Article(id=1322909439866577108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715011200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335788932, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335788932, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335788932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335788932, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=96, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909442303467733, articleId=1322909439866577108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimization Study on Hole Network Parameters of Fan-Shaped Medium-Deep Hole Blasting, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

After conducting fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting in underground metal mines, a series of problems such as roof collapse, hanging roof, and high block rate are prone to occur, which have certain safety hazards and high costs of secondary crushing. It is necessary to optimize the hole network parameters of the fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting in order to ensure the uniformity of blasting blocks and the safety of the blasting operation surface. Based on the analysis of the blasting funnel test results for a fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting with a diameter of 89 mm in a Russian mine, the reasonable ranges of hole network parameters were determined as follows, hole bottom distance of 2.8−3.2 m and row spacing of 2.3−2.5 m. Subsequently, ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software was used to calculate and analyze the blasting models with different hole bottom distances, and the optimal hole bottom distance was determined to be 2.6−2.8 m. The optimized hole network parameters were used for on-site industrial testing, and after blasting, the fragmentation of the mining area was uniform, the roof stability was good, and the overall blasting effect was good.

, authors=Yazhou GU1, 2, 3, Chuang LI1, 2, 3, Nanhai CHEN2, 4, Guohong ZHONG2, 4, Zhichao TANG2, 4, authorsList=Yazhou GU, Chuang LI, Nanhai CHEN, Guohong ZHONG, Zhichao TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909452831170808, articleId=1322909439866577108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数优化研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

地下金属矿山扇形中深孔爆破后易出现矿岩顶板垮落、悬顶及大块率高等问题,具有一定的安全隐患,且二次破碎成本较高。为保证爆破块度均匀及爆破作业面的安全,非常有必要对扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数进行优化研究。针对俄罗斯某矿炮孔直径为89 mm的扇形中深孔爆破,通过分析爆破漏斗试验结果,得出孔网参数的合理范围:孔底距2.8~3.2 m,排距2.3~2.5 m。随后采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对不同孔底距的爆破模型进行计算分析,得出最优孔底距为2.6~2.8 m。采用优化后的孔网参数进行现场工业试验,爆破后采场爆破块度均匀,顶板稳定性较好,整体爆破效果良好。

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谷亚州(1996—),男,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师,主要从事采矿与爆破方面的研究。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=wkbbEh33MUYX4JqSgItjag==, figureFileBig=7ZkBIZ6RiTLQfu7P2JHDqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909460846485812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=CN, label=图3, caption=-40 m分段YN1沿脉联络巷道试验地点, figureFileSmall=wkbbEh33MUYX4JqSgItjag==, figureFileBig=7ZkBIZ6RiTLQfu7P2JHDqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909460917788981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The funnel outline of the multi-hole simultaneous blasting, figureFileSmall=lbQt9XKxqXMEU31GL/ZrZQ==, figureFileBig=dWGefjW5kzJsytiE/TYa9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909460989092150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=CN, label=图4, caption=多孔同段爆破漏斗轮廓, figureFileSmall=lbQt9XKxqXMEU31GL/ZrZQ==, figureFileBig=dWGefjW5kzJsytiE/TYa9w==, tableContent=null), 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The results of multi-hole simultaneous blasting test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号炮孔编号药包埋深/m炮孔间距/m炸药单耗/(kg/t)爆破块度情况描述
17#~8#0.61.130.358块度较小,均匀。
28#~9#0.61.310.366块度均匀,基本无大块。
39#~10#0.61.510.453块度较小,崩落量很少。
), ArticleFig(id=1322909463996408134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

多孔同段爆破试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号炮孔编号药包埋深/m炮孔间距/m炸药单耗/(kg/t)爆破块度情况描述
17#~8#0.61.130.358块度较小,均匀。
28#~9#0.61.310.366块度均匀,基本无大块。
39#~10#0.61.510.453块度较小,崩落量很少。
), ArticleFig(id=1322909464076099911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The results of slope bench blasting test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号孔深/m倾角/(°)装药长度/m装药量/kg每米炮孔装药量/kg堵塞长度/m爆开处抵抗线/m
斜11.8401.41.61.1430.41.00
斜21.8411.41.61.1430.40.90
斜31.8401.41.61.1430.41.12
斜41.8401.41.61.1430.41.02
斜51.8461.41.61.1430.40.85
斜61.8401.41.61.1430.41.10
平均值1.8—1.41.61.1430.40.998
), ArticleFig(id=1322909464155791688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

斜面台阶爆破试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号孔深/m倾角/(°)装药长度/m装药量/kg每米炮孔装药量/kg堵塞长度/m爆开处抵抗线/m
斜11.8401.41.61.1430.41.00
斜21.8411.41.61.1430.40.90
斜31.8401.41.61.1430.41.12
斜41.8401.41.61.1430.41.02
斜51.8461.41.61.1430.40.85
斜61.8401.41.61.1430.41.10
平均值1.8—1.41.61.1430.40.998
), ArticleFig(id=1322909464231289161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Recommended hole network parameters for fan-shaped deep hole rock drilling and blasting

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孔径/mm排距/m孔底距/m炸药单耗/(kg/t)
892.3~2.52.8~3.20.38~0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1322909464306786634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

推荐的扇形中深孔凿岩爆破孔网参数

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孔径/mm排距/m孔底距/m炸药单耗/(kg/t)
892.3~2.52.8~3.20.38~0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1322909464386478411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Statistical of effective stress peak at monitoring points in each hole bottom distance model

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孔底距a/m监测点有效应力峰值/MPa岩石是否发生破坏
2.2A159.52是
B266.49是
C95.76是
D122.07是
2.4A130.46是
B249.78是
C82.35否
D101.00是
2.6A118.27是
B231.80是
C81.65否
D86.91否
2.8A104.00是
B203.00是
C85.20否
D85.40否
3.0A92.24否
B180.60是
C84.98否
D87.38否
3.2A85.18否
B162.06是
C83.67否
D85.42否
), ArticleFig(id=1322909464558444876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909439866577108, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各孔底距模型监测点有效应力峰值统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔底距a/m监测点有效应力峰值/MPa岩石是否发生破坏
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C81.65否
D86.91否
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C85.20否
D85.40否
3.0A92.24否
B180.60是
C84.98否
D87.38否
3.2A85.18否
B162.06是
C83.67否
D85.42否
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谷亚州 1, 2, 3 , 李闯 1, 2, 3 , 陈南海 2, 4 , 钟国鸿 2, 4 , 唐志超 2, 4
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(4): 96-103
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (4) : 96 -103
扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数优化研究
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谷亚州(1996—),男,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师,主要从事采矿与爆破方面的研究。E-mail:

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谷亚州(1996—),男,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师,主要从事采矿与爆破方面的研究。E-mail:

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谷亚州1, 2, 3 , 李闯1, 2, 3, 陈南海2, 4, 钟国鸿2, 4, 唐志超2, 4
作者信息
  • 1.低品位难处理黄金资源综合利用国家重点实验室,福建 上杭县 364204
  • 2.紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建 上杭县 364200
  • 3.紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司,湖南 长沙 410036
  • 4.龙兴有限责任公司,图瓦共和国克孜勒 667000
作者简介:

谷亚州(1996—),男,河南驻马店人,硕士,工程师,主要从事采矿与爆破方面的研究。E-mail:

Optimization Study on Hole Network Parameters of Fan-Shaped Medium-Deep Hole Blasting
Yazhou GU1, 2, 3 , Chuang LI1, 2, 3, Nanhai CHEN2, 4, Guohong ZHONG2, 4, Zhichao TANG2, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Low-grade Refractory Gold Ores, Shanghang County, Fujian 364204, China
  • 2.Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., Shanghang County, Fujian 364200, China
  • 3.Zijin (Changsha) Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410036, China
  • 4.Longxing Co., Ltd., Kyzyl 667000, Tyva Republic, Russia
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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地下金属矿山扇形中深孔爆破后易出现矿岩顶板垮落、悬顶及大块率高等问题,具有一定的安全隐患,且二次破碎成本较高。为保证爆破块度均匀及爆破作业面的安全,非常有必要对扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数进行优化研究。针对俄罗斯某矿炮孔直径为89 mm的扇形中深孔爆破,通过分析爆破漏斗试验结果,得出孔网参数的合理范围:孔底距2.8~3.2 m,排距2.3~2.5 m。随后采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对不同孔底距的爆破模型进行计算分析,得出最优孔底距为2.6~2.8 m。采用优化后的孔网参数进行现场工业试验,爆破后采场爆破块度均匀,顶板稳定性较好,整体爆破效果良好。

扇形中深孔爆破  /  爆破漏斗试验  /  孔网参数  /  孔底距  /  数值模拟

After conducting fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting in underground metal mines, a series of problems such as roof collapse, hanging roof, and high block rate are prone to occur, which have certain safety hazards and high costs of secondary crushing. It is necessary to optimize the hole network parameters of the fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting in order to ensure the uniformity of blasting blocks and the safety of the blasting operation surface. Based on the analysis of the blasting funnel test results for a fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting with a diameter of 89 mm in a Russian mine, the reasonable ranges of hole network parameters were determined as follows, hole bottom distance of 2.8−3.2 m and row spacing of 2.3−2.5 m. Subsequently, ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software was used to calculate and analyze the blasting models with different hole bottom distances, and the optimal hole bottom distance was determined to be 2.6−2.8 m. The optimized hole network parameters were used for on-site industrial testing, and after blasting, the fragmentation of the mining area was uniform, the roof stability was good, and the overall blasting effect was good.

Fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting  /  Blasting funnel test  /  Hole network parameter  /  Hole bottom distance  /  Numerical simulation
谷亚州, 李闯, 陈南海, 钟国鸿, 唐志超. 扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数优化研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 96 -103 .
Yazhou GU, Chuang LI, Nanhai CHEN, Guohong ZHONG, Zhichao TANG. Optimization Study on Hole Network Parameters of Fan-Shaped Medium-Deep Hole Blasting[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 96 -103 .
扇形中深孔爆破相较于浅孔爆破存在很多优势[1-3],回采效率高、一次爆破的矿量多、作业条件好,但炸药爆破范围的控制也更加困难。孔网参数决定了爆破时炸药能量的分布,若炸药能量分布不均,很容易出现矿岩大块、顶板垮落或悬顶、超采或欠采等一系列问题[4]。降低扇形中深孔爆破的大块率及控制爆破作业工作面的安全,是当下亟需解决的重要问题。
文兴等[5]通过开展爆破漏斗试验,对深部采场大直径深孔爆破的参数进行了分析和优化,取得了良好的爆破效果,矿石块度均匀。陈帮洪等[6]利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟了不同围岩地应力条件下的岩石爆破效果,对首采进路/首排炮孔爆破参数进行优化后,使得崩落矿石块度较均匀,眉线破坏情况得到改善。殷锦训等[7]运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对不同孔网参数的中深孔爆破过程进行数值模拟计算,确定了三鑫金铜矿扇形中深孔爆破的最优孔网参数。王海亮等[8]通过爆破漏斗试验,并结合ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件,分别建立不同药包埋深、炮孔间距的爆破模型,研究爆破漏斗的响应特征及损伤状态,确定了爆破参数。
本文以俄罗斯某矿为研究背景,通过爆破漏斗试验,得出扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数合理范围,并通过数值模拟与现场工业试验,确定了最优扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数。
俄罗斯某矿矿体分布于规模巨大的矿化蚀变带中,主矿体厚度由几米到几十米,倾角变化大,矿体产状不规整,分支复合现象明显,矿体形态变化较大。主矿体呈透镜状,沿走向矿体中部厚大,两端呈脉状。矿体走向近东西,倾角为30°~80°,走向长900 m。矿石密度为3.7 t/m3、围岩密度为2.737 t/m3。围岩主要有绿泥石绢云母石英片岩、凝灰岩、玄武岩三种。矿体自身稳定性较好。矿体下盘直接围岩多为几米至几十米的绿泥石片岩;上盘围岩主要为凝灰岩,局部为绿泥石片岩。绿泥石片岩遇水易泥化,稳定性差。
在-60 m分段的N13进路及N21进路、-40 m分段的YN1沿脉联络巷道内进行试验。试验巷道及试验炮孔布置见图1、图2和图3。
爆破漏斗试验[9-10]炮孔孔径设计为40 mm。
(1)单漏斗爆破试验。在-60 m分段N13进路内布置了6个炮孔,炮孔深度分别为:0.7 m、0.8 m、0.9 m、1.0 m、1.1 m、1.2 m。
(2)多孔同段爆破漏斗试验。以最佳爆破漏斗半径1.5倍、1.75倍、2.0倍、2.25倍、2.5倍的孔间距进行多孔同段爆破,在-60 m分段N21进路内布置1组6个孔。
(3)斜面台阶爆破试验。设计炮孔深1.8 m,角度在40°~45°左右,抵抗线为0.3~1.4 m。炮孔装药长度为1.4 m左右。在-40 m分段布置4个炮孔,−60 m分段布置2个炮孔。
爆破漏斗试验采用阿莫尼特炸药,导爆管雷管孔底反向起爆。
单漏斗爆破试验和多孔同段爆破漏斗试验每孔1卷直径为32 mm的炸药,装药长度0.4 m,装药质量为400 g。
根据单漏斗爆破试验结果,得出药包临界埋深Le为1.2 m;2#孔(孔深0.8 m)爆破漏斗半径最大,为0.75 m。
最佳药包中心埋深:Lj=0.6 m。
最佳药包中心埋深比:Δj=Lj/Le≈0.5。
最佳爆破漏斗半径:Rj=0.75 m。
炮孔深0.8 m,炮孔间距为1.13 m、1.31 m、1.51 m、1.66 m和1.88 m。
多孔同段爆破试验炮孔中的7#孔与8#孔间、8#孔与9#孔间没有孔间脊柱,而9#孔与10#孔间留有较明显的孔间脊柱。爆破漏斗轮廓见图4,试验结果见表1。
在试验条件下,最佳孔底距为1.31 m,此时炸药单耗为0.366 kg/t。
-40 m分段YN1沿脉联络巷道共爆破4个炮孔,-60 m分段N13进路共爆破2个炮孔,试验情况及结果见表2。
根据斜面台阶爆破试验情况分析,爆破块度均匀。从表2中的平均值可以得到,在试验条件下,−40 m、−60 m分段每米炮孔装药量为1.143 kg,药包爆开处的抵抗线(最佳抵抗线)为0.998 m。
本次试验采用阿莫尼特炸药,爆速为5 000~5 500 m/s,实际生产中使用的颗粒硝铵炸药爆速为4 000~4 500 m/s,炸药威力转换系数取1.05~1.15。故本次试验研究推荐的扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数见表3。
针对俄罗斯某矿炮孔直径为89 mm的扇形中深孔爆破,矿山在现场采用表3推荐的扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数进行了工业试验。该参数下采场爆破效果不太稳定,采场爆破后矿岩的块度不均匀,大块率较高,堵塞出矿口,甚至出现特大块,需要进行二次破碎,如图5所示。而且,采场时常发生悬顶情况,回采作业面安全性较差,需要在相邻进路进行补孔爆破。
孔网参数决定了爆破时炸药能量的分布,炸药能量过于集中容易引起顶板垮落;而炸药能量过于分散可能导致矿岩大块率高和顶板悬顶,无法有效破岩。前期工业试验出现的矿岩块度不均匀,大块较多以及悬顶情况,经现场研究判断为孔底距过大。因此,通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对不同孔底距的爆破进行了模拟计算和优化。
本文将采用软件模拟不同孔底距下的爆破效果,并根据模拟计算结果优选出最佳孔底距。根据爆破漏斗试验初步确定孔底距为2.8~3.2 m。由于前期工业试验爆破效果较差,孔底距过大,确定模型孔底距分别为2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2 m。
为简化计算,取扇形孔平排剖面上的两个孔,建立对称模型[11-12],同时只以上部5 m作为研究对象建立网格模型并进行数值计算。模型及监测点布置如图6所示。
在孔底距数值模拟中,通过ANSYS建立实体模型,并划分准二维网格模型[13],模型大小为10 m×5 m×0.04 m,孔底距a分别为2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2 m。模型左侧设置对称边界条件,上下及右侧设置无反射边界条件[14],单位制采用kg−m−s。
扇形中深孔爆破中,相邻两孔孔底的连线中心点为爆破薄弱点[15],若不能有效破坏,则会出现大块、悬顶等,因此在孔底距模型中的孔底连线及中心点上布置A、B两个监测点。同时,为保证施工时炮孔不打穿上分段、不破坏采场顶板,需要准确测量分段高度,并精确控制炮孔长度。根据孔径及炮孔位置不同,孔底预留0.5~1 m距离保护采场顶板不被破坏,因此在孔底上部0.5 m处也布置C、D两个监测点。
模型中矿石选用混凝土本构模型,炸药选用高能材料本构模型[16],设置爆破模拟的求解时间为2 ms。
孔底距模型爆破没有设置自由面,岩体主要表现为压缩破坏,采用Von Mises屈服准则对岩石的破坏特征进行分析,通过将监测点处的有效应力峰值与矿岩动态抗压强度进行对比,分析爆破破坏规律。有效应力峰值大于矿岩动态抗压强度,则说明此处岩石被有效破碎,否则无法进行有效破岩。
描述岩石动态抗压强度与静态抗压强度之间关系的经验公式[17]见式(1):
式中:[σcd]、[σc]分别为岩石的动态抗压强度与静态抗压强度,MPa;̇为加载应变率,岩石的加载应变率通常在1~100 000 s-1范围内[18],在粉碎区取值为,在粉碎区外取值为。矿岩单轴抗压强度为43.40 MPa,取岩石的加载应变率为10 s-1,最后确定矿岩的动态抗压强度为93.50 MPa。
不同孔底距模型爆炸应力波传播过程及规律基本相同,以孔底距为2.8 m的模型爆炸应力波传播过程为例进行分析及说明,各个关键时刻的爆炸应力云图如图7所示。由图7可以得出,孔底距数值模型的爆炸应力波传播过程中,在t=0.1 ms时刻,炮孔底部炸药起爆后形成了爆炸应力波,并以球形状向外围传播;在t=0.4 ms和t=0.7 ms时刻,两炮孔形成的爆炸应力波在孔间相遇,并产生叠加,此外,爆轰应力波也在逐步朝着孔口方向传递,并引爆孔内炸药;在t=1.1 ms时刻,爆炸应力波传递至孔口附近自由面,并产生反射,同时可以看出由于两孔爆炸应力波叠加效应,炮孔间的爆炸应力值明显比炮孔两侧大。
各孔底距模型中应力监测点的有效应力时程曲线如图8所示,监测点有效应力峰值统计见表4。
通过图8可以看出,由于监测点B距离炮孔最近,爆炸应力波最先到达,应力峰值最大,监测点C距离炮孔最远,爆炸应力波最后到达,应力峰值普遍较小。将6种孔底距模型监测点有效应力峰值进行统计,判断各监测点处岩石是否发生破坏,结果见表4。
对表4中A、B两个监测点的应力峰值进行分析,可以看出在孔底距分别为2.2 m、2.4 m、2.6 m和2.8 m的模型中,A、B两点应力峰值均能达到岩石动态抗拉强度,表明孔间岩石能够得到有效破碎,岩石破碎效果好。在孔底距为3.0 m和3.2 m的两个模型中,B点附近岩石均能够达到破碎条件,但A点应力峰值分别为92.24 MPa和85.18 MPa,均小于矿岩动态抗压强度93.50 MPa,说明这两种方案会造成两孔孔底连线中心部分岩石难以充分破碎,容易产生大块,破岩效果差。综上分析,从破岩效果方面考虑,应排除孔底距为3.0 m和3.2 m的模型。
对表4中C、D两个监测点的应力峰值进行分析,可以看出在孔底距为2.2 m的模型中,C、D两点有效应力峰值均大于矿岩动态抗压强度;在孔底距为2.4 m模型中,D点有效应力峰值大于矿岩动态抗压强度。由于孔底距较小,爆炸能量作用相对更为集中,对爆后顶板的破坏大,极易降低顶板围岩稳定性及完整性。在孔底距分别为2.6 m、2.8 m、3.0 m、3.2 m的模型中,C、D两点的有效应力峰值均小于矿岩动态抗压强度93.50 MPa;随着孔底距的增大,炮孔间爆炸应力波叠加效应减少,孔底上方0.5 m处顶板矿岩的爆炸应力峰值没有达到破岩条件,因此可以有效保护顶板围岩的稳定性及完整性,为采场回采安全提供重要保障。综上分析,从顶板围岩保护效果方面考虑,应排除孔底距为2.2 m和2.4 m的两个模型。
综合破岩效果和顶板围岩保护效果两方面考虑,孔底距为2.6 m和2.8 m的两个模型中A、B两点有效应力峰值大于矿岩动态抗压强度93.50 MPa,能够达到较好的破岩效果;C、D两点有效应力峰值均小于矿岩动态抗压强度93.50 MPa,能够有效保护顶板围岩的完整性,因此,最优孔底距为2.6~2.8 m。
根据爆破漏斗试验及数值模拟结果,确定最优孔底距a为2.6~2.8 m,再根据“大孔距小抵抗线”原理,确定最小抵抗线(排距)w为2.3~2.5 m。由于前期工业试验爆破效果较差,大块较多,此次现场工业试验选取较小的参数,即孔底距a=2.6 m,最小抵抗线(排距)w=2.3 m。
采用优化后的孔网参数在−40 m分段3−2#矿体采场进行现场工业试验,如图9、图10所示。
对采场爆破块度情况进行分析,结果见图11。图中,D50代表爆区有50%的颗粒粒径小于该粒径,PAR表示分析处理的颗粒数量,B表示曲线的起伏程度,SPH代表总的颗粒平均球度或长宽比,N表示均匀度系数,N越大代表粒度越均匀。
由图11可知,将优化后的扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数应用于现场工业试验,爆破后爆区块度在21.50 mm以下的占比为0.64%,粉矿率较低;爆区碎块直径小于133.70 mm的占比为50%;处理的碎块个数和曲线的起伏程度分别为2 399和3.56;碎块的平均球度为0.68;爆区矿岩块度的均匀度系数为1.97,矿岩块度分布较为均匀,没有出现直径大于1 m的块体。通过现场观察,采场顶板稳定性较好,未出现爆破超挖,整体爆破效果良好。
(1)针对俄罗斯某矿炮孔直径为89 mm的扇形中深孔爆破,通过分析爆破漏斗试验结果,得出扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数的合理范围:孔底距2.8~3.2 m,排距2.3~2.5 m。
(2)在孔底距数值模拟优化中,当孔底距a≥3.0 m时,难以有效破碎孔间岩石;当孔底距a≤2.4 m时,爆破作用对采场顶板的破坏较大,因此最优孔底距为2.6~2.8 m。
(3)将优化后的扇形中深孔爆破孔网参数应用于现场工业试验,爆破后采场爆破块度均匀,采场顶板稳定性较好,整体爆破效果良好。

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  • 接收时间:2024-05-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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    1.低品位难处理黄金资源综合利用国家重点实验室,福建 上杭县 364204
    2.紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建 上杭县 364200
    3.紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司,湖南 长沙 410036
    4.龙兴有限责任公司,图瓦共和国克孜勒 667000
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