Article(id=1322909488071713273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718899200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335800425, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335800425, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335800425, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335800425, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=181, endPage=188, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909488264651258, articleId=1322909488071713273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Properties of Compound Portland-Sulphoaluminate Cement Coal-Based Solid Waste Grouting Material, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Compound portland-sulphoaluminate cement coal-based solid waste grouting material was prepared by using coal gangue and fly ash as raw materials, supplemented by portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement as cementitious materials. By adjusting the mass ratio of portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement, the effects of cement with different mass ratios on the mechanical properties and flow properties of grouting materials were studied. The pore size characteristics of grouting materials were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the hydration products of grouting materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum. The results show that when the mass ratio of portland cement to sulphoaluminate cement is 3:7, the 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of the specimen are 17.05 MPa and 5.00 MPa, respectively, the slump is 34.83 cm, the setting time is 174 min, and the comprehensive performance is the best. The main hydration product of the grouting material is C-A-S-H gel, which is mutually reinforced with the skeleton formed by gangue powder aggregate, fly ash, C-S-H gel, which effectively improves the strength of the specimen. The internal pore size of the grouting material is mainly distributed in 0−0.63 μm and 1−4 μm, and the pore size of 0.05−0.4 μm occupies the main position. The research results can provide some theoretical guidance for the development and engineering application of grouting materials.

, authors=Xu YANG1, Bo HU2, Tao WANG1, Yahui LIU2, Lingyu KONG1, Junmeng LI2, authorsList=Xu YANG, Bo HU, Tao WANG, Yahui LIU, Lingyu KONG, Junmeng LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909491192275461, articleId=1322909488071713273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料性能研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以煤矸石、粉煤灰为原料,辅以硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥为胶凝材料,制备复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料。调整硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥的质量占比,研究不同质量占比水泥对注浆材料力学性能及流动性能的影响,并通过核磁共振分析注浆材料内部孔径特征,借助扫描电镜和能谱分析注浆材料水化产物。研究结果表明:硅酸盐水泥:硫铝酸盐水泥质量比为3∶7时,试件28 d抗压强度和抗折强度分别为17.05 MPa和5.00 MPa,坍落度为34.83 cm,凝结时间为174 min,综合性能最优;浆液材料主要水化产物为C−A−S−H凝胶,其与矸石粉骨料、粉煤灰、C−S−H凝胶形成的骨架互相加固,有效提高了试件强度;注浆材料内部孔径主要分布在0~0.63 μm, 1~4 μm、且0.05~0.4 μm孔径占据主体地位。研究结果可为注浆材料的研发和工程应用提供一定的理论指导。

, authors=杨旭1, 胡博2, 王涛1, 刘亚辉2, 孔令宇1, 李俊孟2, authorsList=杨旭, 胡博, 王涛, 刘亚辉, 孔令宇, 李俊孟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡博, authorNote=

杨旭(1990—),男,新疆奎屯人,助理工程师,主要从事采煤与灾害防治的管理与技术研究。E-mail:

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胡博(2000—),男,山西朔州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为绿色开采。E-mail:
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杨旭(1990—),男,新疆奎屯人,助理工程师,主要从事采煤与灾害防治的管理与技术研究。E-mail:

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杨旭(1990—),男,新疆奎屯人,助理工程师,主要从事采煤与灾害防治的管理与技术研究。E-mail:

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Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 303:124378., articleTitle=Utilization of OPC and FA to enhance reclaimed lime-fly ash macadam based geopolymers cured at ambient temperature, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322909499576689226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, awardId=2022B03028-3; 2023B303009-1, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆重点研发计划项目(2022B03028-3; 2023B303009-1), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322909499660575307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, awardId=52374245; 52104103; 52174128, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52374245; 52104103; 52174128), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322909491431350790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909491448128007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, 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language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同水泥配比的注浆材料的坍落度及凝结时间, figureFileSmall=QAEKxwEjz8TW9YVN1DdFGw==, figureFileBig=Loydi3UZxaI26JVf7RxZ2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496489681464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=3 d, 7 d and 28 d uniaxial compressive strength of curing specimens, figureFileSmall=4yvPVsutVKpu2WkhIrkvdQ==, figureFileBig=xGU0rbGyY8wEe6MG7bMAJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496577761849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=图2, caption=养护试件3 d、7 d、28 d单轴抗压强度, figureFileSmall=4yvPVsutVKpu2WkhIrkvdQ==, figureFileBig=xGU0rbGyY8wEe6MG7bMAJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496657453626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=3 d, 7 d and 28 d uniaxial flexural strength of curing specimens, figureFileSmall=TfwhyKGMFolbBBB5l/DB/A==, figureFileBig=58SSCJVo0yUApyicjR5UgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496728756795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=图3, caption=养护试件3 d、7 d、28 d单轴抗折强度, figureFileSmall=TfwhyKGMFolbBBB5l/DB/A==, figureFileBig=58SSCJVo0yUApyicjR5UgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496816837180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Pore size distribution characteristics of grouting materials with different cement ratios, figureFileSmall=EPiHK3JpxawdBS/xwXLscQ==, figureFileBig=LJktStsyWIxZLaqV+YPiww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496883946045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同水泥配比的注浆材料孔径分布特征, figureFileSmall=EPiHK3JpxawdBS/xwXLscQ==, figureFileBig=LJktStsyWIxZLaqV+YPiww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909496972026430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SEM images of control group and FP-4 test group, figureFileSmall=j5iyB0VwPoSWzUlJNKn+sg==, figureFileBig=D6VFZDCvLKCLOoxnMGHchA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909497043329599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=图5, caption=对照组和FP-4试验组试件的SEM图像, figureFileSmall=j5iyB0VwPoSWzUlJNKn+sg==, figureFileBig=D6VFZDCvLKCLOoxnMGHchA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909497106244160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical components of raw materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原材料CaOAl2O3SO3SiO2MgOFe2O3K2ONa2OTiO2
煤矸石—25.7—63.60.44.32.22.10.8
粉煤灰55.28.82.424.52.24.61.3——
硅酸盐水泥55.48.72.624.32.24.7———
硫铝酸盐水泥42.628.720.65.32.00.2———
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497194324545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原材料主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原材料CaOAl2O3SO3SiO2MgOFe2O3K2ONa2OTiO2
煤矸石—25.7—63.60.44.32.22.10.8
粉煤灰55.28.82.424.52.24.61.3——
硅酸盐水泥55.48.72.624.32.24.7———
硫铝酸盐水泥42.628.720.65.32.00.2———
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497274016322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental design schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案煤矸石质量占比/%粉煤灰质量占比/%硅酸盐水泥质量占比/%硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比/%水灰比减水剂/%
FP-1451040.54.50.450.5
FP-2451031.513.50.450.5
FP-3451022.522.50.450.5
FP-4451013.531.50.450.5
FP-545104.540.50.450.5
对照组451045.000.450.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497387262531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验设计方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案煤矸石质量占比/%粉煤灰质量占比/%硅酸盐水泥质量占比/%硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比/%水灰比减水剂/%
FP-1451040.54.50.450.5
FP-2451031.513.50.450.5
FP-3451022.522.50.450.5
FP-4451013.531.50.450.5
FP-545104.540.50.450.5
对照组451045.000.450.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497471148612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test results of 3 d, 7 d and 28 d compressive strength of specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
龄期统计值对照组FP-1FP-2FP-3FP-4FP-5
3 d均值6.176.263.055.157.6110.05
标准差0.1350.1550.170.140.2010.185
7 d均值11.079.545.508.9611.2412.98
标准差0.210.2720.1710.1860.2720.246
28 d均值18.7316.849.1312.7617.0518.45
标准差0.2250.1910.170.2160.1920.180
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497555034693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试件3 d、7 d、28 d抗压强度测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
龄期统计值对照组FP-1FP-2FP-3FP-4FP-5
3 d均值6.176.263.055.157.6110.05
标准差0.1350.1550.170.140.2010.185
7 d均值11.079.545.508.9611.2412.98
标准差0.210.2720.1710.1860.2720.246
28 d均值18.7316.849.1312.7617.0518.45
标准差0.2250.1910.170.2160.1920.180
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497634726470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Test results of 3 d, 7 d and 28 d flexural strength of specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
龄期统计值对照组FP-1FP-2FP-3FP-4FP-5
3 d均值2.441.101.182.022.422.41
标准差0.0830.0850.0720.0360.0650.051
7 d均值4.343.113.024.092.413.07
标准差0.140.0560.1060.1440.1370.147
28 d均值4.305.264.424.865.004.24
标准差0.0560.1270.0910.1050.1350.086
), ArticleFig(id=1322909497710223943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试件3 d、7 d、28 d抗折强度测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
龄期统计值对照组FP-1FP-2FP-3FP-4FP-5
3 d均值2.441.101.182.022.422.41
标准差0.0830.0850.0720.0360.0650.051
7 d均值4.343.113.024.092.413.07
标准差0.140.0560.1060.1440.1370.147
28 d均值4.305.264.424.865.004.24
标准差0.0560.1270.0910.1050.1350.086
), ArticleFig(id=1322909499379556936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of the proportion of corresponding elements at each point on the SEM image

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案位置OCCaSiAlFe
对照组点134.66—3.4345.6415.440.82
点236.0311.831.3725.4413.196.18
点340.6217.0814.5213.658.461.32
面37.5822.3814.8313.926.071.83
FP-4点138.7615.1214.3814.4814.011.23
点245.8513.253.2418.0214.370.62
点341.61—1.9543.8610.85—
面40.0619.3713.9812.2411.941.65
), ArticleFig(id=1322909499459248713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909488071713273, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

SEM图像上各点对应元素占比分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案位置OCCaSiAlFe
对照组点134.66—3.4345.6415.440.82
点236.0311.831.3725.4413.196.18
点340.6217.0814.5213.658.461.32
面37.5822.3814.8313.926.071.83
FP-4点138.7615.1214.3814.4814.011.23
点245.8513.253.2418.0214.370.62
点341.61—1.9543.8610.85—
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复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料性能研究
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杨旭 1 , 胡博 2 , 王涛 1 , 刘亚辉 2 , 孔令宇 1 , 李俊孟 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(4): 181-188
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (4) : 181 -188
复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料性能研究
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杨旭(1990—),男,新疆奎屯人,助理工程师,主要从事采煤与灾害防治的管理与技术研究。E-mail:

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杨旭1 , 胡博2 , 王涛1, 刘亚辉2, 孔令宇1, 李俊孟2
作者信息
  • 1.国能新疆宽沟矿业有限责任公司,新疆 昌吉回族自治州 831200
  • 2.中国矿业大学 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏 徐州市 221116
通讯作者:
胡博(2000—),男,山西朔州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为绿色开采。E-mail:
作者简介:

杨旭(1990—),男,新疆奎屯人,助理工程师,主要从事采煤与灾害防治的管理与技术研究。E-mail:

Study on the Properties of Compound Portland-Sulphoaluminate Cement Coal-Based Solid Waste Grouting Material
Xu YANG1 , Bo HU2 , Tao WANG1, Yahui LIU2, Lingyu KONG1, Junmeng LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.CHN Energy Xinjiang Kuangou Mining Co., Ltd., Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang 831200, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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以煤矸石、粉煤灰为原料,辅以硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥为胶凝材料,制备复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料。调整硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥的质量占比,研究不同质量占比水泥对注浆材料力学性能及流动性能的影响,并通过核磁共振分析注浆材料内部孔径特征,借助扫描电镜和能谱分析注浆材料水化产物。研究结果表明:硅酸盐水泥:硫铝酸盐水泥质量比为3∶7时,试件28 d抗压强度和抗折强度分别为17.05 MPa和5.00 MPa,坍落度为34.83 cm,凝结时间为174 min,综合性能最优;浆液材料主要水化产物为C−A−S−H凝胶,其与矸石粉骨料、粉煤灰、C−S−H凝胶形成的骨架互相加固,有效提高了试件强度;注浆材料内部孔径主要分布在0~0.63 μm, 1~4 μm、且0.05~0.4 μm孔径占据主体地位。研究结果可为注浆材料的研发和工程应用提供一定的理论指导。

煤基固废  /  硅酸盐水泥  /  硫铝酸盐水泥  /  力学性能  /  流动性能  /  孔径特征

Compound portland-sulphoaluminate cement coal-based solid waste grouting material was prepared by using coal gangue and fly ash as raw materials, supplemented by portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement as cementitious materials. By adjusting the mass ratio of portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement, the effects of cement with different mass ratios on the mechanical properties and flow properties of grouting materials were studied. The pore size characteristics of grouting materials were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the hydration products of grouting materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum. The results show that when the mass ratio of portland cement to sulphoaluminate cement is 3:7, the 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of the specimen are 17.05 MPa and 5.00 MPa, respectively, the slump is 34.83 cm, the setting time is 174 min, and the comprehensive performance is the best. The main hydration product of the grouting material is C-A-S-H gel, which is mutually reinforced with the skeleton formed by gangue powder aggregate, fly ash, C-S-H gel, which effectively improves the strength of the specimen. The internal pore size of the grouting material is mainly distributed in 0−0.63 μm and 1−4 μm, and the pore size of 0.05−0.4 μm occupies the main position. The research results can provide some theoretical guidance for the development and engineering application of grouting materials.

Coal-based solid waste  /  Portland cement  /  Sulphoaluminate cement  /  Mechanical property  /  Flow property  /  Pore size characteristic
杨旭, 胡博, 王涛, 刘亚辉, 孔令宇, 李俊孟. 复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料性能研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 181 -188 .
Xu YANG, Bo HU, Tao WANG, Yahui LIU, Lingyu KONG, Junmeng LI. Study on the Properties of Compound Portland-Sulphoaluminate Cement Coal-Based Solid Waste Grouting Material[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 181 -188 .
煤炭作为我国的主体能源,年产量已超45 亿 t,生产过程中伴随着大量固体废弃物产出[1-3],主要包括煤矸石、粉煤灰等。煤矸石作为工业固废之首[4-5],年排放量占当年煤炭产量的10%左右,截至目前,已累计堆存煤矸石30多亿t,占地面积约为1.2万hm2,粉煤灰年排放量已超7.8 亿 t[6-8]。煤矸石与粉煤灰的堆积严重占用土地资源,造成地表土壤、地表水及地下水的污染,破坏生态环境[9-11],但其内部所含活性组分促使其成为制备注浆材料的优质原材料。近年来,随着绿色矿山理念的兴起及现有注浆材料成本的上升,亟需提出新型煤基固废注浆材料,这种新型材料不仅能高效处置煤矸石、粉煤灰等固体废弃物,实现资源的循环利用,还能解决注浆材料制备成本高昂的问题[12-14]。
目前关于煤基固废制备注浆材料的研究颇多,郭凌志等[15]以煤基固废为原材料,加入碱激发剂,制备地聚物注浆材料,研究了各配比下浆液的流动性及力学强度。YU等[16]以脱硫石膏、气化渣、炉底渣为原材料制备注浆材料,分析了注浆材料的泌水率、致密性、黏度、凝固时间和强度等参数,同时采用XRD、SEM/EDS等手段研究了其微观界面结构及增强机制。徐先杰等[17]以粉煤灰、炉渣及矿粉为原材料,利用碱激发剂激发粉煤灰活性,进而制备碱激发注浆材料,研究了碱激发剂掺量及粉煤灰-炉渣掺量对注浆材料性能的影响,并对其水化产物进行了物理化学表征。王波等[18]以粉煤灰和矿渣为前驱体,外加碱激发剂制备注浆材料,同时通过加入纤维来优化注浆材料的性能,最终得出纤维掺量为3%时,注浆材料性能最优。贾东秀等[19]研究了碱激发剂掺量、碱固比、水灰比等因素对注浆材料性能的影响,并利用矩阵分析法得到最优配比。曹巍巍等[20]研究发现,当碱激发剂模数为1、掺量为8%时,注浆材料性能最优。周梅等[21]研究了煤矸石及粉煤灰掺量、碱激发剂模数及掺量对注浆材料性能的影响,并分析了其强化机理。
综上所述,煤基固废制备注浆材料领域的研究成果丰硕,其中,碱激发剂扮演着至关重要的角色,它能够有效激发煤基固废的活性,进而制备性能较优的注浆材料,然而,以复配水泥体系为胶凝材料的研究则相对较少。本文以煤矸石、粉煤灰为原材料,复配硅酸盐水泥及硫铝酸盐水泥为胶凝材料,辅以减水剂制备注浆材料,研究两种水泥复配下注浆材料的流动性、力学强度、内部孔径分布及其水化产物。研究成果可为煤基固废注浆材料的制备提供理论指导。
本次试验所用细骨料为煤矸石,选自宽沟煤矿排矸场,主要化学成分为SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3。
本次试验复配的水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥,硫铝酸盐水泥选用62.5白水泥,具有快凝、快硬、高强度的特征,且其体积变化率很小。
本次试验选用的粉煤灰为I级粉煤灰,主要化学成分为CaO和SiO2,属于高钙粉煤灰。
上述原材料主要化学成分见表1。
本试验所用煤矸石、粉煤灰及水泥掺量分别占总灰量的45%、10%及45%,固定水灰比为0.45,同时掺入0.5%的减水剂,调整两种水泥的质量占比,设计硅酸盐水泥:硫铝酸盐水泥质量比分别为9∶1, 7∶3, 1∶1, 3∶7, 1∶9,以全硅酸盐水泥作为对照组,测试各配比下注浆材料的力学性能及流动性能。具体试验设计方案见表2。
各材料按设定比例配置并混合均匀,取部分浆液测试其坍落度和凝结时间,分析其流变性能,其余浆液装入模具中,分别制备成Φ50 mm×100 mm的标准圆柱形抗压试件和160 mm×40 mm×40 mm的长方体抗折试件,放入养护箱养护24 h后脱模,将脱模后的试件分别养护3 d、7 d和28 d,测试试件的抗压强度和抗折强度。
参照《水泥胶砂强度检验方法》(GB/T17671—2021)进行抗压强度测试,利用WDW-300试验机,设定初始试验力为100 N,加载速率为0.5 mm/min,断裂比达到50%时停止加载,每个方案在各龄期下测试3个试样,取平均值作为最终强度值。
按照《混凝土外加剂匀质性试验方法》(GB/T 8077—2012)进行坍落度测试,利用截锥圆模(Φ36 mm×Φ60 mm×60 mm)、玻璃板(400 mm×400 mm×5 mm)、卷尺、刮刀、烧杯及搅拌器,将浆液置于截锥圆模中,用刮刀刮平表面,垂直提起截锥圆模,待浆液停止流动后,用卷尺测量两垂直方向上浆液的长度,求平均值。
参照《水泥标准稠度用水量凝结时间安定性检验方法》(GB/T 1346—2011)进行凝结时间测试,采用维卡仪进行检测,当水与干料混合时开始计时,将配置好的浆液浇入试模中,试模小口朝上置于底座中心,每隔1 min测定一次,当初凝针距离底部3~5 mm时达到初凝并记录时间,随后将试模大口朝上,更换终凝针,当终凝针不能在材料表面留下痕迹时记为终凝时间。
各试验组及对照组的坍落度和凝结时间结果如图1所示。由图1(a)可知,全硅酸盐水泥浆液的坍落度为34.38 cm,随着硫铝酸盐水泥掺量的增加,浆液坍落度呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,FP-2试验组的坍落度最小,仅为28.35 cm,比对照组降低了17.54%;FP-3试验组的坍落度为28.98 cm,较对照组降低了15.71%,当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比大于22.5%时,浆液坍落度明显增长;FP-5试验组的坍落度达到最大,约为36.7 cm,相比对照组提高了6.75%。
由图1(b)可知,复配水泥材料的凝结时间较全硅酸盐水泥材料凝结时间短,且随着硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比的增大,复配水泥体系的初凝时间及终凝时间变化趋势相同,均为先减小后增大。当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为13.5%时,注浆材料的凝结时间相较于全硅酸盐水泥急剧下降,凝结时间达到最短,初凝时间为46 min,较对照组缩短了260 min,终凝时间为77 min,较对照组缩短了439 min,当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为22.5%,即复配比为1∶1时,注浆材料凝结时间略高于硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为13.5%注浆材料的凝结时间,当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比高于22.5%时,凝结时间增长趋势较明显。
复配水泥体系中硫铝酸钙水化生成钙矾石与铝胶,硅酸钙水化生成的Ca(OH)2与铝胶继续反应生成钙矾石,加快了硫铝酸钙的水化进程,同时Ca(OH)2的消耗也进一步促进了硅酸钙的水化,因此,复配水泥体系中硫铝酸钙与硅酸钙相互促进,水的消耗速度增加且消耗量大,致使凝结时间缩短,且水的减少导致浆液坍落度下降。当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为0~22.5%时,随着质量占比的增大,复配水泥体系中硫铝酸钙含量逐渐增多,由于硫铝酸钙与硅酸钙的水化促进作用,使得水化反应随着硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比的增加愈加剧烈,凝结时间逐渐缩短。当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比大于22.5%时,复配水泥体系水化反应更加剧烈,在短时间内生成大量钙矾石晶体,附着在水泥颗粒表面,水泥水化进程受阻,凝结时间增加,同时部分水不能及时参与水化反应,变成了自由水,导致浆液的坍落度增加。
试件养护3个龄期(3 d、7 d、28 d)后的抗压强度测试结果见表3。由表3可知,试件3 d抗压强度在3.05~10.05 MPa之间,7 d抗压强度在5.50~12.98 MPa之间,其中FP-5试验组3 d和7 d抗压强度最大,分别为10.05 MPa和12.98 MPa, FP-2试验组3 d和7 d抗压强度最小,分别为3.05 MPa和5.50 MPa;试件28 d抗压强度在9.13~18.73 MPa之间,对照组28 d抗压强度最大,为18.73 MPa, FP-2试验组试件28 d抗压强度仍最小,为9.13 MPa。
根据表3绘制试件养护3 d、7 d、28 d平均抗压强度柱状图,如图2所示。
由图2可知,试验组试件抗压强度随着硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比的增加整体呈先下降后上升的趋势,当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为40.5%时,各龄期试件抗压强度均达到最大值,这是由于硫铝酸盐水泥中的无水硫铝酸钙会生成大量钙矾石晶体,这些晶体与矸石粉骨料、粉煤灰、C-S-H凝胶形成的骨架互相加固,从而有效提高了试件强度;当硅酸盐水泥:硫铝酸盐水泥质量比为7:3时,各龄期试样抗压强度最低,这可能是因为硫铝酸盐水泥水化生成少量钙矾石晶体,致使体系内部钙矾石发生不均匀膨胀,最终使试件内部产生微裂隙,整体强度进一步降低。较对照组而言,当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比达到31.5%以上时,试件3 d和7 d抗压强度均高于对照组,28 d抗压强度较对照组相对较低,这可能是因为对照组硅酸盐水泥水化生成的大量Ca(OH)2,与CO2反应生成CaCO3,进一步提高了试件强度。
试件养护3个龄期(3 d、7 d、28 d)后的抗折强度测试结果见表4。由表4可知,试件养护3 d抗折强度在1.10~2.44 MPa之间,对照组试件3 d抗折强度最大,为2.44 MPa, FP-1试验组3 d抗折强度最小,为1.10 MPa;试件养护7 d抗折强度在2.41~4.34 MPa之间,对照组抗折强度最大,为4.34 MPa, FP-4试验组7 d抗折强度最小,为2.41 MPa;试件养护28 d抗折强度在4.24~5.26 MPa之间,其中FP-1试验组28 d抗折强度最大,为5.26 MPa, FP-5试验组28 d抗折强度最小,为4.24 MPa。
根据表4绘制试件养护3 d、7 d、28 d平均抗折强度柱状图,如图3所示。
由图3可知,全硅酸盐水泥情况下试样28 d抗折强度为4.30 MPa,当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比分别为4.5%、13.5%、22.5%、31.5%、40.5%时,试样28 d抗折强度分别为5.26 MPa、4.42 MPa、4.86 MPa、5 MPa、4.24 MPa,相较于对照组的变化量分别为0.96 MPa、0.12 MPa、0.56 MPa、0.70 MPa、0.06 MPa,变化量较小,表明硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比改变对试件抗折强度不敏感。相较于对照组可知,全硅酸盐水泥情况下试样7 d抗折强度和28 d抗折强度几乎相同,仅相差0.04 MPa,随着硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比的增加,试件7 d和28 d抗折强度出现明显差异,其差值分别为2.15 MPa、1.4 MPa、0.77 MPa、2.59 MPa、1.17 MPa。因此,硫铝酸盐水泥延缓了试件水化反应的速率,且当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为31.5%时,延缓效果最为明显。
注浆材料的孔隙结构间接反映了其微观结构和密实度,影响其力学性能与渗透特性[17]。本文以浆液结实体孔径标准为例,即胶凝孔(<0.01 μm)、过渡孔(0.01~0.1 μm)、毛细孔(0.1~1 μm)、宏观孔(>1 μm)[22]。由于FP-2与FP-3试验组材料的强度及流动性大致相同,只绘制其中一组孔径分布曲线。不同水泥配比注浆材料的孔径分布特征如图4所示。
由图4可知,不同水泥配比注浆材料的孔径主要集中在0~0.63 μm、1~4 μm。随着硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比的增加,0~0.63 μm及1~4 μm间的孔径占比呈先增后减再增的趋势;当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为40.5%时,0~0.63 μm孔径占比最多,主要集中在0.05~0.4 μm之间,1~4 μm之间的孔径也较多,主要集中在2.5~4 μm之间;质量占比为4.5%时,试件内部各孔径占比同对照组大致相同;当硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为31.5%时,0~0.63 μm与1~4 μm范围内的孔径占比较小,仅高于质量占比为4.5%的孔径占比。
综上所述,结合力学性能、流动性能及孔径分布特征分析可得,当硅酸盐水泥:硫铝酸盐水泥为3:7时,所得材料性能最优。
选取性能最优的FP-4试验组和对照组的试件进行电镜扫描试验,分析复配水泥煤基固废注浆材料的水化产物。SEM测试结果如图5所示,各点对应元素占比见表5。
由图5和表5可知,对照组和FP-4试验组水化产物中元素相似,主要元素为O、Ca、Si、Al,其中O元素占比分别为37.58%和40.06%,Ca元素占比分别为14.83%和13.98%,Si元素占比分别为13.92%和12.24%,Al元素占比分别为6.07%和11.94%,C元素占比分别为22.38%和19.37%、Fe元素占比分别为1.83%和1.65%。FP-4试验组中Al元素含量显著提高,说明复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料水化产物主要为C−A−S−H凝胶。
(1)本文研究了硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥不同配比下,煤基固废注浆材料的流变性能、力学性能及孔隙分布特性。研究结果表明,硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比为13.5%时,由于硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥水化相互促进,自由水消耗速度及消耗量大,浆液坍落度及凝结时间均最小;当质量占比高于22.5%时,由于水化反应剧烈,短时间内生成大量的钙矾石晶体并附着于水泥颗粒表面,水化反应受阻,自由水增多,坍落度及凝结时间明显增大。
(2)随着硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比的增加,试件抗压强度整体呈先下降后上升的趋势,这是因为硫铝酸盐水泥中的无水硫铝酸钙发生反应,生成大量钙矾石晶体,这些晶体与矸石粉骨料、粉煤灰、C-S-H凝胶形成的骨架互相加固,有效提高了试件强度。而硫铝酸盐水泥质量占比改变对试件抗折强度影响较小。
(3)孔隙分布特征结果表明,浆液结石体内部孔径主要分布在0~0.63 μm和1~4 μm之间,其中0.05~0.4 μm孔径占据主体地位。元素占比结果表明,掺入硫铝酸盐水泥的试件中,Al元素含量显著提高,说明复配硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥煤基固废注浆材料水化产物主要为C-A-S-H凝胶。研究成果可为注浆材料的研发及工程应用提供一定的理论指导。
  • 新疆重点研发计划项目(2022B03028-3; 2023B303009-1)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52374245; 52104103; 52174128)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21
基金
新疆重点研发计划项目(2022B03028-3; 2023B303009-1)
国家自然科学基金项目(52374245; 52104103; 52174128)
作者信息
    1.国能新疆宽沟矿业有限责任公司,新疆 昌吉回族自治州 831200
    2.中国矿业大学 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏 徐州市 221116

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胡博(2000—),男,山西朔州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为绿色开采。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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