Article(id=1322907675465482290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322907425740825534, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730044800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335368266, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335368266, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335368266, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335368266, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322907425740825534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='300', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335308726, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335308726, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=94, endPage=102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322907676233039923, articleId=1322907675465482290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Prediction Model of Large-Scale Surface Settlement in Mining Area Based on SBAS-InSAR Technology and SOA-BP Model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problems that the traditional prediction model is easy to fall into local optimal solution, the weight and threshold of BP neural network were optimized by seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), and the SOA-BP prediction model was constructed. Based on the time series settlement values of multiple high coherence points, the model can accurately predict the surface settlement in a large-scale in the mining area. The SBAS-InSAR technology was used to process 59 SAR images of the research area, and the time series settlement values of 6 997 high coherence points in the area were extracted. Based on the monitoring data, the SOA-BP prediction model was used to predict the surface settlement in the research area, and the prediction accuracy was calculated. The results show that compared with BP model, the maximum root mean square error of SOA-BP model is reduced by 82.77%, and the maximum mean absolute error is reduced by 81.13%. With the passage of time, the proportion of samples with residual distribution within ±5 mm of SOA-BP model is increased from 79.59% to 91.91%, and the maximum residual extreme value is decreased from 16.722 4 mm to 9.421 9 mm. The prediction accuracy of SOA-BP model is high, and it can accurately predict the law of surface settlement.

, authors=Dong ZHU1, 2, 3, Liangji XU2, 4, Xiaopeng LIU1, 2, 3, Zongyou CAO1, 2, 3, authorsList=Dong ZHU, Liangji XU, Xiaopeng LIU, Zongyou CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liangji XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322907684613259378, articleId=1322907675465482290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=SBAS-InSAR技术融合SOA-BP模型的矿区地表大范围沉降预测模型, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统预测模型易陷入局部最优解等问题,通过海鸥优化算法(SOA)对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,构建了SOA-BP预测模型,该模型基于多个高相干性点的时序沉降值,可实现对矿区地表沉降的大范围精准预测。采用SBAS-InSAR技术处理59幅研究区SAR影像,并提取了该区域6 997个高相干性点的时序沉降值,基于监测数据,采用SOA-BP预测模型对研究区开展地表时序沉降预测,并计算了预测精度。研究结果表明:SOA-BP模型相较于BP模型的最大均方根误差降低了82.77%,最大平均绝对值误差降低了81.13%;随着时间推移,SOA-BP模型残差分布在±5 mm范围内的样本占比从79.59%提升至91.91%,最大残差极值从16.722 4 mm缩小至9.421 9 mm。SOA-BP模型预测精度较高,能够准确预测地表沉降规律。

, authors=朱董1, 2, 3, 徐良骥2, 4, 刘潇鹏1, 2, 3, 曹宗友1, 2, 3, authorsList=朱董, 徐良骥, 刘潇鹏, 曹宗友, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐良骥, authorNote=

朱董(2000—),男,河北保定人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向矿山开采灾害监测与防护。E-mail:

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徐良骥(1978—),男,安徽潜山人,博士(后),教授,主要研究方向为矿山开采灾害监测与防护。E-mail:
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prediction models before and after optimization, figureFileSmall=o67LXz9WM8Y2OZIO9LM4Zw==, figureFileBig=AJjzjRAdPrG1NtnQLUJ97w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322907694234992826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907675465482290, language=CN, label=图10, caption=优化前后预测模型直方图对比, figureFileSmall=o67LXz9WM8Y2OZIO9LM4Zw==, figureFileBig=AJjzjRAdPrG1NtnQLUJ97w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322907694302101691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907675465482290, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistic of residual prediction of BP model

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日期中位数25%分位数75%分位数极值
2022-08-15–4.411 0–12.396 21.877 0–75.247 8
2022-10-14–11.858 7–21.742 2–3.262 8–95.907 4
2022-12-13–18.237 9–28.530 9–9.569 3–100.286 6
2023-02-11–16.987 8–28.024 5–8.214 5–103.715 2
), ArticleFig(id=1322907694385987772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907675465482290, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

BP 模型预测残差统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期中位数25%分位数75%分位数极值
2022-08-15–4.411 0–12.396 21.877 0–75.247 8
2022-10-14–11.858 7–21.742 2–3.262 8–95.907 4
2022-12-13–18.237 9–28.530 9–9.569 3–100.286 6
2023-02-11–16.987 8–28.024 5–8.214 5–103.715 2
), ArticleFig(id=1322907694499233982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907675465482290, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistics of predicted residual of SOA-BP model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期中位数25%分位数75%分位数极值
2022-08-151.995 8–0.200 34.441 116.722 4
2022-10-144.039 72.733 25.263 616.386 2
2022-12-132.952 52.076 43.677 99.605 2
2023-02-11–2.332 3–3.559 0–1.056 09.421 9
), ArticleFig(id=1322907694658617535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907675465482290, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SOA-BP 模型预测残差统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
日期中位数25%分位数75%分位数极值
2022-08-151.995 8–0.200 34.441 116.722 4
2022-10-144.039 72.733 25.263 616.386 2
2022-12-132.952 52.076 43.677 99.605 2
2023-02-11–2.332 3–3.559 0–1.056 09.421 9
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SBAS-InSAR技术融合SOA-BP模型的矿区地表大范围沉降预测模型
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朱董 1, 2, 3 , 徐良骥 2, 4 , 刘潇鹏 1, 2, 3 , 曹宗友 1, 2, 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(6): 94-102
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (6) : 94 -102
SBAS-InSAR技术融合SOA-BP模型的矿区地表大范围沉降预测模型
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朱董1, 2, 3 , 徐良骥2, 4 , 刘潇鹏1, 2, 3, 曹宗友1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.安徽理工大学 空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽 淮南市 232001
  • 2.安徽理工大学 深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室,安徽 淮南市 232001
  • 3.矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽省高校重点实验室,安徽 淮南市 232001
  • 4.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院,安徽 合肥 230031
通讯作者:
徐良骥(1978—),男,安徽潜山人,博士(后),教授,主要研究方向为矿山开采灾害监测与防护。E-mail:
作者简介:

朱董(2000—),男,河北保定人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向矿山开采灾害监测与防护。E-mail:

Prediction Model of Large-Scale Surface Settlement in Mining Area Based on SBAS-InSAR Technology and SOA-BP Model
Dong ZHU1, 2, 3 , Liangji XU2, 4 , Xiaopeng LIU1, 2, 3, Zongyou CAO1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Spatial Information and Geomatic Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Aviation-aerospace-ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
  • 4.Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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针对传统预测模型易陷入局部最优解等问题,通过海鸥优化算法(SOA)对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,构建了SOA-BP预测模型,该模型基于多个高相干性点的时序沉降值,可实现对矿区地表沉降的大范围精准预测。采用SBAS-InSAR技术处理59幅研究区SAR影像,并提取了该区域6 997个高相干性点的时序沉降值,基于监测数据,采用SOA-BP预测模型对研究区开展地表时序沉降预测,并计算了预测精度。研究结果表明:SOA-BP模型相较于BP模型的最大均方根误差降低了82.77%,最大平均绝对值误差降低了81.13%;随着时间推移,SOA-BP模型残差分布在±5 mm范围内的样本占比从79.59%提升至91.91%,最大残差极值从16.722 4 mm缩小至9.421 9 mm。SOA-BP模型预测精度较高,能够准确预测地表沉降规律。

SBAS-InSAR  /  大范围沉降  /  SOA-BP预测模型  /  时序沉降预测

In response to the problems that the traditional prediction model is easy to fall into local optimal solution, the weight and threshold of BP neural network were optimized by seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), and the SOA-BP prediction model was constructed. Based on the time series settlement values of multiple high coherence points, the model can accurately predict the surface settlement in a large-scale in the mining area. The SBAS-InSAR technology was used to process 59 SAR images of the research area, and the time series settlement values of 6 997 high coherence points in the area were extracted. Based on the monitoring data, the SOA-BP prediction model was used to predict the surface settlement in the research area, and the prediction accuracy was calculated. The results show that compared with BP model, the maximum root mean square error of SOA-BP model is reduced by 82.77%, and the maximum mean absolute error is reduced by 81.13%. With the passage of time, the proportion of samples with residual distribution within ±5 mm of SOA-BP model is increased from 79.59% to 91.91%, and the maximum residual extreme value is decreased from 16.722 4 mm to 9.421 9 mm. The prediction accuracy of SOA-BP model is high, and it can accurately predict the law of surface settlement.

SBAS-InSAR  /  Large-scale settlement  /  SOA-BP prediction model  /  Time series settlement prediction
朱董, 徐良骥, 刘潇鹏, 曹宗友. SBAS-InSAR技术融合SOA-BP模型的矿区地表大范围沉降预测模型. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (6) : 94 -102 .
Dong ZHU, Liangji XU, Xiaopeng LIU, Zongyou CAO. Prediction Model of Large-Scale Surface Settlement in Mining Area Based on SBAS-InSAR Technology and SOA-BP Model[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (6) : 94 -102 .
煤炭开采会对地下岩层结构造成破坏,进而引发采区地表出现长期且复杂的变形,同时还可能导致生态环境破坏、水资源污染以及基础设施损坏等地质灾害,对经济的可持续发展构成严峻挑战[1]。因此,有必要对矿区地表沉陷进行监测。
目前,矿区开采沉陷监测手段以GPS测量、精密水准测量为主,但传统监测手段监测成本高且只能获得离散点的沉降信息。为解决这一问题,许多学者应用D-InSAR技术实现了大范围地表监测[2],但当时间跨度较大或形变梯度较大时,容易产生失相干现象。针对这一局限性,BERARDINO等[3]提出了SBAS-InSAR技术,有效地解决了失相干问题。此外,后续学者对误差来源进行参数调整,使SBAS-InSAR技术的监测精度提升至毫米级[4]。
为预防矿区开采沉陷诱发的地质灾害,对矿区沉陷范围及其时空分布特征进行准确预测至关重要。目前,被广泛应用于矿区开采沉陷预测的模型主要包括:GM(1, 1)[5]、神经网络(BP)[6]、支持向量机(SVR)[7]、长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)[8]等。其中,GM(1, 1)对初始数据要求高且对于长时序预测存在局限性;SVR算法计算复杂且调参困难;LSTM算法计算复杂度高且超参数调整困难。相比于其他算法,BP算法更适合处理复杂的输入和输出关系,能够更好地解决非线性问题,但在模型训练时,容易发生过拟合现象[9]。鉴于上述现象,本文提出了SOA-BP预测模型,同时基于InSAR监测结果对矿区大范围地表沉降进行精准预测。
海鸥优化算法(SOA)是一种仿生算法,模拟了海鸥的迁徙和捕猎行为[10],可用于解决全局优化问题。
全局搜索阶段模拟了海鸥的迁徙过程,在迁徙时,海鸥需要避开其他海鸥以免发生碰撞,同时朝着目标位置前进。SOA在这一阶段的主要目标是引导海鸥个体避开局部最优陷阱,保持对整个搜索空间的探索能力。在此过程中,优化算法应满足以下3个条件。
(1)避免碰撞。海鸥会调整自身位置避免与其他海鸥发生碰撞,新位置Cs(t)的计算公式如下:
式中:Cs(t)为海鸥新位置,此位置不与其他海鸥发生冲突;Ps(t)为海鸥的初始位置;t为当前迭代次数;A为海鸥在给定范围内的移动行为,用于调节海鸥的探索能力。A的计算公式如下:
式中,fc为控制变量;T为最大迭代次数。
(2)确定方向。海鸥算子会根据自己与全局最优位置Pbs(t)之间的相对位置进行加速飞行,该阶段的目的是引导个体向全局最优解靠近,其运动方程为:
式中:Ms(t)为全局最优位置的方向;B为一随机数,由变量A和rd决定。B的计算公式如下:
式中:rd为[0, 1]范围内的随机数。
(3)靠近最佳位置。在确定最佳位置方向后,海鸥更新新位置为Ds(t),具体如下:
当海鸥接近猎物(即接近最优解)时,算法转向局部搜索阶段,模拟海鸥捕猎时的螺旋攻击行为。该阶段的目标是通过精准的螺旋运动,深入挖掘搜索空间的局部区域,从而更精确地找到最优解。海鸥通过螺旋运动轨迹逼近目标,利用不同的角度和速度调整攻击路径。其在三维空间(x,y,z)中的螺旋运动可通过以下方程描述:
式中:r为螺旋运动的半径,控制海鸥在平面上的旋转幅度;θ为螺旋角度,为[0, 2π]之间的随机数;u和v为定义螺旋形状的相关常数,控制螺旋轨迹在垂直方向上的变化。
通过螺旋运动,海鸥最终确定其攻击位置Ps(t)为:
BP算法是一种通过误差逆向传播算法进行训练的多层前馈神经网络,主要用于处理复杂的非线性映射关系。模型由输入层、隐含层和输出层组成,其工作原理为通过学习大量样本不断优化网络权重,增强数据间的映射效果。隐含层通过非线性变换提取数据特征,输出层生成最终预测值。训练过程中,模型通过计算输出与实际值之间的误差并反向调整权重,逐步优化模型参数,提高预测精度。BP算法拓扑结构[11]如图1所示。
假设研究区内有N+1幅SAR影像,这些影像按照时间序列(t0,t,t,⋯,tN)排列,选择其中一幅影像作为主影像,其余影像作为辅影像,可生成M个差分干涉图,M满足以下条件:
假设通过辅影像tA和主影像tB获取了第i辐差分干涉图,其中tB>tA,则任意像素点(x,y)的干涉相位值Δφi(x,y)为:
式中:φA(x,y)、φB(x,y)分别为tA、tB处的相位;λ为信号波长;d(tA,x,y), d(tB,x,y)分别为tA和tB相对时刻沿LOS向的累计形变信息。
将干涉相位表示为两个时间段之间的平均相位速率ui和时间差的乘积[12],具体为:
则第i幅干涉图的干涉相位可以表示为:
通过对各时间段之间的速度进行积分,即可得到各时间段的LOS方向的形变量。SBAS-InSAR技术流程如图2所示。
基于SBAS-InSAR监测结果,融合SOA-BP预测模型对工作面及其周边区域的沉降进行预测,算法实现流程如图3所示。
SOA-BP 预测模型的工作原理为: 通过SOA对海鸥行为进行模拟,对BP算法的权重和阈值进行重新赋值,以解决BP算法在预测过程中易陷入局部最优解的问题。BP算法通过不断计算误差,调整权重和阈值,逐步优化模型参数,以提高预测精度。
数据处理方面,首先对InSAR时序沉降数据进行归一化处理以消除量纲差异,随后将处理后的数据按照时间序列分为训练集(占比80%)和测试集(占比20%)。其中,训练集用于训练模型,测试集用于验证预测模型精度[13]。
本文以安徽某矿1241(3)工作面(回采时间为2020年12月13日至2021年8月31日)为研究对象,该区域位于安徽省颍上县东北部,开采方式为膏体充填开采。工作面呈矩形布置,走向长257 m,倾向长100 m,平均煤厚为5.1 m,平均采高为3 m,煤层倾角为15.2°。顶底板岩层结构为:基本顶为粉细砂岩,厚度为3.8 m;直接顶为泥岩、砂质泥岩,厚度为8.4 m;直接底为泥岩,厚度为4.1 m;基本底为细砂岩,厚度为3.2 m。研究区概况如图4所示。
本研究共采用了59幅Sentinel-1A雷达升轨数据,同时引入STRM1数据和精密轨道数据,用于消除地形误差和轨道误差。数据处理流程为:
(1)利用SARscape软件对SAR影像进行分析处理,获取工作面及其周边区域的监测数据;
(2)基于ArcGIS软件栅格转点功能,将InSAR获取的栅格数据提取至点;
(3)按照时间序列对沉降值进行提取并汇总,构建模型训练数据集。
为定量评估模型预测精度,平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)作为评价指标,其计算公式如下:
式中:为预测值;yi为真实值。MAE、RMSE数值越小,说明模型预测结果精度越高,预测值与真实值更接近[14]。
基于SBAS-InSAR技术获取了研究区LOS方向上的形变信息,由于研究区为膏体充填开采,总体沉降量较小,在不考虑水平位移的情况下,采用式(17)将LOS向的位移转换为垂向位移。
式中:dLOS为LOS方向形变;θ为卫星入射角。
如图5所示,InSAR监测结果与该工作面空间分布具有较好的一致性,表明研究区地表在2020年10月至2023年2月期间存在明显地表形变。监测结果表明,沉降速率由停采线一侧向开切眼一侧逐渐增大,研究区域的最大年平均沉降速率为–92.7 mm/a,该区域位于工作面东北侧,分析是受工作面北部老采空区残余沉降的影响。
本研究基于59幅SAR影像,获取了研究区域的整体形变速率,并按60 d时间间隔绘制了14幅地表累计形变图。以2020年10月24日的地表情况为基准,对1241(3)工作面开采时段监测数据进行分析,如图6所示。
由图6可知,随着工作面的推进,工作面开切眼一侧至采空区中心快速下沉,停采线一侧下沉量较小。时序监测结果显示,2020年12月工作面尚未回采,研究区整体沉降量较小,最大沉降值−22.98 mm位于工作面东南侧,主要受邻近工作面残余沉降的影响;2021年8月,随着工作面回采,研究区沉降范围以及沉降速率明显增大,已基本形成了稳定的西北-东南向发育的下沉盆地,最大累积形变可达−213.5 mm,位于移动盆地中心。值得注意的是,下沉盆地左右对称性较差,开切眼一侧下沉量较大且收敛较慢,分析是受采空区重复塌陷残余变形影响。
研究区特征点G1~G6沿盆地中心到盆地边缘均匀分布,具体位置如图4所示。提取各特征点沉降速率进行分析,如图7所示。2020年10月至12月期间,工作面尚未回采,最大沉降速率达–66.88 mm/a,位于工作面南侧,推测为残余沉降的影响;2021年2月至8月,工作面处于回采阶段,沉降速率增大,最大沉降速率达−199.79 mm/a,地表处于下沉的活跃阶段,此期间下沉面积及沉降量不断扩大;2021年10月至2022年4月,地表最大沉降速率为−108.89 mm/a,与上一阶段相比沉降速率减少了45.50%,此阶段已经处于下沉的衰退阶段,沉陷盆地范围基本保持不变,工程记录显示该阶段开展的注浆充填工程有效减缓了地表沉降;2022年6月至10月,地表出现抬升现象,最大抬升速率为45.44 mm/a,且下沉范围稍有减小;截至2023年2月,最大沉降速率为−26.58 mm/a,已趋于稳定。研究区地表沉降过程经历了下沉—稳定—抬升—稳定这4个阶段,阶段变化与工作面推进和充填活动进行有着紧密的关系,且充填活动对地表沉降有一定的抑制作用[15]。
为验证SBAS-InSAR处理结果的可靠性,选取工作面倾向线上20个水准观测点数据进行对比分析,考虑两者监测时间跨度不同,对InSAR监测结果进行插值处理,使其在时间跨度上与水准监测同步。水准监测结果与InSAR监测结果对比如图8所示。
对比结果表明,InSAR监测值与水准监测值发展趋势相似,但沉降量数值上存在差异,残差最大为13.21 mm,最小为0.22 mm。经过分析,差异主要成因如下:两者监测时间跨度不完全一致;工作面上方为农田和水域,导致相干性降低,从而影响监测的准确性。整体来看,下沉趋势的高度吻合验证了SBAS-InSAR技术在矿区沉陷监测方面的可行性。
为实现矿区大范围地表沉降预测,本研究从InSAR监测结果中提取6 997个高相干性点。按照时间序列,将前46期数据作为训练集,后13期作为测试集,用于模型训练与精度验证[16]。基于上述数据,对研究区进行了大范围的沉降预测,并绘制了4幅间隔时间为60 d的时间序列预测图。所有图像均以第一次数据获取时间2020年10月24日的地表情况为基准,通过与InSAR监测结果进行对比分析,系统评估了SOA-BP预测模型的可靠性,结果如图9所示。
由图9可知,预测结果与监测结果在空间上具有高度一致性。其中,2022年8月的预测残差相较于其他三个监测时段更大。结合图7能够得知,在该时段工作面周边区域开始出现抬升现象,增加了数据的复杂程度,这种复杂性对预测工作产生了消极影响。在2022年12月以及2023年2月,残差逐步减小。究其原因为研究区进入沉降稳定阶段,地表出现的沉降或抬升幅度均较小,有利于模型进行精准预测。
对SOA优化前后的BP模型进行对比,提取其预测结果的残差进行分析。优化前后预测模型对比直方图如图10所示,残差统计结果见表1和表2。由表1和表2可以看出,两种算法的预测结果相差较大,但残差分布相对集中,符合正态分布,说明预测模型不存在系统性偏差[17]。
误差指标结果表明,传统BP模型在4个预测时段中表现出较大误差波动,其最大均方根误差达25.927 0 mm,最大平均绝对误差为21.397 0 mm。而SOA-BP模型最大均方根误差为4.466 5 mm,相较于优化前降低了82.77%;最大平均绝对误差为4.038 4 mm,相较于优化前降低了81.13%。
时序分析结果表明,从第1时段至第4时段,SOA-BP模型残差分布在±5 mm范围内的样本占比从79.59%提升至91.91%,±10 mm范围的样本占比由99.00%上升为99.90%;最大残差极值从16.722 4 mm缩小至9.421 9 mm。
上述结果表明,SOA-BP模型的预测结果与实际监测结果较为接近,能够准确预测地面沉降的时序演化规律,预测结果精确度较高,展现出可靠的工程应用价值[18]。
(1)本文运用SOA对BP算法权值和阈值进行优化,建立了SOA-BP大范围地表沉降预测模型,克服了BP算法容易陷入局部最优解等问题。
(2)研究基于SBAS-InSAR所获取的地表沉降数据,按60 d时间间隔绘制了14幅地表累计形变图,结果表明,研究区经历了下沉—稳定—抬升—稳定4个阶段。与水准监测结果进行对比,残差最大为13.21 mm,最小为0.22 mm,验证了SBAS-InSAR技术在地表沉降监测方面的可行性。
(3)误差指标结果表明,SOA-BP预测模型的最大均方根误差和最大平均绝对误差分别为4.038 4 mm、4.466 5 mm,相较于优化前降低了82.77%、81.13%。随着时间推移,SOA-BP模型残差分布在±5 mm范围内的样本占比从79.59%提升至91.91%,最大残差极值从16.722 4 mm缩小至9.421 9 mm。
(4)SOA-BP模型的预测结果与实际监测结果较为接近,能够准确预测地面沉降的时序演化规律,预测精度较高,研究结果证明了SOA-BP预测模型的优越性,可为矿区安全生产提供技术支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52104173)
  • 安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022h11020024)
  • 国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLMRDPC21KF19)
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2025年第45卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52104173)
安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022h11020024)
国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLMRDPC21KF19)
作者信息
    1.安徽理工大学 空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽 淮南市 232001
    2.安徽理工大学 深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室,安徽 淮南市 232001
    3.矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽省高校重点实验室,安徽 淮南市 232001
    4.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院,安徽 合肥 230031

通讯作者:

徐良骥(1978—),男,安徽潜山人,博士(后),教授,主要研究方向为矿山开采灾害监测与防护。E-mail:
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