Article(id=1322909381196645283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729699200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335774944, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335774944, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335774944, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335774944, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909381368611748, articleId=1322909381196645283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Full-Time Stress Evolution Law of Cemented Rock-Tailings Filling Body in Deep Phosphate Mine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the engineering difficulties of strength design of filling body during deep phosphate mining, a combination of on-site monitoring and numerical simulation was used to monitor the stress of the cemented backfill in the full-time (filling stage, curing stage, bearing stage) of the mining site, so as to obtain the internal stress evolution law of the filling body. Numerical simulation analysis shows that after the first stage of mining and filling is completed, the stress is mainly generated by the reserved pillar bearing the overlying rock mass. After the completion of the second stage of mining and filling, the stress distribution of the filling body in the mining area is uneven, with a stress distribution pattern of “large in the middle and small at both sides” inside the filling body. The average stress on the filling pillars is 3.0 MPa. The on-site measured data analysis shows that the filling body is a passive bearing body, and it gradually begins to bear after blasting and mining the adjacent pillars of the filling body. After the back filling of the side pillar of the filling body, the maximum vertical stress reached 0.714 MPa. The mining area adopts a filling body with a design strength of 3.0 - 3.5 MPa, which can resist the disturbance stress generated by blasting mining, and the filling body is in a stable state.

, authors=Qiancheng SUN1, Qingwen WANG1, Youcai YANG2, Minzong ZHENG3, Zongjun ZHU2, Wang HE1, authorsList=Qiancheng SUN, Qingwen WANG, Youcai YANG, Minzong ZHENG, Zongjun ZHU, Wang HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Minzong ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909384040383427, articleId=1322909381196645283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=深部磷矿废石尾砂胶结充填体全时序应力演化规律研究, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对深部磷矿开采过程中充填体强度设计的工程难题,采用现场监测与数值模拟相结合的方法,对采场胶结充填体全时序(充填阶段、养护阶段、承载阶段)应力进行监测,从而获得充填体内部应力演化规律。数值模拟分析表明,第一阶段采充结束后,主要由预留矿柱承载上覆岩体产生应力;第二阶段采充结束后,采场充填体应力分布不均匀,充填体内部呈现“中间大,两头小”的应力分布模式,充填矿柱平均受力为3.0 MPa。现场实测数据分析表明,充填体为被动承载体,爆破开采充填体旁矿柱后,充填体才开始逐渐承载。充填体侧矿柱回采后,竖向应力最大达0.714 MPa。矿区采用设计强度为3.0~3.5 MPa的充填体,能够抵抗爆破开采产生的扰动应力,充填体处于稳定状态。

, authors=孙钱程1, 王庆文1, 杨友才2, 郑民总3, 朱宗俊2, 贺旺1, authorsList=孙钱程, 王庆文, 杨友才, 郑民总, 朱宗俊, 贺旺, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑民总, authorNote=

孙钱程(1988—),女,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学及研究工作。E-mail:

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郑民总(1994—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事地下隧洞围岩三维扰动应力测试技术与评价的研究工作。E-mail:
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孙钱程(1988—),女,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学及研究工作。E-mail:

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孙钱程(1988—),女,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学及研究工作。E-mail:

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caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of rock layers and filling materials in the mining area

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岩性密度/(g/cm3)黏聚力/MPa杨氏模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°)体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa
页岩2.7012.562.4800.245.80046.001.601.000
磷矿岩2.705.003.0000.133.00035.001.351.320
白云岩2.7010.002.4800.244.00040.001.601.000
充填体12.100.300.0600.210.10047.000.050.023
充填体21.700.080.0350.350.00350.000.040.013
), ArticleFig(id=1322909389333594125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909381196645283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿区岩层与充填体的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性密度/(g/cm3)黏聚力/MPa杨氏模量/GPa泊松比抗拉强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°)体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa
页岩2.7012.562.4800.245.80046.001.601.000
磷矿岩2.705.003.0000.133.00035.001.351.320
白云岩2.7010.002.4800.244.00040.001.601.000
充填体12.100.300.0600.210.10047.000.050.023
充填体21.700.080.0350.350.00350.000.040.013
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深部磷矿废石尾砂胶结充填体全时序应力演化规律研究
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孙钱程 1 , 王庆文 1 , 杨友才 2 , 郑民总 3 , 朱宗俊 2 , 贺旺 1
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(4): 1-8
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (4) : 1 -8
深部磷矿废石尾砂胶结充填体全时序应力演化规律研究
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孙钱程1 , 王庆文1, 杨友才2, 郑民总3 , 朱宗俊2, 贺旺1
作者信息
  • 1.三峡大学 防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室,湖北 宜昌市 443002
  • 2.湖北杉树垭矿业有限公司,湖北 宜昌市 443100
  • 3.中国科学院 武汉岩土力学研究所,湖北 武汉 430071
通讯作者:
郑民总(1994—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事地下隧洞围岩三维扰动应力测试技术与评价的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

孙钱程(1988—),女,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授,主要从事岩土工程相关的教学及研究工作。E-mail:

Study on the Full-Time Stress Evolution Law of Cemented Rock-Tailings Filling Body in Deep Phosphate Mine
Qiancheng SUN1 , Qingwen WANG1, Youcai YANG2, Minzong ZHENG3 , Zongjun ZHU2, Wang HE1
Affiliations
  • 1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
  • 2.Hubei Shanshuya Mining Co., Ltd., Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
  • 3.Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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针对深部磷矿开采过程中充填体强度设计的工程难题,采用现场监测与数值模拟相结合的方法,对采场胶结充填体全时序(充填阶段、养护阶段、承载阶段)应力进行监测,从而获得充填体内部应力演化规律。数值模拟分析表明,第一阶段采充结束后,主要由预留矿柱承载上覆岩体产生应力;第二阶段采充结束后,采场充填体应力分布不均匀,充填体内部呈现“中间大,两头小”的应力分布模式,充填矿柱平均受力为3.0 MPa。现场实测数据分析表明,充填体为被动承载体,爆破开采充填体旁矿柱后,充填体才开始逐渐承载。充填体侧矿柱回采后,竖向应力最大达0.714 MPa。矿区采用设计强度为3.0~3.5 MPa的充填体,能够抵抗爆破开采产生的扰动应力,充填体处于稳定状态。

充填体强度  /  应力演化  /  数值模拟  /  深部磷矿

In response to the engineering difficulties of strength design of filling body during deep phosphate mining, a combination of on-site monitoring and numerical simulation was used to monitor the stress of the cemented backfill in the full-time (filling stage, curing stage, bearing stage) of the mining site, so as to obtain the internal stress evolution law of the filling body. Numerical simulation analysis shows that after the first stage of mining and filling is completed, the stress is mainly generated by the reserved pillar bearing the overlying rock mass. After the completion of the second stage of mining and filling, the stress distribution of the filling body in the mining area is uneven, with a stress distribution pattern of “large in the middle and small at both sides” inside the filling body. The average stress on the filling pillars is 3.0 MPa. The on-site measured data analysis shows that the filling body is a passive bearing body, and it gradually begins to bear after blasting and mining the adjacent pillars of the filling body. After the back filling of the side pillar of the filling body, the maximum vertical stress reached 0.714 MPa. The mining area adopts a filling body with a design strength of 3.0 - 3.5 MPa, which can resist the disturbance stress generated by blasting mining, and the filling body is in a stable state.

Strength of filling body  /  Stress evolution  /  Numerical simulation  /  Deep phosphate mine
孙钱程, 王庆文, 杨友才, 郑民总, 朱宗俊, 贺旺. 深部磷矿废石尾砂胶结充填体全时序应力演化规律研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 1 -8 .
Qiancheng SUN, Qingwen WANG, Youcai YANG, Minzong ZHENG, Zongjun ZHU, Wang HE. Study on the Full-Time Stress Evolution Law of Cemented Rock-Tailings Filling Body in Deep Phosphate Mine[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 1 -8 .
随着矿山逐渐转入深部开采,“三高一扰动”所引发的地压灾害显现,如断面尺寸持续扩大,采空区面积不断增加,进而导致矿柱变形、顶板冒落等一系列破坏现象,严重威胁井下作业人员的安全。地压灾害成为新的安全管理难点,为控制采场地压灾害,大量学者对充填采矿法开展了研究[1-3]。充填采矿法的核心是充填与开采,目前主流的胶结充填已形成以水泥作为胶凝材料和采用新型胶凝材料两大类。
磷矿区胶结矿柱是由废石、尾砂、水泥加水搅拌后充填至采空区形成的人造充填矿柱,因充填材料获取简单,采空区治理效果较好,而在矿区得到了广泛应用。胶结充填体强度是充填采矿设计的关键控制参数,基于此,国内学者采用不同配比的充填料充填采空区,系统分析了不同强度充填体对采场地压的控制效果,并进行了充填体稳定性研究[4-9]。充填体稳定性研究主要集中在充填体的强度设计模型上,充填体强度设计理念的起源可以追溯到土力学领域的Terzaghi法,该方法认为充填材料的性质与固结土的特性有着相似之处[10]。
THOMAS等[11]通过构建充填挡墙强度模型,提出了充填体底部应力解析模型,得到了充填体底部应力计算公式。MITCHELL等[12]通过室内试验分析充填体滑动失稳特征,建立了三维锲体滑动模型,为充填体一侧揭露时沿滑动面的破坏分析提供了理论依据。LI等[13-14]针对现场不同工况条件下充填体的受力进行分析,提出了强度计算新方法,并对充填体强度需求模型进行了修正。蔡嗣经[15]通过统计国内外31座矿山充填体的高度与强度,提出了一种半立方抛物线强度经验公式。卢平[16]将充填矿柱作为自立性被动支护结构,推导出一种基于自立稳定的强度设计方法。曹帅等[17]基于弹性力学平面应变基本假设,建立了阶段嗣后胶结充填体矿柱力学模型并进行理论求解,得出胶结充填体矿柱水平应力随矿柱高度的增高而逐渐增大。吴爱祥等[18]通过分析拱架效应对充填体垂直应力的折减规律,提出了基于应力折减的充填体强度设计方法。王俊等[19]通过建立采场充填体强度模型,实现了充填体强度与最大应力的合理匹配。魏晓明等[20]通过自主设计的充填体应力监测系统,获取了充填体内部三向应力的时序演化规律,建立了高阶段采场充填体强度预测模型。
综上所述,学者们采用了多种方法对充填体应力分布与充填体强度设计开展了相关研究。针对强度模型、应力分布方面研究较多,而针对深部磷矿废石尾砂胶结充填体内部应力演化规律开展的现场实测与分析研究较少。研究充填到承载全阶段应力演化规律对于分析充填体受力、设计充填体强度、判断充填体的稳定性具有重要意义。
鉴于此,本文采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法对杉树垭磷矿矿区充填体全阶段应力演化规律开展研究,结合充填试块室内试验,深入分析矿区充填体稳定性特征,研究成果可为类似地质采矿条件的矿区提供参考。
杉树垭磷矿区西部矿段位于我国湖北省宜昌市西北部,属夷陵区樟村坪镇管辖。矿区内山脉水系呈北东向展布,中部凸起,北西与南东边缘为谷地,山高谷深,地形陡峻,最高海拔标高为1 539.0 m,最低海拔标高为805.4 m,相对高差为400~500 m,属于中山地貌类型[21]。矿区具有工业开采价值的磷矿层为胡集段的中磷层PH2矿层,矿区埋深最大可达750 m。
该磷矿山采用分阶段充填采矿法进行开采,主要通过胶结充填体置换磷矿柱来控制顶板的沉降,具体流程如图1所示。
分阶段充填采矿法是在工作面每隔一定距离保留一定宽度的磷矿柱(一般磷矿区留设宽度为4~5 m),以支撑顶板,防止其坍塌。这种采矿方法的特点是磷矿柱与采空区交替布置,整个开采过程可分为两个阶段:首先是第一阶段条带开采与充填,其次是第二阶段剩余条带的开采与充填。第一阶段,开采磷矿条带形成普通窄条带式布置(见图1(a)),条带开采完成后对采空区进行充填(见图1(b));第二阶段,充填体的强度达到设计要求后,在充填体柱的支撑下将条带矿柱回收(见图1(c)),同时对回收后生成的采空区再次进行充填(见图1(d)),从而实现充填体对采空区的有效支撑。该方法主要采用“隔一采一,采一冲一”的方式对采空区进行治理。“隔一采一”是指开采条带时,下一个条带与上一个条带间隔一定距离(一般为4~5 m),“隔一采一”的作用是“隔一”留设矿柱支撑顶板;“采一冲一”是指条带开采形成采空区后,立即对采空区进行胶结充填。
杉树垭磷矿区平均埋深约为400 m,平均采厚为4~9 m,磷矿层倾角为0°~2°,属近水平磷矿层。顶板为层状白云岩,平均厚度为10.5 m,属坚硬型,单轴抗压强度为98.0 MPa,抗拉强度为4.0 MPa。底板为页岩,平均厚度为5.0 m,属坚硬型,单轴抗压强度为80.5 MPa,抗拉强度为5.8 MPa。
采用FLAC3D软件进行数值模拟计算,该软件适用于分析渐进失稳和模拟大变形。矿区矿体建模采用应变软化模型,该模型可以用来解释和预测材料在受到极端载荷作用下的行为。矿区数值模型如图2所示。
依据矿区地质勘察报告中的钻孔柱状图,对模型的岩层进行划分,并考虑远场效应,对磷矿层、顶板及底板进行网格加密,其他岩层进行网格简化。建模用到的顶板、底板、矿体和充填体基本力学参数见表1。建立的模型分为8层,在模型上方施加与覆岩层质量相等的均布荷载,上覆岩层密度取2 500 kg/m3。
计算以z轴为高程,x轴为矿体走向,y轴为矿体倾向,整体模型尺寸为95 m × 65 m × 400 m(长×宽×高)。模型共划分为537 225个单元,557 568个节点。对模型的四周与底部边界进行约束,设定模型所有边界初始位移、加速度均为零。模型侧面产生的水平应力(σx、σy)由岩层自重引起,其大小可通过式(1)进行计算:
式中:λ为侧压系数;μ为岩石泊松比,一般取0.3。
为提取充填体在充填—承载阶段的全部应力数据,在边界位置(x=0 m, y=25 m, z=65 m)沿着x方向布置长为95 m的应力监测线,监测矿体与充填体内部应力变化。监测线的位置如图3所示。
矿区采用“隔一采一,采一充一”的方式对采空区进行治理。第一阶段开采后,留设矿柱以支撑矿区顶板,采用模拟软件分析第一阶段条带开采后采场内部应力变化,采场竖直方向应力云图如图4所示,采场应力监测曲线如图5所示。其中,条带1, 3,5, 7,9为第一阶段开采及充填位置,条带2, 4,6, 8为第二阶段开采及充填位置。
由图4可知,第一阶段磷矿条带被采出后,采空区左右两侧预留矿柱应力陡然增大,采空区顶底板应力释放,其内部应力急剧减小,此时上覆岩体所产生的应力由采空区转移至预留矿柱内部。
由图5可知,如9号条带开采完成后,8号条带预留矿柱竖直方向应力由原岩应力状态下的13.0 MPa增大到25.0 MPa,矿柱内部应力增大了约92.3%。
由上述分析可得:第一阶段磷矿条带开采会导致周围矿柱被动承载。
第一阶段条带充填采用胶结充填体,其抗压强度为3.0~4.0 MPa。第一阶段采空区充填后,采场应力云图如图6所示,应力监测曲线如图7所示。
由图6可知,9号条带充填体进入采场后,其内部应力保持不变,充填活动并不会影响矿区矿柱与其他充填体应力值。
由图7可知,9号条带充填体内应力为0.1 MPa, 8号条带矿柱应力依旧为25.0 MPa。由此可得:胶结充填料进入采场,经历水化、凝固后并没有马上发挥其承载性能,而是作为人造矿柱,起到限制两侧磷矿柱变形与提供矿柱侧压力的作用,从而间接提高了磷矿柱的承载能力。
第一阶段充填体养护1~2个月达到设计强度后,开始第二阶段条带回采。第二阶段条带开采后,采场应力云图如图8所示,应力监测曲线如图9所示。
由图8可知,充填体侧面磷矿柱被开采后,上覆岩体应力开始逐渐向充填体内转移。采空区顶底板应力急剧减小,此时上覆岩层应力由第一阶段留设矿柱转移至第一阶段充填体内与其他矿层内部。
由图9可知,如8号条带矿柱回采后,9号条带充填体内部应力增大,由第一阶段采冲结束时的0.1 MPa增大到2.1 MPa。第二阶段矿柱回采后,未开采的盘间矿柱与第一阶段充填体共同支撑顶板。应力首先转移至盘间矿柱上(55~60 m),其次是条带充填体,盘间矿柱应力由第一阶段采充结束后的22.0 MPa增大到42.0 MPa。磷矿岩石抗压强度为59.0~98.0 MPa,因此,第二阶段矿柱开采后,采场处于安全稳定状态。
第二阶段条带开采后,则进行第二阶段采空区充填,充填后采场的应力云图如图10所示,应力监测曲线如图11所示。
第二阶段充填完成后,第一阶段充填体内部应力增大,由2.1 MPa增大到2.2 MPa。第二阶段充填条带上部岩体应力减小了0.1 MPa。由此得出,第二阶段条带开采完成后,及时对矿区内部进行回填,对于提高第一阶段充填体承载能力、缓解上覆岩体应力集中、维持上覆岩体稳定性具有一定作用。
综上所述,第二阶段磷矿条带回采后,覆岩荷载逐渐向两侧充填矿柱转移。如开采8号条带磷矿后,7号、9号条带充填体内部应力出现明显增大,此时上覆岩层荷载主要由第一阶段充填矿柱承担。对比图5与图9可以看出,分阶段条带开采过程中,覆岩载荷的承载体第一阶段为条带开采后留设的磷矿柱,第二阶段为第一阶段的充填矿柱。第二阶段条带采空区充填后,第一阶段充填体侧压增大,充填体承载能力增强。
充填矿柱应力分布形态同第一阶段条带开采后的磷矿柱分布形态一致,平均受力约为3.0 MPa,充填矿柱两底角处存在小范围的高应力集中区约为3.2 MPa。整个采区充填体内部应力呈现“中间大,两头小”的分布模式,因此,条带充填体强度应设计为中间条带充填体强度大于两侧。
在杉树垭矿区董家河工区某400 m埋深条带充填体内,布设了1个光栅空心包体应力传感器,用于监测充填体回填及矿体开采过程中充填体内部三维扰动应力变化情况。传感器在充填阶段埋入充填体内部,安装于z=4 m(充填体高为5 m)位置处,x方向上对应充填体的正中心。数据采集自2023年4月14日开始,至2023年12月30日完成,具体埋设方案如图12所示。
充填体全时序应力演化数据如图13所示。分析可知,充填体承载应力数据随时间变化主要可分为以下几个阶段。
(1)充填阶段。随着充填的进行,充填体内部三向应力逐渐增大。其中,z方向应力变化最大,增长至0.280 MPa, y方向应力增长至0.165 MPa, x方向应力增长至0.121 MPa。
(2)养护阶段。胶结料浆脱水逐渐形成具有一定强度的充填体,上覆岩层荷载向围岩转移(内拱效应),充填体内应力逐渐减小并趋于稳定。其中z方向应力减小了0.030 MPa, y方向应力减小了0.020 MPa, x方向应力减小了0.020 MPa。
(3)承载阶段。在爆破开采的扰动作用下,充填体内部应力开始增大(每次爆破掘进2.8~3.0 m)。侧面矿柱回采后,充填矿柱处于单侧临空阶段,侧压力消失使得胶结充填体垂直应力增大。此阶段z方向最大应力为0.714 MPa, y方向最大应力为0.480 MPa, x方向最大应力为0.330 MPa。矿区采用设计强度为3.0~3.5 MPa的充填体,能够抵抗爆破产生的扰动应力,充填体处于稳定状态。
第二阶段磷矿条带回采后,充填体为顶板主要支撑体。充填体接顶效果较好,磷矿条带被采出后,上覆岩体应力向充填体内部转移,充填体进入被动承载阶段,其应力值呈近似线性增长。
承载阶段,充填体不仅要维持自身稳定性,还需承担上覆岩层传递而来的荷载。针对杉树垭磷矿工程实践,采用蔡嗣经教授提出的经验公式计算得出的充填体强度仅为0.30~0.35 MPa,而充填体承载最大应力达到0.714 MPa。若是盲目使用经验公式,则会导致充填矿柱承载能力不足,可能引发矿柱失稳,甚至顶板冒落等工程事故。
因此,设计充填体强度与判断充填体的稳定性,需要结合现场实际地质条件、水文条件、开采方式以及初始地应力大小等资料,有条件可开展现场实测或建立数值分析模型,综合分析后再进行充填体强度设计。
针对深部磷矿条带充填开采充填体强度设计的复杂性问题,本文采用数值模拟与现场实测的方法,系统分析了充填体全时序应力演化规律,得出以下主要结论。
(1)数值模拟分析可得,第一阶段采充结束后,主要由预留矿柱承载上覆岩体所产生的应力;第二阶段采充结束后,采场充填体应力分布不均匀,充填体内部呈现“中间大,两头小”的应力分布模式,充填矿柱平均受力为3.0 MPa。
(2)由现场实测数据分析可知,充填体承载应力数据随时间变化主要可分为充填阶段、养护阶段、承载阶段,其中充填阶段以及承载阶段充填体内部应力变化较大。由于充填体受上覆岩层传递而来的荷载,因此竖向应力较大,最大应力达0.714 MPa。
(3)设计充填体强度与判断充填体的稳定性,不能单纯凭借经验公式或者类比分析,还需要结合现场地质条件、水文条件、开采方式以及初始地应力大小等资料综合分析。针对杉树垭磷矿开采工程实践,矿区采用设计强度为3.0~3.5 MPa的充填体,能够抵抗爆破产生的扰动应力,充填体处于稳定状态。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2024AFB838)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-24
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湖北省自然科学基金(2024AFB838)
作者信息
    1.三峡大学 防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室,湖北 宜昌市 443002
    2.湖北杉树垭矿业有限公司,湖北 宜昌市 443100
    3.中国科学院 武汉岩土力学研究所,湖北 武汉 430071

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郑民总(1994—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事地下隧洞围岩三维扰动应力测试技术与评价的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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