Article(id=1322909430089646379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716220800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335786602, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335786602, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335786602, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335786602, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=55, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909430307750188, articleId=1322909430089646379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Filling Slurry with Steel Slag and Unclassified Tailings, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the rheological properties of filling slurry with steel slag and unclassified tailings under different proportioning conditions, rheological tests were conducted using the controlled shear rate method, and the effects of mass concentration, cement-sand ratio, and steel slag content on the rheological properties of the slurry were analyzed. The interaction among mass concentration, cement-sand ratio, and steel slag content on the rheological properties of slurry was investigated using the central composite design response surface method.The results show that the mass concentration has the most significant effect on the yield stress and viscosity, and with the increase of mass concentration, the yield stress and viscosity show a power function growth law. The steel slag content reduces the viscosity and yield stress of the slurry, significantly improving its flowability. When the steel slag content is increased from 0 to 25%, the yield stress decreases by 85.43% and the viscosity decreases by 53.83%. For the interaction of various influencing factors, the interaction between mass concentration and steel slag content has the most significant effect on yield stress and viscosity. The increase of steel slag content promotes the influence degree of mass concentration on rheological parameters, that is, as the steel slag content increases, the influence of mass concentration on yield stress and viscosity gradually increases. Parameter optimization shows that when the mass concentration is 60%, the steel slag content is 30 %, and the cement-sand ratio is 1:8, the yield stress and viscosity of the slurry are the smallest, and the flowability is the highest.

, authors=Zhenlin XUE1, 2, Kun ZHANG1, 2, Deqing GAN1, 2, Zhiyi LIU1, 2, Xu GUAN1, authorsList=Zhenlin XUE, Kun ZHANG, Deqing GAN, Zhiyi LIU, Xu GUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909434728546637, articleId=1322909430089646379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆流变特性试验研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探明不同配比条件下钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆的流变特性,采用控制剪切速率法开展了充填料浆流变试验,分析了质量浓度、灰砂比和钢渣掺量对料浆流变特性的影响,通过中心复合设计响应曲面法,探究了质量浓度、灰砂比和钢渣掺量对料浆流变特性的交互作用。结果表明:质量浓度对屈服应力和黏度的影响最显著,随着质量浓度的增加,屈服应力和黏度呈幂函数增长规律。钢渣的掺入降低了料浆的黏度与屈服应力,显著提升了料浆的流动性,钢渣掺量由0提升至25%时,屈服应力下降85.43%,黏度下降53.83%。对于各影响因素的交互作用,质量浓度与钢渣掺量对屈服应力和黏度的交互作用影响最显著,钢渣掺量的增加促进质量浓度对流变参数的影响程度,即随着钢渣掺量的增加,质量浓度对屈服应力和黏度的影响逐渐增大。参数寻优表明,当质量浓度为60%、钢渣掺量为30%、灰砂比为1∶8时,料浆屈服应力和黏度最小,流动性最高。

, authors=薛振林1, 2, 张坤1, 2, 甘德清1, 2, 刘志义1, 2, 管旭1, authorsList=薛振林, 张坤, 甘德清, 刘志义, 管旭, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张坤, authorNote=

薛振林(1987—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张坤(2000—),男,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:
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薛振林(1987—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:

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薛振林(1987—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:

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Proportion of main composition of steel slag

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CaOFe2O3SiO2Al2O3MgOMnOTiO2P2O5SO3
47.45718.16113.4906.3845.2823.3611.8041.1351.048
V2O5Na2OCr2O3ClK2OZrO2ZnOSrO
0.8180.3840.2150.1960.1780.0340.0280.025
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钢渣主要成分占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CaOFe2O3SiO2Al2O3MgOMnOTiO2P2O5SO3
47.45718.16113.4906.3845.2823.3611.8041.1351.048
V2O5Na2OCr2O3ClK2OZrO2ZnOSrO
0.8180.3840.2150.1960.1780.0340.0280.025
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Factors and levels of response surface design

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水平编码灰砂比质量浓度/%钢渣掺量/%
-11∶86020
01∶66225
11∶46430
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响应面设计因素及水平

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水平编码灰砂比质量浓度/%钢渣掺量/%
-11∶86020
01∶66225
11∶46430
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钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆流变特性试验研究
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薛振林 1, 2 , 张坤 1, 2 , 甘德清 1, 2 , 刘志义 1, 2 , 管旭 1
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(4): 55-62
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (4) : 55 -62
钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆流变特性试验研究
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薛振林(1987—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:

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薛振林1, 2 , 张坤1, 2 , 甘德清1, 2, 刘志义1, 2, 管旭1
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063200
  • 2.河北省矿山绿色智能开采技术创新中心,河北 唐山市 063200
通讯作者:
张坤(2000—),男,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

薛振林(1987—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Filling Slurry with Steel Slag and Unclassified Tailings
Zhenlin XUE1, 2 , Kun ZHANG1, 2 , Deqing GAN1, 2, Zhiyi LIU1, 2, Xu GUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063200, China
  • 2.Mine Green Intelligent Mining Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Tangshan, Hebei 063200, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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为探明不同配比条件下钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆的流变特性,采用控制剪切速率法开展了充填料浆流变试验,分析了质量浓度、灰砂比和钢渣掺量对料浆流变特性的影响,通过中心复合设计响应曲面法,探究了质量浓度、灰砂比和钢渣掺量对料浆流变特性的交互作用。结果表明:质量浓度对屈服应力和黏度的影响最显著,随着质量浓度的增加,屈服应力和黏度呈幂函数增长规律。钢渣的掺入降低了料浆的黏度与屈服应力,显著提升了料浆的流动性,钢渣掺量由0提升至25%时,屈服应力下降85.43%,黏度下降53.83%。对于各影响因素的交互作用,质量浓度与钢渣掺量对屈服应力和黏度的交互作用影响最显著,钢渣掺量的增加促进质量浓度对流变参数的影响程度,即随着钢渣掺量的增加,质量浓度对屈服应力和黏度的影响逐渐增大。参数寻优表明,当质量浓度为60%、钢渣掺量为30%、灰砂比为1∶8时,料浆屈服应力和黏度最小,流动性最高。

钢渣-全尾砂  /  充填料浆  /  质量浓度  /  流变特性  /  交互作用  /  响应面法

To investigate the rheological properties of filling slurry with steel slag and unclassified tailings under different proportioning conditions, rheological tests were conducted using the controlled shear rate method, and the effects of mass concentration, cement-sand ratio, and steel slag content on the rheological properties of the slurry were analyzed. The interaction among mass concentration, cement-sand ratio, and steel slag content on the rheological properties of slurry was investigated using the central composite design response surface method.The results show that the mass concentration has the most significant effect on the yield stress and viscosity, and with the increase of mass concentration, the yield stress and viscosity show a power function growth law. The steel slag content reduces the viscosity and yield stress of the slurry, significantly improving its flowability. When the steel slag content is increased from 0 to 25%, the yield stress decreases by 85.43% and the viscosity decreases by 53.83%. For the interaction of various influencing factors, the interaction between mass concentration and steel slag content has the most significant effect on yield stress and viscosity. The increase of steel slag content promotes the influence degree of mass concentration on rheological parameters, that is, as the steel slag content increases, the influence of mass concentration on yield stress and viscosity gradually increases. Parameter optimization shows that when the mass concentration is 60%, the steel slag content is 30 %, and the cement-sand ratio is 1:8, the yield stress and viscosity of the slurry are the smallest, and the flowability is the highest.

Steel slag and unclassified tailings  /  Filling slurry  /  Mass concentration  /  Rheological property  /  Interaction  /  Response surface method
薛振林, 张坤, 甘德清, 刘志义, 管旭. 钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆流变特性试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 55 -62 .
Zhenlin XUE, Kun ZHANG, Deqing GAN, Zhiyi LIU, Xu GUAN. Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Filling Slurry with Steel Slag and Unclassified Tailings[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 55 -62 .
随着矿产资源的不断开发,矿山固废日益增多[1]。尾矿是我国年产量较大的固废,常以尾矿库形式进行储存,这不仅严重污染了矿山的生态环境,而且给人身财产安全带来安全隐患[2-3]。近年来,国家对于环境的要求逐渐提高,因而充填采矿法得到较大的发展。充填采矿法将尾矿等固体废弃物回填到井下空区[4-5],能较好地控制采场地压,解决了矿山岩层塌陷的问题[6]。在充填过程中,管道输送是一个重要环节,充填料浆的运输效率是评价矿山充填工艺的重要指标之一。
充填料浆的流变行为是影响充填料浆运输效率的主要因素之一,了解料浆的流变特性是保证料浆顺利输送的重要前提[7-9]。料浆流变特性的影响因素众多,国内外学者对充填料浆的流变特性的影响因素开展了大量的研究[10-12]。马昆林等[13]通过对料浆流变特性的研究发现:粉煤灰掺量较低时,剪切应力和剪切速率呈线性相关,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,剪切应力和剪切速率逐渐呈非线性相关。谢友均等[14]通过对水泥浆体的研究发现,料浆的流变特性存在剪切变稀和剪切增稠两个方面,增加粉煤灰掺量会对料浆剪切增稠起到促进作用。徐文彬等[15]通过煤矸石料浆流变特性试验发现,煤矸石料浆的流变过程是多个模型相互结合的复合特征的表现。刘泉声等[16]通过对水泥浆液流变特性的研究发现,料浆的剪切应力会随着静置时间的增加而增加,且随着温度的升高,静置时间对剪切应力的作用会增加。KRETSE等[17]通过探究充填料浆的流变特性发现,温度会增加充填料浆的屈服应力和黏度。BOGER等[18]基于料浆测试的基本原理和方法提出了低屈服应力和高屈服应力的概念。BAUER等[19]采用浆式流变仪研究流变特性,发现浆式流变仪的测试结果更加准确。WU等[20]通过对充填料浆流变特性的研究发现,温度和水泥含量的增加,均会增大料浆的剪切应力和黏度。目前对于充填料浆的流变研究多集中在粗尾砂,对于细尾砂充填料浆的流变性能研究偏少。
钢渣作为一种添加剂可以提升充填体的强度,近年逐渐得到重视。冯正等[21]研究了电解猛渣和钢渣对浆液流动度和抗压强度的影响,结果表明,电解猛渣和钢渣质量比为5∶2时,充填体抗压强度最大。冯胜杰等[22]研究钢渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏等固废对充填体强度的影响,结果表明,钢渣微粉胶结体的28 d强度大于同龄期脱硫石膏胶结体的强度。目前的研究多集中在充填体强度,对钢渣-全尾砂料浆流变特性的研究未见报道。
本研究以钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆为研究对象,利用旋转流变仪开展充填料浆流变试验,采用控制剪切速率法测定灰砂比、质量浓度和钢渣掺量对充填料浆流变特性的影响。结合响应曲面法,分析了这些因素对充填料浆流变特性的敏感性顺序,揭示钢渣对充填料浆流变特性的影响机理,从而实现钢渣的回收利用,提高钢渣的无害化处理,降低充填料浆的生产成本。
通过对钢渣进行XRF测试分析,得到试验所用钢渣主要成分占比见表1。该钢渣含有一定的硅酸盐等氧化物,并在高温下形成类似玻璃的物质[23],稳定性较高,具有微弱的胶凝活性。
采用激光粒度分析仪对细粒级尾砂的颗粒尺寸分布进行了检测分析。对尾砂样品进行激光衍射并获得其平均粒度分布曲线,通过对散射光强度进行测量,从而实现对颗粒样品粒度的精准测量,结果如图1所示。
尾砂的粒径主要集中在0.36~77.17 μm之间,粒径平均值为14.58 μm,属于细尾砂。曲率系数公式见式(1),不均匀系数公式见式(2)。
式中:Cc代表曲率系数;Cu代表不均匀系数;d10、d30、d60分别表示径尾砂颗粒累计质量占比为10%、30%和60%时的粒径值。
经计算可得:曲率系数Cc=1.066,介于1~3之间;不均匀系数Cu=7.33,大于5。尾砂的级配优良。
本次试验选用HAAKES系列流变仪、螺旋浆式转子和圆柱形套筒,其外径和内径分别为45.00 mm和37.50 mm。
分别配制灰砂比为1∶4、1∶6和1∶8,质量浓度为60%、61%、62%、63%、64%,钢渣掺量为0、20%、25%、30%的充填料浆。运用控制仪器剪切速率的方法(CR法)测定不同灰砂比、不同质量浓度、不同钢渣掺量的充填料浆的剪切应力,并控制室温在(16±2)℃以下。试验时,按配比称取尾砂、钢渣掺量、水泥及水,并搅拌1 min,使料浆混合均匀,再移到流变仪套筒内,固定转子高度开始流变测试。
选取3个灰砂比(1∶4、1∶6和1∶8), 3个质量浓度(60%、62%和64%),以及3个钢渣掺量(20%、25%和30%)做响应面试验,试验设计见表2。
随机选取两组试验数据进行分析,发现剪切速率与剪切应力具有较好的线性关系,符合宾汉姆模型,其通式如下:
式中:τ为剪切应力,Pa;τy为屈服应力,Pa;η为黏度,Pa·s;γ为剪切速率,m·s-1。
利用宾汉姆流变模型对料浆进行剪切速率和剪切应力的拟合,拟合结果见图2。各组拟合结果的相关系数均大于0.95,拟合效果较好。因此,钢渣-全尾砂充填料浆流变性可通过分析屈服应力和黏度两个流变参数进行量化表征。
以钢渣掺量为变量,随机选取3组试验数据分析钢渣掺量对料浆屈服应力和黏度的影响,如图3和图4所示。由图3可知,随着钢渣掺量的增加,屈服应力近似呈线性函数减小规律,且随着钢渣掺量增加,钢渣掺量对屈服应力的影响小幅度降低。在灰砂比为1∶8、质量浓度为64%的条件下,当钢渣掺量由20%增加到25%时,屈服应力降低了15.814 Pa,钢渣掺量由25%增加到30%时,屈服应力降低了9.591 Pa,如图4所示。随着钢渣掺量的增加,黏度呈指数降低,随着钢渣掺量的增加,黏度下降的速度逐渐增加。在质量浓度为64%、灰砂比为1∶8的条件下,当钢渣掺量由20%增加到25%时,黏度下降了0.107 Pa·s,钢渣掺量由25%增加到30%时,黏度下降了0.172 Pa·s,由此可知,随着钢渣掺量的增加,黏度下降的速度越来越大。
随着钢渣掺量的增加,料浆黏度呈指数下降,而屈服应力呈线性函数下降。由此可知,钢渣掺量较小时,钢渣掺量对屈服应力的影响大于对黏度的影响,随着钢渣掺量的增加,钢渣掺量对黏度的影响逐渐超过对屈服应力的影响。这主要是因为钢渣掺量较少时,钢渣颗粒与尾砂颗粒混合较均匀,致使料浆中的细颗粒含量降低,屈服应力和黏度降低,随着钢渣掺量的逐渐增加,钢渣颗粒与尾砂颗粒之间的填充更紧密,产生“颗粒絮凝团”[24],致使黏度下降速度增加,逐渐超过屈服应力下降的速度。随着钢渣掺量的增加,屈服应力和黏度降低,料浆的流动性增强。
以质量浓度为变量,随机选取3组试验数据分析质量浓度对料浆的屈服应力和黏度的影响,如图5和图6所示。随着质量浓度的增加,屈服应力和黏度呈幂函数增长规律,质量浓度越大,屈服应力和黏度的增幅越大。在钢渣掺量20%、灰砂比为1∶4的条件下,当质量浓度由60%上升到61%时,屈服应力和黏度分别增加了6.02 Pa和0.077 Pa·s。质量浓度由63%上升到64%时屈服应力和黏度分别增加了15.294 Pa和0.109 Pa·s。质量浓度由63%到64%时屈应力和黏度的增加量远大于质量浓度由60%到61%时的增加量,由此可见,质量浓度越大,对屈服应力和黏度的影响也就越大。质量浓度对屈服应力的影响远大于对黏度的影响,质量浓度由60%上升到61%时,屈服应力和黏度增幅分别为50.17%和20.1%,而质量浓度由63%上升到64%时,增幅分别为38.24%和16.15%,可以看出,质量浓度对屈服应力的影响远大于对黏度的影响。
质量浓度增加时,颗粒间的相互作用增强,颗粒之间的摩擦力和静电排斥力变大,导致料浆的屈服应力和黏度增加,料浆的流动性降低。
以灰砂比为变量,随机选取3个试验数据分析灰砂比对屈服应力和黏度的影响,如图7和图8所示。随着灰砂比增大,屈服应力和黏度也增大,灰砂比对屈服应力的影响近似呈线性增加。在质量浓度为64%、钢渣掺量为20%的条件下,当灰砂比由1∶8增加到1∶6时,屈服应力增加9.453 Pa,灰砂比由1∶6增加到1∶4时,屈服应力增加8.486 Pa。随着灰砂比的增大,灰砂比对黏度的影响也越来越大,当灰砂比由1∶8增加到1∶6时,黏度增加0.027 Pa·s,灰砂比由1∶6增加到1∶4时,黏度增加0.04 Pa·s,灰砂比由1∶6增加到1∶4时黏度的增大值远大于灰砂比由1∶8增加到1∶6时的增大值,因此灰砂比越大,灰砂比对黏度的影响越大。
灰砂比增加时,水泥的含量增加,水泥颗粒与尾砂颗粒之间的接触面积增加,料浆中颗粒间的空隙减少,剩余水分的浸润能力减弱,料浆中形成更多的水泥胶体,增强了颗粒之间的黏结力,料浆的黏聚力增加,屈服应力和黏度增加,料浆的流动性降低。
采用Design-Expert软件对20组试验数据进行多元二项式拟合,得到黏度和屈服应力的回归模型:
式中:x1代表灰砂比;x2代表料浆质量浓度,%;x3代表钢渣掺量,%;y1代表黏度,Pa·s;y2代表屈服应力,Pa。
由式(4)可知,单因素对黏度的影响从大到小依次为质量浓度、钢渣掺量、灰砂比;多因素对黏度的影响从大到小依次为交互项质量浓度和钢渣掺量、交互项灰砂比和质量浓度、交互项灰砂比和钢渣掺量。
由式(5)可知,单因素对屈服应力的影响从大到小依次为质量浓度、钢渣掺量、灰砂比;多因素对屈服应力的影响从大到小依次为交互项质量浓度和钢渣掺量、交互项灰砂比和质量浓度、交互项灰砂比和钢渣掺量,与对黏度的影响一致。
质量浓度和钢渣掺量对屈服应力和黏度的交互作用如图9所示。
由图9(a)可知,料浆质量浓度较小时,随着钢渣掺量的增加,屈服应力呈缓慢降低的趋势。随着质量浓度的增大,由钢渣掺量引起的屈服应力降低速度变大。当灰砂比为1∶4、质量浓度为60%时,随着钢渣掺量由20%增加到30%,屈服应力降低了13.92 Pa;当灰砂比1∶4、质量浓度64%时,随着钢渣掺量由20%增加到30%,屈服应力降低了28.14 Pa,说明增加质量浓度会增加钢渣掺量对屈服应力的影响;当灰砂比为1∶4、钢渣掺量为20%时,随着质量浓度由60%上升到64%,屈服应力的增幅为216%;当灰砂比为1∶4、钢渣掺量为30%时,随着质量浓度由60%上升到64%,屈服应力增幅可达509%,说明钢渣掺量越大,质量浓度对屈服应力增幅的影响越大,质量浓度和钢渣掺量对屈服应力的交互作用比较显著。
由图9(b)可以看出,料浆质量浓度较小时,随着钢渣掺量的增加,黏度呈缓慢降低的趋势。随着质量浓度的增大,钢渣掺量对黏度的影响程度变大。当灰砂比为1∶4、质量浓度为60%时,随着钢渣掺量由20%提升到30%,黏度降低了0.094 Pa·s;当灰砂比为1∶4、质量浓度为64%时,随着钢渣掺量由20%提升到30%,黏度降低了0.215 Pa·s,说明增加质量浓度会增加钢渣掺量对黏度的影响。当灰砂比为1∶4、钢渣掺量为20%,质量浓度由60%上升到64%时,黏度的增幅为69.7%;当灰砂比为1∶4、钢渣掺量为30%,质量浓度由60%上升到64%时,黏度的增幅达到96.9%,说明钢渣掺量越大,质量浓度对黏度增幅的影响越大,质量浓度和钢渣掺量对黏度的交互作用比较显著。
钢渣掺量和灰砂比对屈服应力和黏度的交互作用如图10所示。由图10(a)可以看出,当灰砂比从1∶8升到1∶4时,钢渣掺量对屈服应力的影响很小;当钢渣掺量由20%增加到30%时,灰砂比对屈服应力的影响也很小。当质量浓度为64%,灰砂比为1∶8,钢渣掺量从20%到30%时,屈服应力降低了24.842 Pa,当灰砂比为1∶4时,屈服应力降低了28.140 Pa;当质量浓度为64%,钢渣掺量为20%,灰砂比由1∶8上升到1∶4时,屈服应力增加了20.129 Pa,当钢渣掺量为30%时,屈服应力增加了16.831 Pa。由此可见,灰砂比和钢渣掺量对屈服应力的交互作用很小。
由图10(b)可以看出,当灰砂比由1∶8增加到1∶4时,钢渣掺量对黏度的影响很小;当钢渣掺量从20%到30%时,灰砂比对黏度的影响也很小。当质量浓度为64%、灰砂比为1∶8时,钢渣掺量从20%提高到30%时,黏度降低了0.296 Pa·s,当灰砂比为1∶4时,黏度降低了0.215 Pa·s;当质量浓度为64%、钢渣掺量为20%时,灰砂比由1∶8上升到1∶4时,黏度增加了0.047 Pa·s,当钢渣掺量30%时,屈服应力增加了0.024 Pa·s。由此可见,灰砂比和钢渣掺量对黏度的交互作用不显著。
质量浓度和灰砂比对屈服应力和黏度的交互作用如图11所示。由图11(a)可以看出,质量浓度较小时,灰砂比对屈服应力的影响较小;随着质量浓度的逐渐增大,灰砂比对屈服应力的影响逐渐显现。当质量浓度为60%、钢渣掺量为20%时,灰砂比由1∶8上升到1∶4时,屈服应力上升了4.326 Pa;当质量浓度为64%、钢渣掺量为20%时,灰砂比由1∶8上升到1∶4时,屈服应力上升了9.453 Pa。由此可见,增加质量浓度可以增大灰砂比对屈服应力的影响,灰砂比和质量浓度对屈服应力的交互作用较显著。
由图11(b)可以看出,灰砂比较小时,随着质量浓度的增大,黏度呈缓慢升高的趋势;随着灰砂比的增加,当质量浓度的增大时,黏度的增加速度基本不变。当灰砂比为1∶8、钢渣掺量为20%时,质量浓度由60%上升到64%时,黏度增加了0.409 Pa·s;当灰砂比为1∶4、钢渣掺量为20%时,质量浓度由60%上升到64%时,黏度增加了0.401 Pa·s,可见,灰砂比增大时,质量浓度对黏度的影响很小。质量浓度较小时,灰砂比对黏度的影响较小,随着质量浓度的逐渐增大,灰砂比对黏度的影响略有升高。当质量浓度为60%、钢渣掺量为20%时,灰砂比由1∶8提高到1∶4时,黏度增加了0.035 Pa·s;而当质量浓度为64%,黏度增加了0.047 Pa·s,由此可见,当灰砂比增大时,质量浓度对黏度的影响略有增加,但变化很小。不管是提高灰砂比还是提高质量浓度均会导致料浆的黏度提高,但是增加速度比较缓慢,灰砂比和质量浓度对黏度的交互作用不显著。
(1)单因素对屈服应力和黏度的影响敏感性从大到小依次为质量浓度、钢渣掺量、灰砂比,质量浓度的影响最显著。屈服应力和黏度随质量浓度的增加呈幂函数增加,屈服应力随钢渣掺量的增加呈线性函数下降,黏度随钢渣掺量的增加呈指数下降。
(2)料浆质量浓度、钢渣掺量和灰砂比对料浆屈服应力和黏度存在交互作用影响。随着钢渣掺量的增大,质量浓度对屈服应力和黏度的影响增大,钢渣掺量为30%时质量浓度的影响最大。当质量浓度为60%,灰砂比为1∶8,钢渣掺量30%时,料浆的屈服应力和黏度最小,流动性最高。
(3)将钢渣用作充填料的添加剂具有一定的可行性,通过加入钢渣替代部分水泥后,可有效改善充填料浆的流变特性,减小料浆的黏度与屈服应力,同时可实现钢渣的回收利用,降低了矿山企业的充填成本,提升了经济效益,进而促进了矿产资源的绿色开发与可持续生产。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52204134)
  • 河北省中央引导地方科技专项项目(236Z4105G)
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021209127)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-21
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52204134)
河北省中央引导地方科技专项项目(236Z4105G)
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021209127)
作者信息
    1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063200
    2.河北省矿山绿色智能开采技术创新中心,河北 唐山市 063200

通讯作者:

张坤(2000—),男,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填开采方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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