Article(id=1322909477808255670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335797979, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335797979, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335797979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335797979, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=172, endPage=180, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909477992805047, articleId=1322909477808255670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Performance Analysis of Graphite Tailings Improved by Clay Based on Response Surface Methodology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to enhance the shear performance of graphite tailings, based on the indoor direct shear test, the effects of clay content, water content, quicklime content and polypropylene fiber content on the shear strength of graphite tailings were determined by single factor test. The optimum mix ratio of clay, water and quicklime was obtained by response surface method (RSM), and the optimum mix ratio scheme was verified. The microscopic characteristics of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that with the addition of clay, water, quicklime and polypropylene fiber, the shear strength and cohesion of the solidified graphite tailings increase first and then decrease, and the internal friction angle tends to be stable.When the clay content is 29.38%, the water content is 15.82%, and the quicklime content is 3.59%, the cohesion of the solidified graphite tailings reaches the best, which is 9.417 3 kPa. The average cohesion obtained by the test is 9.487 kPa. The relative error between the predicted value and the test value is 0.7%, less than 5%, which verifies the feasibility of the response surface design model.The SEM results show that the agglomeration structure is formed between the modified graphite tailings particles and the clay, which improves the shear strength of the solidified material. The research results are of great significance to the reinforcement and protection of graphite tailings reservoir slope.

, authors=Ruixin JIANG1, 2, Zhengjun WANG1, 2, Yajing WEN1, 2, Yingxin DU1, 3, Dan WANG1, 4, authorsList=Ruixin JIANG, Zhengjun WANG, Yajing WEN, Yingxin DU, Dan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909482002559690, articleId=1322909477808255670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于响应面法的黏土改良石墨尾砂性能分析, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了增强石墨尾砂的抗剪性能,在室内直剪试验的基础上,通过单因素试验确定黏土掺量、含水率、生石灰掺量和聚丙烯纤维掺量对石墨尾砂抗剪强度的影响。采用响应面法(RSM)得到了黏土、水、生石灰的最佳配合比,并对最优配比方案进行验证。利用扫描电镜试验分析试样的微观特性。结果表明:随着黏土、水、生石灰和聚丙烯纤维的掺入,石墨尾砂固化物的抗剪强度和黏聚力均先升高后降低,内摩擦角趋于稳定;当黏土掺量为29.38%,含水率为15.82%,生石灰掺量为3.59%时,石墨尾砂固化物黏聚力最优,为9.417 3 kPa,试验得到的黏聚力平均值为9.487 kPa,预测值与试验值之间的相对误差为0.7%,小于5%,验证了该响应面设计模型的可行性。SEM结果表明,改良后石墨尾砂颗粒与黏土之间聚合形成团聚结构,提高了固化物的抗剪强度。研究成果对石墨尾矿库边坡的加固和防护具有重要意义。

, authors=蒋睿新1, 2, 王正君1, 2, 温雅晶1, 2, 杜英欣1, 3, 王丹1, 4, authorsList=蒋睿新, 王正君, 温雅晶, 杜英欣, 王丹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王丹, authorNote=

蒋睿新(2000—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要从事尾矿综合利用研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王丹(1986—),女,河北昌黎人,高级工程师,主要从事水工结构工程研究。E-mail:
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2.黑龙江大学 寒区水利工程重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006, bio={"content":"

蒋睿新(2000—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要从事尾矿综合利用研究。E-mail:

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蒋睿新(2000—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要从事尾矿综合利用研究。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=JqR3HfZjcEscElVodr4WXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487417406210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图2, caption=石墨尾砂、黏土和生石灰粒径分布曲线, figureFileSmall=cFB13L659nkCjPNAkbxSDw==, figureFileBig=JqR3HfZjcEscElVodr4WXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487492903683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The shear strength change curves of the solidified material under dosoge of different factors, figureFileSmall=jKQr0SUGxqzbqvmQnw+u2g==, figureFileBig=J5Fg4vTstmDru2EOKaKKEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487555818244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同因素掺量下固化物抗剪强度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=jKQr0SUGxqzbqvmQnw+u2g==, figureFileBig=J5Fg4vTstmDru2EOKaKKEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487643898629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The change of cohesion and internal friction angle of solidified material under dosage of different factors, figureFileSmall=WasTo8MpuX6MQ6jSIjO3hA==, figureFileBig=34YMpAaHCtf++3pH+0wjHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487706813190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同因素掺量下固化物黏聚力及内摩擦角变化情况, figureFileSmall=WasTo8MpuX6MQ6jSIjO3hA==, figureFileBig=34YMpAaHCtf++3pH+0wjHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487790699271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Box-design selection principle, figureFileSmall=1Sx0CHCNY0YaVqwyEIZIWg==, figureFileBig=3PIh6uglfFuE1Bvkz28+Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487899751176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图5, caption=响应面选择原理, figureFileSmall=1Sx0CHCNY0YaVqwyEIZIWg==, figureFileBig=3PIh6uglfFuE1Bvkz28+Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488012997385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison between predicted values and actual values of cohesion, figureFileSmall=XkE4qYSBFDtAxhW3fad8wQ==, figureFileBig=5g1VMOFZBOzyI02+8+VjFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488101077770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图6, caption=黏聚力预测值与实际值对比, figureFileSmall=XkE4qYSBFDtAxhW3fad8wQ==, figureFileBig=5g1VMOFZBOzyI02+8+VjFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488163992331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The influence of the interaction between clay content, moisture content and quicklime content on cohesion, figureFileSmall=ZEcZb8ga4PUjZl4E4X3Jgg==, figureFileBig=zE87q+r3+hO7Q0GOgpgE7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488252072716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图7, caption=黏土掺量、含水率、生石灰掺量之间的交互作用对黏聚力的影响, figureFileSmall=ZEcZb8ga4PUjZl4E4X3Jgg==, figureFileBig=zE87q+r3+hO7Q0GOgpgE7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488327570189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Microscopic morphology of the solidified material under the optimal dosage, figureFileSmall=R68b4LC8OWphlzuK6fhN2w==, figureFileBig=Gf/O/GX6SOpr3gMCfHvpmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488390484750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图8, caption=最优掺量下固化物微观形貌, figureFileSmall=R68b4LC8OWphlzuK6fhN2w==, figureFileBig=Gf/O/GX6SOpr3gMCfHvpmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488482759439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The microstructure of solidified material under the optimal dosage, figureFileSmall=ykjeXtOf+R3aX2L4d41Eug==, figureFileBig=g2tlwIUwE1etaSDt7UOABA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488558256912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=图9, caption=最优掺量下固化物微观形态, figureFileSmall=ykjeXtOf+R3aX2L4d41Eug==, figureFileBig=g2tlwIUwE1etaSDt7UOABA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488637948689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic physical parameters of graphite tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含水率/%表观密度/(kg·m-3)堆积密度/(kg·m-3)孔隙率/%
5.182 8571 45049.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322909488713446162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

石墨尾砂基本物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含水率/%表观密度/(kg·m-3)堆积密度/(kg·m-3)孔隙率/%
5.182 8571 45049.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322909488793137939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic physical property indexes of test clay

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
液限塑限塑性指数
41.98326.5015.483
), ArticleFig(id=1322909490454082324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验黏土的基本物理性质指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
液限塑限塑性指数
41.98326.5015.483
), ArticleFig(id=1322909490542162709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Main performance indexes of polypropylene fibers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗拉强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%弹性模量/MPa密度/(g/cm3)直径/μm熔点/℃
46928.44 2360.9132.7169
), ArticleFig(id=1322909490613465878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

聚丙烯纤维主要性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗拉强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%弹性模量/MPa密度/(g/cm3)直径/μm熔点/℃
46928.44 2360.9132.7169
), ArticleFig(id=1322909490701546263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Chemical components of graphite tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2SO3Al2O3CaOFe2O3K2OMgOTiO2V2O5其他
48.0115.4110.449.868.104.022.490.720.100.85
), ArticleFig(id=1322909490823181080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

石墨尾砂化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2SO3Al2O3CaOFe2O3K2OMgOTiO2V2O5其他
48.0115.4110.449.868.104.022.490.720.100.85
), ArticleFig(id=1322909490907067161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Chemical components of clay

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3K2OCaOMgOTiO2SO3MnOP2O5其他
63.5017.789.243.332.301.721.330.210.200.160.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491003536154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

黏土化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3K2OCaOMgOTiO2SO3MnOP2O5其他
63.5017.789.243.332.301.721.330.210.200.160.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491079033627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Material ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案黏土掺量/%含水率/%生石灰掺量/%聚丙烯纤维掺量/%
1101600.00
2201600.00
3301600.00
4401600.00
5501600.00
6201500.00
7201700.00
8201800.00
9201900.00
10202000.00
11201610.00
12201630.00
13201650.00
14201670.00
15201690.00
16201600.25
17201600.50
18201600.75
19201601.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491179696924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

材料配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案黏土掺量/%含水率/%生石灰掺量/%聚丙烯纤维掺量/%
1101600.00
2201600.00
3301600.00
4401600.00
5501600.00
6201500.00
7201700.00
8201800.00
9201900.00
10202000.00
11201610.00
12201630.00
13201650.00
14201670.00
15201690.00
16201600.25
17201600.50
18201600.75
19201601.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491251000093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Design schemes and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案黏土掺量A/%含水率B/%生石灰掺量C/%黏聚力c/kPa
1201537.358
2401536.674
3201736.949
4401736.630
5201617.085
6401616.633
7201657.494
8401657.129
9301518.221
10301718.494
11301558.946
12301758.221
13301639.423
14301639.268
15301639.468
16301639.404
17301639.314
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491330691870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

设计方案与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案黏土掺量A/%含水率B/%生石灰掺量C/%黏聚力c/kPa
1201537.358
2401536.674
3201736.949
4401736.630
5201617.085
6401616.633
7201657.494
8401657.129
9301518.221
10301718.494
11301558.946
12301758.221
13301639.423
14301639.268
15301639.468
16301639.404
17301639.314
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491418772256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Results of variance analysis of cohesion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方差F值P值(F>Fα)
模型19.510 092.170 0266.48<0.000 1
A0.414 010.414 050.900.000 2
B0.102 410.102 412.590.009 4
C0.230 210.230 228.300.001 1
AB0.033 310.033 34.090.082 7
AC0.001 910.001 90.230.644 3
BC0.249 010.249 030.610.000 9
A215.670 0115.670 01 926.05<0.000 1
B21.240 011.240 0153.02<0.000 1
C20.549 310.549 367.53<0.000 1
残差0.056 970.008 1——
失拟项0.030 030.010 01.480.346 7
绝对误差0.027 040.006 7——
总离差19.570 016———
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491527824161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

黏聚力c方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方差F值P值(F>Fα)
模型19.510 092.170 0266.48<0.000 1
A0.414 010.414 050.900.000 2
B0.102 410.102 412.590.009 4
C0.230 210.230 228.300.001 1
AB0.033 310.033 34.090.082 7
AC0.001 910.001 90.230.644 3
BC0.249 010.249 030.610.000 9
A215.670 0115.670 01 926.05<0.000 1
B21.240 011.240 0153.02<0.000 1
C20.549 310.549 367.53<0.000 1
残差0.056 970.008 1——
失拟项0.030 030.010 01.480.346 7
绝对误差0.027 040.006 7——
总离差19.570 016———
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491620098850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

The best cohesion ratio scheme of graphite tailings solidified material

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏土掺量A/%含水率B/%生石灰掺量C/%黏聚力c/kPa满意度
29.3815.823.599.417 30.982
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491703984931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

石墨尾矿固化物最佳黏聚力配比方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏土掺量A/%含水率B/%生石灰掺量C/%黏聚力c/kPa满意度
29.3815.823.599.417 30.982
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491787871012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Validation results of the best ratio scheme

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号黏土掺量/%含水率/%生石灰掺量/%黏聚力c/kPa
129.3815.823.599.56
229.3815.823.599.48
329.3815.823.599.42
平均值———9.487
), ArticleFig(id=1322909491875951397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909477808255670, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

最佳配比方案验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号黏土掺量/%含水率/%生石灰掺量/%黏聚力c/kPa
129.3815.823.599.56
229.3815.823.599.48
329.3815.823.599.42
平均值———9.487
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基于响应面法的黏土改良石墨尾砂性能分析
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蒋睿新 1, 2 , 王正君 1, 2 , 温雅晶 1, 2 , 杜英欣 1, 3 , 王丹 1, 4
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(4): 172-180
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (4) : 172 -180
基于响应面法的黏土改良石墨尾砂性能分析
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蒋睿新(2000—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要从事尾矿综合利用研究。E-mail:

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蒋睿新1, 2 , 王正君1, 2, 温雅晶1, 2, 杜英欣1, 3, 王丹1, 4
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江大学 水利电力学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006
  • 2.黑龙江大学 寒区水利工程重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006
  • 3.黑龙江黑大水利工程质量检测有限公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150078
  • 4.黑龙江农垦科信工程质量检测有限公司,黑龙江 佳木斯市 154002
通讯作者:
王丹(1986—),女,河北昌黎人,高级工程师,主要从事水工结构工程研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

蒋睿新(2000—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要从事尾矿综合利用研究。E-mail:

Performance Analysis of Graphite Tailings Improved by Clay Based on Response Surface Methodology
Ruixin JIANG1, 2 , Zhengjun WANG1, 2, Yajing WEN1, 2, Yingxin DU1, 3, Dan WANG1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Cold Zone Water Conservancy Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
  • 3.Heilongjiang Heida Water Conservancy Project Quality Inspection Co., Ltd., Harbin, Heilongjiang 150078, China
  • 4.Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Kexin Engineering Quality Inspection Co., Ltd., Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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为了增强石墨尾砂的抗剪性能,在室内直剪试验的基础上,通过单因素试验确定黏土掺量、含水率、生石灰掺量和聚丙烯纤维掺量对石墨尾砂抗剪强度的影响。采用响应面法(RSM)得到了黏土、水、生石灰的最佳配合比,并对最优配比方案进行验证。利用扫描电镜试验分析试样的微观特性。结果表明:随着黏土、水、生石灰和聚丙烯纤维的掺入,石墨尾砂固化物的抗剪强度和黏聚力均先升高后降低,内摩擦角趋于稳定;当黏土掺量为29.38%,含水率为15.82%,生石灰掺量为3.59%时,石墨尾砂固化物黏聚力最优,为9.417 3 kPa,试验得到的黏聚力平均值为9.487 kPa,预测值与试验值之间的相对误差为0.7%,小于5%,验证了该响应面设计模型的可行性。SEM结果表明,改良后石墨尾砂颗粒与黏土之间聚合形成团聚结构,提高了固化物的抗剪强度。研究成果对石墨尾矿库边坡的加固和防护具有重要意义。

石墨尾砂  /  黏土改良  /  抗剪强度  /  黏聚力  /  响应面法

In order to enhance the shear performance of graphite tailings, based on the indoor direct shear test, the effects of clay content, water content, quicklime content and polypropylene fiber content on the shear strength of graphite tailings were determined by single factor test. The optimum mix ratio of clay, water and quicklime was obtained by response surface method (RSM), and the optimum mix ratio scheme was verified. The microscopic characteristics of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that with the addition of clay, water, quicklime and polypropylene fiber, the shear strength and cohesion of the solidified graphite tailings increase first and then decrease, and the internal friction angle tends to be stable.When the clay content is 29.38%, the water content is 15.82%, and the quicklime content is 3.59%, the cohesion of the solidified graphite tailings reaches the best, which is 9.417 3 kPa. The average cohesion obtained by the test is 9.487 kPa. The relative error between the predicted value and the test value is 0.7%, less than 5%, which verifies the feasibility of the response surface design model.The SEM results show that the agglomeration structure is formed between the modified graphite tailings particles and the clay, which improves the shear strength of the solidified material. The research results are of great significance to the reinforcement and protection of graphite tailings reservoir slope.

Graphite tailings  /  Clay improvement  /  Shear strength  /  Cohesive  /  Response surface method
蒋睿新, 王正君, 温雅晶, 杜英欣, 王丹. 基于响应面法的黏土改良石墨尾砂性能分析. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 172 -180 .
Ruixin JIANG, Zhengjun WANG, Yajing WEN, Yingxin DU, Dan WANG. Performance Analysis of Graphite Tailings Improved by Clay Based on Response Surface Methodology[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 172 -180 .
石墨是当今高科技军事和现代工业发展不可或缺的非金属材料[1],主要产于中国、印度和巴西[2]。然而,每生产1 t石墨会产生10~15 t石墨尾砂,目前处理石墨尾砂的方法是直接填埋,会对环境造成较为严重的污染[3]。大量堆放的石墨尾砂不仅浪费了土地资源,更会污染矿区环境和造成安全隐患,如空气和地下水污染、溃坝等[4-5]。由于石墨尾砂具有渗透性强、结构松散、黏聚性弱等特点,使得一半以上的尾矿库在降雨渗透、径流侵蚀等作用下发生溃坝事故[6]。因此,增加石墨尾砂的密实度与整体稳定性在保障工程质量方面显得尤为重要。
用水泥和石灰作为胶凝材料固化石墨尾砂是目前最有效的方法[7-8],而水泥对环境影响较大。对此,任园等[9]以黏土作为磷尾矿砂的胶凝辅助材料,分析不同黏土掺量下改良尾矿砂的力学性能变化规律,得出黏土掺量为50%可满足路基填料性能要求。李世敏等[10]分析了交通荷载作用下黏土改良尾矿砂动力特性,结果表明黏土最佳掺量为30%,此时对尾矿砂改良效果显著。JIANG等[11]基于能量耗散理论计算,在铁尾砂中加入不同含量的聚丙烯纤维并进行直剪试验,结果表明,聚丙烯纤维可以改善铁尾矿砂剪切性能,但由于复合胶凝材料之间存在相对复杂的交互作用,有必要对其进行多目标优化,以此来确定最佳配合比掺量。
本文基于单因素试验(黏土掺量、含水率、生石灰掺量、聚丙烯纤维掺量)确定影响因素范围取值,得到3因素3水平共17组试验方案,利用Design Expert 13中的Box-Behnken试验设计(BBD)构建黏土改良石墨尾砂黏聚力试验模型,通过响应面法研究3种因素(黏土掺量,含水率,生石灰掺量)对石墨尾砂黏聚力补强效果的影响规律。
石墨尾砂取自黑龙江省鹤岗市萝北县基坑,呈灰白色颗粒状,石墨尾砂的基本物理参数见表1。
试验黏土取自鹤岗市萝北县基坑,取过0.5 mm筛子筛分的土样,在105 ℃烘箱中烘干后呈黄褐色,经液限塑限试验验证为粉质黏土,其基本物理性质指标见表2。
聚丙烯纤维长度为6 mm,其主要性能指标见表3。
石墨尾砂和黏土的XRD衍射图谱如图1所示,化学成分含量见表4和表5。可以看出,石墨尾砂和黏土主要化学成分均为SiO2和Al2O3。石墨尾砂、黏土和生石灰粒径分布曲线如图2所示。由图2可知,石墨尾砂颗粒较大,粒径多集中在120~500 μm,累计含量达到了58.4%,塑性较差,颗粒之间基本没有黏聚力,胶结作用弱,整体性较差。黏土粒径较小,由于黏土颗粒之间存在毛细作用和吸附作用,对石墨尾砂有一定的黏聚性[12],因此,可以考虑采用黏土对石墨尾砂进行改良,增加石墨尾砂的黏结性和塑性。
试验前将石墨尾砂放入105 ℃烘箱中烘干至恒量,再过孔径为1 mm的筛子。在样品制备过程中,首先,向石墨尾砂粉末中加入水并搅拌3 min,其中水占固体质量分数的15%,然后,将掺入料混入石墨尾砂粉末中并搅拌3 min,最后,将混合物放入直径为61.8 mm、高度为20 mm的环形切割器中,放入混合物之前在环形切割器内部涂抹一层凡士林。通过压实形成上表面和下表面均平滑的样品,将样品包装在保鲜膜中并放置在自然环境中24 h后,进行直接剪切试验。由于尾砂的颗粒较粗,渗透系数较大,采用快剪方式,将试样推进直剪仪剪切盒内,施加50 kPa的垂直荷载,剪切速率为0.8 mm/min,直至试样剪切破坏,记录破坏时测力计读数。垂直荷载依次递加至100 kPa、150 kPa、200 kPa,重复上述剪切步骤。
试验选择黏土固化石墨尾砂,对不同含水率条件下固化物的抗剪强度进行比较,分别外掺生石灰和聚丙烯纤维,并开展不同掺量条件下固化物的抗剪强度试验。黏土掺量分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%,含水率分别为15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%,生石灰掺量分别为1%、3%、5%、7%、9%,聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1%。材料配比见表6。
根据前期的单因素试验,得到3因素3水平共计17组试验方案,即黏土掺量3个水平分别为20%、30%、40%;含水率3个水平分别为15%、16%、17%;生石灰掺量3个水平分别为1%、3%、5%,分析不同掺量水平对石墨尾砂固化物黏聚力的影响。
采用Sigma300扫描电子显微镜进行试样微观结构研究。选取最优方案的典型试样,放入无水乙醇中浸泡24 h,切割成长×宽×高为2 mm×2 mm×1 mm的立方体,对其进行烘箱干燥,去除水分。为了提高试样表面的导电性,对试样表面进行镀金处理,利用扫描电子显微镜观察试样的微观特征。
根据规范《土工试验标准方法》(GB/T 50123—2019)[13],将剪应力-剪切位移曲线中稳定峰值的剪应力作为试样抗剪强度,得到不同掺量下黏土-石墨尾砂固化物的抗剪强度。抗剪强度的大小是评价固化物稳定性的重要指标,黏聚力是表示同种物质内部相邻各部分之间的相互吸引力。
不同黏土掺量、含水率、生石灰掺量、聚丙烯纤维掺量条件下,固化物抗剪强度变化曲线如图3所示,固化物黏聚力和内摩擦角的变化如图4所示。
黏土颗粒包裹石墨尾砂形成团聚,发生胶结作用。由图3(a)可知,随着黏土掺量的增多,固化物抗剪强度呈现先升高再降低的趋势,存在明显的峰值。分析认为,随着黏土的增加,石墨尾砂颗粒之间的孔隙逐渐被黏土颗粒填充,部分细颗粒开始参与混合固化物骨架的构成,即混合固化物的骨架逐渐由以尾矿砂颗粒为主导转变为由尾矿砂颗粒和黏土颗粒共同承担,使骨架抵抗变形的能力和承载能力得到提升[10]。当黏土掺量为30%时,固化物抗剪强度最大。通过比较图4(a)内摩擦角和黏聚力可知,黏土掺量为20%时,内摩擦角最大,根据经济效益,选择后续试验黏土掺量为20%。
由图3(b)和图4(b)可知,随着含水率增加,固化物抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角均先升高后降低。申春妮等[14]、吴琪等[15]研究表明土壤黏聚力的大小受到水膜影响,而水膜的黏聚力又关系到土壤颗粒之间的黏聚力,进而影响到土壤的力学性质。从图中可以看出,固化物含水率为16%时处于最佳饱和状态,土体表面的弱结合水形成公共水化膜,与尾砂之间形成较好的连接,抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角均为最高值。但随着含水率继续增加,颗粒之间开始存在大量的自由水,颗粒之间的吸引力逐渐减弱,固化物抗剪强度逐渐降低。
由图3(c)和图4(c)可知,CaO与水反应生成Ca(OH)2时黏结石墨尾砂,填充石墨尾砂与黏土之间的孔隙,从而促进颗粒生长和致密化,同时改变了颗粒之间的连接方式,石墨尾砂与黏土颗粒形成的骨架之间及其表面附着的结晶胶结产物逐渐增多,形成一个整体,从而使得固化物的抗剪强度增强。但过多的生石灰会导致固化物所需的含水量减少,导致石墨尾砂与黏土并不能黏结起来[16]。因此,在生石灰掺量为3%时为一个峰值,随后抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着生石灰掺量的增加而降低。
由图3(d)和图4(d)可知,聚丙烯纤维掺量存在一个峰值,为0.75%,当聚丙烯纤维掺量从0增加到0.75%时,少量纤维填充在石墨尾砂与黏土之间的孔隙中,利用空间约束效应增加了纤维增强固化物的黏聚力,内摩擦角与黏聚力随摩擦效应的加强而增大。继续掺入纤维后,纤维在石墨尾砂中聚集成团状,导致其与颗粒间的接触效应明显降低,部分区域纤维出现交织穿插现象,相互桥搭,借助石墨尾砂形成网状结构,限制结构内部颗粒的变形,纤维良好的延展性使得网状结构稳定性较好,有效增强固化物的抗变形能力,最终致使固化物黏聚力和内摩擦角减小,抗剪强度随之降低[17]。
本研究借助Design Expert 13软件的Box-Behnken进行试验方案设计,通过回归和方差分析对结果进行相应处理,以此来确定响应因子的主效应和交互效应,求得黏聚力达到最大值下的配比组合。试验设计方案如下:将黏土掺量(A)、含水率(B)和生石灰掺量(C)作为响应因子,进行响应面分析设计。共设计了17组试验,其选择原则如图5所示,黏聚力响应面设计配比方案及黏聚力试验结果见表7。其中方案1~12为析因试验,试验点位于图5立方体每条棱的中点;方案13~17用来估计试验误差,位于设计区域的中心,是基于单因素试验中获得的最佳值。
对黏聚力c作方差分析,结果见表8。
由表8可以看出,模型P<0.01,表明此模型极为显著;失拟项P=0.346 7>0.1,表明此模型失拟项差异不显著,即与试验数据进行拟合过程中非正常误差所占比例小,模型可信。黏聚力c的变异系数CV=1.12%,说明试验结果可信度较高[18]。黏聚力预测值与实际值对比如图6所示,由图6可知,复相关系数R2=0.997 1,表明实际值与预测值黏聚力拟合良好,相关程度较高。
回归方程的一次项中,因素A,B,C的P值均小于0.01,且P(A)<P(C)<P(B),说明在影响石墨尾砂固化物黏聚力的因素中,黏土掺量的影响最显著,其次是生石灰掺量,最后是含水率,可能是由于黏土掺量相较其他两种因素变化较大,且是构成固化物内部骨架导致。二次项中A2,B2,C2对黏聚力的影响均极为显著,交互项AB,BC的P值均小于0.1, AC大于0.1,且P(BC)<0.01<P(AB)<0.1,说明含水率和生石灰掺量的交互作用极为明显,黏土掺量和含水率的交互作用相对显著。
绘制各响应因子构成的响应曲面图,如图7所示。
由图7可知,各响应因子交互作用下,黏聚力响应面均向上凸起,随着各单因素掺量的增加,黏聚力均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,响应面最高点即为黏聚力最大值,其中c(BC)<c(AB)。分析认为,黏土颗粒遇水膨胀,填充石墨尾砂内部孔隙,但过多的水分子与黏土结合时,土颗粒周围吸附的水膜变厚,黏土的黏结作用降低[19]。生石灰属于无机性胶凝材料,与水发生化学反应生成氢氧化钙,对石墨尾砂固化物起到骨架作用,提高抗剪强度,相较于黏土,生石灰遇水膨胀效果明显[20]。综上得到石墨尾砂固化物最佳黏聚力配比方案,见表9,最佳预测黏聚力为9.417 3 kPa,满意度为0.982。
最佳配比方案验证结果见表10。由表10可知,3组平行试验下黏聚力平均值为9.487 kPa,与理论预测值的偏差为0.7%,表明响应面优化设计试验合理,试验结果可为相关试验提供理论依据。
利用SEM对最优掺量下固化物的微观形貌进行扫描分析,结果如图8所示。从图8可以看出,石墨尾砂的形状大多呈现片状和方块状。最优掺量下固化物微观形态如图9所示,石墨尾砂表面附着黏土颗粒,生石灰与游离的自由水生成氢氧化钙,填充孔隙,形成聚合物,石墨尾砂颗粒之间没有明显的边界,呈现出一个整体结构,使其孔隙变小,颗粒间的黏结力得到增强,这是石墨尾砂固化物抗剪强度增加的主要原因[21-24]。生石灰中的CaO进一步与水结合,生成Ca(OH)2,使结构更加致密[22],很好地分散在石墨尾砂和黏土之间,显著提高了尾砂颗粒之间的摩擦力,分散固化物形成裂隙时产生的张拉应力,一定程度上限制了裂隙发展。
(1)单因素试验表明,黏土掺量、含水率、生石灰掺量、聚丙烯纤维掺量对石墨尾砂抗剪强度的影响均先升高再降低。单因素试验所得最佳掺量组合为黏土掺量为30%,含水率为16%,生石灰掺量为3%,聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.75%。
(2)在响应面设计下的3种主要因素中,影响效果从大到小依次为黏土掺量、生石灰掺量和含水率。含水率和生石灰交互作用(BC)与黏土和含水率(AB)交互作用对石墨尾砂黏聚力的影响明显,且c(BC)<c(AB)。
(3)根据预测模型可知,当黏土掺量为29.38%、含水率为15.82%、生石灰掺量为3.59%时,黏聚力预测值为9.417 3 kPa,试验验证得到的黏聚力平均值为9.487 kPa,预测值与试验值之间的相对误差为0.7%,小于5%,验证了该响应面设计模型的可行性。
  • 黑龙江省生态环境厅科研项目(HST2022GF004)
  • 黑龙江省重点研发计划指导类科研项目(GZ20220138)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
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黑龙江省生态环境厅科研项目(HST2022GF004)
黑龙江省重点研发计划指导类科研项目(GZ20220138)
作者信息
    1.黑龙江大学 水利电力学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006
    2.黑龙江大学 寒区水利工程重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006
    3.黑龙江黑大水利工程质量检测有限公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150078
    4.黑龙江农垦科信工程质量检测有限公司,黑龙江 佳木斯市 154002

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王丹(1986—),女,河北昌黎人,高级工程师,主要从事水工结构工程研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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