Article(id=1322909464973673017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718812800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335794918, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335794918, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335794918, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335794918, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=104, endPage=119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909465166611002, articleId=1322909464973673017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Deformation and Failure Laws of Surrounding Rock in Jointed Roadway Under Dynamic Load, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to reveal the deformation and failure laws of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under dynamic load, 3DEC software was used to simulate and analyze the influences of different burial depths, peak stresses, and load frequencies on the deformation and instability characteristics of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under blasting load in a certain mine. The results show that with the increase of blasting load disturbance time, the displacement of the roof, floor, and right wall of jointed roadway firstly increases, then decreases, and finally stabilizes. The displacement of the roadway surrounding rock increases linearly with the increase of burial depth and peak stress, and the plastic zone area of the roadway surrounding rock also increases accordingly. The deformation and failure degree of the roadway surrounding rock deepen, and the most serious location is on the floor.The displacement of the roadway surrounding rock decreases linearly with the increase of load frequency, and the area of the plastic zone around the roadway slightly decreases. The influences of three factors on the deformation of roadway surrounding rock were analyzed by response surface methodology. It was found that the burial depth had the most significant impact, followed by the peak stress, and the load frequency was the smallest. The research results can provide a theoretical guidance for mine safety production.

, authors=Linlin CHEN1, 2, Zhaohui CAO2, Yu WANG2, Meifeng CAI2, Peng LI2, Zhiliu WANG3, authorsList=Linlin CHEN, Zhaohui CAO, Yu WANG, Meifeng CAI, Peng LI, Zhiliu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909482723967660, articleId=1322909464973673017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=动载作用下节理化巷道围岩变形破坏规律研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了揭示动载作用下节理化巷道围岩变形破坏规律,采用3DEC软件模拟分析了某矿山爆破荷载作用下不同埋深、应力波峰值和荷载频率对节理化巷道围岩变形及失稳破坏特征的影响规律。结果表明:随着爆破荷载扰动时间的增加,节理化巷道顶板、底板和右帮位移均先增大后减小最后趋于稳定;巷道围岩位移随埋深与应力波峰值的增加呈线性增加的趋势,巷道围岩塑性区面积也随之增加,巷道围岩变形和破坏程度加深,巷道底板的变形破坏最为严重;巷道围岩位移随荷载频率的增加呈线性减小的趋势,巷道周围的塑性区面积略有减少。通过响应面法分析了3个因素对巷道围岩变形的影响作用,发现埋深对巷道围岩变形影响最为显著,应力波峰值次之,荷载频率影响最小。研究成果可为矿山安全生产提供理论指导。

, authors=陈林林1, 2, 曹朝辉2, 王宇2, 蔡美峰2, 李鹏2, 王志留3, authorsList=陈林林, 曹朝辉, 王宇, 蔡美峰, 李鹏, 王志留, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王宇, authorNote=

陈林林(1989—),男,河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产与冲击地压灾害防治研究。E-mail:

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王宇(1985—),男,河北沧州人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与工程地质学研究。E-mail:
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2.北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083, bio={"content":"

陈林林(1989—),男,河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产与冲击地压灾害防治研究。E-mail:

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陈林林(1989—),男,河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产与冲击地压灾害防治研究。E-mail:

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Joint rock tunnel construction process of 3-D numerical simulation analysis[D]. 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caption=Schematic diagram of blasting load and layout of monitoring points, figureFileSmall=k7XpF/wC50JYs0MYSlGsZA==, figureFileBig=pQXTMe1QKnDRD6bagScEwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487786492642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爆破荷载示意图及测点布置, figureFileSmall=k7XpF/wC50JYs0MYSlGsZA==, figureFileBig=pQXTMe1QKnDRD6bagScEwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487887155939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at 200 m level (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=hQXBvIcdIzrlka0c0vyu7g==, figureFileBig=m87OqZCx0stE1TwXhSSlTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909487954264804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图3, caption=埋深200 m水平下节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=hQXBvIcdIzrlka0c0vyu7g==, figureFileBig=m87OqZCx0stE1TwXhSSlTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488025567973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at 300 m level (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=74FCDcIx7zeHeIYLyUE6Pg==, figureFileBig=WeJnGDJZTITPjrGtK7GBCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488143008486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图4, caption=埋深300 m水平下节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=74FCDcIx7zeHeIYLyUE6Pg==, figureFileBig=WeJnGDJZTITPjrGtK7GBCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488235283175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at 400 m level (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=V5xPBA4o7sO9EDydsrvUdA==, figureFileBig=8GWi2UKEEz/xAsZbmMVVeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488302392040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图5, caption=埋深400 m水平下节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=V5xPBA4o7sO9EDydsrvUdA==, figureFileBig=8GWi2UKEEz/xAsZbmMVVeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488373695209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at 500 m level (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=TNuGToPSSnQrl7yyQ8a1qg==, figureFileBig=NlNeIY+q7Pv0edIiaoVGyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488470164202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图6, caption=埋深500 m水平下节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=TNuGToPSSnQrl7yyQ8a1qg==, figureFileBig=NlNeIY+q7Pv0edIiaoVGyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488545661675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Displacement at the centers of the roof, floor and right side of the roadway under different burial depths, figureFileSmall=oE9HPA4Y4LzDhqEzyZGKvQ==, figureFileBig=FIUwt7SUi90AUo7rYF7+aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488621159148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同埋深下巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心处位移, figureFileSmall=oE9HPA4Y4LzDhqEzyZGKvQ==, figureFileBig=FIUwt7SUi90AUo7rYF7+aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488688268013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Characteristics of instability and failure of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under different burial depths, figureFileSmall=BB+CNe2qJqZpg+nl7f5ZHA==, figureFileBig=hkTHDfas0atAVPebHR9p+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488751182574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同埋深下节理化巷道围岩失稳破坏特征, figureFileSmall=BB+CNe2qJqZpg+nl7f5ZHA==, figureFileBig=hkTHDfas0atAVPebHR9p+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909488822485743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway with a peak stress of 4 MPa (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=rQ2MKUHYCXk9FMYT4hdu7A==, figureFileBig=dF+/D3BqYctPZrawsp41ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909490483430128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图9, caption=应力波峰值为4 MPa时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=rQ2MKUHYCXk9FMYT4hdu7A==, figureFileBig=dF+/D3BqYctPZrawsp41ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909490575704817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway with a peak stress of 6 MPa (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=oJT3/W/DH5IpyiKAGQ1hpg==, figureFileBig=cAMjjjz/6/cM+0+C4yswLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909490647007986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图10, caption=应力波峰值为6 MPa时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=oJT3/W/DH5IpyiKAGQ1hpg==, figureFileBig=cAMjjjz/6/cM+0+C4yswLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909490743476979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway with a peak stress of 8 MPa (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=Ey48Fq27qWU7MRmK687Ubw==, figureFileBig=VNLCADEEPcPvZ6sG1pZl6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909490869306100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图11, caption=应力波峰值为8 MPa时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=Ey48Fq27qWU7MRmK687Ubw==, figureFileBig=VNLCADEEPcPvZ6sG1pZl6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909490961580789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway with a peak stress of 10 MPa (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=VR5tmF0eJmYGpq2UiiQyAg==, figureFileBig=qzNTJsgafOQrXHxFmGp7cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491079021302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图12, caption=应力波峰值为10 MPa时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=VR5tmF0eJmYGpq2UiiQyAg==, figureFileBig=qzNTJsgafOQrXHxFmGp7cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491158713079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Displacement at the centers of the roof, floor and right wall of the roadway under different peak stresses, figureFileSmall=F2r1eW/pWOB/LmFMUZ4I/w==, figureFileBig=51G9KKic8FqqQFWTFPZI8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491234210552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同应力波峰值下巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心处位移, figureFileSmall=F2r1eW/pWOB/LmFMUZ4I/w==, figureFileBig=51G9KKic8FqqQFWTFPZI8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491318096633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Characteristics of instability and failure of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under different peak stresses, figureFileSmall=frLPdW8Qj+2KHZydMMtChQ==, figureFileBig=IRYG5xT48AHQFKkIBEMdVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491414565626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同应力波峰值下节理化巷道围岩失稳破坏特征, figureFileSmall=frLPdW8Qj+2KHZydMMtChQ==, figureFileBig=IRYG5xT48AHQFKkIBEMdVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491527811835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at a frequency of 20 Hz (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=63HtKourDBjuPBQKAMIslw==, figureFileBig=TJuSJqdaLNPzqSg0JIhT7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491603309308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图15, caption=频率20 Hz时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=63HtKourDBjuPBQKAMIslw==, figureFileBig=TJuSJqdaLNPzqSg0JIhT7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491687195389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at a frequency of 30 Hz (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=a9yqX3O6Z/3sZudssXe4Kw==, figureFileBig=577+vcTW7oh4i9QM29gIQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491800441598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图16, caption=频率30 Hz时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=a9yqX3O6Z/3sZudssXe4Kw==, figureFileBig=577+vcTW7oh4i9QM29gIQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491909493503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at a frequency of 40 Hz (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=NbwjqzztkkEMEc+yeWIWtA==, figureFileBig=FMPqMO45gEiI1YuIJAcQmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909491993379584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图17, caption=频率40 Hz时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=NbwjqzztkkEMEc+yeWIWtA==, figureFileBig=FMPqMO45gEiI1YuIJAcQmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492110820097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=Cloud maps of displacement of surrounding rock in jointed roadway at a frequency of 50 Hz (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=BQVZoStbawLROixf3yHDdg==, figureFileBig=t+XuHTp/4D4LIT5oXv1xZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492240843522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图18, caption=频率50 Hz时节理化巷道围岩位移云图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=BQVZoStbawLROixf3yHDdg==, figureFileBig=t+XuHTp/4D4LIT5oXv1xZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492354089731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=Displacement at the centers of the roof, floor and right wall of the roadway under different load frequencies, figureFileSmall=78VESYCffqRxPCyd8NvJXg==, figureFileBig=0m1dPoUE8R1tMDpenyAkAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492475724548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图19, caption=不同荷载频率下巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心处位移, figureFileSmall=78VESYCffqRxPCyd8NvJXg==, figureFileBig=0m1dPoUE8R1tMDpenyAkAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492555416325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=Characteristics of instability and failure of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under different load frequencies, figureFileSmall=aC97BR8gtaUQ6/bcpM/OXA==, figureFileBig=MbzZFOzaTLfOdLR0KBEvNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492639302406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图20, caption=不同荷载频率下节理化巷道围岩失稳破坏特征, figureFileSmall=aC97BR8gtaUQ6/bcpM/OXA==, figureFileBig=MbzZFOzaTLfOdLR0KBEvNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492727382791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Fig.21, caption=The interactive influence of multiple factors on the displacement of surrounding rocks in roadway, figureFileSmall=WJkdMBQBBYbFic0NWImMVA==, figureFileBig=IYPQQFgs+lV+dwhGKUa5VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492878377736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=图21, caption=巷道围岩位移多因素交互影响, figureFileSmall=WJkdMBQBBYbFic0NWImMVA==, figureFileBig=IYPQQFgs+lV+dwhGKUa5VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909492962263817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Simulation parameters of discrete fracture network

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
倾向倾角迹长
组别正态分布拟合参数正态分布拟合参数正态分布拟合参数
平均值/(°)标准差/(°)平均值/(°)标准差/(°)平均值/(°)标准差/(°)
1179.2810.7653.8314.26179.2810.76
2314.7611.3568.1413.51314.7611.35
), ArticleFig(id=1322909493029372682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

离散裂隙网络模拟参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
倾向倾角迹长
组别正态分布拟合参数正态分布拟合参数正态分布拟合参数
平均值/(°)标准差/(°)平均值/(°)标准差/(°)平均值/(°)标准差/(°)
1179.2810.7653.8314.26179.2810.76
2314.7611.3568.1413.51314.7611.35
), ArticleFig(id=1322909493117453067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical parameters of rock masses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg/m3)体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
2 8082.531.50.0295.5634.24
), ArticleFig(id=1322909493192950540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩体力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg/m3)体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
2 8082.531.50.0295.5634.24
), ArticleFig(id=1322909493268448013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mechanical parameters of joints

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
法向刚度/(GPa/m)切向刚度/(GPa/m)抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
8.73.470.0152.4130.26
), ArticleFig(id=1322909494950363918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

节理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
法向刚度/(GPa/m)切向刚度/(GPa/m)抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
8.73.470.0152.4130.26
), ArticleFig(id=1322909495063610127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Statistics of test plans and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号埋深A/m应力波峰值B/MPa荷载频率C/Hz右帮位移D/mm
1300104018.30
240063022.85
320063010.73
430083018.07
530083018.07
640084021.80
7200103013.33
8300102022.03
9400103024.06
1020084010.98
1140082024.21
1230083018.07
1330064015.67
1430083018.07
1530083018.07
1630062017.85
1720082013.85
), ArticleFig(id=1322909495281713936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验方案与结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号埋深A/m应力波峰值B/MPa荷载频率C/Hz右帮位移D/mm
1300104018.30
240063022.85
320063010.73
430083018.07
530083018.07
640084021.80
7200103013.33
8300102022.03
9400103024.06
1020084010.98
1140082024.21
1230083018.07
1330064015.67
1430083018.07
1530083018.07
1630062017.85
1720082013.85
), ArticleFig(id=1322909495361405713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Variance results of response surface analysis fitting regression equation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方P值备注
模型274.400930.520<0.000 1非常显著
埋深A242.3301242.330<0.000 1非常显著
应力波峰值B14.100114.100<0.000 1非常显著
荷载频率C15.650115.650<0.000 1非常显著
AB0.48010.4800.179 9—
AC0.05310.0530.637 1—
BC0.60010.6000.140 6—
A21.23011.2300.049 2显著
B20.19010.1900.381 0—
C20.14010.1400.454 5—
残差1.52070.220——
失拟1.52030.510——
总差276.22016———
), ArticleFig(id=1322909495453680402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909464973673017, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

响应面分析拟合回归方程的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方P值备注
模型274.400930.520<0.000 1非常显著
埋深A242.3301242.330<0.000 1非常显著
应力波峰值B14.100114.100<0.000 1非常显著
荷载频率C15.650115.650<0.000 1非常显著
AB0.48010.4800.179 9—
AC0.05310.0530.637 1—
BC0.60010.6000.140 6—
A21.23011.2300.049 2显著
B20.19010.1900.381 0—
C20.14010.1400.454 5—
残差1.52070.220——
失拟1.52030.510——
总差276.22016———
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动载作用下节理化巷道围岩变形破坏规律研究
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陈林林 1, 2 , 曹朝辉 2 , 王宇 2 , 蔡美峰 2 , 李鹏 2 , 王志留 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(4): 104-119
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (4) : 104 -119
动载作用下节理化巷道围岩变形破坏规律研究
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陈林林(1989—),男,河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产与冲击地压灾害防治研究。E-mail:

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陈林林(1989—),男,河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产与冲击地压灾害防治研究。E-mail:

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陈林林1, 2 , 曹朝辉2, 王宇2 , 蔡美峰2, 李鹏2, 王志留3
作者信息
  • 1.河南大有能源股份有限公司耿村煤矿,河南 三门峡市 472401
  • 2.北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 3.中原工学院 智能建造与建筑工程学院,河南 郑州 450007
通讯作者:
王宇(1985—),男,河北沧州人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与工程地质学研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

陈林林(1989—),男,河南义马人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产与冲击地压灾害防治研究。E-mail:

Deformation and Failure Laws of Surrounding Rock in Jointed Roadway Under Dynamic Load
Linlin CHEN1, 2 , Zhaohui CAO2, Yu WANG2 , Meifeng CAI2, Peng LI2, Zhiliu WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Gengcun Coal Mine, Henan Dayou Energy Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan 472401, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of High -Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3.School of Intelligent Construction and Civil Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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为了揭示动载作用下节理化巷道围岩变形破坏规律,采用3DEC软件模拟分析了某矿山爆破荷载作用下不同埋深、应力波峰值和荷载频率对节理化巷道围岩变形及失稳破坏特征的影响规律。结果表明:随着爆破荷载扰动时间的增加,节理化巷道顶板、底板和右帮位移均先增大后减小最后趋于稳定;巷道围岩位移随埋深与应力波峰值的增加呈线性增加的趋势,巷道围岩塑性区面积也随之增加,巷道围岩变形和破坏程度加深,巷道底板的变形破坏最为严重;巷道围岩位移随荷载频率的增加呈线性减小的趋势,巷道周围的塑性区面积略有减少。通过响应面法分析了3个因素对巷道围岩变形的影响作用,发现埋深对巷道围岩变形影响最为显著,应力波峰值次之,荷载频率影响最小。研究成果可为矿山安全生产提供理论指导。

爆破荷载  /  节理化巷道围岩  /  变形破坏规律  /  响应面法  /  数值模拟

In order to reveal the deformation and failure laws of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under dynamic load, 3DEC software was used to simulate and analyze the influences of different burial depths, peak stresses, and load frequencies on the deformation and instability characteristics of surrounding rock in jointed roadway under blasting load in a certain mine. The results show that with the increase of blasting load disturbance time, the displacement of the roof, floor, and right wall of jointed roadway firstly increases, then decreases, and finally stabilizes. The displacement of the roadway surrounding rock increases linearly with the increase of burial depth and peak stress, and the plastic zone area of the roadway surrounding rock also increases accordingly. The deformation and failure degree of the roadway surrounding rock deepen, and the most serious location is on the floor.The displacement of the roadway surrounding rock decreases linearly with the increase of load frequency, and the area of the plastic zone around the roadway slightly decreases. The influences of three factors on the deformation of roadway surrounding rock were analyzed by response surface methodology. It was found that the burial depth had the most significant impact, followed by the peak stress, and the load frequency was the smallest. The research results can provide a theoretical guidance for mine safety production.

Blasting load  /  Surrounding rock in jointed roadway  /  Deformation and failure law  /  Response surface methodology  /  Numerical simulation
陈林林, 曹朝辉, 王宇, 蔡美峰, 李鹏, 王志留. 动载作用下节理化巷道围岩变形破坏规律研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 104 -119 .
Linlin CHEN, Zhaohui CAO, Yu WANG, Meifeng CAI, Peng LI, Zhiliu WANG. Deformation and Failure Laws of Surrounding Rock in Jointed Roadway Under Dynamic Load[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 104 -119 .
岩体是非均质、各向异性的天然地质体,其内部随机分布不同规模和尺度的不连续结构面,如节理、裂隙、断层等[1-2]。矿山巷道围岩的力学响应特征在多方面受到围岩中的节理影响,主要表现为[3]:节理发生扩展与滑移均会增加巷道的变形程度;节理也会改变巷道围岩的应力分布模式,导致巷道围岩出现不同形式的破坏;节理与节理之间、节理与巷道之间相互影响,会使巷道围岩的力学响应特征变得更加复杂。因此,在研究巷道围岩灾变机理时需要考虑节理对巷道围岩的影响。此外,在矿山采掘过程中,巷道围岩会受到地震活动、爆破振动等动态荷载的扰动,动态扰动会导致巷道围岩内部应力状态变化,同时会造成巷道围岩中节理面扩展与滑移以及巷道围岩完整性和承载力降低,诱发冒顶、片帮等灾害事故[4]。因此,掌握爆破等动力扰动诱发节理化巷道围岩发生变形破坏的规律,对巷道支护与灾害防治具有重要意义。
近年来,爆破、地震等动力扰动作用对巷道围岩稳定性的影响受到了广泛关注,已对其开展了大量研究,取得了一批有价值的研究成果。
室内试验方面,DAI B等[5]使用霍普金森压杆装置对含孔洞岩石分别进行等幅值与不等幅值的循环冲击试验,发现与等幅值循环冲击相比,不等幅值循环冲击对岩石的损伤程度更为严重,破坏模式从横向张拉破坏到横向张拉-轴向劈裂破坏组合及轴向劈裂破坏转变。TAO M等[6]研究了不同加载速率下含椭圆孔洞花岗岩的强度特性和破坏模式,发现椭圆孔洞会引起岩体内明显的应力集中和能量累积,使其强度参数明显降低,且随着加载速率的增加,岩石的可见裂纹和破坏程度也随之增加。ZHOU X等[7]通过研究静动荷载作用下含孔洞砂岩的动力力学特性,发现砂岩平均动态模量随频率的增加而增加,随振幅的增加而减小。LI P等[8]对含硐室的节理岩体进行了动态冲击试验,研究了节理角度和冲击气压对岩体力学响应、能量演化特征及断裂行为的影响。CHEN S H等[9]采用火药型电火花起爆装置模拟巷道爆破开挖,讨论了不同地应力条件下巷道围岩爆破振动响应特征,发现随着地应力的增加,轴向和径向加速度的衰减速率在峰值处分别呈现不断增大和不断减小的趋势。QIU J D等[10]通过相似模拟试验研究了不同爆破位置对巷道围岩变形破坏特征的影响,发现当爆破位置离巷道较远时,破坏主要发生在炮孔附近,物理模型的破坏模式为锥形;当爆破位置足够接近巷道时,巷道附近岩石呈“V”形破坏。LI X H等[11]对含有巷道与贯通裂隙的试样进行了爆破试验,结果表明,巷道周围岩石断裂从裂隙尖端开始,在受到不同爆破应力扰动时,巷道周围存在贯通裂隙会造成应力集中,导致巷道发生不同断裂模式。数值模拟方面,高富强等[12]使用FLAC软件研究了动力扰动时巷道围岩力学响应特征,发现巷道顶底板应力峰值在动力扰动下随地应力值的增加而增大,顶底板竖向位移量也随之增加,从而导致巷道围岩变形严重。LI C J等[13]使用PFC软件研究了临近巷道开挖引起的卸载波对既有巷道的动力响应,发现巷道开挖引起的卸载波会对相近的既有巷道产生强烈的动力响应,并且随着卸荷时间的增加,既有巷道周围的切向应力与速度均会减小。JIA C等[14]使用FLAC软件研究了不同应力波冲击下巷道围岩的变形破坏特征,发现在应力扰动过程中,巷道顶板、底板和两帮的应力变化随时间的增加出现波动,在波动过程中出现最大值、最小值与稳定值。LIU G J等[15]基于赵楼煤矿采用UDEC软件建立了巷道结构的离散元模型,分析了矿震幅值与震源位置对巷道的影响,结果表明,矿震幅值越大,巷道破坏越严重;上部震源对巷道影响最大,其次是左侧震源与底部震源。XUE J H等[16]以淮南朱集煤矿为工程背景,通过使用UDEC软件模拟不同直接顶的厚度和强度对巷道稳定性的影响,发现直接顶越薄,动应力对巷道的影响越大,顶板强度越大,在相同动应力的影响下造成的破坏也就越大。
上述研究增强了人们对巷道围岩动态力学响应行为的认识,促进了矿山采动灾害理论研究的进步,但考虑结构面对工程巷道围岩动态变形破坏规律方面的研究仍较少。鉴于此,本文以某矿山为工程背景,对巷道围岩稳定性问题进行了有效的工程实例研究。基于地应力测量和巷道围岩结构面调查结果,采用3DEC软件建立了符合工程实际条件的节理化巷道围岩数值模型,研究了工程爆破扰动对节理化巷道围岩稳定性的劣化效应,分析了爆破冲击扰动下不同埋深、应力波峰值、荷载频率等因素对节理化巷道围岩变形与塑性区演化的影响规律,探讨了爆破扰动下节理化巷道围岩的破坏机理和失稳模式,并基于响应面法比较了各因素对巷道围岩稳定性的影响程度大小。研究结果有助于更好地认识工程爆破扰动下节理化巷道围岩动态损伤演化规律和灾变机制,为节理化巷道围岩支护设计提供有益参考。
某矿处于丘陵地区,西南区域地势较为平整,标高为34~63 m,东北区域地形起伏较大,标高为45~225 m。区内出露地层简单,主要分布新生代第四系。区内断裂构造较为发育,可分为NW、NE、近SN、近EW向四组,以NW向和NE向断裂为主,控制了区内中生代岩体和矿体的形态展布。矿区工程地质条件较复杂,围岩较破碎,节理裂隙发育、纵横交错。此外,高地应力作用显著,矿山地压显现愈发突出,巷道围岩变形、片帮、冒顶及坍塌等灾害发生的频率和强度呈上升趋势,具有一定的冲击倾向性,严重影响了巷道的稳定性。该矿正在服役的巷道在承受较高地应力的同时,还受临近工作面爆破作业等开采扰动的影响,巷道围岩出现片状剥落及局部冒顶,变形破坏问题较为严重。因此,开展节理化巷道围岩变形失稳机制方面的研究对保障该矿安全生产具有重要的实际意义。
在实际工程中,研究岩体力学状态需要注意块体的变形情况,在离散元计算中,将块体划分为具有四面体网格的变形体,计算的精度取决于网格的数量。
在进行数值模拟的过程中,将复杂的变形体划分为四面体网格单元,这些单元的顶点称为网格差分点,顶点速度可以通过式(1)和式(2)计算:
式中:为块体单元速度;t0为时间;Δt为时间步长;Fi为四面体单元上施加的合力;m为离散块体的质量;为四面体内部的单元应力;为子接触力;为外部施加在块体上的力。
对于变形体来说,子接触面的合速度可以由式(3)计算:
式中:x、y、z为顶点的坐标;Wx、Wy、Wz均为权重因子;为子接触面的合速度;,,分别为块体在x、y、z方向上的相对速度。
子接触面的相对位移增量及其法向、切向位移增量为:
式中:ΔUi为子接触面的相对位移增量;Vi为子接触面的速度;为法向位移增量;Ui为法向位移;为切向位移增量;ΔUj为块体j的相对位移增量;ni为块体i的单位法向量;nj为块体j的单位法向量。
弹性力的增量通常用块体接触面的位移增量来表示。法向应力、切向应力的增量可通过式(5)计算:
式中:ΔFn为法向应力增量;为切向应力增量;Kn、Ks分别为接触面的法向刚度与切向刚度;Ac为子接触面的面积。
随着运算的进行,块体总的法向应力和切向应力分别为:
式中:为块体接触面的总法向应力;为块体接触面的总切向应力。
通过3DEC软件中的DFN功能建立节理岩体模型,DFN生成的节理是符合一定分布规律的裂隙圆盘。基于对优势结构面的统计与分析(见表1),生成节理空间位置服从均匀分布、节理产状服从正态分布、尺寸服从正态分布的离散裂隙网络。
建立离散裂隙网络需要确定建模所需节理参数概率模型。由结构面调查分析结果可知,该矿岩体含有165.38°∠58.49°和317.23°∠80.12°两个优势节理组;对其产状和间距等参数进行概率分布,发现倾向、倾角为正态分布;由频数分布发现节理迹长、圆盘直径的概率分布为正态分布,位置符合均匀分布。
确定优势节理面各参数的概率分布规律后,使用3DEC生成离散裂隙网络。由于现有设备条件有限,在离散裂隙网络模型中,对于整体的影响微乎其微的节理可以忽略不计。本文将尺寸小于0.1 m的节理进行删除与合并,不属于节理集中群集的节理选择简化。简化后的岩体离散裂隙网络模型如图1(a)所示。结合该矿巷道实际工况,构建尺寸为30 m×10 m×30 m的节理岩体模型,如图1(b)所示,巷道尺寸为4.0 m×3.2 m。
矿山开采深部矿体时,原岩应力的影响不可忽略,参考同类矿山地应力测量结果对边界应力进行约束,最大水平主应力σhmax、最小水平主应力σhmin及垂直应力σv的计算公式如下:
式中,H为埋深。
静力计算在考虑自重条件下开挖巷道,使用位移约束模型的四周及底部。在本构模型选取中,初始平衡计算采用弹性模型,开挖与爆破荷载动力计算采用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,节理面接触为Coulombslip模型。动力计算采用局部阻尼,阻尼系数为0.157,设置模型单元尺寸为1.0 m。在节理岩体模型的右侧进行扰动,爆破荷载参考文献[3]介绍的波形加载,如图2(a)所示,动力响应时间设定为0.10 s。为减少动力计算时模型边界对应力波的反射,将模型的四周设置为自由边界,模型顶部和底部为可以有效吸收入射波的黏性边界。
为分析开挖以及爆破荷载扰动后节理巷道围岩变形特征和破坏规律,在巷道顶板中心、底板中心和右帮中心点处设置监测点,监测点位置如图2(b)所示。根据监测结果对节理巷道围岩稳定性影响因素进行分析,研究开挖与爆破扰动对巷道围岩的影响情况。
实际工程中的岩体内部含有不同发育程度的节理,为较好地探究节理对岩体强度的影响,采用Hoek-Brown公式计算岩体力学参数,再将Hoek-Brown公式计算所得的岩体力学参数转换为折减后的Mohr-Coulomb准则,其表达式为:
式中:σ1、σ3分别为最大主应力和最小主应力;φ和c分别为岩石的内摩擦角和黏聚力;fs为应力判别指标,当fs>0时,岩石将受剪破坏。在拉应力状态下,如果岩石所受拉应力超过岩石本身的抗拉强度,岩石将会受拉破坏。
基于地质强度指标GSI和岩体强度特征因子a等参数,获得Hoek-Brown准则如下:
式中:mb为反映岩石材料的常量;σc为岩石单轴抗压强度;s为反映岩体破碎程度的常量;mi为反映岩石材料的常量;GSI为地质强度指标,一般取GSI=RMR-5;a为岩体强度特征因子。
根据Hoek-Brown破坏准则,可以通过式(13)计算折减后的岩体抗压强度σcm:
式中,q为岩体的特性参数,其值一般为1.2~2.0。
假设岩石的单轴、双轴抗拉强度相近,则取σ1=σ3=σtm,岩体抗拉强度σtm折减计算公式为:
岩体弹性模量Em折减计算公式为:
式中,RMR76为1976年RMR分级评分。
岩体抗剪强度参数折减时,Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则按最大与最小主应力的线性关系可表示为:
式中:k为和间线性关系的斜率;岩体的黏聚力c′和内摩擦角φ′计算如下:
根据Hoek-Brown折减方法,计算该矿的岩体力学参数,得到的节理化巷道围岩岩体力学参数见表2。在3DEC软件中,对节理参数没有统一的取值标准,且较难根据试验确定节理参数,通常是根据工程经验来近似确定。本文的节理力学参数取值方法参考文献[17]的计算公式,获得的节理力学参数见表3。
为了研究爆破荷载扰动下巷道围岩的变形与破坏特征,选择埋深、应力波峰值、荷载频率这3个影响节理化巷道围岩稳定性的因素进行单因素影响分析。
该矿矿体埋深延伸至地下500 m以下,目前开采深度在200 m左右,未来计划开采埋深200 m以下的深部资源。为了探究不同埋深条件下节理化巷道围岩位移与塑性区的动态响应变化规律,数值模拟方案设定巷道埋深分别为200 m、300 m、400 m和500 m,应力波峰值为8 MPa,应力波频率为20 Hz,应力波形设定为正半弦波,动力计算时间为0.10 s。
图3至图6为不同埋深条件下爆破荷载扰动后节理化巷道围岩水平与垂直位移云图。由云图可知,当埋深为200 m时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板发生沉降,最大沉降量为8.58 mm,巷道底板发生底鼓,最大隆起量为10.85 mm,巷道右帮向内挤压,最大挤压量为13.85 mm。当埋深为300 m时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板下沉、底板底鼓和右帮挤压引起的变形量相较于埋深为200 m时大幅度增加,分别为15.59 mm、20.33 mm和20.06 mm。当埋深为400 m时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板、底板和右帮的变形特征基本与埋深为200 m和300 m时的情况一致,变形量分别为20.06 mm、25.39 mm和24.21 mm。当埋深为500 m时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板、底板最大竖向位移量和右帮最大水平位移量分别为22.22 mm、27.85 mm和29.32 mm,相对于埋深200 m时分别增长了158.97%、156.68%和111.70%。由此可见,在相同动载作用下,随着巷道埋深的增加,巷道顶板下沉量、帮部向内挤压变形量及底板底鼓量均逐渐增大。
图7(a)至图7(c)为不同埋深条件下3个监测点的最大位移量随时间的变化曲线,位移均为绝对值。由图7可知,随着埋深的增加,巷道顶板中心处、底板中心处和右帮中心处最大位移量也不断增大。当埋深从200 m增加至500 m时,巷道顶板、底板中心处的竖向位移增量和巷道右帮中心处的水平位移增量分别达到169.57%、176.31%和109.22%。随着动力响应时间的增加,巷道围岩位移变化可大致分为三个阶段:第一阶段主要表现为巷道围岩位移增加,当应力扰动较小时,巷道位移呈现缓慢增长的趋势,随着应力的增加与传递,位移快速增加直至达到最大;第二阶段主要表现为巷道围岩位移减小,应力不断衰减致使巷道附近应力随时间的增加不断减小,因此巷道围岩位移也不断减小;第三阶段表现为巷道围岩位移发生波动最终趋于稳定,由于巷道围岩附近存在残余应力,巷道围岩位移也随之波动,当岩体基本完成动力响应时,位移也趋于稳定。
对巷道顶板、底板的竖向位移和巷道右帮的水平位移与埋深的关系进行线性拟合,如图7(d)所示,相关性系数分别为0.935, 0.996和0.954,巷道顶板、底板和右帮的位移量随埋深的增加呈现出线性增加的趋势。此外,通过对比3条曲线的斜率可知,巷道底板的变形受埋深的影响更大。这是由于节理的存在降低了巷道底板处围岩的稳定性,当受到外力扰动时巷道底板响应更为敏感。随着埋深的增加,底板处的围岩沿节理面发生滑移的程度更加显著,因此需要制定有效的支护方案抑制底板发生较大变形。
图8为不同埋深条件下爆破荷载扰动后节理化巷道围岩的破坏特征。由图8可知,各埋深条件下的巷道围岩破坏特征大致相同,随着埋深的增加,巷道围岩的破坏程度愈加严重,巷道周围区域主要为受剪破坏,局部出现拉-剪共同作用破坏和受拉破坏,在巷道围岩深处主要为受剪破坏。巷道顶板、底板与两帮周围塑性破坏面积随埋深的增加而增加,当埋深为200 m、300 m、400 m和500 m时,巷道顶板塑性区最大深度分别为1.76 m、2.39 m、2.41 m和2.47 m,巷道底板最大深度分别为2.08 m、3.12 m、3.15 m和3.2 m。当埋深从200 m增加至300 m时,巷道顶底板塑性区最大深度快速增加,之后随埋深增加变化不明显,这与巷道围岩位移云图所表现的规律一致。
同时可以发现,在巷道围岩深处存在一些较小的剪切破坏区域,且其破坏方向多为右上向左下倾斜,这与现场调查的优势结构面走向一致,其原因为巷道右帮受到爆破扰动后,岩体沿节理方向发生的滑移和在节理尖端形成的裂纹共同引起剪切破坏。当埋深增大时,剪切破坏区域也不断增加,表明巷道围岩发生破坏的塑性区范围受节理的发育情况和动力扰动的强度共同作用。结合水平和垂直位移云图可知,巷道围岩的变形和破坏随着原岩应力的不同而出现不同的变形和破坏特征,水平应力造成的整体向内挤压是导致两帮收敛和底板底鼓的重要原因,对巷道围岩的变形程度和塑性区分布范围具有决定作用。
由此可知,在巷道围岩节理较为发育的情况下,巷道围岩的完整性会受到破坏,其整体强度与稳定性大幅度下降,尤其是较大节理的存在会使得巷道围岩在爆破扰动后更容易沿节理面产生滑移,塑性区也随之增大。同时,由于节理的切割使得巷道临空面出现大小不均的块体,在爆破扰动后更容易被挤压弹出,形成较为破坏的区域。因此为防止巷道右帮发生片帮剥落和底板发生底鼓,应对巷道中节理发育区域进行有效支护。
为了探究不同应力波峰值条件下爆破扰动对节理化巷道围岩位移与塑性区的动态响应演化规律,数值模拟研究方案设应力波峰值分别为4 MPa、6 MPa、8 MPa和10 MPa,埋深为300 m,荷载频率为20 Hz,应力波形设定为正半弦波,动力计算时间为0.10 s。
图9至图12为不同应力波峰值下爆破扰动后节理化巷道围岩的位移云图。由图中可以看出,当应力波峰值为4 MPa时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板发生沉降,最大沉降量为12.04 mm,巷道底板发生底鼓,最大隆起量为15.07 mm,巷道右帮向内挤压变形,最大内挤量为15.86 mm。当应力波峰值为6 MPa时,爆破荷载作用后,巷道顶板、底板和右帮的变形特征与峰值应力为4 MPa时一致,位移值分别为14.61 mm、18.56 mm和17.85 mm。当应力波峰值为8 MPa时,爆破荷载扰动后,巷道顶板、底板和右帮向临空面的位移量分别为15.59 mm、20.33 mm和20.06 mm,相较于应力波峰值为4 MPa时分别增加了29.5%、34.9%和26.5%。当应力波峰值为10 MPa时,爆破荷载扰动后,巷道顶板、底板和右帮向临空面的位移分别是16.77 mm、21.54 mm和22.03 mm。
根据上述分析可知,随着应力波峰值的增加,巷道顶板、底板和巷道右帮均向临空面发生位移,位移量也不断增加,但不同位置的变化特征也各有差异,巷道底板和巷道右帮变形相对较大。这是由于爆破扰动后会产生能量的传递,能量的释放总是倾向于较为薄弱的区域,导致应力更为集中。对于迎爆破扰动的右侧处节理会最先受到影响,巷道右侧的块体沿节理方向产生滑移。此外,巷道围岩位移具有明显的分区特征,远离巷道临空面的围岩受到扰动的影响逐渐减小,变形量也随之减小。
图13(a)至图13(c)为3个监测点最大位移量随时间的变化曲线,位移为绝对值。由图13可知,在不同应力波峰值条件下,巷道顶板中心处、底板中心处和右帮中心处的位移变化趋势一致,位移随应力作用时间的增加呈先增加后减小再趋于稳定的趋势,这与不同埋深条件下的变形特征一致。当应力波峰值增加时,巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心处的竖向位移和水平位移也不断增加。当应力波峰值从4 MPa增加至10 MPa时,巷道顶板中心处、巷道底板中心处与巷道右帮中心处的位移从11.18 mm、15.76 mm和15.34 mm分别增加至16.49 mm、21.13 mm和21.38 mm,增长率分别为47.50%、34.07%和39.37%。图13(d)为巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心位移与应力波峰值的关系曲线。3条拟合曲线的相关性系数分别为 0.909, 0.991和 0.905,表明巷道顶板、底板和右帮变形量随应力波峰值的增加呈线性增长的趋势,通过应力波峰值与位移量拟合曲线可知,随着应力波峰值的增加,巷道右帮在爆破扰动下的响应更为敏感。
图14为不同应力波峰值下爆破荷载扰动后节理化巷道围岩的破坏特征。巷道围岩的破坏原因主要为受拉破坏、受剪破坏和受拉-剪共同作用。当应力波峰值为4 MPa、6 MPa、8 MPa和10 MPa时,巷道顶板塑性区最大深度分别为1.86 m、2.19 m、2.39 m和2.57 m;巷道底板塑性区最大深度分别为2.33 m、3.18 m、3.12 m和3.23 m。爆破扰动和地应力的同时作用导致巷道围岩进一步破坏,巷道围岩周围的塑性区大小在不同位置各有差异,巷道右侧塑性区的面积比左侧稍大,这是由于巷道右帮直接受应力扰动,破坏程度更为严重。巷道底板处的塑性区面积较大,由前文进行的结构面调查结果和生成的离散裂隙网络可知,巷道底板下的节理较为发育且长度较大,这将对岩石的变形和破坏造成很大的影响。由于优势节理的存在,巷道底板被节理切割为较为破碎的块体,围岩强度大幅度降低,当受到应力扰动时,巷道底板下的软弱结构面容易发生扩展与滑移,导致巷道底板沿节理面发生滑移与破坏。此外,随着应力波峰值的增加,巷道围岩的塑性区面积随应力波峰值的增加而增加,但增加量有限。因此可知,巷道底鼓是由于底板处的岩体受节理的影响完整性大幅度降低,底板强度较两帮及顶板强度较低,从而在挤压作用下产生底鼓,破碎的底板强度与顶板和两帮强度相差较大时,更容易产生底鼓。
为探究不同荷载频率条件下,爆破扰动对节理化巷道围岩位移与塑性区的动态响应演化规律,数值模拟研究方案设定荷载频率分别为20 Hz、30 Hz、40 Hz和50 Hz,埋深为300 m,应力波峰值为8 MPa,应力波形设定为正半弦波,动力计算时间为0.10 s。
图15至图18为不同荷载频率条件下爆破荷载扰动后节理化巷道围岩的变形情况。由图可知,当加载频率为20 Hz时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板发生沉降,最大沉降量为15.59 mm,巷道底板发生底鼓,最大隆起量为20.33 mm,巷道右帮向内发生挤压,最大挤压量为20.06 mm。当加载频率为30 Hz时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板、底板和右帮的变形值与频率为20 Hz时的变形量相比略有减小,分别为15.51 mm、19.46 mm和18.07 mm。当荷载频率为40 Hz时,爆破荷载扰动后巷道顶板、底板和右帮的变形特征与频率为20 Hz和30 Hz时一致,其值分别为15.11 mm、18.69 mm和16.95 mm。当荷载频率为50 Hz时,爆破荷载作用后巷道顶板、底板和右帮均向临空面位移,其值分别为14.60 mm、18.00 mm和16.28 mm。可以看出,距巷道临空面越远,巷道围岩变形越小,这与不同埋深和不同应力波峰值条件下的巷道围岩变形趋势一致。
图19(a)至图19(c)为3个监测点的最大位移量随时间的变化曲线,位移均为绝对值。由图19可知,巷道顶板中心位移、巷道底板中心位移与巷道右帮中心位移均随时间的增加先增加后减小再趋于稳定,这与不同埋深和不同应力波峰值的变化规律一致。当荷载频率从20 Hz增加到50 Hz时,巷道顶板和底板中心位处的最大竖向位移量和巷道右帮中心处的最大水平位移量分别从15.68 mm、20.63 mm与19.82 mm减小至14.38 mm、17.88 mm、15.61 mm,减少率分别为8.3%、13.3%和21.2%。同时可以发现,随着加载频率的增加,巷道顶板、底板中心处监测点的位移-时间曲线较为接近,而巷道右帮中心处监测点的位移-时间曲线略有差异,这说明不同频率下巷道顶板和底板受荷载频率扰动的影响较小。图19(d)为巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心位移量与荷载频率的拟合曲线,相关性系数分别为0.975, 0.926和0.914,这表明巷道顶板、底板和右帮中心位移量与荷载频率呈线性关系,变形量随着荷载频率的增加而减小。荷载频率对巷道右帮中心位移的影响最大,这是由于巷道右帮直接受到爆破扰动,频率减小时,爆破扰动的时间也随之减小,因此巷道右帮更容易变形。
图20为不同荷载频率下爆破荷载扰动后节理化巷道围岩的塑性区分布云图。节理化巷道围岩受到应力扰动时会在软弱节理处发生应力集中,当应力集中区域的围岩应力超过其所能承受的最大强度时,发生塑性破坏和滑移破坏。爆破扰动后,巷道右侧直接受到扰动,导致巷道右侧的塑性区面积大于巷道左侧;巷道底板塑性区面积最大,这是由于巷道底板处岩体的完整性较差,巷道底板被严重劣化,在爆破扰动和地应力的综合作用下巷道底板周围塑性区破坏极大。当荷载频率为20 Hz、30 Hz、40 HZ和50 Hz时,巷道顶板塑性区最大深度分别为2.39 m、2.41 m、2.40 m和2.07 m;巷道底板塑性区最大深度分别为3.12 m、3.20 m、3.22 m和2.51 m,可以看出,巷道顶板、底板处的塑性区最大深度在20~40 Hz时变化不大,在50 Hz时大幅度降低,同时巷道围岩深处的剪切破坏区域也呈现相同的趋势,这说明当动力扰动较小时,不利于岩体沿节理面滑移。
影响巷道稳定性的因素十分复杂,这些因素并不是单独存在而是综合作用的。因此,本文采用响应面法研究各因素对巷道围岩的影响。为使分析过程不过于复杂,选用较为简单的响应面函数与较少的不确定系数。
基于前文,选取埋深、应力波峰值和荷载频率作为巷道围岩稳定性的影响因素并进行分析,根据Design-Ecpert试验设计软件中Box-Behnken的试验原理,进行巷道围岩稳定性的三因素三水平响应面分析试验,通过巷道右帮中心水平位移量对各影响因素进行考察,方案设计和响应值见表4。采用二次方程模型进行拟合,以巷道右帮位移量D为响应值,经分析得到各因子和响应值的响应面函数为:
各影响因素对巷道右帮位移量影响的显著程度可以利用P值反映,当P<0.05时,巷道右帮位移量受该因素影响显著;当P<0.000 1时,巷道右帮位移量受该因素影响非常显著。对式(20)回归模型进行分析,结果见表5。由表5可知,回归模型影响效果非常显著。
巷道围岩位移多因素交互影响响应面曲线如图21所示。
当埋深一定时,应力波峰值与荷载频率对巷道右帮位移量影响较小;当应力波峰值和荷载频率一定时,随着埋深的增加,巷道右帮位移量均明显增大。可见,埋深对巷道右帮位移量的影响程度大于应力波峰值和荷载频率的影响。图21(c)表征应力波峰值与荷载频率对巷道围岩右帮位移量的交互影响情况,当应力波峰值一定时,巷道右帮位移量随荷载频率的增加而减小;当荷载频率一定时,巷道右帮位移量随应力波峰值的增加而增加,且应力波峰值对巷道右帮位移的影响较大。
(1)研究了不同埋深、应力波峰值与荷载频率下节理化巷道围岩的变形规律与破坏特征,结果表明,在不同影响因素下巷道围岩均向临空面发生位移,巷道围岩呈现出明显的分区特点,围岩变形随与临空面距离的增加而减小,巷道围岩破坏模式主要为剪切破坏、拉伸破坏与拉-剪共同破坏三种。爆破荷载扰动下节理化巷道围岩的变形随动力作用时间的增加,先增大后减小最后趋于稳定。
(2)在爆破扰动作用下,当埋深从200 m增加至500 m时,巷道顶板、底板中心的竖向位移增量和巷道右帮中心的水平位移增量分别达到169.57%、176.31%和109.22%;巷道顶板塑性区最大深度分别为1.76 m、2.39 m、2.41 m和2.47 m,巷道底板最大深度为2.08 m、3.12 m、3.15 m和3.20 m。随着埋深的增加,巷道围岩变形和破坏程度加深,其中底板围岩变形破坏最为严重,这是由于随着埋深的增加,巷道围岩所承受的原岩应力也不断增大,且底板处的节理较为发育,在原岩应力与爆破扰动的共同作用下促使巷道底板围岩沿节理面发生滑移破坏,出现较大的变形与塑性区。
(3)当应力波峰值从4 MPa增加至10 MPa时,巷道顶板中心、巷道底板中心与巷道右帮中心的位移从11.18 mm、15.76 mm和15.34 mm分别增加至16.49 mm、21.13 mm和21.38 mm,增长率分别为47.50%、34.07%和39.37%;巷道顶板塑性区最大深度分别为1.86 m、2.19 m、2.39 m和2.57 m;巷道底板塑性区最大深度分别为2.33 m、3.18 m、3.12 m和3.23 m。随着应力峰值的增加,巷道围岩位移和塑性区面积随之增加,当爆破荷载扰动后,巷道围岩深处岩体沿着节理方向发生剪切破坏。
(4)当荷载频率从20 Hz增加至50 Hz时,巷道顶板、底板中心的最大竖向位移量和巷道右帮中心的最大水平位移量分别从15.68 mm、20.63 mm与19.82 mm减小至14.38 mm、17.88 mm、15.61 mm,减少率分别为8.3%、13.3%和21.2%;巷道顶板塑性区最大深度分别为2.39 m、2.41 m、2.40 m和2.07 m,巷道底板塑性区最大深度分别为3.12 m、3.20 m、3.22 m和2.51 m。随着荷载频率的增加,巷道围岩变形呈不断减小的趋势,其中不同荷载频率下巷道顶板和底板的位移变化不显著,巷道周围的塑性区面积略有减少,但减少量有限。
(5)采用响应面法分析了不同埋深、应力波峰值和荷载频率对巷道围岩变形的影响,这3个因素对巷道围岩变形的影响程度从大到小依次为埋深、应力波峰值、荷载频率。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004601)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52204084)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004601)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52204084)
作者信息
    1.河南大有能源股份有限公司耿村煤矿,河南 三门峡市 472401
    2.北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
    3.中原工学院 智能建造与建筑工程学院,河南 郑州 450007

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王宇(1985—),男,河北沧州人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与工程地质学研究。E-mail:
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