Article(id=1322907579109749683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322907425740825534, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335345293, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335345293, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335345293, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335345293, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322907425740825534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='300', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335308726, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335308726, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=263, endPage=271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322907579373990836, articleId=1322907579109749683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Low-Grade Fine Grained Copper-Molybdenum Ore in Xinjiang, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problems of low grade, fine embedded particle size, and difficulty in separating copper and molybdenum in a certain porphyry copper-molybdenum ore in Xinjiang, a principle process flow of “copper-molybdenum mixed flotation, concentrate regrinding and copper-molybdenum separation” was determined. Through single-factor condition tests, the key technical parameters of each flotation operation were optimized, and on this basis, a whole process closed-circuit test was conducted. The results show that the stage grinding and stage separation can effectively control the degree of dissociation of the target minerals and avoid the overgrinding of the easily muddled gangue minerals. The copper concentrate with Cu grade of 23.58%, Mo content of 0.046% and Cu recovery of 82.97%, as well as the molybdenum concentrate with Mo grade of 34.21%, Cu content of 0.96% and Mo recovery of 66.38% are obtained by the whole process closed-circuit test of copper-molybdenum mixed flotation with one roughing, three cleaning and two scavenging and copper-molybdenum separation with one roughing, seven cleaning and one scavenging. Effective separation and recovery of copper and molybdenum have been realized. The research results can provide a technical basis for the efficient development and comprehensive utilization of the copper-molybdenum mineral resources.

, authors=Xu JIANG1, 2, Jie LI1, 2, Feng LIU3, Qiaomei CHEN1, 2, Zhaowang LI1, 2, authorsList=Xu JIANG, Jie LI, Feng LIU, Qiaomei CHEN, Zhaowang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322907583098532809, articleId=1322907579109749683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=新疆某低品位微细粒铜钼矿选矿试验研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对新疆某斑岩型铜钼矿品位低、嵌布粒度细、铜钼分离困难等问题,对该矿石进行了矿石性质和选矿工艺试验研究,确定了“铜钼混浮-精矿再磨-铜钼分离”的原则工艺流程,通过单因素条件试验,确定了各浮选作业的关键技术参数,并在此基础上进行了全流程闭路试验。结果表明:阶段磨矿阶段选别可有效调控目的矿物解离度,并避免易泥化脉石矿物的过磨,“一粗三精两扫”铜钼混浮、“一粗七精一扫”铜钼分离全流程闭路试验获得了Cu品位为23.58%、含Mo 0.046%、Cu回收率为82.97%的铜精矿和Mo品位为34.21%、含Cu 0.96%、Mo回收率为66.38%的钼精矿,实现了铜与钼的有效分离回收。研究结果为该铜钼矿产资源的高效开发与综合利用提供了技术依据。

, authors=江旭1, 2, 李杰1, 2, 刘峰3, 陈巧妹1, 2, 李昭旺1, 2, authorsList=江旭, 李杰, 刘峰, 陈巧妹, 李昭旺, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

江旭(1993—),男,江苏徐州人,工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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江旭(1993—),男,江苏徐州人,工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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Metal Mine, 2020(2):71-76., articleTitle=Mineral processing test of a porphyry type copper-molybdenum ore in Tibetan Plateau, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322907591252258843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, awardId=2022ZXB04-4, language=CN, fundingSource=中国五矿科技专项计划项目(2022ZXB04-4), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322907583421494218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322907583434077131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, companyId=1322907583421494218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322907583442465740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, 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Chemical multi-element analysis results of ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CuMoAl2O3SiO2SCaO
0.340.017 515.4859.800.874.28
FeK2OMgONa2OZnP
4.001.692.403.610.2630.093
CMnAs*Ag*Au*
0.150.0651.063.66<0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590132379662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿石的化学多元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CuMoAl2O3SiO2SCaO
0.340.017 515.4859.800.874.28
FeK2OMgONa2OZnP
4.001.692.403.610.2630.093
CMnAs*Ag*Au*
0.150.0651.063.66<0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590245625871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The content of the main minerals in the ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄铜矿辉铜矿黝铜矿斑铜矿辉钼矿磁铁矿
0.60.0350.080.040.0281.29
黄铁矿斜长石石英绿泥石黑云母钠长石
1.1240.7723.437.385.334.32
白云母绢云母辉沸石-浊沸石正长石铁阳起石方解石
3.882.552.851.821.130.98
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590329511952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矿石的主要矿物含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄铜矿辉铜矿黝铜矿斑铜矿辉钼矿磁铁矿
0.60.0350.080.040.0281.29
黄铁矿斜长石石英绿泥石黑云母钠长石
1.1240.7723.437.385.334.32
白云母绢云母辉沸石-浊沸石正长石铁阳起石方解石
3.882.552.851.821.130.98
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590405009425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of copper phase analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物相含量分布率
原生硫化铜0.20760.88
次生硫化铜0.08725.59
自由氧化铜0.0164.71
结合氧化铜0.0308.82
总铜0.340100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590488895506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

铜物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物相含量分布率
原生硫化铜0.20760.88
次生硫化铜0.08725.59
自由氧化铜0.0164.71
结合氧化铜0.0308.82
总铜0.340100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590568587283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of molybdenum phase analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物相含量分布率
硫化钼0.016 996.57
氧化钼0.000 63.43
总钼0.017 5100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590648279060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

钼物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物相含量分布率
硫化钼0.016 996.57
氧化钼0.000 63.43
总钼0.017 5100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590744748053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of mixed flotation test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
CuMoCuMo
混合精矿1.2323.391.010 083.5770.36
尾矿98.770.0570.005 316.4329.64
合计100.000.3450.017 7100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590811856918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

混浮闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
CuMoCuMo
混合精矿1.2323.391.010 083.5770.36
尾矿98.770.0570.005 316.4329.64
合计100.000.3450.017 7100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590887354391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Test results of copper inhibitor types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铜抑制剂种类与用量产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率%
CuMoCuMo
亚硫酸钠40 kg/t钼粗精矿19.8519.864.81017.1592.70
铜粗精矿80.1523.750.09482.857.30
混合精矿100.0022.981.030100.00100.00
硫化钠40 kg/t钼粗精矿13.5416.546.6509.7291.88
铜粗精矿86.4624.060.09290.288.12
混合精矿100.0023.040.980100.00100.00
硫化钠+巯基乙酸钠(30+10) kg/t钼粗精矿14.8917.036.36011.0491.94
铜粗精矿85.1124.010.09888.968.06
混合精矿100.0022.971.030100.00100.00
硫代硫酸钠40 kg/t钼粗精矿22.7319.474.13019.1792.95
铜粗精矿77.2724.150.09280.837.05
混合精矿100.0023.091.010100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907590979629080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

铜抑制剂种类试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铜抑制剂种类与用量产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率%
CuMoCuMo
亚硫酸钠40 kg/t钼粗精矿19.8519.864.81017.1592.70
铜粗精矿80.1523.750.09482.857.30
混合精矿100.0022.981.030100.00100.00
硫化钠40 kg/t钼粗精矿13.5416.546.6509.7291.88
铜粗精矿86.4624.060.09290.288.12
混合精矿100.0023.040.980100.00100.00
硫化钠+巯基乙酸钠(30+10) kg/t钼粗精矿14.8917.036.36011.0491.94
铜粗精矿85.1124.010.09888.968.06
混合精矿100.0022.971.030100.00100.00
硫代硫酸钠40 kg/t钼粗精矿22.7319.474.13019.1792.95
铜粗精矿77.2724.150.09280.837.05
混合精矿100.0023.091.010100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907591063515161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of closed-circuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
CuMoCuMo
铜精矿1.2123.5800.046 082.973.18
钼精矿0.030.96034.210 00.0966.38
尾矿98.760.0590.005 416.9430.44
合计100.000.3440.017 5100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907591130624026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907579109749683, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

闭路试验结果

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产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
CuMoCuMo
铜精矿1.2123.5800.046 082.973.18
钼精矿0.030.96034.210 00.0966.38
尾矿98.760.0590.005 416.9430.44
合计100.000.3440.017 5100.00100.00
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新疆某低品位微细粒铜钼矿选矿试验研究
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江旭 1, 2 , 李杰 1, 2 , 刘峰 3 , 陈巧妹 1, 2 , 李昭旺 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(6): 263-271
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (6) : 263 -271
新疆某低品位微细粒铜钼矿选矿试验研究
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江旭(1993—),男,江苏徐州人,工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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江旭(1993—),男,江苏徐州人,工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

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江旭1, 2 , 李杰1, 2, 刘峰3, 陈巧妹1, 2, 李昭旺1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.湖南省矿山固废综合利用工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.洛阳有色矿业集团嵩县矿业有限公司,河南 洛阳市 471000
作者简介:

江旭(1993—),男,江苏徐州人,工程师,主要从事有色金属矿选矿技术研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Low-Grade Fine Grained Copper-Molybdenum Ore in Xinjiang
Xu JIANG1, 2 , Jie LI1, 2, Feng LIU3, Qiaomei CHEN1, 2, Zhaowang LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 2.Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Mining Solid Waste Comprehensive Utilization, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3 Luoyang Nonferrous Mining Group Songxian Mining Co., Ltd., Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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针对新疆某斑岩型铜钼矿品位低、嵌布粒度细、铜钼分离困难等问题,对该矿石进行了矿石性质和选矿工艺试验研究,确定了“铜钼混浮-精矿再磨-铜钼分离”的原则工艺流程,通过单因素条件试验,确定了各浮选作业的关键技术参数,并在此基础上进行了全流程闭路试验。结果表明:阶段磨矿阶段选别可有效调控目的矿物解离度,并避免易泥化脉石矿物的过磨,“一粗三精两扫”铜钼混浮、“一粗七精一扫”铜钼分离全流程闭路试验获得了Cu品位为23.58%、含Mo 0.046%、Cu回收率为82.97%的铜精矿和Mo品位为34.21%、含Cu 0.96%、Mo回收率为66.38%的钼精矿,实现了铜与钼的有效分离回收。研究结果为该铜钼矿产资源的高效开发与综合利用提供了技术依据。

铜钼矿石  /  混合浮选  /  铜钼分离  /  阶磨阶选

In response to the problems of low grade, fine embedded particle size, and difficulty in separating copper and molybdenum in a certain porphyry copper-molybdenum ore in Xinjiang, a principle process flow of “copper-molybdenum mixed flotation, concentrate regrinding and copper-molybdenum separation” was determined. Through single-factor condition tests, the key technical parameters of each flotation operation were optimized, and on this basis, a whole process closed-circuit test was conducted. The results show that the stage grinding and stage separation can effectively control the degree of dissociation of the target minerals and avoid the overgrinding of the easily muddled gangue minerals. The copper concentrate with Cu grade of 23.58%, Mo content of 0.046% and Cu recovery of 82.97%, as well as the molybdenum concentrate with Mo grade of 34.21%, Cu content of 0.96% and Mo recovery of 66.38% are obtained by the whole process closed-circuit test of copper-molybdenum mixed flotation with one roughing, three cleaning and two scavenging and copper-molybdenum separation with one roughing, seven cleaning and one scavenging. Effective separation and recovery of copper and molybdenum have been realized. The research results can provide a technical basis for the efficient development and comprehensive utilization of the copper-molybdenum mineral resources.

Copper molybdenum ore  /  Mixed flotation  /  Copper-molybdenum separation  /  Stage grinding and stage selection
江旭, 李杰, 刘峰, 陈巧妹, 李昭旺. 新疆某低品位微细粒铜钼矿选矿试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (6) : 263 -271 .
Xu JIANG, Jie LI, Feng LIU, Qiaomei CHEN, Zhaowang LI. Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Low-Grade Fine Grained Copper-Molybdenum Ore in Xinjiang[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (6) : 263 -271 .
铜、钼作为我国重要的战略金属,被广泛应用于多个领域,是促进我国经济社会发展不可或缺的重要矿产资源[1-3]。我国铜钼硫化矿资源相对丰富,但普遍存在品位低,嵌布粒度细且矿物组成复杂等特点,因此,高效地回收利用低品位铜钼硫化矿对实现资源的综合利用具有重要意义[4-5]。目前,处理低品位铜钼硫化矿常用的选别方法为混合浮选法,即采用硫化矿捕收剂将铜钼一起捕收,再通过“抑铜浮钼”工艺对铜钼混合精矿进行浮选分离。该方法在兼顾铜钼回收率的同时,又要考虑两者的有效分离,以实现资源的最大化回收,所以合理的选矿工艺及高效的铜矿物抑制剂对铜钼的回收和分离极为关键[6-9]。针对某低品位斑岩铜钼矿,周峰等[10]进行了系统的选矿试验研究,通过混合浮选的工艺流程,采用新型抑制剂BK510抑制含量较高的次生铜,取得了较好的分离效果,实验室闭路试验获得了铜品位24.61%、铜回收率89.25%的铜精矿和钼品位46.21%、钼回收率84.01%的钼精矿。陈磊等[11]针对陕西某低品位铜钼矿嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂等问题,进行了选矿试验研究,通过“铜钼混浮-铜钼分离”的工艺流程,采用硫化钠抑制铜矿物,最终闭路试验获得了铜品位18.82%、铜回收率85.35%的铜精矿和钼品位47.14%、钼回收率79.24%的钼精矿,选别效果较为理想。为从黑龙江某大型选厂铜钼混合精矿中回收高品质钼精矿,解明亮等[12]对该混合精矿进行了工艺矿物学和选矿试验研究,发现混合精矿中铜钼金属矿物嵌布粒度细是导致分离困难的主要原因,通过采用精矿再磨的方法,控制再磨细度为−0.045 mm占75.43%,以巯基乙酸钠作为铜矿物抑制剂,闭路试验获得了钼品位为51.08%、钼回收率为86.28%的高品质钼精矿。
新疆某低品位铜钼矿含铜0.34%、含钼0.017 5%,矿物嵌布粒度较细,为获得合格的铜精矿和钼精矿产品,对该矿石进行了工艺矿物学和选矿试验研究,并通过“铜钼混浮-精矿再磨-铜钼分离”的工艺流程,取得了较好的浮选指标。研究结果为低品位且嵌布粒度细小的铜钼矿选别及分离提供了新的技术方法。
矿石的化学多元素分析结果见表1,主要矿物含量分析结果见表2。
分析结果表明,矿石中可供选矿富集回收的元素主要为铜和钼,含量分别为0.34%和0.017 5%,其他有价金属元素含量相对较低;金属矿物主要为黄铁矿和黄铜矿,少量黝铜矿、辉铜矿和辉钼矿等,其中黄铁矿是选矿富集回收铜钼时需要除去的主要金属矿物,脉石矿物主要有斜长石、石英、云母和绿泥石,以及少量钠长石、辉沸石-浊沸石等。
矿石的铜物相分析结果见表3,钼物相分析结果见表4。物相分析结果表明,铜主要以原生硫化铜形式存在,次生硫化铜次之,少量以结合铜和自由氧化铜形式存在,钼主要以辉钼矿的形式存在。
矿石中,铜矿物种类较为复杂,以黄铜矿为主,大部分微细粒黄铜矿呈稀疏浸染状嵌布在脉石矿物中,小部分黄铜矿沿黄铁矿边缘、裂隙、孔洞充填交代,形成包含结构、交代残余结构,微量黄铜矿与磁铁矿、闪锌矿、辉钼矿等连生,整体而言,矿石中黄铜矿嵌布粒度小,需细磨方可将黄铜矿从黄铁矿或脉石矿物中解离出来。矿石中辉钼矿整体粒径小,主要处于0.01~0.052 mm之间,大部分辉钼矿不均匀分布在脉石矿物中,局部可见钼矿物以集合体形式分布,与脉石矿物关系密切,小部分辉钼矿与黄铜矿、黄铁矿等紧密镶嵌。
综合分析,影响该铜钼矿资源高效回收利用的关键在于矿石中两种主要有价金属铜和钼的高效富集和有效分离,其难点在于:
(1)铜赋存在多种铜矿物中,次生硫化铜含量低且嵌布粒度细小,不利于铜矿物的选别和铜钼分离;
(2)矿石中含一定量的黑云母、白云母、绢云母、绿泥石、辉沸石-浊沸石,这些矿物易磨易泥化,恶化浮选环境,对精矿品位和回收率将产生一定影响;
(3)大部分黄铜矿和辉钼矿嵌布粒度细小、嵌布关系较为复杂,不利于精矿品位的提高,需增加再磨作业。
因为该矿石中的大部分黄铜矿和辉钼矿嵌布粒度细小、嵌布关系较为复杂,且矿石中含有一定量易浮易泥化脉石矿物,因此,选矿工艺既要尽量防止易泥化脉石矿物过磨,又要使嵌布粒度细小的铜矿物和辉钼矿充分解离。此外,黄铜矿和辉钼矿属于原生硫化矿,可浮性相近,为此,采用“铜钼混浮-精矿再磨-铜钼分离”的工艺流程进行选矿试验。
磨矿细度试验的流程和药剂制度如图1所示,试验结果如图2所示。
由图2可知,随着磨矿细度的增加,铜、钼矿物逐步解离,回收率逐渐提高;继续增大磨矿细度,回收率波动不大,品位有所下降,说明过高的磨矿细度会造成泥质脉石矿物过磨,导致浮选过程中脉石矿物被泡沫夹带上浮,不利于粗精矿品位的提高。综合考虑,后续试验选取粗选磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占80.72%。
矿石中的黄铁矿是选矿富集回收铜钼时需要除去的主要金属矿物。石灰是铜浮选工艺中黄铁矿的有效抑制剂,同时能够消除矿浆中的某些难免离子,改善矿浆环境[13]。固定磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占80.72%,水玻璃用量为500 g/t, Z200用量为16 g/t, 2号油用量为6 g/t,仅改变石灰用量进行浮选试验,试验流程如图1所示,试验结果如图3所示。
由图3可知,随着石灰用量的增加,黄铁矿得到了有效的抑制,粗精矿品位逐渐提高;继续增大石灰用量,回收率有所下降,说明过多的石灰对铜钼矿物也起到了一定的抑制作用,综合考虑,选取粗选石灰用量为1 500 g/t,此时矿浆的pH为9.5。
水玻璃是硅酸盐矿物的常用抑制剂,同时对矿泥也有一定的分散作用。固定磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占80.72%,石灰用量为1 500 g/t, Z200用量为16 g/t, 2号油用量为6 g/t,仅改变水玻璃用量进行试验,试验流程如图1所示,试验结果如图4所示。
由图4可知,水玻璃用量过大时,粗精矿回收率显著降低,说明部分嵌布于硅酸盐脉石矿物中的铜、钼贫连生体得到了抑制,综合考虑,选取粗选水玻璃用量为800 g/t。
硫氨酯类捕收剂对黄铜矿具有良好的选择性,同时具备一定的起泡性能。固定磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占80.72%,石灰用量为1 500 g/t,水玻璃用量为800 g/t, 2号油用量为6 g/t,仅改变Z200用量进行试验,试验流程如图1所示,试验结果如图5所示。
由图5可知,随着Z200用量的增加,粗精矿回收率先增大后趋于平稳,品位逐渐降低,综合考虑,选取粗选Z200用量为12 g/t。
在上述条件试验结果的基础上,进行“一粗二扫三精”的混浮闭路试验,试验流程如图6所示,试验结果见表5。
试验结果表明,在磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占80.72%,石灰用量为1 500 g/t,水玻璃用量为800 g/t, Z200用量为12 g/t, 2号油用量为6 g/t的条件下,混浮闭路试验可获得产率为1.23%,铜品位为23.39%、铜回收率83.57%,钼品位为1.01%、钼回收率为70.36%的混合精矿。
实际生产过程中,一般采用“抑铜浮钼”的工艺对铜钼混合精矿进行浮选分离,相较于“抑钼浮铜”工艺,该方法在工艺和铜抑制剂方面较为成熟,且分选效率高[14]。
原矿中铜矿物和辉钼矿嵌布粒度细,且部分辉钼矿与黄铜矿紧密镶嵌,欲获得高品位铜钼精矿产品,需要对混合精矿进行再磨。此外,采用再磨工艺能起到较好的脱药效果,配合活性炭的使用可有效脱除混合精矿表面的残留药剂,大大降低了后续作业铜钼分离的压力。
在固定硫化用量为40 kg/t、煤油用量为0.15 kg/t、甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC)用量为0.05 kg/t的条件下仅改变再磨细度进行试验,试验结果如图7所示。
由图7可知,提高再磨细度可有效降低钼粗精矿的铜品位,但钼的回收率也整体呈下降趋势,考虑到后续试验还可通过增加扫选作业来提高选钼指标,综合分析,选取再磨细度为−0.037 mm含量占82.89%。
黄铜矿的抑制剂主要分为无机抑制剂和有机抑制剂两大类,无机抑制剂包括硫化物、氰化物和诺克斯等,有机抑制剂包括巯基类、硫脲类和黄原酸类等[15-16]。固定再磨细度为−0.037 mm含量占82.89%,活性炭用量为3 kg/t,煤油用量为150 g/t, MIBC用量为50 g/t,仅改变铜抑制剂种类进行试验,试验结果见表6。
表6中的试验结果表明,用亚硫酸钠和硫代硫酸钠作为铜的抑制剂时,钼粗精矿中钼的回收率较高,但钼粗精矿中铜钼互含严重,说明硫酸盐类抑制剂在烃油类对矿物捕收效果上的影响较小,对黄铜矿的抑制能力较弱;硫化钠和巯基乙酸钠对黄铜矿的抑制效果较好,相对于组合抑制剂,硫化钠单独使用时产率更低一些,且回收率不受影响,说明硫化钠对黄铜矿的选择性抑制能力更好,综合考虑,选取硫化钠作铜钼分离的黄铜矿有效抑制剂。
固定再磨细度为−0.037 mm含量占82.89%,活性炭用量为3 kg/t,煤油用量为150 g/t, MIBC用量为50 g/t,仅改变硫化钠用量进行试验,试验结果如图8所示。由图8可知,随着硫化钠用量的增加,钼粗精矿的铜品位先降低后趋于稳定,钼回收率呈下降的趋势,综合考虑,选取硫化钠用量为50 kg/t。
烃油类是辉钼矿的常用捕收剂,包括煤油、柴油等[17]。本试验以煤油作为选钼捕收剂,固定再磨细度为−0.037 mm含量占82.89%,活性炭用量为3 kg/t,硫化钠用量为50 kg/t, MIBC用量为50 g/t,仅改变煤油用量进行试验,试验结果如图9所示。由图9可知,随着煤油用量的增加,钼粗精矿中钼的回收率先升高后趋于稳定,说明钼已基本选别干净。此外,煤油具有一定的消泡能力,若继续增大煤油用量,需要另外补加20~30 g/t的起泡剂。综合考虑,选取煤油用量为120 g/t。
在混浮闭路试验和铜钼分离条件试验的基础上进行了全流程闭路试验,试验流程和药剂制度如图10所示,试验结果见表7。
试验数据表明,采用“铜钼混浮-再磨提高品位-铜钼分离”浮选工艺的全流程闭路试验获得了两种精矿:铜品位为23.58%、含Mo 0.046%、铜回收率为82.97%的铜精矿;钼品位为34.21%、含Cu 0.96%、钼回收率为66.38%的钼精矿。该工艺可实现铜矿物与钼矿物的有效分离。
(1)新疆某铜钼矿石中可供选矿富集回收的元素主要为铜和钼,含量分别为0.34%和0.017 5%。铜主要赋存在黄铜矿中,少量赋存在斑铜矿、辉铜矿、黝铜矿中;钼主要以辉钼矿的形式存在。矿石中黄铜矿和辉钼矿嵌布粒度细小,部分铜、钼矿物共生关系密切。脉石矿物主要有斜长石,石英、云母、绿泥石,以及少量钠长石、辉沸石-浊沸石等。
(2)通过单因素条件试验,确定了各浮选作业的最佳技术参数:磨矿细度为−0.074 mm含量占80.72%,石灰用量为1 500 g/t,水玻璃用量为800 g/t, Z200用量为12 g/t,粗精矿再磨细度为−0.037 mm含量占82.89%,硫化钠用量为50 kg/t,煤油用量为120 g/t。
(3)采用“铜钼混浮-再磨提高品位-铜钼分离”浮选工艺,通过全流程闭路试验获得了两种精矿:铜品位为23.58%,含Mo 0.046%,铜回收率为82.97%的铜精矿;钼品位为34.21%,含Cu 0.96%,钼回收率为66.38%的钼精矿。该浮选工艺可以实现铜与钼的有效分离,并且试验取得了较好的选别技术指标。
  • 中国五矿科技专项计划项目(2022ZXB04-4)
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2025年第45卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
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中国五矿科技专项计划项目(2022ZXB04-4)
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    1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.湖南省矿山固废综合利用工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.洛阳有色矿业集团嵩县矿业有限公司,河南 洛阳市 471000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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