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Article(id=1322909412125442213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714233600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335782318, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335782318, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335782318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335782318, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=23, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909412297408678, articleId=1322909412125442213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Filling Effect of Layered Waste Rock Cemented Backfill, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The waste rock cemented backfill often exhibits stratification during the filling process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the filling effect of layered backfill. Slicing of waste rock cemented backfill was carried out, and the distribution characteristics of aggregates in different layers of the backfill were analyzed. Then, through numerical simulation, the influences of layered and non-layered waste rock cemented backfill on the filling effects of goaf were compared and analyzed. It is found that the stress in the middle of the roof of the goaf filled with layered waste rock cemented backfill and non-layered waste rock cemented backfill is about 3.68 MPa and 3.61 MPa, respectively. The settlement degree of the roof of the non-layered backfill is significantly smaller, which can provide more stable support for the roof. The lateral support of the non-layered backfill is uniformly stressed, with a small displacement and a maximum displacement of 3.76 mm. The lateral displacement of the layered backfill is small in the upper part and gradually increases downwards, with a maximum displacement of 4.46 mm. The distribution of fine aggregates in the upper layer of layered backfill makes it susceptible to pressure deformation, while the waste rocks distribution inside the non-layered backfill is uniform, with a stronger overall bearing capacity and relatively smaller deformation.Therefore, when carrying out the filling material proportion, it is important to control the backfill layering phenomenon as much as possible to provide important guarantees for mine safety production.

, authors=Tuanjie GUO1, Zunying HUANG1, Yan LIU2, Hu CHEN2, Qiangqiang JIANG2, authorsList=Tuanjie GUO, Zunying HUANG, Yan LIU, Hu CHEN, Qiangqiang JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hu CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909416504295617, articleId=1322909412125442213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=分层废石胶结充填体的充填效果研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对废石胶结充填体在充填过程中常出现的分层现象，对分层充填体的充填效果开展了研究。对废石胶结充填体进行切片，分析了充填体不同分层的骨料分布特征。然后通过数值模拟，对比分析分层和不分层废石胶结充填体对采空区充填效果的影响。研究发现：充入分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板中部应力约为3.68 MPa，充入不分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板中部应力约为3.61 MPa，不分层充填体顶板沉降程度明显更小，可以对顶板提供更稳定的支护；不分层充填体侧帮受力均匀，位移较小，最大位移为3.76 mm；分层充填体侧帮位移上部小，向下逐渐增大，最大位移为4.46 mm；分层充填体上层细骨料分布较多，使其受压力易变形，而不分层充填体内部废石分布均匀，整体承载能力更强，形变相对较小。因此，在进行充填体配比时要尽量控制充填体的分层现象，为矿山安全生产提供重要保障。

, authors=郭团结1, 黄尊英1, 刘艳2, 陈虎2, 江强强2, authorsList=郭团结, 黄尊英, 刘艳, 陈虎, 江强强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈虎, authorNote=

郭团结（1979—），男，山东济宁人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为矿山生产安全技术。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈虎（1995—），男，湖北宜昌人，硕士，工程师，主要从事矿井充填方面的研究。E-mail:
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郭团结（1979—），男，山东济宁人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为矿山生产安全技术。E-mail:

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郭团结（1979—），男，山东济宁人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为矿山生产安全技术。E-mail:

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label=图13, caption=充填体内部X方向的位移云图, figureFileSmall=WR9fpF9Z0riDb/PZZXvqPg==, figureFileBig=80iRzfOwQgILJvH246nsbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909424897097987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909412125442213, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic mechanical parameters of waste rock

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单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角/(°)黏聚力/MPa孔隙率/%吸水率/%
74.314.7718.570.1656.968.741.190.21
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废石的基本力学参数

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单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比内摩擦角/(°)黏聚力/MPa孔隙率/%吸水率/%
74.314.7718.570.1656.968.741.190.21
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Mechanical parameters of the specimen

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材料名称黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa泊松比密度/(kg/m3)
围岩8.72546.280.213 000
充填体上层3.05450.880.251 014
充填体中层3.28451.230.271 428
充填体下层3.37461.620.261 729
), ArticleFig(id=1322909425111007494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909412125442213, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试样力学参数

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材料名称黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa泊松比密度/(kg/m3)
围岩8.72546.280.213 000
充填体上层3.05450.880.251 014
充填体中层3.28451.230.271 428
充填体下层3.37461.620.261 729
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分层废石胶结充填体的充填效果研究
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郭团结 1 , 黄尊英 1 , 刘艳 2 , 陈虎 2 , 江强强 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(4): 23-30
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (4) : 23 -30
分层废石胶结充填体的充填效果研究
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郭团结1 , 黄尊英1, 刘艳2, 陈虎2 , 江强强2
作者信息
  • 1.华润电力（锡林郭勒）煤业有限公司，内蒙古　锡林浩特市　026000
  • 2.中煤科工集团武汉设计研究院有限公司，湖北　武汉　430061
通讯作者:
陈虎（1995—），男，湖北宜昌人，硕士，工程师，主要从事矿井充填方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

郭团结（1979—），男，山东济宁人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为矿山生产安全技术。E-mail:

Study on the Filling Effect of Layered Waste Rock Cemented Backfill
Tuanjie GUO1 , Zunying HUANG1, Yan LIU2, Hu CHEN2 , Qiangqiang JIANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Resources Power (Xilingol) Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Xilin hot, Inner Mongolia 026000, China
  • 2.Wuhan Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Coal Science and Technology Group, Wuhan, Hebei 430061, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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针对废石胶结充填体在充填过程中常出现的分层现象，对分层充填体的充填效果开展了研究。对废石胶结充填体进行切片，分析了充填体不同分层的骨料分布特征。然后通过数值模拟，对比分析分层和不分层废石胶结充填体对采空区充填效果的影响。研究发现：充入分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板中部应力约为3.68 MPa，充入不分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板中部应力约为3.61 MPa，不分层充填体顶板沉降程度明显更小，可以对顶板提供更稳定的支护；不分层充填体侧帮受力均匀，位移较小，最大位移为3.76 mm；分层充填体侧帮位移上部小，向下逐渐增大，最大位移为4.46 mm；分层充填体上层细骨料分布较多，使其受压力易变形，而不分层充填体内部废石分布均匀，整体承载能力更强，形变相对较小。因此，在进行充填体配比时要尽量控制充填体的分层现象，为矿山安全生产提供重要保障。

废石胶结充填体  /  充填体分层  /  充填效果  /  FLAC3D

The waste rock cemented backfill often exhibits stratification during the filling process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the filling effect of layered backfill. Slicing of waste rock cemented backfill was carried out, and the distribution characteristics of aggregates in different layers of the backfill were analyzed. Then, through numerical simulation, the influences of layered and non-layered waste rock cemented backfill on the filling effects of goaf were compared and analyzed. It is found that the stress in the middle of the roof of the goaf filled with layered waste rock cemented backfill and non-layered waste rock cemented backfill is about 3.68 MPa and 3.61 MPa, respectively. The settlement degree of the roof of the non-layered backfill is significantly smaller, which can provide more stable support for the roof. The lateral support of the non-layered backfill is uniformly stressed, with a small displacement and a maximum displacement of 3.76 mm. The lateral displacement of the layered backfill is small in the upper part and gradually increases downwards, with a maximum displacement of 4.46 mm. The distribution of fine aggregates in the upper layer of layered backfill makes it susceptible to pressure deformation, while the waste rocks distribution inside the non-layered backfill is uniform, with a stronger overall bearing capacity and relatively smaller deformation.Therefore, when carrying out the filling material proportion, it is important to control the backfill layering phenomenon as much as possible to provide important guarantees for mine safety production.

Waste rock cemented backfill  /  Backfill layering  /  Filling effect  /  FLAC3D
郭团结, 黄尊英, 刘艳, 陈虎, 江强强. 分层废石胶结充填体的充填效果研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 23 -30 .
Tuanjie GUO, Zunying HUANG, Yan LIU, Hu CHEN, Qiangqiang JIANG. Study on the Filling Effect of Layered Waste Rock Cemented Backfill[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 23 -30 .
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0　引言
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矿产资源的开发与利用是我国经济发展的重要支撑，随着经济的快速增长和工业化进程的加快，对矿产资源的需求量不断增加[1-2]。然而，矿山开采活动带来的采空区安全问题日益突出，成为制约矿山生产安全和生态环境保护的重大隐患[3-4]。采空区塌陷事故可造成严重的人员伤亡和经济损失，成为严重的地质灾害之一[5]。胶结充填采矿法通过将充填料浆注入采空区，为其提供一定的承载力，可有效预防采空区垮落[6-9]。矿山在生产过程中会产生大量掘进废石，在采用胶结充填采矿法时，为了降低矿山充填采矿成本，实现废弃物资源化利用，可以将废石作为骨料加入充填料浆进行充填[10-12]。然而废石胶结充填体由于各骨料之间密度差距大，充填体内部会出现一定程度的分层现象，充填体分层会导致充填体局部强度较低，整体性较差，易引发人工假顶脱层、片帮冒落等质量问题，严重影响采矿安全[13-14]。因此，研究废石胶结充填体的分层现象对充填效果的影响具有重要意义。
针对充填体分层现象，相关学者进行了大量研究。程爱平等[15]制作全尾砂胶结充填体，获取胶结充填体试样破坏荷载及超声波波速，探讨不同灰砂比的充填体试样超声波波速分层变化特征，结合颗粒粒级特征，揭示全尾砂胶结充填体分层机理。张小卫等[16]通过单轴抗压试验，发现分层充填体试样多表现为贯穿与半贯穿破坏，而且分层数对充填体破坏形态的影响最显著。海龙等[17]对3种分层类型的充填体试件进行单轴压缩试验，发现分层充填体的破坏形式主要表现为拉张破坏和共轭剪切破坏，喷砂处理能够改善力在分层面上的传递方式。YAO Nan等[18]通过改变质量浓度，制备了不同离析分层程度的废石胶结充填体，并构建了离析分层程度与单轴抗压强度之间的关系。上述研究仅针对充填体分层后的性质，并没有对充填体分层后的充填效果进行研究。
为研究充填体分层后对采空区充填效果的影响，本文对废石胶结充填体的分层特征进行研究，分析充填体不同分层的骨料分布等性质，然后通过力学试验得到充填体不同分层的力学参数，最后通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件对废石胶结充填体分层与不分层的充填效果进行对比，从而得到充填体分层对采空区充填效果的影响，为废石胶结充填体的优化设计和矿山生产安全提供了参考。
1　废石胶结充填体分层特征研究
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1.1　试验材料和试样制作
本次试验制备废石胶结充填体由P·O 42.5硅酸盐水泥、废石、速凝剂以及水按一定配比组成。废石为西一矿的巷道掘进岩碴，将废石破碎处理后制备成充填碎石。废石的基本力学参数见表1。
本次试验中试样大小为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm，废石的最大粒径为15 mm，方形试样的骨料级配指数为0.5，最后根据Talbol级配理论确定各粒径对应的质量。废石颗粒级配曲线见图1。
将水泥、废石和速凝剂进行配比试验，制作边长为100 mm的方形试样。方形试样浇筑8 h后，从模具中取出，放置于温度为(25±2)℃、相对湿度为50%的恒温恒湿养护箱中养护28 d。
1.2　试验过程及结果分析
将养护后的试样用岩石切割机进行纵向切割，得到废石胶结充填体的切面。将切面高清照片导入PhotoShop中，调整废石与浆体的颜色对比。将处理后的切面图片平均分为上、中、下三层，然后通过Image-pro转化为2值图像并计算出上、中、下三层中不同粒径骨料的数量及骨料所占面积。充填体切面图片处理过程见图2。试样上、中、下三层的细骨料和粗骨料含量分布见图3。
从图3中可以看出，废石骨料在自重应力作用下会产生离析沉降运动，试样下层骨料含量最大，上层骨料含量最小。试样上层和下层的细骨料含量大于粗骨料含量，而试样中层的细骨料含量小于粗骨料含量。
1.3　分层充填体力学参数测定
为获取不同分层程度废石胶结充填体的物理力学参数，在实验室内制备300 mm×100 mm×300 mm的废石胶结充填体试样。待试样养护28 d后，使用试样切割机将试样水平切成三层，然后将每层竖向切割成3份，共获得9个100 mm×100 mm×100 mm（长×宽×高）的正方体试样。然后通过不同法向应力下的剪切试验，结合摩尔-库伦准则并运用最小二乘法得出不同分层程度的废石胶结充填体上、中、下三层的剪切强度与法向应力关系的拟合曲线，从而获取各层废石胶结充填体的力学参数。
图4为各层废石胶结充填体的法向应力与剪切强度的拟合曲线。通过力学试验获取的试样力学参数见表2。
2　废石胶结充填的数值模拟
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为研究废石胶结充填体分层和不分层的采空区充填效果，采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件，对两种废石胶结充填体填充的采空区进行数值模拟。
2.1　模型建立
本次数值模拟以西一矿为背景，采空区埋深为250 m左右。为符合实际工况，使用Rhino犀牛三维建模工具建立长、宽、高分别为60 m、9 m、60 m的岩体模型。根据西一矿地下采场实际情况，在模型中心区域建宽度和高度均为9 m的采空区，然后对采空区进行充填，并将充填体划分为等高的三层，模拟充填体分层情况。采用Griddle插件网格划分功能，将模型划分成尺寸为1 m的单元体。最后将模型输出并导入到FLAC3D中进行数值模拟试验。数值模型见图5。
对数值模型中围岩赋予Burgers-Mohr本构模型，对充填体赋予Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性模型，模拟废石胶结充填体的充填效果。在数值模型中建立监测点，监测围岩的应力和位移变化。监测点位于距离矿房顶板面和侧帮面1 m的围岩中，具体布置见图6。
2.2　参数设定
围岩参数以西一矿地下250 m区域的岩石参数为准，具体参数见表2。
根据上述速凝剂含量为9%的充填体上、中、下分层特征设置充填体数值模拟模型，然后再以该分层充填体的中层特征设置另一个充填体模型作为对照组，即一个充填体模型上、中、下分层明显，而另一个充填体不分层。
根据表2中试样的力学参数对数值模型中各区域进行参数设置，在模型顶部施加6.2 MPa的法向应力模拟地应力，然后对模型边界进行限制，并对模型赋予自重应力，最后对模型进行运算。
2.3　数值模拟结果与分析
2.3.1　顶板应力分布及位移特征
顶板安全是保障采空区安全的关键因素之一，所以分析顶板的应力和位移特征十分重要。图7和图8分别为分层充填体和不分层充填体Z方向上顶板应力分布和顶板位移分布。Z方向为数值模型的竖直方向。
由图7和图8可知，充入分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板应力大于充入不分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板应力，由此可见，不分层充填体可以对顶板提供更稳定的支护。从顶板位移来看，采空区充入分层和不分层充填体后顶板位移均呈现中部位移大、两侧位移小的分布趋势。充入不分层充填体后，顶板最大沉降位移约为5.5 mm；充入分层充填体后，顶板最大沉降位移约为6.2 mm。与充入分层的废石胶结充填体相比，充入不分层的废石胶结充填体的矿房顶板沉降程度明显更小。同样说明不分层废石胶结充填体对顶板的支护效果优于分层废石胶结充填体。
在分层的废石胶结充填体中，充填体上层分布大量细骨料，这使得充填体上层的承载能力大幅度降低，受到压力后更容易变形。而不分层的废石胶结充填体内部废石分布比较均匀，各部位承载能力相当，整体承载能力更强，因此不分层的废石胶结充填体受到压力后发生的变形相对较小。
2.3.2　侧帮应力分布及位移特征
在地应力的作用下，采空区侧帮会出现应力集中现象。空区侧帮作为采空区的薄弱部分，同样是充填效果分析的重要研究对象。图9和图10分别为分层充填体和不分层充填体侧帮X方向应力分布位移分布云图。X方向为数值模型的水平方向。
由图9和图10可见，不分层充填体的侧帮受力较为均匀，而分层充填体的侧帮位移上部小，并逐渐向下部增大。从整体来看，分层充填体的侧帮受力大于不分层充填体的侧帮受力。相应地，不分层充填体侧帮位移整体均匀，最大位移为3.76 mm；分层充填体的侧帮位移较大，上部小，并向下部逐渐增大，最大位移为4.46 mm。这是因为分层充填体中上层的粗骨料含量较低，主要成分为水泥砂浆和细骨料，内部结构松散，受到拉应力时容易发生变形，相应的侧帮位移较大；充填体中层和下层的粗骨料含量高，内部结构较为密实，受到应力不容易发生变形。不分层充填体在应力作用下不易发生变形，减少了空区侧帮的作用力，可为采空区提供更稳定的支护。
2.3.3　充填体内部应力场及位移场分布特征
图11为分层和不分层废石胶结充填体内部X方向的应力云图，图12为分层和不分层废石胶结充填体内部Z方向的应力云图。图13为分层和不分层废石胶结充填体内部X方向的位移云图。
由图11、图12和图13可知，分层充填体内部受到的Z方向应力较不分层充填体更大，这说明不分层充填体对顶板有更好的支撑效果。充填体内部发生由两侧向中间的位移，分层充填体内部从上到下发生的位移逐渐增大。这是由于在地应力的作用下，越靠近充填体下部受到的地应力作用越大，而分层充填体的力学参数差异较大，其内部的应力分布及位移特征呈现较强的分层规律，结构较为松散，三层充填体的共同承载效果和稳定性较差。不分层充填体内部在X方向和Z方向受力均较为均匀，且在X方向应力作用下充填体整体的位移较小，且其内部发生的位移基本相似，这是因为不分层充填体整体结构较为稳定，可为采空区提供更优的充填效果。
3　结论
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本文通过试验分析和数值模拟研究废石胶结充填体的分层现象对采空区充填效果的影响，探讨了分层充填体和不分层充填体在矿山工程中的应用，分析了充填体分层对顶板、侧帮以及内部充填体的应力和位移特征的影响。通过对充填体的力学参数和充填效果进行综合分析，揭示了分层充填体与不分层充填体在矿山工程中的差异，得到了以下结论。
（1）充入分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板中部应力约为3.68 MPa，充入不分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板中部应力约为3.61 MPa；充入分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板两侧应力约为7.18 MPa，充入不分层废石胶结充填体的采空区顶板两侧应力约为7.35 MPa，不分层充填体表现出更均匀的支撑效果，提供更稳定的顶板支护。不分层废石胶结充填体的顶板沉降程度明显更小，显示出对顶板的支护效果优于分层充填体。在侧帮受力和位移方面，不分层充填体的侧帮受力较分层充填体更均匀，且位移更小。充填体分层时侧帮最大位移为4.46 mm，充填体不分层时侧帮最大位移为3.76 mm。
（2）分层充填体上层细骨料含量高，使其承载能力降低，易受压力变形；而不分层充填体内部废石分布均匀，整体承载能力更强，形变相对较小。不分层充填体对顶板支撑效果更好，Z方向应力更小；分层充填体内部应力更大，位移逐层增大，稳定性较差。
（3）不分层废石胶结充填体在顶板支护效果、顶板沉降、侧帮受力和内部稳定性等方面较分层废石胶结充填体更好，能提供更稳定的支护效果，减小顶板沉降，降低侧帮受力，保障矿山作业安全。因此在进行充填体配比时应尽量控制其分层离析现象。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学青年基金项目(42007279)
  • 中煤科工集团武汉设计研究院有限公司自主研发项目(ZZYF202238)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间：2024-04-28
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-28
基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(42007279)
中煤科工集团武汉设计研究院有限公司自主研发项目(ZZYF202238)
作者信息
    1.华润电力（锡林郭勒）煤业有限公司，内蒙古　锡林浩特市　026000
    2.中煤科工集团武汉设计研究院有限公司，湖北　武汉　430061

通讯作者:

陈虎（1995—），男，湖北宜昌人，硕士，工程师，主要从事矿井充填方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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