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Article(id=1322909393544675380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716307200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335777889, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335777889, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335777889, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335777889, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=9, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909393808916533, articleId=1322909393544675380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Practice of Mining Steeply Inclined and Soft Broken Veins by Medium-Deep Hole Segment-Open Pit Method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of poor mining safety and high loss and depletion rate of the steeply inclined and soft broken veins in Shanggong Gold Mine, the F1-Ⅲ vein were subjected to on-site industrial experimental research using the quasi-medium-deep hole segmented-open pit method. The results show three aspects. Firstly, all the mining works are arranged in stable rock mass outside the vein, and the safety of the construction process can be ensured by drilling medium-deep holes into the ore body from the roadway outside the vein to control and recover the ore body. Secondly, the non-cutting engineering blasting groove technology, which takes the mine approach as the initial free surface of blasting and the 3-4 rows of holes are simultaneously blasted from bottom to top to form a full section, can significantly reduce safety hazards, reduce mining costs and simplify construction technology. Lastly, the dividing line between the surrounding rock and the vein is accurately determined during the drilling process, the hole is protected by plastic sleeves and the mining is carried out by fine blasting technology. When the stope process parameters are determined as the minimum resistance line of 1.5 m, the row distance of 1.5 m, the hole bottom distance of 2.0 m, and the single explosive consumption of 0.22 kg/t, the blasting effect is the best. The loss rate is reduced to 10.1%, the dilution rate is reduced to 12.4%, the production capacity of the mining site is increased by 54.6 t/d compared to the shallow hole retention method, and the direct mining cost is reduced by 11.06 yuan/t.

, authors=Yong ZHONG1, Ning YANG2, Jianglong LEI3, authorsList=Yong ZHONG, Ning YANG, Jianglong LEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909395960594502, articleId=1322909393544675380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=中深孔分段空场法开采急倾斜软破薄矿脉的实践, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决上宫金矿急倾斜软破薄矿脉开采安全性差、损失贫化率大等问题，采用脉外采准中深孔分段空场法对F1-Ⅲ号矿脉进行了现场工业试验研究。结果表明：所有采准工程布置在脉外稳定岩体中，从脉外巷道向矿体内钻凿中深孔控制并回采矿体能够确保施工过程安全；采用以出矿进路作为爆破的初始自由面，3~4排炮孔同时由下向上逐次爆破形成全断面的无切割工程爆破拉槽技术能够显著减少安全隐患，降低开采费用，简化施工工艺；凿岩过程精确地判定围岩和矿脉的分界线，使用塑料套管护孔，并采取精细化爆破技术进行回采，采场工艺参数确定为最小抵抗线1.5 m、排距1.5 m、孔底距2.0 m、炸药单耗0.22 kg/t时，爆破效果最好，损失率降到了10.1%，贫化率降到了12.4%，采场生产能力较浅孔留矿法提高了54.6 t/d，采矿直接成本降低了11.06元/t。

, authors=钟勇1, 杨宁2, 雷江龙3, authorsList=钟勇, 杨宁, 雷江龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

钟勇（1989—），男，湖北监利人，硕士，工程师，主要从事地下金属与非金属矿山采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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钟勇（1989—），男，湖北监利人，硕士，工程师，主要从事地下金属与非金属矿山采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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钟勇（1989—），男，湖北监利人，硕士，工程师，主要从事地下金属与非金属矿山采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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Mining Technology, 2021, 21(5):140-142+148., articleTitle=Application of medium and long hole blasting technique in extremely unstable thin veins, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322909396711374919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909396719763528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, companyId=1322909396711374919, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guizhou Zijin Mining Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou 562400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909396749123657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, companyId=1322909396711374919, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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figureFileBig=8dvsR3uxsSGnOewQJBiIjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909405913677942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, language=CN, label=图8, caption=崩落矿石块度（钢筋网格100 mm×100 mm）, figureFileSmall=tmggWrzLrcqXEtHuFt806w==, figureFileBig=8dvsR3uxsSGnOewQJBiIjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909406005952631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Layout parameters of mining preparation engineering

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序号工程名称断面尺寸(宽×高)/m数量/条长度/m备注
1运输巷道2.6×2.8153.0矿脉下盘
2分段凿岩巷道2.6×2.83140.5布置在676 m/686 m/696 m处
3出矿进路2.2×2.4677.9—
4人行材料天井I2.6×2.8139.235线处
5人行材料天井Ⅱ2.6×2.8138.736线处
合计—12349.3—
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采准工程布置参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号工程名称断面尺寸(宽×高)/m数量/条长度/m备注
1运输巷道2.6×2.8153.0矿脉下盘
2分段凿岩巷道2.6×2.83140.5布置在676 m/686 m/696 m处
3出矿进路2.2×2.4677.9—
4人行材料天井I2.6×2.8139.235线处
5人行材料天井Ⅱ2.6×2.8138.736线处
合计—12349.3—
), ArticleFig(id=1322909406219862137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Technical and economic indexes of blasting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破矿量/t炮孔消耗长度/m炸药总量/kg雷管总量/发炮孔爆破量/(t/m)单位炸药消耗量/(kg/t)单位雷管消耗量/(发/t)单段雷管最大装药量/kg
13 8735 093.33 115.91 8182.720.220.13145.6(3段)
), ArticleFig(id=1322909406291165306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

爆破技术经济指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破矿量/t炮孔消耗长度/m炸药总量/kg雷管总量/发炮孔爆破量/(t/m)单位炸药消耗量/(kg/t)单位雷管消耗量/(发/t)单段雷管最大装药量/kg
13 8735 093.33 115.91 8182.720.220.13145.6(3段)
), ArticleFig(id=1322909406383439995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparative of technical and economic indexes of mining

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采矿方法采场生产能力/(t/d)损失率/%贫化率/%采矿直接成本/(元/t)
浅孔留矿法60.018.524.662.29
脉外采准中深孔分段空场法114.610.112.451.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322909406475714684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909393544675380, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

采矿技术经济指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采矿方法采场生产能力/(t/d)损失率/%贫化率/%采矿直接成本/(元/t)
浅孔留矿法60.018.524.662.29
脉外采准中深孔分段空场法114.610.112.451.23
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中深孔分段空场法开采急倾斜软破薄矿脉的实践
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钟勇 1 , 杨宁 2 , 雷江龙 3
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(4): 9-15
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (4) : 9 -15
中深孔分段空场法开采急倾斜软破薄矿脉的实践
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钟勇1 , 杨宁2, 雷江龙3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州紫金矿业股份有限公司，贵州　黔西南布依族苗族自治州　562400
  • 2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
  • 3.洛阳坤宇矿业有限公司，河南　洛阳市　471700
作者简介:

钟勇（1989—），男，湖北监利人，硕士，工程师，主要从事地下金属与非金属矿山采矿技术研究。E-mail:

Practice of Mining Steeply Inclined and Soft Broken Veins by Medium-Deep Hole Segment-Open Pit Method
Yong ZHONG1 , Ning YANG2, Jianglong LEI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Guizhou Zijin Mining Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou 562400, China
  • 2.Changsha Institute of Mine Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Luoyang Kunyu Mining Co., Ltd., Luoyang, Henan 471700, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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摘要
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为解决上宫金矿急倾斜软破薄矿脉开采安全性差、损失贫化率大等问题，采用脉外采准中深孔分段空场法对F1-Ⅲ号矿脉进行了现场工业试验研究。结果表明：所有采准工程布置在脉外稳定岩体中，从脉外巷道向矿体内钻凿中深孔控制并回采矿体能够确保施工过程安全；采用以出矿进路作为爆破的初始自由面，3~4排炮孔同时由下向上逐次爆破形成全断面的无切割工程爆破拉槽技术能够显著减少安全隐患，降低开采费用，简化施工工艺；凿岩过程精确地判定围岩和矿脉的分界线，使用塑料套管护孔，并采取精细化爆破技术进行回采，采场工艺参数确定为最小抵抗线1.5 m、排距1.5 m、孔底距2.0 m、炸药单耗0.22 kg/t时，爆破效果最好，损失率降到了10.1%，贫化率降到了12.4%，采场生产能力较浅孔留矿法提高了54.6 t/d，采矿直接成本降低了11.06元/t。

急倾斜软破薄矿脉  /  脉外采准中深孔分段空场法  /  无切割拉槽  /  精细化爆破

In order to solve the problems of poor mining safety and high loss and depletion rate of the steeply inclined and soft broken veins in Shanggong Gold Mine, the F1-Ⅲ vein were subjected to on-site industrial experimental research using the quasi-medium-deep hole segmented-open pit method. The results show three aspects. Firstly, all the mining works are arranged in stable rock mass outside the vein, and the safety of the construction process can be ensured by drilling medium-deep holes into the ore body from the roadway outside the vein to control and recover the ore body. Secondly, the non-cutting engineering blasting groove technology, which takes the mine approach as the initial free surface of blasting and the 3-4 rows of holes are simultaneously blasted from bottom to top to form a full section, can significantly reduce safety hazards, reduce mining costs and simplify construction technology. Lastly, the dividing line between the surrounding rock and the vein is accurately determined during the drilling process, the hole is protected by plastic sleeves and the mining is carried out by fine blasting technology. When the stope process parameters are determined as the minimum resistance line of 1.5 m, the row distance of 1.5 m, the hole bottom distance of 2.0 m, and the single explosive consumption of 0.22 kg/t, the blasting effect is the best. The loss rate is reduced to 10.1%, the dilution rate is reduced to 12.4%, the production capacity of the mining site is increased by 54.6 t/d compared to the shallow hole retention method, and the direct mining cost is reduced by 11.06 yuan/t.

Steeply inclined and soft broken vein  /  Quasi-medium-deep hole segmented-open pit method  /  Non-cutting groove  /  Fine blasting
钟勇, 杨宁, 雷江龙. 中深孔分段空场法开采急倾斜软破薄矿脉的实践. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 9 -15 .
Yong ZHONG, Ning YANG, Jianglong LEI. Practice of Mining Steeply Inclined and Soft Broken Veins by Medium-Deep Hole Segment-Open Pit Method[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 9 -15 .
正文
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0　引言
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急倾斜软破薄矿脉一直是矿山开采的技术难题，目前国内诸多学者对此进行了深入研究。王莉等[1]、徐贞社等[2]、柏杨等[3]分别采用上向进路充填采矿法、下向分层充填采矿法、上向水平分层充填采矿法有效解决了破碎薄矿体的开采问题。黄传光等[4]、杨宁等[5]提出了分层崩落法在软破矿体开采中的应用方案。孟庆学等[6]、杨学武等[7]、潘征等[8]研究了中深孔在急倾斜薄矿体上的应用并取得了一定成效。虽然针对急倾斜软破薄矿体的开采方法众多，但是大多数矿山受自身资源赋存条件、生产经营效益所限，较少使用工艺复杂、成本高的采矿方法。
上宫金矿充分结合自身实际情况，针对矿区内的F1-Ⅲ号矿脉，进行了脉外采准中深孔分段空场法的工业试验研究。本文通过总结试验过程中采用的分区回采方案、矿岩边界圈定、无切割工程拉槽以及套管护孔、精细化装药等技术特点，以期为矿山后期大量开采急倾斜软破薄矿脉提供技术支撑。
1　矿区概述
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上宫金矿区坐落在华北地台南缘、熊耳山隆段区，该区域的岩石构造特征为单斜，且沿着东西方向延伸。该区域内存在9条构造带，其中F1-Ⅲ号矿脉完全由构造蚀变带控制。构造岩石包括砾岩、泥砾岩等，这些岩石被揭露后会迅速暴露，并在1~10 d内产生大面积垮塌。
上宫金矿已开采30余年，主要采矿方法为浅孔留矿法，然而因采矿安全问题突出无法有效对F1-Ⅲ号矿脉进行开采。矿山曾试验了其他改进和优化后的留矿采矿法，仍无法解决回采的安全问题。基于类似矿山采用脉外采准中深孔分段空场法开采取得了较好的应用效果，上宫金矿采用此采矿方法在F1-Ⅲ号矿脉进行工业试验研究。
2　采场工业试验研究
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2.1　试验采场概况
选择666~706 m中段之间的35~36线Ⅲ号脉矿房作为现场工业试验采场。该矿房矿脉倾向为303°、倾角为62°，平均厚度为3.66 m，平均品位为2.44 g/t。矿脉属于构造蚀变岩型，构造带的组成以含金构造角砾岩、碎裂岩、绿泥石以及安山岩、蚀变安山岩为主，矿化程度处于中等水平，矿化物质的层次变化明显，上下盘围岩的构造特征表现出明显的节理，围岩的稳定性相对较弱，矿体及其附近的蚀变带稳固性均较差，在被揭露后将出现垮塌现象。蚀变带外围岩稳固性较好，其中下盘围岩稳固性比上盘好。试验采场平面布置如图1所示。
2.2　采场回采方案
由于试验矿房矿体均极不稳固，设计将矿体和蚀变带综合回采。蚀变带外的围岩通常比较稳固，但局部较破碎。为了最大限度地利用围岩的自我承载能力，并减少因围岩垮塌造成的矿石贫化损失，在采矿过程中使用“强采强出”[9]和分区回采方案。
分区回采方案是将采场划分为西南分区和东北分区，以中心区域为界，如图2所示。先开采西南分区，后开采东北分区。当西南分区内的围岩垮落较少或者未垮落时，东北分区则以西南分区为自由面，采用侧向崩矿后退式回采作业。当西南分区的围岩垮落程度较为严重时，为了减少贫化损失，东北采区应该重新选择切割拉槽位置，并采取独立于西南分区的回采方案。
2.3　采场结构参数
试验采场的长度为50 m，高度为40 m，宽度平均为3.66 m（矿体厚度）。采场留顶柱，不留底柱，顶柱高5 m；为保护勘探线穿脉在666 m中段留设10 m间柱，其余分段留设5 m间柱；采用平底式底部结构，进路出矿，进路间距为5~7 m。中段高度上设置4个分段，分段高度为10 m。
为了准确掌握矿体赋存的三维形态，为回采提供准确的工程设计依据等，基于矿山实测中段平面图和分层平面图，建立采场三维可视化模型，如图3所示。
2.4　采准切割工程
2.4.1　采准工程布置
采准工程主要有人行材料天井、分段凿岩巷道、出矿进路和运输巷道。所有工程布置在蚀变带外较稳固的围岩内，采用中深孔控制并回采矿体，作业人员不进入矿体和采空区，人员作业安全能得到保障，试验采场采准工程布置如图4所示。采准工程布置参数见表1, 666 m中段进路联络道兼作一分层凿岩巷道。
2.4.2　无切割工程爆破拉槽
鉴于该试验矿房极不稳固的特征，当作业人员冒然在矿体内进行切割天井的施工且一旦出现矿岩大面积垮塌时，作业人员将面临极大的安全风险。虽然矿山中深孔采矿采用切割槽[10-12]的技术已经很成熟，但是此时该试验采场采用切割拉槽的方法已不合适。
通过不断探索，现场运用了一种无切割工程爆破拉槽技术，即作业人员在相对稳固的脉外巷道内施工中深孔，以出矿进路作为爆破的初始自由面，然后选取3~4排炮孔同时由下向上逐次爆破，形成全断面切割槽的技术。每次切割爆破采用选取的3~4排炮孔同时由下向上进行逐孔微差爆破，爆破后将切割矿石铲运出去，以便下次切割爆破时有足够的补偿空间。无切割工程拉槽布置如图5所示。
无切割工程爆破拉槽技术具有以下优点。
（1）采用无切割工程爆破拉槽技术时，作业人员在相对稳固的脉外巷道内通过中深孔直接爆破的技术，可以避免人员直接进入软破矿脉内进行切割天井施工，从而减少了工程施工时可能带来的安全风险。
（2）采用脉外中深孔代替切割巷和切割井的掘进，工艺简单，工人容易掌握。
（3）无需进行切割井和切割巷道的施工，减少了矿山的开采费用，降低了矿石的成本，提高了采矿的收益。
2.5　凿岩、矿岩边界圈定及护孔
2.5.1　凿岩及矿岩边界圈定
在试验现场使用YGZ-90型钻机施工上向扇形中深孔。由于采场矿体边界起伏较大、矿脉薄，为确保良好的爆破效果，要求爆破前准确掌握矿岩边界位置。经过不断总结发现，通过分辨钻机凿岩时发出的声音、观察孔内流出泥浆的颜色、检查掉落的碎屑尺寸大小以及钻工感知钻机的推进速度，可以较精确地判定出围岩和矿脉的分界线。图6是采场三分层10P炮孔图，为典型的炮孔及矿岩边界圈定图。
作业人员在脉外巷道向矿体内进行中深孔凿岩，经不断尝试和优化后的中深孔凿岩参数为最小抵抗线1.5 m，排距1.5 m，孔底距2.0 m。
2.5.2　塑料套管护孔
在试验中发现，当中深孔凿岩完成后，大多数炮孔会在24 h内坍塌堵塞，以至于无法进行有效的装药爆破作业，故而对已形成的中深孔炮孔采取必要的保护措施[13-14]显得尤为关键。为解决此问题，现场采用了易采购、易加工的塑料套管的护孔方案[15]。具体思路是先将所有钻杆从直径70 mm的炮孔中拔出，然后迅速使用预先准备的直径52 mm、壁厚3 mm的塑料管装入炮孔中进行护孔。为了确定塑料套管进入矿体中的深度，应提前用胶带等在套管上做标记，并记录对应的深度值。
采用塑料套管是因为其成本较低且易获取，同时具有一定柔韧性和抗压性，可以有效避免钻杆拔出后出现塌孔现象。经过现场不断试验，综合考虑了炮孔直径、炸药直径、护孔承载力、对爆破效果的影响等因素后，最终确定直径52 mm、壁厚3 mm的套管方案可行。
2.6　精细化爆破回采
由于矿脉边界变化大、矿体和围岩稳固性差，为降低回采的贫化损失，回采爆破需要进行精准控制[16-20]，以确保矿石爆破效果良好且围岩不被破坏。鉴于矿山缺乏装药的实践经验，为了提高装药效率，现场采用了竹片精细化装药技术，即将炸药牢固捆绑在竹片上，然后人工使用炮棍进行装药。
2.6.1　竹片精细化装药
装药前，先拔动塑料套管，当套管容易拔出时，说明炮孔未产生变形。首先将两节Φ32 mm炸药并排放置，然后用两根与装药长度相同的竹片将炸药包住，并用胶带缠绕牢固，最后人工将制作好的竹片炸药条用炮棍送入孔内设计位置，记录实际装药数据。
当塑料套管不易拔动时，说明炮孔变形大；如果无套管时，炮孔已塌孔。采用单节药卷固定在竹片上，然后直接装入塑料套管中，并记录实际装药数据。竹片装药工艺如图7所示。
由于采用的是上向扇形炮孔爆破，当进行大角度炮孔装药时，药卷会掉落。当无套管装药时，宜选用两片长约85 mm的竹片，垂直地交叉成“十”字形，并用细铁丝固定牢靠，最后用炮棍将它们装入炮孔内。当有套管装药时，宜选用两片长约60 mm的竹片，然后采用上述同样操作即可。
2.6.2　精细化装药结构
爆破装药结构遵循以下原则操作。
（1）在矿体部位装入炸药，围岩处不装炸药；炮孔底部炸药装至矿体上盘边界1.5 m处为宜，炮孔口炸药装至矿体下盘边界0.7~1.0 m处为宜。
（2）在矿体破碎的情况下，炮孔内的护孔塑料套管不能被拔出，此时的炮孔受到了垮塌围岩的挤压导致炮孔实际装药孔径大幅缩小到约46 mm，此时采用单节Φ32 mm乳化炸药连续装药为宜。
（3）在矿体稳固的情况下时，炮孔内的护孔塑料套管能被拔出来。当孔内设计装药长度不足4 m时，宜采用双节Φ32 mm乳化炸药连续装药结构；当孔内设计装药长度超过4 m（含4 m)时，采用单、双节Φ32 mm乳化炸药交替的连续装药结构为宜。如果使用双节药卷连续装药，会增加炸药单耗以及爆破成本。
3　试验采场研究成果
收起
3.1　爆破效果
采场爆破效果良好，矿石块度较小，出矿效率高，爆破效果见图8。
3.2　爆破技术经济指标
爆破技术经济指标见表2。
3.3　采矿技术经济指标
试验采场回采工作有效作业时间为146 d，累计出矿量为16 728 t，采出矿石品位为2.39 g/t。脉外采准中深孔分段空场法试验取得了良好成果，相较于矿山常用的浅孔留矿法采矿技术指标有较大提升，具体指标见表3。
4　结论
收起
（1）所有采准工程布置在脉外稳定岩体中，从脉外巷道向矿体内钻凿中深孔控制并回采矿体能够确保施工过程安全。
（2）采用以出矿进路作为爆破的初始自由面、3~4排炮孔同时由下向上逐次爆破形成全断面的无切割工程爆破拉槽技术能够显著减少安全隐患，降低开采费用，简化施工工艺。
（3）凿岩过程精确地判定围岩和矿脉的分界线，使用塑料套管护孔，并采取精细化爆破技术进行回采，采场工艺参数确定为最小抵抗线1.5 m，排距1.5 m，孔底距2.0 m，炸药单耗0.22 kg/t时，爆破效果最好，损失率降至10.1%，贫化率降至12.4%。相较于浅孔留矿法，脉外采准中深孔分段空场法采场生产能力提高了54.6 t/d，采矿直接成本降低了11.06 元/t。

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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间：2024-05-22
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-22
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    1.贵州紫金矿业股份有限公司，贵州　黔西南布依族苗族自治州　562400
    2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
    3.洛阳坤宇矿业有限公司，河南　洛阳市　471700
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