Article(id=1322907653462176262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322907425740825534, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723132800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335363020, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335363020, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335363020, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335363020, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322907425740825534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='300', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335308726, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335308726, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=255, endPage=262, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322907653617365511, articleId=1322907653462176262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Maghemite Ore in Zimbabwe, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A certain magnetite ore in Zimbabwe has a TFe grade of 42.01%, with fine particle size and high content of silicate minerals. To achieve effective dissociation of iron minerals and gangue, as well as improve the recovery rate of iron resources, a combined process of weak magnetic-strong magnetic-reverse flotation was adopted for experimental research. Through the grinding fineness test, it was determined that the coarse grinding fineness was −0.074 mm, accounting for 81%. The weak magnetic concentrate was further ground to −0.037 mm, accounting for 90%, and the strong magnetic concentrate was further ground to −0.037 mm, accounting for 85%. The magnetic field strength test results show that magnetic field strengths of four weak magnetic operations are 0.33 T, 0.20 T, 0.15 T and 0.10 T, respectively. When the magnetic field strength of the strong magnetic operation is 1.0 T, weak magnetic concentrate with a Fe grade of 62.26% and a Fe recovery rate of 12.25% and strong magnetic concentrate with a Fe grade of 51.32% and a Fe recovery rate of 64.76% could be obtained. For the strong magnetic concentrate, the optimized reagent system through reverse flotation condition experiments is determined with slurry pH of 11.0, corn starch dosage of 500 g/t, CaO dosage of 800 g/t, and self-developed collector CK-T1 dosage of 300 g/t. The closed-circuit test adopts the process of one coarse, two fine, and two scans, and the final Fe grade of the iron concentrate is increased to 65.95%, with a Fe recovery rate of 81.45%. Research has shown that the combination of fine grinding and weak magnetic-strong magnetic-reverse flotation processes can significantly improve the sorting efficiency of fine-grained magnetite, providing a technical reference for the efficient recovery of similar refractory ores.

, authors=Zhan HE, Shunyuan XIAO, Cheng FENG, Shuixiang SONG, Qiaomei CHEN, Xingye LONG, authorsList=Zhan HE, Shunyuan XIAO, Cheng FENG, Shuixiang SONG, Qiaomei CHEN, Xingye LONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322907658231099944, articleId=1322907653462176262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=津巴布韦某磁赤铁矿选矿试验研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

津巴布韦某磁赤铁矿TFe品位为42.01%,矿石嵌布粒度细且硅酸盐矿物含量高,为实现铁矿物与脉石的有效解离,提升铁资源回收率,采用弱磁-强磁-反浮选联合工艺进行试验研究。通过磨矿细度试验确定粗磨细度为−0.074 mm占比81%,弱磁精矿再磨至−0.037 mm占比90%,强磁精矿再磨至−0.037 mm占比85%。磁场强度试验表明,4次弱磁作业磁场强度分别为0.33 T、0.20 T、0.15 T、0.10 T,强磁作业磁场强度为1.0 T时,可获得Fe品位62.26%、Fe回收率12.25%的弱磁精矿和Fe品位51.32%、Fe回收率64.76%的强磁精矿。针对强磁精矿,通过反浮选条件试验优化药剂制度为矿浆pH=11.0,玉米淀粉用量500 g/t, CaO用量800 g/t,自研捕收剂CK-T1用量300 g/t。闭路试验采用“一粗两精两扫”流程,最终铁精矿Fe品位提升至65.95%,Fe回收率达81.45%。研究表明,细磨与弱磁-强磁-反浮选联合工艺的结合显著提高了微细粒磁赤铁矿的分选效率,为同类难选矿石的高效回收提供了技术参考。

, authors=何湛, 肖舜元, 冯程, 宋水祥, 陈巧妹, 龙姓也, authorsList=何湛, 肖舜元, 冯程, 宋水祥, 陈巧妹, 龙姓也, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

何湛(1996—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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何湛(1996—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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何湛(1996—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2019,50(7):1514-1520., articleTitle=Adsorption mechanism of starch and sodium oleate on magnetite using QCM-D, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322907670952424092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=180, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=李杰, 朱一民, 刘杰, journalName=有色金属(选矿部分), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李杰,朱一民,刘杰,等.辽宁某铁矿低温捕收剂浮选工艺试验[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2024(5):180-189., articleTitle=辽宁某铁矿低温捕收剂浮选工艺试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322907671032115869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=180, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=LI Jie, ZHU Yimin, LIU Jie, journalName=Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Jie,ZHU Yimin,LIU Jie,et al.Low temperature collector experimental on flotation process of an iron ore in Liaoning province with low temperature collector[J]. Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section),2024(5):180-189., articleTitle=Low temperature collector experimental on flotation process of an iron ore in Liaoning province with low temperature collector, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322907671103419038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=黄恩铭, 宋宝旭, 南楠, journalName=矿产保护与利用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄恩铭,宋宝旭,南楠,等.新型脂肪酸类捕收剂在鞍山式铁矿低温浮选脱硅中的实验研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2024,44(2):80-85., articleTitle=新型脂肪酸类捕收剂在鞍山式铁矿低温浮选脱硅中的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322907671166333599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=HUANG Enming, SONG Baoxu, NAN Nan, journalName=Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Enming,SONG Baoxu,NAN Nan,et al.Novel fatty acid-based collector in low-temperature desilication of iron ore by flotation in Anshan City[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2024, 44(2):80-85., articleTitle=Novel fatty acid-based collector in low-temperature desilication of iron ore by flotation in Anshan City, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322907658482758185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322907658491146794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, companyId=1322907658482758185, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322907658499535403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, companyId=1322907658482758185, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, 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caption=Flow of reverse flotation closed-civcuit test, figureFileSmall=VTu4Ylk/KUj+fw3jTvM7iA==, figureFileBig=eQADeR/+R9p40E0tyvsjSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322907666326106739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=图16, caption=反浮选闭路试验流程, figureFileSmall=VTu4Ylk/KUj+fw3jTvM7iA==, figureFileBig=eQADeR/+R9p40E0tyvsjSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322907666393215604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Semi quantitative analysis results of X-ray fluorescence spectra of samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeMnSPbCaSn*SiNa
40.260.040.430.010.0881.0015.720.02
MgKAlPOClZnTi*
0.140.040.140.0236.120.060.059.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666464518773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品的X荧光光谱半定量分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeMnSPbCaSn*SiNa
40.260.040.430.010.0881.0015.720.02
MgKAlPOClZnTi*
0.140.040.140.0236.120.060.059.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666535821942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main chemical multi-element analysis results in the sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeK2OSiO2Na2OSCaO
42.010.0534.640.030.430.11
CMgOAl2O3TiO2*P
0.010.150.1818.000.02
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666598736503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样品中主要化学多元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeK2OSiO2Na2OSCaO
42.010.0534.640.030.430.11
CMgOAl2O3TiO2*P
0.010.150.1818.000.02
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666674233976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of chemical phase of iron in the samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相态成分检测结果/%分布率/%
磁铁矿Fe4.7711.35
赤铁矿Fe31.9876.12
假象赤铁矿Fe4.3510.35
硅酸铁Fe0.240.58
硫化铁Fe0.290.69
碳酸铁Fe0.380.91
总铁TFe42.01100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666770702969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样品中铁的化学物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相态成分检测结果/%分布率/%
磁铁矿Fe4.7711.35
赤铁矿Fe31.9876.12
假象赤铁矿Fe4.3510.35
硅酸铁Fe0.240.58
硫化铁Fe0.290.69
碳酸铁Fe0.380.91
总铁TFe42.01100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666846200442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of exploratory test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率Fe品位Fe回收率
弱磁精矿14.6850.3618.01
强磁精矿51.2646.5858.18
尾矿34.0628.6923.81
原矿100.0041.04100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666917503611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

探索试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率Fe品位Fe回收率
弱磁精矿14.6850.3618.01
强磁精矿51.2646.5858.18
尾矿34.0628.6923.81
原矿100.0041.04100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907666972029564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of full process magnetic separation test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率Fe品位Fe回收率
弱磁精矿8.1662.2912.25
强磁精矿52.3651.3264.76
尾矿39.4824.1622.99
原矿100.0041.49100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907667039138429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

全流程磁选试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率Fe品位Fe回收率
弱磁精矿8.1662.2912.25
强磁精矿52.3651.3264.76
尾矿39.4824.1622.99
原矿100.0041.49100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907667118830206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of reverse flotation closed-civcuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率Fe品位Fe回收率
铁精矿63.8465.9581.45
尾矿36.1626.5218.55
给矿100.0051.69100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907667185939071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907653462176262, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

反浮选闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率Fe品位Fe回收率
铁精矿63.8465.9581.45
尾矿36.1626.5218.55
给矿100.0051.69100.00
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津巴布韦某磁赤铁矿选矿试验研究
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何湛 , 肖舜元 , 冯程 , 宋水祥 , 陈巧妹 , 龙姓也
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(6): 255-262
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (6) : 255 -262
津巴布韦某磁赤铁矿选矿试验研究
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何湛(1996—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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何湛 , 肖舜元, 冯程, 宋水祥, 陈巧妹, 龙姓也
作者信息
  • 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
作者简介:

何湛(1996—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Maghemite Ore in Zimbabwe
Zhan HE , Shunyuan XIAO, Cheng FENG, Shuixiang SONG, Qiaomei CHEN, Xingye LONG
Affiliations
  • Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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津巴布韦某磁赤铁矿TFe品位为42.01%,矿石嵌布粒度细且硅酸盐矿物含量高,为实现铁矿物与脉石的有效解离,提升铁资源回收率,采用弱磁-强磁-反浮选联合工艺进行试验研究。通过磨矿细度试验确定粗磨细度为−0.074 mm占比81%,弱磁精矿再磨至−0.037 mm占比90%,强磁精矿再磨至−0.037 mm占比85%。磁场强度试验表明,4次弱磁作业磁场强度分别为0.33 T、0.20 T、0.15 T、0.10 T,强磁作业磁场强度为1.0 T时,可获得Fe品位62.26%、Fe回收率12.25%的弱磁精矿和Fe品位51.32%、Fe回收率64.76%的强磁精矿。针对强磁精矿,通过反浮选条件试验优化药剂制度为矿浆pH=11.0,玉米淀粉用量500 g/t, CaO用量800 g/t,自研捕收剂CK-T1用量300 g/t。闭路试验采用“一粗两精两扫”流程,最终铁精矿Fe品位提升至65.95%,Fe回收率达81.45%。研究表明,细磨与弱磁-强磁-反浮选联合工艺的结合显著提高了微细粒磁赤铁矿的分选效率,为同类难选矿石的高效回收提供了技术参考。

磁赤铁矿  /  磁选  /  反浮选  /  磨矿细度  /  药剂制度

A certain magnetite ore in Zimbabwe has a TFe grade of 42.01%, with fine particle size and high content of silicate minerals. To achieve effective dissociation of iron minerals and gangue, as well as improve the recovery rate of iron resources, a combined process of weak magnetic-strong magnetic-reverse flotation was adopted for experimental research. Through the grinding fineness test, it was determined that the coarse grinding fineness was −0.074 mm, accounting for 81%. The weak magnetic concentrate was further ground to −0.037 mm, accounting for 90%, and the strong magnetic concentrate was further ground to −0.037 mm, accounting for 85%. The magnetic field strength test results show that magnetic field strengths of four weak magnetic operations are 0.33 T, 0.20 T, 0.15 T and 0.10 T, respectively. When the magnetic field strength of the strong magnetic operation is 1.0 T, weak magnetic concentrate with a Fe grade of 62.26% and a Fe recovery rate of 12.25% and strong magnetic concentrate with a Fe grade of 51.32% and a Fe recovery rate of 64.76% could be obtained. For the strong magnetic concentrate, the optimized reagent system through reverse flotation condition experiments is determined with slurry pH of 11.0, corn starch dosage of 500 g/t, CaO dosage of 800 g/t, and self-developed collector CK-T1 dosage of 300 g/t. The closed-circuit test adopts the process of one coarse, two fine, and two scans, and the final Fe grade of the iron concentrate is increased to 65.95%, with a Fe recovery rate of 81.45%. Research has shown that the combination of fine grinding and weak magnetic-strong magnetic-reverse flotation processes can significantly improve the sorting efficiency of fine-grained magnetite, providing a technical reference for the efficient recovery of similar refractory ores.

Maghemite  /  Magnetic separation  /  Reverse flotation  /  Grinding fineness  /  Reagent system
何湛, 肖舜元, 冯程, 宋水祥, 陈巧妹, 龙姓也. 津巴布韦某磁赤铁矿选矿试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (6) : 255 -262 .
Zhan HE, Shunyuan XIAO, Cheng FENG, Shuixiang SONG, Qiaomei CHEN, Xingye LONG. Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Maghemite Ore in Zimbabwe[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (6) : 255 -262 .
随着全球经济的发展,矿产资源作为支撑现代工业体系的重要基石,其开发利用日益受到重视。铁矿作为重要的金属矿产资源,在冶金、建筑、机械制造等众多领域具有广泛的应用价值。然而,由于铁矿资源的分布不均、品位差异以及开采技术水平的不同,其开发利用过程面临着诸多挑战。目前,铁矿的选矿方法主要包括磁选、磁选与重选结合、磁选与浮选结合等方法。在众多铁矿石中,含有磁铁矿(Fe3O4)和赤铁矿(Fe2O3)的矿石因其丰富的铁含量和广泛的应用前景,成为了选矿研究的重要对象。磁铁矿和赤铁矿的物理化学性质存在差异:磁铁矿具有较强的磁性,适合通过单一磁选工艺流程进行分离;而赤铁矿则通常需要采用浮选法或者联合工艺进行处理,如磁选与浮选结合、磁选与重选结合等,以提高矿石的品位和回收率[1-7]。在实际的选矿过程中,这两种矿物的共生特性对选矿工艺的设计提出了挑战,尤其是在矿石品位下降和开采难度加大的背景下,开发高效、经济的选矿方法显得尤为重要。
本文针对津巴布韦某一尚未开发的铁矿进行深入研究,着重分析其矿石特点和选矿过程中的难点。该铁矿主要由磁铁矿(Fe3O4)和赤褐铁矿(Fe2O3)构成,铁含量高,但矿石的嵌布粒度细,粗磨难以高效分离出含铁的矿物,要获得较高品位的铁矿,只能进一步减小矿物磨矿细度,增加其单体解离度,但同时也会导致脉石矿物被磨细产生次生矿泥,影响后续赤铁矿的浮选。此外,矿石中高含量的硅酸盐矿物也给选矿带来了不利影响。硅酸盐矿物不仅会与铁矿物共生,影响矿物的分离效果,还可能给选矿过程中的浮选阶段增加难度。因此,该矿在药剂选择和工艺流程上需要进行更加细致的优化,以确保铁矿和硅酸盐矿物的有效分离。
为应对上述难点,本文提出弱磁-强磁-浮选的联合工艺流程[8-11],该工艺流程能够充分发挥各个选矿设备的优势,适应该矿石的特性。在弱磁选阶段,主要对具有强磁性的磁铁矿进行回收,尽可能高效地分离出磁铁矿;再对弱磁尾矿中的赤铁矿进行强磁选回收;浮选工艺则可以对含硅酸盐矿物的赤铁矿进行处理,通过适当的药剂选择,进一步提升赤铁矿的选矿指标。
研究矿样取自津巴布韦某铁矿。首先将矿样破碎至−2 mm,再依次进行混匀、缩分、取样和化验分析。具体制备流程如图1所示。
通过X荧光光谱分析、化学多元素分析、物相分析对铁矿的化学成分、物相结构进行研究,分析结果分别见表1、表2和表3。
由表1、表2和表3可知,矿石中可供选矿回收的成分主要是Fe,品位为42.01%,其他元素不具综合回收利用价值。样品中的矿石组分主要是TFe,其次为SiO2,且含有少量Al2O3、MgO、CaO。有害杂质P含量较低,S含量为0.43%,选矿过程中需注意硫的富集趋势。铁化学物相结果显示矿石中铁主要赋存在赤铁矿、磁铁矿、假象赤铁矿中,少量赋存在其他矿物中。赤铁矿中的Fe含量约为31.98%,分布率为76.12%;磁铁矿中的Fe含量约为4.77%,分布率为11.35%。
根据铁矿选矿经验,初步采用弱磁工艺选磁铁矿、强磁工艺选别赤铁矿的选矿工艺流程进行探索试验,试验流程如图2所示,试验结果见表4,暂定磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占比60%。
由试验结果可知,−0.074 mm占比60%的磨矿细度下,难以获得合格的磁铁矿、赤铁矿精矿产品,此时获得弱磁精矿产率为14.68%,品位为50.36%,强磁精矿产率为51.26%,品位为46.58%,表明该铁矿与脉石矿物嵌布粒度较细,需进行细磨才能将精矿品位提高至合格水平。
细度参数直接影响矿物的分离效率和最终产品质量。复杂矿石,特别是细粒度和高硅酸盐含量的矿石,其合适的磨矿细度对于目的矿物与脉石解离至关重要。通过调节磨矿细度和再磨细度,可以优化矿物的颗粒分布,有效促进磁选分离和浮选过程,提高选矿效率[12-13]。本节探讨了粗磨、弱磁再磨、强磁再磨的磨矿细度对选矿效果的影响,试验流程见图3。
对原矿进行磨矿细度试验,研究了磨矿细度与选矿指标的关系,结果如图4所示。
由图4试验结果可知,随着磨矿细度的增加,弱磁精矿的品位先急速上升后趋于平缓,回收率先升高后降低;强磁精矿的品位和回收率均呈先升高后平缓的趋势。整体上,当−0.074 mm占比大于81%后,弱磁精矿、强磁精矿品位无明显提升。综合考虑,将磨矿细度定为0.074 mm占比81%。
在一段磨矿−0.074 mm占比81%的条件下继续开展弱磁再磨细度试验,查明再磨细度与磁铁矿选矿指标的关系,结果如图5所示。
由图5试验结果可知:当再磨细度达到−0.037 mm占比90%以上时,弱磁作业可获得品位超过62%的铁精矿产品。因此若需获得合格产品的弱磁铁精矿,粗精矿应再磨至−0.037 mm占比90%以上。
对弱磁尾矿进行强磁再磨细度试验,结果如图6所示。
由图6试验结果可知:当再磨细度达到−0.037 mm占比85%以上时,强磁精矿品位提升幅度较小,因此将强磁给矿再磨细度定为−0.037 mm占比85%,在此条件下,可获得Fe品位为49.21%,Fe回收率为78.66%的强磁精矿。
通过磁场强度试验,可以探索不同磁场强度对矿物分离行为的影响,进一步调整工艺条件,以实现最佳的选矿指标。试验以磁铁矿、赤铁矿的磁场强度为变量,试验流程见图7。
弱磁作业中的磁场强度直接影响磁铁矿物与杂质的分离效果。适当的磁场强度能够增强对磁性矿物的吸引力,从而提高铁矿的回收率和品位。对弱磁Ⅲ、弱磁Ⅳ作业开展磁铁矿磁场强度试验,结果如图8所示。
由图8(a)可知,随着磁场强度的增加,Fe品位逐渐降低,Fe回收率逐渐升高,当磁场强度高于0.15 T时,Fe回收率提升不明显,综合考虑品位和回收率,弱磁Ⅲ场强采用0.15 T。由图8(b)可知,随着磁场强度的增加,Fe品位逐渐降低,Fe回收率逐渐升高,当磁场强度高于0.10 T时,Fe回收率提升不明显,此时弱磁精矿Fe品位为62.26%,Fe回收率为12.25%。因此,弱磁Ⅳ磁场强度采用0.10 T。
对再磨后的强磁尾矿进行磁铁矿磁场强度试验,结果如图9所示。
由试验结果可知:强磁精矿Fe品位随磁场强度的增加而逐渐降低,结合精矿品位、回收率进行综合评估,将强磁作业的磁场强度定为1.0 T。
根据以上条件试验结果,进行全流程磁选试验,试验流程如图10所示,结果见表5。
由表5试验结果可知:根据选定的试验参数,进行全流程磁选试验,获得弱磁精矿Fe品位62.29%、Fe回收率12.25%;强磁精矿Fe品位51.32%、Fe回收率64.76%的选矿指标。强磁精矿Fe品位偏低,需再进行反浮选试验。
赤铁矿反浮选试验采用实验室XFD型单槽浮选机,称取强磁精矿干矿600 g放入1.5 L浮选槽内,搅拌速度为1 992 r/min,依次加入pH调整剂、抑制剂、活化剂、捕收剂,每种药剂加入后搅拌2 min。本研究采用长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司研发的捕收剂CK-T1;pH调整剂为NaOH;抑制剂为玉米淀粉;活化剂为氧化钙(CaO)。条件试验流程见图11。
在浮选温度为15 ℃,玉米淀粉用量为500 g/t, CaO用量为500 g/t, CK-T1用量为300 g/t的条件下,考察pH分别为8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0时对浮选指标的影响,试验结果见图12。
由矿浆pH试验结果可知,随矿浆pH的增加,精矿中TFe品位随之增加,当pH增加至11.0时,精矿品位趋于平稳,若pH继续增加,精矿品位提升不明显且回收率有所下降,所以后续试验矿浆pH选用11.0。
淀粉分子的结构中含有丰富的羟基(—OH),这些强极性的官能团具有双重功能:能够通过形成氢键的方式与水分子紧密结合,增强矿物的亲水性;另一方面,这些羟基还能在含有高电负性原子(特别是氧)的矿物表面上发生吸附作用,进一步促进矿物的亲水性[14]。在浮选温度为15 ℃,pH为11.0, CaO用量为500 g/t, CK-T1用量为300 g/t的条件下,考察抑制剂玉米淀粉对浮选指标的影响,试验结果见图13。
由图13可知,随着玉米淀粉用量的增加,精矿品位呈先上升再平稳的趋势,但回收率先增加后下降。当玉米淀粉用量为500 g/t时,精矿品位为61.35%,回收率为77.87%,继续增加抑制剂用量精矿品位无明显变化,故后续试验淀粉用量取500 g/t。
在较高的pH下,氧化钙在溶液中产生的离子能够吸附在一些脉石矿物表面,增加其表面亲水性,显著提高石英等脉石矿物与赤铁矿之间的表面性质差异,捕收剂能够更有效地选择性吸附在脉石矿物上,从而实现赤铁矿与脉石矿物的有效分离[15-16]。在浮选温度为15 ℃,pH为11.0,玉米淀粉用量为500 g/t, CK-T1用量为300 g/t的条件下,考察活化剂氧化钙对浮选指标的影响,试验结果见图14。
由图14试验结果可知,随着氧化钙用量的增加,铁粗精矿的品位明显上升并逐渐趋于平稳,精矿回收率逐渐降低。当氧化钙用量达到800 g/t后,若继续增加用量未能显著提升精矿的铁品位,反而导致精矿回收率降低。综合考虑精矿品位和回收率,最终确定氧化钙用量为800 g/t。
在浮选温度为15 ℃,pH为11.0,玉米淀粉用量为500 g/t, CaO用量为800 g/t的条件下,考察捕收剂CK-T1用量对浮选指标的影响,试验结果见图15。
由图15试验结果可知,随着捕收剂用量的增加,铁精矿的品位先上升后趋于平稳,铁精矿的回收率逐渐降低,为保证铁精矿品位且综合考虑回收率,最终确定捕收剂CK-T1的用量为300 g/t。
对赤铁矿强磁精矿进行反浮选闭路试验,采用pH为11.0,玉米淀粉用量为500 g/t, CaO用量为800 g/t, CK-T1用量为300 g/t。试验流程如图16所示,结果见表6。
由表6可知,在反浮选闭路试验过程中,通过优化浮选条件和药剂配比,获得了良好的浮选指标,铁精矿的Fe品位由51.69%提升至65.95%,Fe回收率为81.45%。
(1)津巴布韦某铁矿石中可供选矿回收的成分主要是Fe,品位为42.01%,其他元素不具综合回收利用价值。铁化学物相结果显示矿石中铁主要赋存在赤铁矿、磁铁矿、假象赤铁矿中,少量赋存在其他矿物中。该矿石嵌布粒度较细,通过磨矿细度试验,确定一段磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占比81%,弱磁作业需再磨至−0.037 mm占比90%以上,强磁作业需再磨至−0.037 mm占比85%以上,磨矿所需能耗较高。
(2)磁选条件试验,在最佳磨矿细度条件下,当磁场强度为弱磁Ⅰ 0.33 T、弱磁Ⅱ 0.20 T、弱磁Ⅲ 0.15 T、弱磁Ⅳ 0.10 T、强磁1.0 T时,可获得弱磁精矿Fe品位为62.29%、Fe回收率为12.25%;强磁精矿Fe品位为51.32%、Fe回收率为64.76%的选矿指标。
(3)对强磁精矿进行反浮选条件试验,反浮选流程为“一粗两扫两精”,适宜的药剂制度为:pH11.0,玉米淀粉用量500 g/t, CaO用量800 g/t, CK-T1用量300 g/t。在该最佳条件下反浮选闭路试验可获得铁精矿Fe品位65.95%、Fe回收率81.45%的指标。

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2025年第45卷第6期
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