Article(id=1322909420820246791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715011200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335784392, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335784392, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335784392, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335784392, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=88, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909421013184776, articleId=1322909420820246791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Optimization of Medium-Deep Hole Blasting Parameters Based on Classification of Ore-Rock Blastability, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to achieve the goal of cost decreasing and benefit increasing of blasting operation in underground metal mines, the medium-deep hole blasting technology of ore-rock in the middle section of 1 100−1 200 min Taibai Gold Mine was studied. The rock Proctor hardness coefficient, ore-rock bulk density, wave impedance, integrity coefficient and tensile strength were selected as the classification indexes of ore-rock blastability. Based on the game theory combination weighting method, these five indexes were given reasonable weights. The set pair analysis method was used to calculate the maximum connection degree between the measured value of the index to be classified and the common criterion of ore rock blastability level, so as to determine the ore-rock blastability level of the six exploration areas in Taibai Gold Mine.Based on the classification of ore-rock blastability, the original blasting parameters of the mining area were updated. Nine three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests were designed in the Ⅳ-level blasting area where the blasting effect was still not ideal. According to the field test results, the influence degree of each factor on the blasting effect index was analyzed. According to the relationship between the three factors and the blasting effect index, the blasting parameters of the Ⅳ-level blasting area were optimized. The optimal blasting parameters of the Ⅳ-level blasting area in Taibai Gold Mine are as follows: the hole row distance is 1.5 m, the hole bottom distance is 2.8 m, and the proximity coefficient is 1.8. These parameters were applied to the actual production of grade Ⅳ blasting area in Taibai Gold Mine. The bulk rate and explosive unit consumption were significantly reduced, and the amount of one-time ore collapse was significantly increased, which realized the cost decreasing and benefit increasing of medium-deep hole blasting technology in Taibai Gold Mine.

, authors=Chaoyang BAI1, 2, Shuanping LIU1, Peng DENG2, authorsList=Chaoyang BAI, Shuanping LIU, Peng DENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuanping LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909428231582005, articleId=1322909420820246791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于矿岩可爆性分级的中深孔爆破参数优化研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现地下金属矿山爆破作业降本增效的目标,对太白金矿1 100~1 200 m中段矿岩中深孔爆破工艺进行了研究。选取岩石普氏硬度系数、矿岩容重、波阻抗、完整性系数、抗拉强度为矿岩可爆性分级指标,基于博弈论组合赋权法对这5个指标赋予合理权重,采用集对分析的方法计算待分级区域指标实测值与常用矿岩可爆性级别判据的最大联系度,以此确定了太白金矿六大勘探区域的矿岩可爆性等级。基于矿岩可爆性分级更新了矿区的原始爆破参数,在爆破效果仍不理想的Ⅳ级爆区设计了9个现场的3因素3水平正交试验,并根据得到的现场试验结果分析了各因素对爆破效果指标的影响程度,根据3个因素与爆破效果指标的关系对Ⅳ级爆区进行爆破参数优化,得出的太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区最优爆破参数为:炮孔排距1.5 m,孔底距2.8 m,邻近系数1.8。将该参数应用于太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区实际生产中,大块率和炸药单耗显著降低,一次崩矿量显著提高,实现了太白金矿中深孔爆破工艺的降本增效。

, authors=白朝阳1, 2, 刘拴平1, 邓朋2, authorsList=白朝阳, 刘拴平, 邓朋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘拴平, authorNote=

白朝阳(1990—),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,主要从事金属矿山采矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

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刘拴平(1977—),男,陕西太白人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿方法研究工作。E-mail:
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白朝阳(1990—),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,主要从事金属矿山采矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

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白朝阳(1990—),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,主要从事金属矿山采矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

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Energy Technology and Management, 2022,47(5):86-90., articleTitle=Simulation study on support parameters optimization of roadway with hard roof based on orthogonal experiment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322909438511821204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=34+38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=赵黎, 李正国, 粟登峰, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵黎,李正国,粟登峰,等.基于GRA-AHP联合极差分析复合算法的边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析[J].矿冶工程,2024,44(1):31-34+38., articleTitle=基于GRA-AHP联合极差分析复合算法的边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322909438595707285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=34+38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=39, authorNames=ZHAO Li, LI Zhengguo, SU Dengfeng, journalName=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Li,LI Zhengguo,SU Dengfeng,et al. Sensitivity analysis of slope stability influencing factors based on GRA-AHP combined range analysis composite algorithm[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024, 44(1):31-34+38., articleTitle=Sensitivity analysis of slope stability influencing factors based on GRA-AHP combined range analysis composite algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322909438683787670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=80, pageEnd=84+99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=40, authorNames=王建超, 梁卫龙, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王建超,梁卫龙.老龙山石灰岩矿深孔爆破参数优化试验[J].爆破,2022,39(4):80-84+99., articleTitle=老龙山石灰岩矿深孔爆破参数优化试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322909438767673751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=80, pageEnd=84+99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=41, authorNames=WANG Jianchao, LIANG Weilong, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Jianchao, LIANG Weilong. Optimization experiment of deep hole blasting parameters in Laolongshan limestone mine[J]. Blasting, 2022, 39(4):80-84+99., articleTitle=Optimization experiment of deep hole blasting parameters in Laolongshan limestone mine, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322909428474851638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909428483240247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, companyId=1322909428474851638, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shaanxi Taibai Gold Mining Co., Ltd., Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909428491628856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, companyId=1322909428474851638, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.陕西太白黄金矿业有限责任公司,陕西 宝鸡市 721000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322909428571320633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909428583903546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, companyId=1322909428571320633, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909428596486459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, companyId=1322909428571320633, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322909430215487830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Index system for classification evaluation of rock explosibility, figureFileSmall=2V9xk4nk1VvUYVPO3mg09w==, figureFileBig=agXuK366V+5KUPg7ujYEeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909430282596695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=图1, caption=矿岩可爆性分级评价指标体系, figureFileSmall=2V9xk4nk1VvUYVPO3mg09w==, figureFileBig=agXuK366V+5KUPg7ujYEeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909430467146072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Blasting test areas, figureFileSmall=mUtaqyOGWyg1/aXHxVz1gw==, figureFileBig=vVYmShpqXObkTzXqWHZ4CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909430534254937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爆破试验区, figureFileSmall=mUtaqyOGWyg1/aXHxVz1gw==, figureFileBig=vVYmShpqXObkTzXqWHZ4CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909430609752410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Relationship between orthogonal test factors and indexes, figureFileSmall=wHyWj4WdNS5AlDf2HOTiHw==, figureFileBig=COwjn5kHOZpUt/1xt3S65w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909430672666971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=图3, caption=正交试验因素与指标的关系, figureFileSmall=wHyWj4WdNS5AlDf2HOTiHw==, figureFileBig=COwjn5kHOZpUt/1xt3S65w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909430735581532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of blasting cost before and after optimization of blasting parameters, figureFileSmall=7HNvxLJgVJxCctW08kLxWw==, figureFileBig=RezGjKSxuH318z1WKVs3Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909432409108829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=图4, caption=爆破参数优化前后的爆破成本对比, figureFileSmall=7HNvxLJgVJxCctW08kLxWw==, figureFileBig=RezGjKSxuH318z1WKVs3Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909432488800606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical properties of the ore and rock from 1 100 m level to 1 200 m level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置容重/(kg/m3)单轴抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa
50~42号勘探线2 75570.5457.830.516.43
42~38号勘探线2 76263.8125.760.366.98
38~34号勘探线2 780102.6033.800.2314.83
30~26号勘探线2 72354.3531.910.518.19
16~12号勘探线2 68937.7336.520.274.74
10~5号勘探线2 74156.8135.250.428.35
), ArticleFig(id=1322909432589463903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1 100~1 200 m中段矿岩的物理力学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置容重/(kg/m3)单轴抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa
50~42号勘探线2 75570.5457.830.516.43
42~38号勘探线2 76263.8125.760.366.98
38~34号勘探线2 780102.6033.800.2314.83
30~26号勘探线2 72354.3531.910.518.19
16~12号勘探线2 68937.7336.520.274.74
10~5号勘探线2 74156.8135.250.428.35
), ArticleFig(id=1322909432669155680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calibration of judgment matrix elements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标度值标度含义
1指标i与j同等重要
3指标i比j稍微重要
5指标i比j明显重要
7指标i比j强烈重要
9指标i比j极端重要
2,4,6,8相邻判断中间值
倒数指标i与j比较的判断标度为m,则j与i比较的判断标度为1/m。
), ArticleFig(id=1322909432753041761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

判断矩阵元素的标定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标度值标度含义
1指标i与j同等重要
3指标i比j稍微重要
5指标i比j明显重要
7指标i比j强烈重要
9指标i比j极端重要
2,4,6,8相邻判断中间值
倒数指标i与j比较的判断标度为m,则j与i比较的判断标度为1/m。
), ArticleFig(id=1322909432845316450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Index criteria of blastability classification of rock mass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
可爆性等级岩石普氏硬度系数波阻抗/(×106 kg/(m2·s))岩石容重/(t·m-3)抗拉强度/MPa完整性系数可爆性描述
Ⅰ63.02.506.60.049 4极易爆
Ⅱ76.02.6010.00.255 5易爆
Ⅲ99.02.7513.00.365 4较易爆
Ⅳ1212.02.9017.00.512 2中等
Ⅴ1615.03.1620.00.602 1较难爆
Ⅵ1718.03.3023.00.712 2难爆
Ⅶ1820.03.4526.00.823 2极难爆
), ArticleFig(id=1322909432933396835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

岩体可爆性分级判据指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
可爆性等级岩石普氏硬度系数波阻抗/(×106 kg/(m2·s))岩石容重/(t·m-3)抗拉强度/MPa完整性系数可爆性描述
Ⅰ63.02.506.60.049 4极易爆
Ⅱ76.02.6010.00.255 5易爆
Ⅲ99.02.7513.00.365 4较易爆
Ⅳ1212.02.9017.00.512 2中等
Ⅴ1615.03.1620.00.602 1较难爆
Ⅵ1718.03.3023.00.712 2难爆
Ⅶ1820.03.4526.00.823 2极难爆
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433025671524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Measured values of blastability indicators of rock in the various areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域普氏系数波阻抗/(×106 kg/(m2·s))岩石容重/(t·m-3)抗拉强度/MPa完整性系数
50~42号勘探线713.142.766.430.168 2
42~38号勘探线619.282.766.980.269 5
38~34号勘探线1019.032.7814.830.643 7
30~26号勘探线517.762.728.190.366 5
16~12号勘探线36.752.694.740.310 2
10~5号勘探线827.403.028.350.452 8
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433109557605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各区域岩石可爆性指标实测值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域普氏系数波阻抗/(×106 kg/(m2·s))岩石容重/(t·m-3)抗拉强度/MPa完整性系数
50~42号勘探线713.142.766.430.168 2
42~38号勘探线619.282.766.980.269 5
38~34号勘探线1019.032.7814.830.643 7
30~26号勘探线517.762.728.190.366 5
16~12号勘探线36.752.694.740.310 2
10~5号勘探线827.403.028.350.452 8
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433189249382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The weights of the indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
权重类别普氏系数波阻抗岩石容重抗拉强度完整性系数
主观权重0.081 30.268 90.067 60.440 00.142 2
客观权重0.098 40.077 30.399 90.255 90.168 3
组合权重0.091 20.157 80.260 30.333 20.157 3
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433273135463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

指标的权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
权重类别普氏系数波阻抗岩石容重抗拉强度完整性系数
主观权重0.081 30.268 90.067 60.440 00.142 2
客观权重0.098 40.077 30.399 90.255 90.168 3
组合权重0.091 20.157 80.260 30.333 20.157 3
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433340244328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of association degree evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦ评价结果
50~42号勘探线0.399 30.182 400.242 10.116 10.059 90Ⅰ级
42~38号勘探线0.387 70.173 50.020 40.242 10.018 200.157 8Ⅰ级
38~34号勘探线000.449 30.235 40.092 80.064 50.157 8Ⅲ级
30~26号勘探线0.267 80.208 70.364 00.001 60.012 60.145 20Ⅲ级
16~12号勘探线0.424 40.301 10.274 30000Ⅰ级
10~5号勘探线0.163 30.215 50.108 50.234 90.119 700.157 8Ⅳ级
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433411547497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

联系度评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦ评价结果
50~42号勘探线0.399 30.182 400.242 10.116 10.059 90Ⅰ级
42~38号勘探线0.387 70.173 50.020 40.242 10.018 200.157 8Ⅰ级
38~34号勘探线000.449 30.235 40.092 80.064 50.157 8Ⅲ级
30~26号勘探线0.267 80.208 70.364 00.001 60.012 60.145 20Ⅲ级
16~12号勘探线0.424 40.301 10.274 30000Ⅰ级
10~5号勘探线0.163 30.215 50.108 50.234 90.119 700.157 8Ⅳ级
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433495433578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Factors and levels of orthogonal test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平排距/m孔底距/m邻近系数
11.12.41.6
21.32.61.8
31.52.82.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433570931051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

正交试验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平排距/m孔底距/m邻近系数
11.12.41.6
21.32.61.8
31.52.82.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433646428524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Results table of on-site blasting test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破试验区编号因素延米崩矿量/(t·m-1)炸药单耗/(kg·t-1)大块率/%
排距/m孔底距/m邻近系数
1#1.12.41.65.150.562.12
2#1.12.61.87.100.661.54
3#1.12.82.06.120.571.37
4#1.32.42.05.240.612.11
5#1.32.61.65.780.532.52
6#1.32.81.85.180.611.29
7#1.52.41.86.220.581.47
8#1.52.62.06.180.631.15
9#1.52.81.67.050.601.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322909433721925997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909420820246791, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

现场爆破试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破试验区编号因素延米崩矿量/(t·m-1)炸药单耗/(kg·t-1)大块率/%
排距/m孔底距/m邻近系数
1#1.12.41.65.150.562.12
2#1.12.61.87.100.661.54
3#1.12.82.06.120.571.37
4#1.32.42.05.240.612.11
5#1.32.61.65.780.532.52
6#1.32.81.85.180.611.29
7#1.52.41.86.220.581.47
8#1.52.62.06.180.631.15
9#1.52.81.67.050.601.22
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基于矿岩可爆性分级的中深孔爆破参数优化研究
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白朝阳 1, 2 , 刘拴平 1 , 邓朋 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(4): 88-95
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (4) : 88 -95
基于矿岩可爆性分级的中深孔爆破参数优化研究
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白朝阳1, 2 , 刘拴平1 , 邓朋2
作者信息
  • 1.陕西太白黄金矿业有限责任公司,陕西 宝鸡市 721000
  • 2.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
通讯作者:
刘拴平(1977—),男,陕西太白人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿方法研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

白朝阳(1990—),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,主要从事金属矿山采矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

Study on Optimization of Medium-Deep Hole Blasting Parameters Based on Classification of Ore-Rock Blastability
Chaoyang BAI1, 2 , Shuanping LIU1 , Peng DENG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shaanxi Taibai Gold Mining Co., Ltd., Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, China
  • 2.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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为实现地下金属矿山爆破作业降本增效的目标,对太白金矿1 100~1 200 m中段矿岩中深孔爆破工艺进行了研究。选取岩石普氏硬度系数、矿岩容重、波阻抗、完整性系数、抗拉强度为矿岩可爆性分级指标,基于博弈论组合赋权法对这5个指标赋予合理权重,采用集对分析的方法计算待分级区域指标实测值与常用矿岩可爆性级别判据的最大联系度,以此确定了太白金矿六大勘探区域的矿岩可爆性等级。基于矿岩可爆性分级更新了矿区的原始爆破参数,在爆破效果仍不理想的Ⅳ级爆区设计了9个现场的3因素3水平正交试验,并根据得到的现场试验结果分析了各因素对爆破效果指标的影响程度,根据3个因素与爆破效果指标的关系对Ⅳ级爆区进行爆破参数优化,得出的太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区最优爆破参数为:炮孔排距1.5 m,孔底距2.8 m,邻近系数1.8。将该参数应用于太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区实际生产中,大块率和炸药单耗显著降低,一次崩矿量显著提高,实现了太白金矿中深孔爆破工艺的降本增效。

降本增效  /  博弈论  /  集对分析  /  矿岩可爆性分级  /  正交试验

In order to achieve the goal of cost decreasing and benefit increasing of blasting operation in underground metal mines, the medium-deep hole blasting technology of ore-rock in the middle section of 1 100−1 200 min Taibai Gold Mine was studied. The rock Proctor hardness coefficient, ore-rock bulk density, wave impedance, integrity coefficient and tensile strength were selected as the classification indexes of ore-rock blastability. Based on the game theory combination weighting method, these five indexes were given reasonable weights. The set pair analysis method was used to calculate the maximum connection degree between the measured value of the index to be classified and the common criterion of ore rock blastability level, so as to determine the ore-rock blastability level of the six exploration areas in Taibai Gold Mine.Based on the classification of ore-rock blastability, the original blasting parameters of the mining area were updated. Nine three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests were designed in the Ⅳ-level blasting area where the blasting effect was still not ideal. According to the field test results, the influence degree of each factor on the blasting effect index was analyzed. According to the relationship between the three factors and the blasting effect index, the blasting parameters of the Ⅳ-level blasting area were optimized. The optimal blasting parameters of the Ⅳ-level blasting area in Taibai Gold Mine are as follows: the hole row distance is 1.5 m, the hole bottom distance is 2.8 m, and the proximity coefficient is 1.8. These parameters were applied to the actual production of grade Ⅳ blasting area in Taibai Gold Mine. The bulk rate and explosive unit consumption were significantly reduced, and the amount of one-time ore collapse was significantly increased, which realized the cost decreasing and benefit increasing of medium-deep hole blasting technology in Taibai Gold Mine.

Cost decreasing and benefit increasing  /  Game theory  /  Set pair analysis  /  Classification of ore-rock blastability  /  Orthogonal test
白朝阳, 刘拴平, 邓朋. 基于矿岩可爆性分级的中深孔爆破参数优化研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 88 -95 .
Chaoyang BAI, Shuanping LIU, Peng DENG. Study on Optimization of Medium-Deep Hole Blasting Parameters Based on Classification of Ore-Rock Blastability[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 88 -95 .
中深孔爆破工艺是目前地下矿山高效生产、建设的常用工艺。科学、精细的中深孔爆破技术能够使矿山提高产能、降低大块率以及节省炸药消耗。因此,中深孔爆破开采技术的精细化研究是实现矿山企业降本增效的有效途径之一,而矿岩可爆性分级[1]既是地下矿山中深孔爆破参数选取的依据之一,也是中深孔爆破开采技术精细化研究的重要内容。近些年伴随着学科交叉发展,适用于矿岩可爆性分级的理论方法也在更新迭代。
王文军等[2]在爆破作用指数法基础上提出一种评价矿岩可爆性的修正方法,成功对黑沟露天矿进行矿岩可爆性分级,并取得了良好的工业爆破效果。郑位等[3]建立集对分析模型,以最大联系度原则对某锡矿山的6类岩体进行矿岩可爆性分级,从而得出该矿不同岩性巷道掘进的合理爆破参数。展卫露等[4]结合室内岩石力学试验结果及现场工程爆破效果,对锡铁山矿的矿岩进行可爆性评价,并根据现场爆破漏斗试验结果对爆破参数进行了优化。韩超群等[5]对大量矿岩样本的分级结果进行主成分分析,引入支持向量机模型进行了矿岩可爆性等级预测。于庆磊等[6]对爆区岩石分级指标采用蚁群算法优化权重并进行聚类分析,根据分级结果建立了爆区炸药单耗预测数学模型。
综上所述,众多专家学者在矿岩可爆性分级问题上已取得一系列研究成果,但由于影响矿岩可爆性的因素具有多样性和复杂性,矿岩可爆性分级方法需要根据现场实际情况而定。基于此,本文采用博弈论组合赋权的方法对矿岩可爆性分级指标赋予合理权重,基于集对分析法的最大联系度原则确定了太白金矿六大勘探区域矿岩的可爆性级别,根据太白金矿的矿岩可爆性级别对原爆破参数进行了初步优化,但仍存在爆破不理想的现象,后续通过设计爆破参数正交试验,对爆破参数进行调整优化,取得了良好的技术经济效益。
太白金矿位于秦西南地区。目前,该矿山1 100~1 200 m中段采用分段崩落法开采,落矿方式为中深孔凿岩爆破。矿山所采用的凿岩设备老旧,且对矿区矿岩可爆性精度掌握程度不够,原始设计的爆破参数在矿山生产实践中存在一次崩矿量低、爆破大块率高、炸药单耗大等缺陷,以致总体采矿爆破效果满意度较低。因此,需要在可靠性较高的矿岩可爆性分级条件下对中深孔爆破参数进行优化,从而提高一次崩矿量、减少炸药单耗、降低大块率。该矿山1 100~1 200 m中段矿岩的物理力学性质见表1。
层次分析法[7]能够将定性指标进行量化表示,使得定性指标以数据的形式参与赋权计算,层次分析法计算过程如下。
(1)构造判断矩阵。将评价体系中的指标相互对比,以指标的重要性程度进行数据标定,判断矩阵元素的标定见表2。
构造出来的判断矩阵用R来表示:
(2)一致性检验[8]。为避免判断矩阵中各指标重要性存在自相矛盾的情况,需要对判断矩阵进行一致性检验,一致性检验公式为:
式中:λmax为判断矩阵的最大特征根;RI为平均一致性指标;n为指标数。CR<0.1,则通过一致性检验。
(3)确定主观权重。判断矩阵通过一致性检验后,采用算术平均法计算各指标权重值wj:
熵权法[9]能够客观地反映不同指标之间的差异性和重要程度,不受主观因素的影响。熵权法计算过程如下。
(1)构造评价模型。设有m个方案,n个指标,则构建的评价矩阵为:
(2)计算初始矩阵。对评价矩阵进行非负正向化处理,再进行标准化:
得到的初始矩阵为:
(3)计算各指标的熵值Hj。
(4)计算各指标的权重值uj。
(1)对采用L(L≥2)种赋权方法[10]构成的权重集为wk=[wk1 wk2 … wkn]T,其中k=1, 2,…,L。继续引入一个线性组合系数αk=(a1 a2 … ak)与权重集结合计算得到的组合权重w为:
(2)为得到更贴近理想值的博弈论组合权重向量w*,需要进一步对线性组合系数进行优化,优化过程中以wk与组合权重w离差最小化为目标,对策模型为:
(3)根据矩阵微分性质,导出上式的最优化一阶导数条件:
(4)对求得的组合系数进行归一化处理:
得到指标的博弈论组合权重w*为:
将两个存在一定联系的集合组成对子H(M,N),其中集合M有t个元素,即M=(m1 m2 … mt), N有k个元素,N=(n1 n2 … nk)。可以将这两个集合看成系统分析的一个整体,用联系度μ来表达对子H(M,N)中两个集合的关系:
式中:α为同一度;β为差异度,可以将βi进一步扩展为βi=β1i1+β2i2+…+βkik,得到多元联系度;γ为对立度;i为差异不确定系数;j为对立度系数,j值恒为−1。
若集合M由t个评价指标值组成,集合N由k个评价标准值组成,则由M与N组成的集对H(M,N)的联系度μ(M,N)为:
式中:d为指标值隶属于Ⅰ级标准的可能程度;β(t,1)为指标值隶属于Ⅱ级标准的可能程度;β(t,2)为指标值隶属于Ⅲ级标准的可能程度;β(t,k−2)为指标值隶属于k−1级标准的可能程度。对于越小越优指标,指标值mx(x=1, 2,…,t)与该指标评价标准的联系度μx为:
式中,sk表示评价分级的门限值,s1≤s2≤…≤sk−1≤sk。
确定各指标值的联系度μx后,求得集对H(M,N)的K元联系度μ为:
根据矿岩可爆性评价指标体系,通过层次分析法求得主观权重,采用熵权法求得客观权重后结合博弈论求得组合权重,应用集对分析理论模型对待分级的区域矿岩进行可爆性分级评价。评价流程如下:
(1)建立矿岩可爆性分级评价指标体系(如图1所示),求解组合权重;
(2)通过联系度参数与权重向量计算得到各区域岩石与等级之间的联系度;
(3)根据最大联系度原则确定该区域矿岩可爆性等级。
根据现有的矿岩可爆性分级研究[11-14],可以根据矿岩可爆性分级判据指标将矿岩可爆性分成7个等级,矿岩可爆性分级的具体判据指标见表3。
以太白金矿1 100~1 200 m中段50~42号、42~38号、38~34号、30~26号、16~12号、10~5号勘探线区域为研究对象,这6个区域的矿岩可爆性指标实测结果见表4。
根据层次分析法确定主观权重w主,采用熵权法确定客观权重w客,然后运用博弈论计算出最优分配系数x=0.42, y=0.58,从而得到指标的组合权重w。各指标的主、客观和组合权重见表5。
使用MATLAB分别计算得到不同矿岩可爆性等级条件下6个区域的联系度。根据最大联系度原则[15-17]进行矿岩可爆性分级评价,评价结果见表6。
根据表6中太白金矿6个区域矿岩可爆性级别,对6个区域进行中深孔爆破参数初步优化。其中,5个区域在生产中取得了良好的爆破效果;10~5号勘探线区域的矿岩可爆性级别为Ⅳ级,该区域取得的爆破效果仍不够理想,大块率、炸药单耗较高。因此,需进一步对太白金矿10~5号勘探线区域Ⅳ级爆区的中深孔排距、孔底距、邻近系数(孔底距与最小抵抗线之比)等爆破参数进行优化,为此,设计出3因素3水平多指标的正交试验[18-19],具体的正交试验因素水平见表7。
选取太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区9个爆破试验区进行爆破工业试验(见图2),各爆破试验区的爆破参数与爆破效果见表8,以表8中的每米炮孔崩矿量、炸药单耗、爆堆大块率进行正交试验,从因素对指标结果的影响程度来分析因素与指标的关系,进而选择最优爆破参数。
对表8中的延米崩矿量、炸药单耗、爆堆大块率等指标进行分类[20],将指标划分为效益型指标(数值越大越好)和消耗型指标(数值越小越好)两种,其中崩矿量属于效益型指标,炸药单耗、大块率属于消耗型指标。
由表8中的1#、2#、3#爆破试验区结果可知,Ⅳ级爆区在中深孔排距为1.1 m的条件下,随着孔底距和邻近系数的增大,延米崩矿量和炸药单耗均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而大块率逐渐减小。其中,2#爆破试验区的延米崩矿量最大,为7.10 t/m;1#爆破试验区的炸药单耗最小,为0.56 kg/t;3#爆破试验区的大块率最小,为1.37%。
由表8中的4#、5#、6#爆破试验区结果可知,Ⅳ级爆区在中深孔排距为1.3 m的条件下,随着孔底距和邻近系数的增大,每米炮孔崩矿量和大块率呈现先增后减的趋势,炸药单耗先减小后增大。最大延米崩矿量为5.78 t/m,最小炸药单耗为0.53 kg/t,最小大块率为1.29%。
由表8中的7#、8#、9#爆破试验区结果可知,Ⅳ级爆区在中深孔排距为1.5 m的条件下,随着孔底距和邻近系数的增大,延米崩矿量和大块率呈现先减小后增大的趋势,炸药单耗先增大后减小。最大延米崩矿量为7.05 t/m,最小炸药单耗为0.58 kg/t,最小大块率为1.15%。
根据太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区现场爆破试验结果,取各因素各水平的指标数值和的平均值,并进行极差分析,以各因素极差大小来分析该因素对指标的影响程度,进而选取该因素最优水平为优化后的爆破参数[21]。极差分析结果如图3所示。
从图3的极差值分析结果大小来看,爆破排距对延米崩矿量、崩矿大块率的影响最显著,三个因素中邻近系数对炸药单耗的影响最突出。结合三个因素与爆破效果指标的关系可知最佳爆破参数为:排距1.5 m,孔底距2.8 m,邻近系数1.8。
将最优爆破参数应用于太白金矿Ⅳ级爆区实际生产中,取得了较好的技术经济效益,中深孔爆破的崩矿块度合理,以块度为8~10 cm碎块居多,且欠挖现象较少。
爆破参数优化后,爆破大块率低,二次破碎的费用少,一次崩矿量达到1 145.82 t。爆破参数优化前后的爆破成本如图4所示。
由图4可知,优化前矿区东线爆破成本为17.93 元/t,优化后矿区东线爆破成本为10.02 元/t,爆破成本降低了44.1%;优化前矿区西线爆破成本为17.72 元/t,优化后矿区西线爆破成本为9.95 元/t,爆破成本降低了43.8%。
(1)采用博弈论进行主客观组合赋权,得到5个矿岩可爆性分级指标的可靠性权重为0.091 2, 0.157 8, 0.260 3, 0.333 2, 0.157 3。将太白矿区1 100~1 200 m中段的6个待分级区域的各指标实测值代入集对分析理论模型中,得到了6个待分级区域的岩石可爆性等级,为后续的爆破参数设计及优化奠定基础。
(2)在可爆性等级为Ⅳ级的10~5号勘探线区爆破效果不理想,为此设计3因素3水平多指标的正交试验。从延米崩矿量和大块率这两个试验结果分析,3因素的影响程度排序为:炮孔排距>孔底距>邻近系数;从炸药单耗这个试验结果分析,3因素的影响程度排序为:邻近系数>孔底距>炮孔排距。根据正交试验因素与指标的关系可知,10~5勘探线区域的最优爆破参数为:排距1.5 m,孔底距2.8 m,邻近系数1.8。
(3)实践表明,爆破参数优化后,矿区东线爆破成本降低44.1%,矿区西线爆破成本降低43.8%,且10~5号勘探线区域的单次爆破崩矿量有所提高,爆破大块率、炸药单耗显著降低。与原爆破参数相比,采用优化后的爆破参数可得较好的技术经济效益。研究成果可以为同类型矿山矿岩可爆性分级和爆破参数优化提供参考。

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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07
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    1.陕西太白黄金矿业有限责任公司,陕西 宝鸡市 721000
    2.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083

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刘拴平(1977—),男,陕西太白人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿方法研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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