Article(id=1322907472465375414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322907425740825534, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335319868, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335319868, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335319868, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335319868, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322907425740825534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='300', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335308726, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335308726, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=103, endPage=110, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322907474591887544, articleId=1322907472465375414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Reasonable Determination Method for the Rock Movement Angle of Steeply Inclined Multiple Ore Veins and Its Application, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the limitations of traditional methods for determining the rock movement angle under the geological conditions of steeply inclined multiple ore veins, a comprehensive analysis method based on the critical granular column theory and numerical simulation was proposed. Taking the Shagou stope of Faende mining area in Henan Province as the research object, through engineering analogy, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the influence law of the mining of steeply inclined multiple ore veins on the rock movement angle was deeply studied. The nonlinear relationships between rock movement angle and vein distance, vein quantity, as well as dip angle of ore body were revealed, and corresponding empirical formulas were established. The results show that the range of the rock movement angle in the mining area is from 69° to 78°, and the proportion of the height of the critical granular column ranges from 15.8% to 20.7%. By combining the height of the critical granular column with the dynamic correction model of the rock movement angle, the delineation scheme of the safety pillar was optimized, increasing the resource utilization rate to 82.3%. Based on the results of theoretical calculation and engineering practice, a dynamic correction model of the rock movement angle under the coupled action of multiple ore veins was proposed, breaking through the applicable boundary of the traditional analog method for single ore veins, and providing a strong basis for the safe mining of similar complex steeply inclined multiple ore veins.

, authors=Yaxiong LIU1, 2, 3, 4, Haiyun ZHANG5, 6, authorsList=Yaxiong LIU, Haiyun ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322907480279363808, articleId=1322907472465375414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=急倾斜多矿脉岩移角的合理确定方法研究及应用, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对急倾斜多矿脉地质条件下传统岩移角确定方法的局限性,提出了一种基于临界散体柱理论与数值模拟的综合分析方法。以河南发恩德矿区沙沟采区为研究对象,通过工程类比、理论分析及数值模拟,深入研究了急倾斜多矿脉开采对岩移角的影响规律,揭示了岩移角与矿脉距离、矿脉数量及矿体倾角的非线性关系,并建立了相应的经验公式。结果表明,矿区岩移角范围为69°~78°,临界散体柱高度占比为15.8%~20.7%;结合临界散体柱高度与岩移角动态修正模型,优化保安矿柱的圈定方案,使得资源利用率提高至82.3%;基于理论计算及工程实践结果,提出了多矿脉耦合作用下岩移角的动态修正模型,突破了传统单矿脉类比法的适用边界,为类似复杂急倾斜多矿脉的安全开采提供了有力依据。

, authors=刘亚雄1, 2, 3, 4, 张海云5, 6, authorsList=刘亚雄, 张海云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

刘亚雄(1989—),男,陕西西安人,工程师,主要从事高效采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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2.Henan Industrial Research Institute of High-efficiency and Intelligent Utilization Equipment Technology for Mineral Resources, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
3.Henan Engineering Technology Center for Exploration and Mining of Narrow Veins, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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2.河南省矿产资源高效智能利用装备技术产业研究院,河南 洛阳市 471000
3.河南省薄脉型矿产资源勘查开发利用工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450003
4.河南发恩德矿业有限公司,河南 洛阳市 471700, bio={"content":"

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刘亚雄(1989—),男,陕西西安人,工程师,主要从事高效采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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Critical depth prediction and surface subsidence range controlling based on Xishimen mine[J]. 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Statistics of rock movement angles in similar mines at home and abroad

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿山名称f值采深/m倾角/(°)岩移角/(°)
金山店铁矿6~1868070~8060
金川二矿区7~141 00070~8065
鲁甸铅锌矿5~1580070~8065
上饶铅锌矿6~1680060~7070
塔斯亚锌矿7~1280050~7065
博杜铅锌矿5~1060050~7065
), ArticleFig(id=1322907488399536414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907472465375414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

国内外类似矿山岩移角统计情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿山名称f值采深/m倾角/(°)岩移角/(°)
金山店铁矿6~1868070~8060
金川二矿区7~141 00070~8065
鲁甸铅锌矿5~1580070~8065
上饶铅锌矿6~1680060~7070
塔斯亚锌矿7~1280050~7065
博杜铅锌矿5~1060050~7065
), ArticleFig(id=1322907488475033887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907472465375414, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of ore-rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称块体密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
矿体2 8007.7816.00.2514.256.66
片麻岩2 8004.808.20.2511.234.24
蚀变岩2 8004.907.80.2810.733.87
废石1 6000.050.2~0.40.280.0532.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907488537948448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907472465375414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矿岩物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称块体密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
矿体2 8007.7816.00.2514.256.66
片麻岩2 8004.808.20.2511.234.24
蚀变岩2 8004.907.80.2810.733.87
废石1 6000.050.2~0.40.280.0532.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322907488613445921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907472465375414, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistics of ore vein parameters in each profile

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剖面编号岩移角/(°)矿脉数量/条矿脉间距/m矿体倾角/(°)
175.91215072.1
275.457071.3
374.7312068.5
476.258072.5
574.9312070.1
675.837069.1
772.955073.1
874.373070.7
973.264072.3
1076.5810073.4
1172.284074.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322907488684749090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322907472465375414, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各剖面矿脉参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剖面编号岩移角/(°)矿脉数量/条矿脉间距/m矿体倾角/(°)
175.91215072.1
275.457071.3
374.7312068.5
476.258072.5
574.9312070.1
675.837069.1
772.955073.1
874.373070.7
973.264072.3
1076.5810073.4
1172.284074.2
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急倾斜多矿脉岩移角的合理确定方法研究及应用
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刘亚雄 1, 2, 3, 4 , 张海云 5, 6
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(6): 103-110
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (6) : 103 -110
急倾斜多矿脉岩移角的合理确定方法研究及应用
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刘亚雄1, 2, 3, 4 , 张海云5, 6
作者信息
  • 1.希尔威矿业有限公司,北京 100027
  • 2.河南省矿产资源高效智能利用装备技术产业研究院,河南 洛阳市 471000
  • 3.河南省薄脉型矿产资源勘查开发利用工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450003
  • 4.河南发恩德矿业有限公司,河南 洛阳市 471700
  • 5.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 6.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
作者简介:

刘亚雄(1989—),男,陕西西安人,工程师,主要从事高效采矿技术研究。E-mail:

Reasonable Determination Method for the Rock Movement Angle of Steeply Inclined Multiple Ore Veins and Its Application
Yaxiong LIU1, 2, 3, 4 , Haiyun ZHANG5, 6
Affiliations
  • 1.Silvercorp Metals Inc., Beijing 100027, China
  • 2.Henan Industrial Research Institute of High-efficiency and Intelligent Utilization Equipment Technology for Mineral Resources, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
  • 3.Henan Engineering Technology Center for Exploration and Mining of Narrow Veins, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
  • 4.Henan Faende Mining Co., Ltd., Luoyang, Henan 471700, China
  • 5.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 6.National Engineering Research Center for Metal Mining, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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针对急倾斜多矿脉地质条件下传统岩移角确定方法的局限性,提出了一种基于临界散体柱理论与数值模拟的综合分析方法。以河南发恩德矿区沙沟采区为研究对象,通过工程类比、理论分析及数值模拟,深入研究了急倾斜多矿脉开采对岩移角的影响规律,揭示了岩移角与矿脉距离、矿脉数量及矿体倾角的非线性关系,并建立了相应的经验公式。结果表明,矿区岩移角范围为69°~78°,临界散体柱高度占比为15.8%~20.7%;结合临界散体柱高度与岩移角动态修正模型,优化保安矿柱的圈定方案,使得资源利用率提高至82.3%;基于理论计算及工程实践结果,提出了多矿脉耦合作用下岩移角的动态修正模型,突破了传统单矿脉类比法的适用边界,为类似复杂急倾斜多矿脉的安全开采提供了有力依据。

急倾斜多矿脉  /  岩移角  /  多元线性拟合  /  数值模拟

Aiming at the limitations of traditional methods for determining the rock movement angle under the geological conditions of steeply inclined multiple ore veins, a comprehensive analysis method based on the critical granular column theory and numerical simulation was proposed. Taking the Shagou stope of Faende mining area in Henan Province as the research object, through engineering analogy, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the influence law of the mining of steeply inclined multiple ore veins on the rock movement angle was deeply studied. The nonlinear relationships between rock movement angle and vein distance, vein quantity, as well as dip angle of ore body were revealed, and corresponding empirical formulas were established. The results show that the range of the rock movement angle in the mining area is from 69° to 78°, and the proportion of the height of the critical granular column ranges from 15.8% to 20.7%. By combining the height of the critical granular column with the dynamic correction model of the rock movement angle, the delineation scheme of the safety pillar was optimized, increasing the resource utilization rate to 82.3%. Based on the results of theoretical calculation and engineering practice, a dynamic correction model of the rock movement angle under the coupled action of multiple ore veins was proposed, breaking through the applicable boundary of the traditional analog method for single ore veins, and providing a strong basis for the safe mining of similar complex steeply inclined multiple ore veins.

Steeply inclined multiple ore veins  /  Rock movement angle  /  Multiple linear fitting  /  Numerical simulation
刘亚雄, 张海云. 急倾斜多矿脉岩移角的合理确定方法研究及应用. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (6) : 103 -110 .
Yaxiong LIU, Haiyun ZHANG. Reasonable Determination Method for the Rock Movement Angle of Steeply Inclined Multiple Ore Veins and Its Application[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (6) : 103 -110 .
在矿产资源的勘探与开发过程中,合理界定岩移角对于保障资源高效开采与矿区安全稳定至关重要[1-3]。尤其是在多矿脉并存的复杂地质环境下,传统岩移角计算方法难以全面精准反映实际地质状况,致使其在指导矿区开采作业时存在局限性,进而对开采效率与安全产生不利影响[4-6]。针对这一关键问题,业内众多技术人员围绕不同开采技术条件,运用多种手段对多矿脉岩移角的合理确定以及采动影响范围展开了深入研究,并取得了一系列具有参考价值的成果[7-9]。郭晓强等[10]着眼于上下矿带的相对位置关系,深入探究下部矿带岩移角,精准圈定了上下矿带共采期间的相互扰动范围,为矿带开采规划提供了科学合理的依据。王润清等[11]通过对金山店铁矿现场的岩移角和陷落角数据进行细致分析,成功揭示了开采矿岩的变形运移规律,为陡倾结构金属矿山的规划布局提供了有益借鉴。侯俊旭等[12]借助微震监测技术构建岩体损伤模型并开展数值模拟,深入剖析露天-地下矿体联合开采时围岩的运移演化规律,基于随机放矿理论与实际塌陷情况,最终确定了实际矿体的岩移角及移动边界。马凯等[13]基于急倾斜矿体开采力学模型,建立了移动角与地表易开裂范围之间的力学联系,获取了地表最大易开裂范围的真实移动角。孙朝燚等[14]揭示了复杂矿体采动围岩的破坏机理,提出了用于矿体塑性区破坏角分析的不连续变形指标。尽管上述研究极大地丰富了金属矿山地表变形特征与岩层移动机理方面的研究成果,但鉴于地下矿体的高度复杂性与不确定性,急倾斜矿脉群与矿脉赋存参数之间的内在联系仍未完全明晰,多矿脉耦合效应的相关研究也相对匮乏。因此,开展系统深入的研究迫在眉睫,从实现复杂条件下急倾斜多矿脉的安全高效开采。
以河南发恩德典型复杂多矿脉矿区为研究对象,综合运用工程类比、理论分析及数值模拟等方法,深入剖析岩移角与矿脉间距、矿脉数量及矿体倾角之间的关系,力求实现对复杂多矿脉岩移角的精准合理确定,从而为矿山开采决策提供更为坚实可靠的依据。
河南发恩德矿区沙沟采区作为较为典型的复杂多矿脉矿区,坐落于河南省洛宁县境内,其蕴藏着丰富的铅、锌和银等战略性金属矿产资源。该矿区开采标高为0~+1 060 m,累计查明矿石量高达1 122.4 万 t,保有资源量为771.6 万 t,银平均品位273.66 g/t,铅平均品位4.91%,锌平均品位2.08%。矿区内矿体大多为急倾斜薄矿体,倾角为60°~85°,平均倾角为75°,矿体规模宏大且空间分布极为密集,累计已发现80条矿脉,赋存415个矿体,含矿构造破碎带纵横交错、相互贯通,营造出极为复杂的地质环境场。
沙沟采区采用平硐+盲竖井+斜坡道进行联合开拓,浅孔留矿法和削壁充填法开采。矿区设置CM101、CM105、PD16、CM105-2#共4套平硐盲竖井系统,布置有11个中段。设计400 m、210 m双中段自上而下同时开采,计划产能达42 万 t/a。截至2024年6月,开采标高在+94 m以上,开采深度为655 m,开采矿体涉及59个矿体,如图1所示。其中,最大的矿脉为S16W矿脉,位居矿脉群的核心区位,在开采过程中对周边岩体的稳定性态以及岩层移动演化进程具有重要影响。
沙沟采区大部分采场采用削壁充填法开采,每个矿块分层回采结束后会崩落围岩进行削壁充填,随采随充,不会形成生产采空区。但大量矿体逐渐被采出后,覆盖层岩层移动会对地表主要构、建筑物及共采的上部附近矿带造成一定的影响。为了保障深部开采的安全性和地表主要构、建筑物的稳定性,应对复杂多矿脉区域岩移角进行合理确定,进而圈定采动区域的岩移范围,在保障安全的前提下尽可能地释放更多可采资源量。
为了界定深部开采工程在未来开采期间对上部矿岩的采动影响范围,并科学评价其影响程度,采用岩移角理论方法进行研究,从而对上盘岩移角进行初步计算。
工程类比法是当前金属矿山岩层移动参数预测常用且首选的方法。国内外存在急倾斜矿体的矿山较多,积累了丰富的数据经验,部分类似矿山的矿体倾角、移动角统计情况见表1。河南发恩德沙沟采区急倾斜铅锌银矿体经单轴抗压强度折算公式计算得出的f值为6~18,倾角为60°~85°,采深为655 m。经初步类比,其开采条件与上饶铅锌矿较为相似,岩层移动角为70°。
针对发恩德矿区沙沟采区以往开采活动引起的采动影响情况,依据急倾斜矿体采动诱发的岩层运移特征,以及削壁充填法在岩移理论方面的研究成果,选用较为适用的“三带”理论(概率积分法)与基于深部充填开采的临界散体柱理论,分别对采区岩移角进行初步理论计算。
由“三带”理论[15-17]可知,下沉系数q与地表最大下沉量Wmax、采厚m及矿体倾角α之间的关系为:
该采区大多为急倾斜薄矿脉,主要采用削壁充填法进行开采,综合考虑其沉降特性及以往工程实践经验,将q值确定为0.6。
将q值代入式(2)可知,综合评价系数P为0.3,对应的岩性影响因子D为1.21[18-19]。
主要影响角β0与开采深度H、矿体倾角α和岩性影响因子D之间存在如下关系:
公式(3)中,α为矿体平均倾角按度计的量值,采区开采深度为655 m,矿体平均倾角为75°,代入式(3),可得tanβ0=2.36。
由几何关系可知,采动影响半径r的计算公式为:
将开采深度H和tanβ0代入式(4),得出r为277.5 m。
由概率积分法推导移动边界f(x),可得:
根据容许极限位移量判据,一般50 mm为稳定沉降位移临界值,由式(5)可计算得出移动边界X=2.3r=638 m。矿体走向长度LX为423~1 900 m,平均为720 m。位移影响区域边界位置与矿体底角之间的水平距离L为278 m。
岩移角β为:
金属矿山地下采动引起的变形按时空演化规律可分为连续性变形和非连续性变形,而非连续性变形主要发生在急倾斜矿体开采过程中,其覆岩变形特征较为复杂,可以通过临界散体柱支撑理论对岩移角进行初步计算[20-21]。
对单组矿脉进行开挖时,越往深部开挖,对地表塌陷影响越小,直到地表塌陷范围不再受深部采动影响。此时,矿脉围岩与开采松散矿体共同维持着地表及覆岩的稳定性,该开采松散体即为临界散体柱。
S16W号矿脉长度1 900 m,垂直高度1 450~1 900 m,为沙沟采区的主要矿脉之一。该矿脉资源较为丰富且大部分还没有开采,因此对该矿脉的岩移角进行深入研究,为后续矿区规划及开采提供理论依据。通过数值模拟对矿体自上而下进行逐中段开挖,待平衡后,对矿体上盘及水平方向位移数据进行整理汇总,结果如图3所示。
以50 mm为稳定临界点,对上盘岩体及水平位移的失稳范围进行分析,在距最高测点约260 m时水平方向的位移达到稳定状态,在距最高测点约300 m时沿着上盘岩体方向的位移达到稳定状态,由此确定单主体矿脉岩移角为66°,临界散体柱高度占比15.8%~20.7%。
因此,根据工程类比法及理论计算法,初步判断沙沟矿区的岩移角为66°~70°。
为了进一步分析采区还原开采过程中岩移情况,收集采区工程地质相关资料,建立复杂条件下急倾斜多矿脉数值模拟分析模型,根据实际情况对矿体逐层开采,得到较为合理的真实岩移角。
本次数值模拟采用3DMine建立地表三维模型,所建地表模型长×宽×高为3 500 m×5 100 m×1 200 m,单元数为1 595 101,节点数为7 949 091,内部矿体模型如图4所示。该模型的矿岩材料采用Mohr-Coulomb本构参数(见表2),矿体用null单位开挖后再用低强度充填体进行充填,随采随充。
将模型的各种矿脉根据不同中段分成多个组进行开采。矿体整体沿着模型走向布置,因此对矿体较多较大的区域进行剖面分析,如图5所示。岩移角的确定主要通过变形位移进行分析,因此对分组的逐个剖面主要进行位移分析,确定各个剖面下的岩移角变化情况。模型部分剖面位移云图如图6所示。
由各个剖面位移云图最终确定,沙沟采区计划开采区域内岩移角为69°~78°。位于剖面7-S16W矿体0 m中段附近区域,由于矿脉分布较为密集,位移达到了最大的82 mm,具有一定的失稳风险。整体上看,西侧矿脉较为分散,岩移角普遍低于东侧,矿脉密集区位移梯度显著。
数值模拟得到的岩移角结果(69°~78°)与初步理论计算出来的岩移角结果(66°~70°)相比明显偏大。可见,在相关理论研究过程中未考虑相邻矿脉应力叠加效应,导致整体岩移角低估12%~15%。鉴于此,有必要针对复杂条件下的急倾斜多矿脉各剖面的矿脉参数开展逐一统计,并深入探究岩移角与矿脉参数之间可能存在的关系。
为了探究岩移角与矿脉参数的可能性关系,建立岩移角影响因子量化模型。根据矿脉相关影响情况,对开采后各个剖面的矿脉参数进行简化处理,得到相关数据,见表3。
采区内大多数矿体规模中等,且近乎平行,矿体厚度及方向变化对该采区岩移角影响较小,因此仅记录矿脉主要参数:矿脉数量、矿脉间距和矿体倾角。基于研究成果,选择初步理论计算出来的岩移角结果作为固定数,对矿脉参数影响权重进行拟合赋值,使得矿脉参数对岩移角影响范围在12%~15%之间。代入上述数据,进行多元线性拟合处理,根据拟合的完整性,得到最佳的多元回归方程为:
式中:n为矿脉数量,条;d为矿脉间距,m;α、β均为按度计算的量值。
各剖面的矿脉数量及倾角变化不大,主要是矿脉间距上的变化。由拟合结果可知,岩移角与矿脉数量和矿体倾角成正比,与矿脉间距成反比。
对拟合结果及模拟数据进行汇总,如图7所示。由图7可知,多元回归方程计算结果与数值模拟结果基本相吻合,矿脉倾角、矿脉数量基本一致,而矿脉间距较小时,模拟中的岩移角与拟合值出现了一定的偏差,如剖面7, 8,9, 11。对各个剖面数据进行计算可知,当矿脉间距大于50 m时,计算得出的岩移角与模拟数据拟合程度达98%以上;当矿脉间距小于50 m时,计算得出的岩移角比实际值大5%~8%。因此,矿脉密集区(间距<50 m)需将岩移角下调5%~8%,以确保整体矿区的稳定性。而矿脉参数整体影响程度(12%~15%)大于矿脉间距造成的影响程度(5%~8%),可见矿脉数量及矿体倾角也对岩移角的大小存在一定的影响。
岩移角对于矿山设计、开采进程管控、生态环保与土地复垦等方面具有重要的作用。发恩德矿区沙沟采区过去都是根据岩移角大小对保安矿柱进行圈定,这种圈定方法忽略了散体支撑作用,矿柱尺寸冗余20%~30%。因此,以竖井保安矿柱圈定为例,结合临界散体柱高度与岩移角动态修正模型对其进行重新圈定,如图8所示,H1为岩体深度,H2为临界散体柱深度,H3为剩余矿体深度,θ为规定的移动角,β1为优化后的移动角。
若β1小于θ,且当开采深度在H2范围内时,两侧仍有少量多采的资源量。当开采深度到达开采资源临界值(H1+H2)时,保安矿柱优化后多采的资源量S才会出现。当开采深度大于(H1+H2)时,S为保安矿柱优化后单个剖面真实多采的资源量。对S进行计算,计算公式如下:
由式(8)可知,当β1=θ时,,由于矿脉的不规则,部分区域存在多采资源量。
据相关规定可知,地表以下50 m内的矿脉暂不开采,因此真实条件下单个剖面的多采资源量可能大于S的范围。由此可见,优化后的保安矿柱更好地释放了资源可采量,大幅度提高了资源利用率,释放可采资源量为18%~25%。
结合临界散体柱高度与岩移角动态修正模型,根据竖井附近矿脉分布情况及新保安矿柱划分方法,对保安矿柱圈定范围进行了重新调整优化,大大减少了复杂多脉带之前保安矿柱圈定的压矿量,释放了竖井周边的可采资源量,使得矿区整体资源利用率提升至82.3%。优化结果如图9所示。
(1)本文基于临界散体柱理论,通过数值模拟的综合分析方法,得出矿区岩移角范围为69°~78°,临界散体柱高度占比为15.8%~20.7%。矿脉参数对整体岩移角影响程度为12%~15%。
(2)急倾斜多矿脉开采导致岩移角非线性变化。基于理论分析及数值模拟研究成果,得到最佳的多元回归方程:β=68.5+0.15n−0.02d+0.12α。该方程综合考量了多矿脉开采中的关键因素,为岩移角预测提供了可靠依据。矿脉密集区(间距<50 m)需将岩移角下调5%~8%以确保其稳定性。
(3)以竖井保安矿柱为例,结合临界散体柱高度与岩移角动态修正模型,对竖井保安矿柱进行了重新圈定,使得资源利用率提高至82.3%,在保证安全的条件下较大可能地释放了可采资源量。
(4)通过工程类比、理论分析及数值模拟,深入研究了急倾斜多矿脉开采对岩移角的影响规律,提出了多矿脉耦合作用下岩移角的动态修正模型,突破了传统单矿脉类比法的适用边界,为类似复杂急倾斜多矿脉的安全开采提供了有力依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001)
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2025年第45卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001)
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    1.希尔威矿业有限公司,北京 100027
    2.河南省矿产资源高效智能利用装备技术产业研究院,河南 洛阳市 471000
    3.河南省薄脉型矿产资源勘查开发利用工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450003
    4.河南发恩德矿业有限公司,河南 洛阳市 471700
    5.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    6.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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