Article(id=1322907703064002795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322907425740825534, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729699200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335374847, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335374847, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335374847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335374847, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322907425740825534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='300', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335308726, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335308726, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=237, endPage=246, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322907705177932013, articleId=1322907703064002795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on the Influence Mechanism of Different Magnetization Methods on Reverse Flotation of Hematite, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the effect mechanism of magnetization treatment on the reverse flotation behavior of hematite in dodecylamine-cassava starch system, water, starch, dodecylamine and pulp were magnetized respectively, and the mechanism of magnetization treatment in reverse flotation of hematite was analyzed by detecting the changes of reagent adsorption capacity, contact angle and Zeta potential under different magnetization methods. The results show that under the conditions of pH=9, starch dosage of 800 g/t, dodecylamine concentration of 20 mg/L and flotation machine speed of 2 100 r/min, the flotation recovery rate of hematite can be increased by 2.78, 4.16 and 3.84 percentage points respectively by magnetized water, magnetized starch and magnetized pulp. Magnetized water, magnetized starch and magnetized pulp can increase the capacity of starch adsorbed on the surface of hematite particles and reduce the contact angle of the solution on its surface. At the same time, magnetized water and magnetized starch also make the Zeta potential of hematite particles shift positively, while magnetized dodecylamine makes the Zeta potential shift negatively. Magnetized water and magnetized starch promote the adsorption of starch on the surface of hematite. Magnetized dodecylamine inhibits the adsorption of starch on the surface of hematite. Magnetized pulp promotes the hydrolysis of hematite surface, so that more starch can be adsorbed on the surface of hematite particles, thus improving the recovery rate of hematite.

, authors=Youbang LAI1, Siyang CHAI2, Fengjiu LI2, Aoshu MENG1, Qingmei JIA2, Liucheng ZHAO2, authorsList=Youbang LAI, Siyang CHAI, Fengjiu LI, Aoshu MENG, Qingmei JIA, Liucheng ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fengjiu LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322907714287960334, articleId=1322907703064002795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=不同磁化方式对赤铁矿反浮选的影响机理研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究磁化处理对十二胺-木薯淀粉体系下赤铁矿反浮选行为的影响机理,分别对水、淀粉、十二胺、矿浆进行磁化,通过检测不同磁化方式下的药剂吸附量、接触角和Zeta电位的变化,分析了磁化处理在赤铁矿反浮选中的作用机理。结果表明,在pH=9、淀粉用量为800 g/t、十二胺浓度为20 mg/L、浮选机转速为2 100 r/min的条件下,磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆分别可使赤铁矿的浮选回收率提高2.78, 4.16与3.84个百分点。磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆可以提高赤铁矿颗粒表面的淀粉吸附量,并降低溶液在其表面的接触角,同时磁化水、磁化淀粉还会使赤铁矿颗粒的Zeta电位正移,磁化十二胺则使Zeta电位负移。磁化水与磁化淀粉促进了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附,磁化十二胺则抑制了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附,磁化矿浆促进了赤铁矿表面的水解,使赤铁矿颗粒表面能够吸附更多的淀粉,从而提高了赤铁矿回收率。

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来有邦(1988—),男,河北唐山人,高级工程师,主要从事选矿技术研究与管理工作.E-mal:

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李凤久(1977—),男,河北唐山人,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事复杂难选矿物高效分选理论与工艺研究。E-mail:
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articleId=1322907703064002795, language=CN, label=图15, caption=磁化后赤铁矿颗粒表面的变化情况, figureFileSmall=FMnbFKUgzyPQ6H61cETy/w==, figureFileBig=FFqk7psX/AGIDpkB1yjk5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322907723913888096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907703064002795, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical composition of hematite ore

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TFeSiO2Al2O3MgOCaOPS
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赤铁矿原矿主要化学成分

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TFeSiO2Al2O3MgOCaOPS
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不同磁化方式对赤铁矿反浮选的影响机理研究
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来有邦 1 , 柴思杨 2 , 李凤久 2 , 孟奥书 1 , 贾清梅 2 , 赵留成 2
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(6): 237-246
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (6) : 237 -246
不同磁化方式对赤铁矿反浮选的影响机理研究
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来有邦1 , 柴思杨2, 李凤久2 , 孟奥书1, 贾清梅2, 赵留成2
作者信息
  • 1.河北钢铁集团司家营研山铁矿有限公司,河北 唐山市 063000
  • 2.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063000
通讯作者:
李凤久(1977—),男,河北唐山人,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事复杂难选矿物高效分选理论与工艺研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

来有邦(1988—),男,河北唐山人,高级工程师,主要从事选矿技术研究与管理工作.E-mal:

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Different Magnetization Methods on Reverse Flotation of Hematite
Youbang LAI1 , Siyang CHAI2, Fengjiu LI2 , Aoshu MENG1, Qingmei JIA2, Liucheng ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Sijiaying Yanshan Iron Mine Co., Ltd., Hebei Iron and Steel Group, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
  • 2.College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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为探究磁化处理对十二胺-木薯淀粉体系下赤铁矿反浮选行为的影响机理,分别对水、淀粉、十二胺、矿浆进行磁化,通过检测不同磁化方式下的药剂吸附量、接触角和Zeta电位的变化,分析了磁化处理在赤铁矿反浮选中的作用机理。结果表明,在pH=9、淀粉用量为800 g/t、十二胺浓度为20 mg/L、浮选机转速为2 100 r/min的条件下,磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆分别可使赤铁矿的浮选回收率提高2.78, 4.16与3.84个百分点。磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆可以提高赤铁矿颗粒表面的淀粉吸附量,并降低溶液在其表面的接触角,同时磁化水、磁化淀粉还会使赤铁矿颗粒的Zeta电位正移,磁化十二胺则使Zeta电位负移。磁化水与磁化淀粉促进了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附,磁化十二胺则抑制了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附,磁化矿浆促进了赤铁矿表面的水解,使赤铁矿颗粒表面能够吸附更多的淀粉,从而提高了赤铁矿回收率。

赤铁矿  /  反浮选  /  磁化处理  /  十二胺  /  木薯淀粉

In order to explore the effect mechanism of magnetization treatment on the reverse flotation behavior of hematite in dodecylamine-cassava starch system, water, starch, dodecylamine and pulp were magnetized respectively, and the mechanism of magnetization treatment in reverse flotation of hematite was analyzed by detecting the changes of reagent adsorption capacity, contact angle and Zeta potential under different magnetization methods. The results show that under the conditions of pH=9, starch dosage of 800 g/t, dodecylamine concentration of 20 mg/L and flotation machine speed of 2 100 r/min, the flotation recovery rate of hematite can be increased by 2.78, 4.16 and 3.84 percentage points respectively by magnetized water, magnetized starch and magnetized pulp. Magnetized water, magnetized starch and magnetized pulp can increase the capacity of starch adsorbed on the surface of hematite particles and reduce the contact angle of the solution on its surface. At the same time, magnetized water and magnetized starch also make the Zeta potential of hematite particles shift positively, while magnetized dodecylamine makes the Zeta potential shift negatively. Magnetized water and magnetized starch promote the adsorption of starch on the surface of hematite. Magnetized dodecylamine inhibits the adsorption of starch on the surface of hematite. Magnetized pulp promotes the hydrolysis of hematite surface, so that more starch can be adsorbed on the surface of hematite particles, thus improving the recovery rate of hematite.

Hematite  /  Reverse flotation  /  Magnetization treatment  /  Dodecylamine  /  Cassava starch
来有邦, 柴思杨, 李凤久, 孟奥书, 贾清梅, 赵留成. 不同磁化方式对赤铁矿反浮选的影响机理研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (6) : 237 -246 .
Youbang LAI, Siyang CHAI, Fengjiu LI, Aoshu MENG, Qingmei JIA, Liucheng ZHAO. Research on the Influence Mechanism of Different Magnetization Methods on Reverse Flotation of Hematite[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (6) : 237 -246 .
我国铁矿石储量在世界排名第四[1],但国内铁矿以贫矿为主,且随着铁矿资源的不断开发,其“贫、细、杂”的特点愈发突出[2],选别难度大大增加。赤铁矿作为铁资源的主要来源之一,其粒度细小并与脉石矿物嵌布紧密的特点使得机械分选法的分选效果大大降低,须进行浮选才能够获得所需品质精矿产品[3]。石英是赤铁矿中最常见的脉石矿物[4],反浮选能够有效地分离铁矿石与含硅脉石,降低铁矿中细粒嵌布的有害杂质[5]。淀粉[6]与胺类捕收剂[7]是赤铁矿反浮选中常见的抑制剂与捕收剂,因此选用了木薯淀粉与十二胺作为赤铁矿的抑制剂与石英的捕收剂。实现赤铁矿与石英更为高效的浮选分离,提高低品位赤铁矿的品位与回收率,有利于更好地应对资源枯竭问题,缓解国内对国外铁矿石的依赖,降低后续冶炼难度。
近30年,国内相关学者进行了大量磁化处理技术与矿业相结合的研究,主要集中于开采过程中的喷雾降尘[8-10]以及选矿领域的浮选[11-13]与浸出[14-16]。其中有关浮选的研究大多集中于赤铁矿[17]、辉钼矿[11]及萤石[12]的浮选。在引入磁化处理后,最终精矿的回收率往往会得到提高,其主要原因有以下两点:磁化处理影响了水和药剂溶液的表面张力[17]、pH[18]及润湿性[19]等性质,促进了药剂与矿物的作用效果[20],从而改善了浮选效果;矿浆经磁化处理后,矿物颗粒表面的水化膜[19]、Zeta电位与微水解发生变化[20],并由此导致了微细粒赤铁矿的絮凝效果增强,使颗粒表观粒度增大,颗粒直径的适当增大有利于颗粒与气泡的碰撞[21],对颗粒与气泡的黏附起到了一定的有利影响,从而促进了选别的进行。
影响磁化处理效果的主要因素有:磁化时间、磁场强度、磁场位型[17]以及介质流速[22]。根据磁化对象通常可分为3种磁化方式:磁化水、磁化药剂与磁化矿浆,3种磁化方式的处理效果不同[23]。目前,磁化处理对赤铁矿浮选的影响研究中通常采用油酸钠或油酸作为捕收剂[24],揭示了不同磁化条件对赤铁矿正浮选的影响。周文波等[23]研究了3种磁化方式对玉米淀粉体系下微细粒鲕状赤铁矿絮凝的影响,但并未进行反浮选试验。因此,开展磁化处理技术对赤铁矿反浮选影响的研究,有利于进一步揭示和完善磁化处理技术作用于赤铁矿浮选的机制与理论体系。
为明确不同磁场强度下磁化水、磁化药剂(包含磁化捕收剂和磁化抑制剂)、磁化矿浆3种磁化方式对十二胺-木薯淀粉反浮选体系中赤铁矿浮选的影响机理,研究了不同磁化方式对赤铁矿与石英浮选回收率的影响,并通过检测不同磁化方式下矿物颗粒表面的药剂吸附量、润湿性和Zeta电位的变化,进一步揭示不同磁化方式在该体系下的作用机理,完善磁化处理赤铁矿反浮选的基础理论。
本研究所用矿样为纯赤铁矿矿物和纯石英矿物,试验前进行了原矿样的制备,并对其纯度和粒度进行了测试。赤铁矿原矿取自巴西,其主要化学成分见表1。由表1可知,TFe品位为64.38%,SiO2含量为2.25%。
经过破碎—磨矿—重选的流程,制得TFe品位为67.34%、纯度为96.2%的赤铁矿纯矿物。赤铁矿和石英纯矿物的性质分析结果如图1所示。赤铁矿纯矿物的D50值为28.26 μm,达到微细粒粒级标准,真密度为4.94 g/cm3。石英原矿样取自美国的99.99%高纯石英,铁含量小于0.3 mg/kg,铝含量小于14 mg/kg。石英纯矿物的D50值为62.24 μm,真密度为2.61 g/cm3。试验所用药剂为碳酸钠、木薯淀粉与十二胺。
磁化处理由实验室自制磁化装置实现,装置结构如图2所示,主要由搅拌器、控制器、激磁线圈和可拆卸磁极等构成。不同类型起泡剂溶液在图3所示的区域磁化,两磁极的大小和形状完全相同,磁极间距可调节,通过调节激磁电流改变磁感应强度,更换磁极类型可改变磁化区域的磁场位型和磁场分布。
磁化方法如下。
(1)磁化水:首先将35 mL超纯水放入磁化区域内,启动搅拌器,搅拌转速为610 r/min,激磁,磁化时间为8 min,通过调整激磁线圈的电流大小改变磁感应强度。磁化后,关闭电源并取出试样。由于本文主要研究弱磁状态下磁化的影响,故设备磁感应强度范围设为0~400 mT。
(2)磁化抑制剂:将5 mL木薯淀粉溶液置于磁化装置中进行时长为8 min、搅拌转速为610 r/min的磁化过程,通过调整电流以改变磁化装置的磁感应强度,制得磁化木薯淀粉。
(3)磁化捕收剂:将5 mL十二胺溶液置于磁化装置中进行时长为8 min、搅拌转速为610 r/min的磁化过程,通过调整电流以改变磁化装置的磁感应强度,制得磁化十二胺。
(4)磁化矿浆:将5 g纯矿物与10 mL水混合搅拌后置于磁化装置中,搅拌转速为610 r/min,磁化时间为8 min,制得磁化矿浆。
向浮选槽中加入5 g赤铁矿纯矿物或石英纯矿物,并加入35 mL浮选用水。搅拌1 min,并按照顺序和用量加入相应的药剂。再次搅拌1 min后,以每分钟30次的频率刮去泡沫,持续4 min。浮选机转速为2 100 r/min,通过Na2CO3将pH调整为9,木薯淀粉用量为800 g/t,十二胺用量为20 mg/L。之后,将刮出的泡沫进行过滤、烘干并称重,以此计算回收率。所有试验重复3次,最终取3次试验结果的平均值。
吸附量检测方法:药剂在矿物颗粒表面的吸附量可以较为直观体现药剂的作用效果。使用TOC总有机碳检测设备并依据溶液内剩余的总有机碳含量的测试结果,可以推算出矿石表层所附着的化学试剂量。将磁化后浮选用水和浮选药剂按赤铁矿反浮选时的比例混合,沉降1 h,提取上清液并放入仪器中测定总有机碳含量,计算得出药剂在矿物表面的吸附量。
接触角检测方法:将矿化后的矿浆过滤、烘干,研磨至−20 μm,取0.3 g在30 MPa条件下压片2 min,置于接触角测量仪载物台上,滴加一滴纯水,进行接触角测试。
Zeta电位检测方法:称取500 mg粒度为−5 μm的矿样,将其置于40 mL浮选用水中进行充分润湿,之后加入药剂反应5 min,静置抽滤出带有微细粒的中上层清液,然后从所得的均质溶液中提取样本倒入Zeta电位仪,测定其电位值。
由于磁化水、磁化药剂及磁化矿浆已被证实对浮选存在明显的影响,且水、药剂及矿浆的性质变化对浮选存在重要影响,因此本节进行了上述3种磁化方式的单因素条件试验。
在pH=9、抑制剂木薯淀粉用量800 g/t、捕收剂十二胺浓度20 mg/L及浮选机转速为2 100 r/min的条件下进行浮选试验。预先对35 mL超纯水进行磁化处理,不同磁感应强度对赤铁矿和石英矿物浮选回收率的影响如图4所示。
由图4可知,赤铁矿回收率先随磁感应强度的增大而上升,且在磁感应强度为150 mT时达到峰值,赤铁矿回收率为89.02%,与未磁化(赤铁矿回收率86.24%)时相比提升2.78个百分点,提升幅度较小,随后在200 mT时回收率降为86.04%,略低于未磁化,此时磁化处理水会抑制反浮选流程,继续增大磁感应强度,回收率继续缓慢上升,磁化处理水的影响效果增强。在磁感应强度从0增大至400 mT的过程中,石英回收率略有上升。根据磁感应强度对水的影响试验,得出赤铁矿反浮选中磁化处理水的最佳磁感应强度为150 mT。
在与磁化水相同的试验条件下进行浮选试验。预先对抑制剂木薯淀粉进行磁化处理,不同磁感应强度对赤铁矿和石英矿物浮选回收率的影响如图5所示。
由图5可知,当磁感应强度低于150 mT时,赤铁矿回收率随磁感应强度的增大而上升,且在150 mT时达到峰值,赤铁矿回收率为90.4%,与未磁化时相比提升4.16个百分点,此时磁化处理对木薯淀粉的抑制效果增强,随后在200 mT时回收率出现下降,回收率为87%,与未磁化时大致相等,此时磁化处理对木薯淀粉的影响效果减弱,继续增大磁感应强度,当大于200 mT时,回收率继续缓慢上升,磁化处理对木薯淀粉的影响效果增强。在磁感应强度从0增大至400 mT的过程中,石英回收率保持在91%左右且波动幅度不大,磁化木薯淀粉对石英可浮性的影响不大。根据磁感应强度对木薯淀粉的影响试验,得出磁化处理木薯淀粉的最佳磁感应强度为150 mT。
在与磁化水相同的试验条件下进行浮选试验。预先对捕收剂十二胺进行磁化处理,不同磁感应强度对赤铁矿和石英矿物浮选回收率的影响如图6所示。
由图6可知,当磁感应强度低于100 mT时,赤铁矿回收率随磁感应强度的增大而下降,且在100 mT时达到谷值,与未磁化时相比下降了3.56个百分点,此时磁化处理对浮选分离产生不利影响。继续增大磁感应强度,回收率缓慢回升。石英回收率的变化趋势与赤铁矿回收率的变化趋势相反。由此可以得出结论,在低磁感应强度范围内,磁化处理十二胺对赤铁矿的回收率存在不利影响,且在磁感应强度为100 mT时影响最严重。
在与磁化水相同的试验条件下进行浮选试验。预先对矿浆进行磁化处理,不同磁感应强度对赤铁矿和石英矿物浮选回收率的影响如图7所示。
由图7可知,当磁感应强度低于100 mT时,赤铁矿回收率随磁感应强度的增大而上升,且在100 mT时达到峰值,赤铁矿回收率为90.08%,与未磁化时相比提升3.84个百分点,此时磁化处理矿浆对反浮选产生优化作用,随后在150 mT时回收率下降为87.44%,略高于未磁化,此时磁化处理矿浆的影响减弱,继续增大磁感应强度,当大于150 mT时,回收率继续缓慢上升并趋于平缓。在磁感应强度从0增大至400 mT的过程中,石英回收率保持在91%左右且波动幅度不大,磁化矿浆对石英可浮性的影响不大。根据磁感应强度对矿浆的影响试验,得出磁化处理矿浆的最佳磁感应强度为100 mT。从磁化水与磁化矿浆的第一个峰值可知,磁化矿浆产生的效果不仅是因为磁场对矿浆中所含水的影响,还包含了其他影响机理,导致二者峰值点的磁感应强度不一。
药剂吸附量、颗粒表面的接触角和Zeta电位可以表征药剂在矿物颗粒表面的作用情况及其对颗粒表面性质的影响,因此本节通过检测这3种特性参数来解释磁化处理对浮选的影响。
药剂吸附量对浮选过程具有决定性的影响,它直接关系到矿物表面性质的改变,进而影响矿物颗粒在水中的浮选分离。通过对水、药剂和矿浆进行不同磁感应强度的磁化处理,利用TOC总有机碳分析仪对药剂的吸附量进行测试,分别研究磁化水、磁化捕收剂十二胺、磁化抑制剂木薯淀粉和磁化矿浆对药剂吸附量的影响,每次试验仅加入一种药剂进行检测,探究药剂在赤铁矿颗粒表面的吸附状况。
磁化水对吸附量的影响如图8所示。由图8可知,在0~100 mT磁感应强度范围内,十二胺吸附量随磁感应强度的增大先增加后减小,从未磁化时的0.033 mg/g增加至100 mT时的0.040 mg/g,提升了21.2%,而后随着磁感应强度增大,磁化对十二胺吸附量的影响逐渐减弱;淀粉吸附量在磁感应强度为150 mT时接近极大值,从未磁化的0.425 mg/g增加至150 mT时的0.452 mg/g,提升了6.3%,继续增大磁感应强度,吸附量不再变化。
磁化药剂对吸附量的影响如图9所示。由图9可知,在磁化药剂时,十二胺吸附量随磁感应强度的增大先减小后增加,在100 mT时达到最小值,从未磁化的0.033 mg/g降至100 mT时的0.027 mg/g,下降了18.2%,当磁感应强度大于100 mT时,十二胺吸附量出现回升并持续增大;淀粉吸附量随磁感应强度的增大先增加后减小,在150 mT时达到最大值,从未磁化的0.425 mg/g增大至150 mT时的0.477 mg/g,提升了12.2%,继续增大磁感应强度,淀粉吸附量降低。
磁化矿浆对吸附量的影响如图10所示。由图10可知,在磁化矿浆时,十二胺吸附量在100~150 mT间出现波动,先从未磁化的0.033 mg/g增大至100 mT时的0.047 mg/g,提升了42.4%,然后在150 mT时降至0.029 mg/g,而后继续增大磁感应强度,十二胺吸附量持续增加。淀粉吸附量随磁感应强度的增大先增加后减小,从未磁化的0.425 mg/g增大至100 mT时的0.458 mg/g,提升了7.7%,继续增大磁感应强度,淀粉吸附量降低。磁化矿浆对矿物表面吸附药剂的能力有一定的加强。
矿物的润湿性反映了矿物颗粒与液体接触后液体在矿物表面扩散程度。在矿物颗粒浮选过程中,润湿性直接影响颗粒在气泡表面的附着效率。采用0~400 mT磁感应强度,对浮选用水、捕收剂十二胺、抑制剂木薯淀粉和矿浆进行磁化处理(8 min),并测试了浮选用水在矿物表面的接触角,以探究磁化处理对赤铁矿表面润湿性的影响。
磁感应强度对赤铁矿接触角的影响如图11所示。由图11可知,磁感应强度从0逐渐增加至150 mT时,磁化淀粉和磁化水分别使赤铁矿表面的接触角由30.4°降低至22.8°和25.1°;磁感应强度从0增长到100 mT时,磁化矿浆使赤铁矿表面的接触角由30.4°减少至24.2°。而捕收剂十二胺磁化后,赤铁矿表面的接触角略有增大;随着进一步提高磁感应强度,对接触角的影响逐渐减小。
磁感应强度对石英接触角的影响如图12所示。由图12可知,磁感应强度从0逐渐增加至150 mT,磁化水后石英表面的接触角由140.2°增加到145.8°;磁感应强度从0增加到100 mT,磁化处理捕收剂十二胺时石英表面的接触角从140.2°增大到146.6°。磁化处理淀粉和矿浆时石英表面的接触角几乎不变,与未磁化时相差不大;继续增大磁感应强度,磁化处理对接触角的影响减小。
磁化处理水、淀粉、矿浆使赤铁矿接触角减小,表面亲水性增强,矿物表面对水的亲和力提高,矿物颗粒不易与气泡附着,降低了赤铁矿上浮概率,增强了赤铁矿反浮选的抑制效果,提高了赤铁矿反浮选回收率。石英本身亲水性好,由于添加了捕收剂十二胺,其疏水性大大增强,浮选用水、捕收剂十二胺经过磁化处理后,石英表面接触角进一步增大,疏水性增强,更倾向于接触气泡,有助于石英矿物颗粒与气泡附着并随气泡上浮,提高了石英回收率。磁化处理有利于赤铁矿和石英的浮选分离。
Zeta电位可以反映颗粒表面电荷的大小和分布,在浮选过程中,Zeta电位的改变对矿物表面的吸附能力、矿物颗粒之间的相互作用以及矿物与药剂之间的相互作用都有着重要影响。以0~400 mT磁感应强度磁化处理浮选用水、捕收剂十二胺、淀粉,测试溶液中的Zeta电位。
磁感应强度对赤铁矿Zeta电位的影响如图13所示。由图13可知,在磁感应强度从0增大至150 mT的过程中,磁化水使的赤铁矿的Zeta电位从−39 mV降至−33.12 mV;磁化淀粉后赤铁矿的Zeta电位从−39 mV降至−28.68 mV,继续增大磁感应强度,Zeta电位呈现增大的趋势。磁感应强度从0增大至100 mT时,磁化十二胺后赤铁矿的Zeta电位从−39 mV上升至−44.6 mV。
磁感应强度对石英Zeta电位的影响如图14所示。由图14可知,当磁感应强度逐步增大时,石英的Zeta电位呈现负值上升趋势。具体来看,磁感应强度从0增大至150 mT时,用于浮选的磁化处理水的Zeta电位由−49.5 mV上升至−53.7 mV,而处理后的淀粉的Zeta电位也从−49.5 mV升至−51.4 mV。进一步增大磁感应强度后,可以看出石英的Zeta电位发生了下降。磁化处理十二胺时,磁感应强度从0增大至100 mT时,石英的Zeta电位从−49.5 mV增长到−53.2 mV。
在碱性条件下赤铁矿羟基化程度较高,表面存在大量亲水基,使颗粒表现出亲水性[25]。由于淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附能相较于水和羟基更低[26],使得淀粉能够通过竞争吸附在赤铁矿表面附着,进一步抑制赤铁矿颗粒的可浮性。
在磁感应强度为0~400 mT范围内,磁化水会使得赤铁矿表面接触角和Zeta电位先减后增,在150 mT时达到峰值,此时水在赤铁矿颗粒表面的润湿性最高,在石英颗粒表面的疏水性最强,对赤铁矿的抑制和石英的上浮起到了良好的促进作用。在pH=9的条件下,吸附苛性木薯淀粉和十二胺会使赤铁矿和石英的 Zeta电位正移[26],且淀粉会同时在赤铁矿表面和石英表面进行吸附[27]。由此可知,磁化水促进了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附,并抑制了淀粉在石英表面的吸附,导致两种颗粒表面的Zeta 电位出现了相反的变化趋势,并使得相应磁化方式下的淀粉吸附量在150 mT时到达峰值。最终促进了浮选分离过程的进行,提高了浮选回收率。
磁化抑制剂同样促进了淀粉在赤铁矿颗粒表面的吸附,淀粉吸附量先增后减,赤铁矿表面接触角和Zeta电位先减后增。但不同于磁化水的是,淀粉的磁化对石英表面的接触角和Zeta电位的影响微弱,且对赤铁矿的影响强于磁化水,说明磁化后的淀粉分子更容易在赤铁矿颗粒表面吸附,具有更强的选择性和作用效果。磁化十二胺会使赤铁矿和石英颗粒表面的Zeta电位先负移后正移,在100 mT时达到峰值,结合回收率的变化可以得出结论:磁化捕收剂会使得十二胺在两种颗粒表面的吸附量增加,导致淀粉分子在两种颗粒表面的吸附量大大降低,从而使得赤铁矿颗粒和石英颗粒大量上浮。
在磁感应强度为0~100 mT的范围内,磁化矿浆会导致两种药剂的吸附量都升高,但增加的淀粉吸附量更高,并且矿浆的磁化并未改变石英表面的接触角。向军等[20]认为磁化后的水和药剂促进了赤铁矿颗粒表面的水解,释放出了更多的Fe3+。磁化后赤铁矿颗粒表面的变化情况如图15所示,水解后的颗粒表面含有更多的正点位点,同时磁化对水润湿能力的影响也使得水分子更易附着在颗粒表面,最终造成了颗粒表面能够吸附更多的水分子,羟基化程度升高。与赤铁矿类似,在碱性条件下石英表面也可以生成水解产物,但Fe(OH)3具有较强的吸湿性,能够更为强烈地吸附水分子,再由淀粉通过竞争吸附增加赤铁矿颗粒表面的药剂吸附量,因此磁化矿浆能够单方面促进赤铁矿表面的淀粉吸附量。由于磁化还会对赤铁矿颗粒的絮凝产生影响[23],在较高磁感应强度范围内可能会造成微细粒范围内的赤铁矿颗粒表观粒度增大,促进了浮选过程的进行,因此磁化水、磁化淀粉、磁化矿浆的回收率在峰值后会出现先下降后升高的现象,且磁化矿浆的升高更快到达峰值。
综上所述,不同的磁化处理方式的影响机理不同。其中,磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆通过改变淀粉在赤铁矿和石英表面的吸附量,促进了反浮选过程的进行。由于磁化水抑制了淀粉在石英表面的吸附,因此磁化水还提高了石英的回收率。磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆对石英表面的接触角无影响,因此这两种磁化方式对石英的回收率无明显影响。磁化十二胺通过增强十二胺的捕收性能,无差别地促进了赤铁矿颗粒与石英颗粒的上浮。
(1)在pH=9、木薯淀粉用量为800 g/t、十二胺浓度为20 mg/L、浮选机转速为2 100 r/min的条件下,磁化水、磁化木薯淀粉及磁化矿浆分别可使赤铁矿浮选回收率提高2.78, 4.16和3.84个百分点,其最佳磁感应强度分别为150 mT、150 mT与100 mT。磁化处理捕收剂会增强赤铁矿与石英的可浮性,对赤铁矿反浮选起抑制作用。
(2)随着磁感应强度的增大,磁化水中淀粉的吸附量逐渐增加,在磁感应强度达150 mT后趋于平缓,十二胺的吸附量则表现出先增后减的趋势,在磁感应强度达100 mT时达到峰值;磁化淀粉使得淀粉的吸附量先增后减,磁化十二胺使十二胺的吸附量先减后增;磁化矿浆使淀粉的吸附量先增后减,十二胺的吸附量先增后减再增。
(3)在磁感应强度为0~400 mT的范围内,磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化矿浆均会导致赤铁矿表面接触角先减后增,磁化十二胺则表现出相反的趋势;磁化水与磁化十二胺会使得石英颗粒表面接触角先增后减,磁化淀粉与磁化矿浆对石英表面接触角无影响。磁化水、磁化淀粉和磁化十二胺均会使石英颗粒的Zeta电位呈现负值上升趋势,但对于赤铁矿颗粒的Zeta电位来说,前两者使Zeta电位正移,后者使Zeta电位负移。吸附量、接触角和Zeta电位峰值点的磁感应强度与回收率峰值点的磁感应强度一致。
(4)磁化水促进了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附,并抑制了淀粉在石英表面的吸附;磁化淀粉加强了淀粉分子;磁化十二胺抑制了淀粉在赤铁矿表面的吸附;磁化矿浆促进了赤铁矿表面的水解,使赤铁矿颗粒表面能够吸附更多的淀粉,从而提高了赤铁矿回收率。
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-24
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河北省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(236Z4109G)
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    1.河北钢铁集团司家营研山铁矿有限公司,河北 唐山市 063000
    2.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063000

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李凤久(1977—),男,河北唐山人,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事复杂难选矿物高效分选理论与工艺研究。E-mail:
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