Article(id=1322904668606693622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721836800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334651375, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334651375, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334651375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334651375, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=237, endPage=246, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904668904489207, articleId=1322904668606693622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Synergistic Effect of OP-10 and PEO to Enhance the Flotation of High-Ash Fine-Grained Coal Slime and its Mechanisms, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The efficient and sustainable utilization of resources can be achieved by flotation recovery of high-quality carbon components in high-ash fine-grained coal slime. Taking high-ash fine-grained coal slime as the research object, by compounding octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) for pretreatment and comparing with single reagent pretreatment flotation, it was found that the two reagents greatly improved the floatability of coal slime through synergistic effect. On this basis, the mesoscopic mechanism was analyzed by laser particle size analyzer, contact angle measuring instrument, infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Zeta potentiometer and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results are as follows. Firstly, due to the competitive adsorption relationship between the two agents, PEO agents preferentially adsorbed and exposed the alkyl chain through polar forces on the surface of the coal sample to enhance partial hydrophobicity, while compressing the hydration layer on the surface of the slime and reducing the electrostatic repulsion between the interfaces, prompting the fine coal slime to begin to flocculate into small flocs. Secondly, after the completion of PEO reagent action, OP-10 reagent began to adsorb on the surface of flocs, compressing the electric double layer of coal slime and shielding the electronegative ions. Thirdly, the two ends of the structure of the agent were adsorbed by the polar force, so that the middle aromatic hydrocarbons were partially exposed to the surface of the coal sample, showing the most obvious hydrophobic modification effect. In general, the compound reagent adsorbs in the form of single-layer adsorption and double-layer adsorption through electrostatic force and polar force to enhance the hydrophobicity of coal samples, and the adhesion force is greatly reduced after the action of the compound reagent, and the flotation efficiency is greatly improved.

, authors=Lishan TANG1, Daoyuan LIU2, authorsList=Lishan TANG, Daoyuan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904673186873614, articleId=1322904668606693622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=OP-10与PEO协同增强高灰微细粒煤泥浮选及其机制研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过浮选回收高灰微细粒煤泥中的优质碳组分可以实现资源的高效持续利用。以高灰微细粒煤泥为研究对象,通过将辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)进行复配预处理并与单一药剂预处理浮选对比,发现两种药剂通过协同作用大幅提升了煤泥的可浮性。在此基础上通过激光粒度仪、接触角测量仪、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、Zeta电位仪及原子力显微镜(AFM)对其介观作用机制进行了分析。结果表明:两种药剂由于竞争吸附关系,PEO药剂优先与煤样表面通过极性作用力产生吸附并暴露烷基链,增强部分疏水性,同时会压缩煤泥表面的水化层,降低界面间的静电斥力,促使微细粒煤泥开始絮凝为小絮团;PEO药剂作用完成后,OP-10药剂开始吸附在絮团表面,压缩煤泥的双电层,对电负性离子产生屏蔽作用;药剂的两端结构通过极性作用产生吸附后,使得中间的芳香烃部分暴露在煤样表面,表现为疏水改性作用最明显。总体上,复配药剂通过静电作用力及极性作用力以单层吸附和双层吸附的形式产生吸附,以增强煤样的疏水性,且经过复配药剂作用后黏附力大幅降低,浮选效率大幅提升。

, authors=唐利山1, 刘道园2, authorsList=唐利山, 刘道园, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

唐利山(1978—),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,主要研究方向为煤矿安全生产管理。E-mail:

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唐利山(1978—),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,主要研究方向为煤矿安全生产管理。E-mail:

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唐利山(1978—),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,主要研究方向为煤矿安全生产管理。E-mail:

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Fuel, 2022, 321:124045., articleTitle=Alkanes-esters mixed collector enhanced low rank coal flotation: Interfacial interaction between oil drop and coal particle, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322904673539195151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904673551778064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, companyId=1322904673539195151, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guoneng Mengxi Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904673560166673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, companyId=1322904673539195151, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国能蒙西煤化工股份有限公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322904673623081234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904673631469843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, companyId=1322904673623081234, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.China Coal Technology & Industry Group Intelligent Mining Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904673639858452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, companyId=1322904673623081234, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中煤科工集团智能矿山有限公司,山西 太原 030032)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322904677788025131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Relationships between coal slime yield, cumulative yield and the particle size distribution of coal slime, figureFileSmall=gItHNlwYx2Uj6+MwTbh9Fg==, figureFileBig=y031pSrb3dtZxjl2ox11fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904677867716908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, language=CN, label=图1, caption=煤泥产率、累计产率与煤泥粒度分布的关系, figureFileSmall=gItHNlwYx2Uj6+MwTbh9Fg==, figureFileBig=y031pSrb3dtZxjl2ox11fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904678241009965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Relationships between coal slime ash, cumulative ash and the particle size distribution of coal slime, figureFileSmall=8iN9g1dvKwtWnvPNZuPIew==, figureFileBig=+v7CVOkEbQZaqv0qf7Illg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904678316507438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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figureFileSmall=tlANs1aI4fZlIWlZyd1KkQ==, figureFileBig=G6kApf/+E2t4JqLin0a/QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904679025344818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, language=CN, label=图4, caption=常规浮选试验结果, figureFileSmall=tlANs1aI4fZlIWlZyd1KkQ==, figureFileBig=G6kApf/+E2t4JqLin0a/QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904679105036595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Results of OP-10 pretreatment flotation test, figureFileSmall=TLYLBl/CJQVq5L4BdlHReQ==, figureFileBig=z47mBxYHnZBPqL/dKToaMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904679360889140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904668606693622, language=CN, label=图5, caption=OP-10预处理浮选试验结果, figureFileSmall=TLYLBl/CJQVq5L4BdlHReQ==, figureFileBig=z47mBxYHnZBPqL/dKToaMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904679440580917, 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OP-10与PEO协同增强高灰微细粒煤泥浮选及其机制研究
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唐利山 1 , 刘道园 2
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(5): 237-246
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (5) : 237 -246
OP-10与PEO协同增强高灰微细粒煤泥浮选及其机制研究
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唐利山(1978—),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,主要研究方向为煤矿安全生产管理。E-mail:

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唐利山1 , 刘道园2
作者信息
  • 1.国能蒙西煤化工股份有限公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017000
  • 2.中煤科工集团智能矿山有限公司,山西 太原 030032
作者简介:

唐利山(1978—),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,主要研究方向为煤矿安全生产管理。E-mail:

Synergistic Effect of OP-10 and PEO to Enhance the Flotation of High-Ash Fine-Grained Coal Slime and its Mechanisms
Lishan TANG1 , Daoyuan LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Guoneng Mengxi Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017000, China
  • 2.China Coal Technology & Industry Group Intelligent Mining Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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通过浮选回收高灰微细粒煤泥中的优质碳组分可以实现资源的高效持续利用。以高灰微细粒煤泥为研究对象,通过将辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)进行复配预处理并与单一药剂预处理浮选对比,发现两种药剂通过协同作用大幅提升了煤泥的可浮性。在此基础上通过激光粒度仪、接触角测量仪、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、Zeta电位仪及原子力显微镜(AFM)对其介观作用机制进行了分析。结果表明:两种药剂由于竞争吸附关系,PEO药剂优先与煤样表面通过极性作用力产生吸附并暴露烷基链,增强部分疏水性,同时会压缩煤泥表面的水化层,降低界面间的静电斥力,促使微细粒煤泥开始絮凝为小絮团;PEO药剂作用完成后,OP-10药剂开始吸附在絮团表面,压缩煤泥的双电层,对电负性离子产生屏蔽作用;药剂的两端结构通过极性作用产生吸附后,使得中间的芳香烃部分暴露在煤样表面,表现为疏水改性作用最明显。总体上,复配药剂通过静电作用力及极性作用力以单层吸附和双层吸附的形式产生吸附,以增强煤样的疏水性,且经过复配药剂作用后黏附力大幅降低,浮选效率大幅提升。

煤泥  /  浮选  /  絮凝剂  /  表面活性剂  /  润湿性

The efficient and sustainable utilization of resources can be achieved by flotation recovery of high-quality carbon components in high-ash fine-grained coal slime. Taking high-ash fine-grained coal slime as the research object, by compounding octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) for pretreatment and comparing with single reagent pretreatment flotation, it was found that the two reagents greatly improved the floatability of coal slime through synergistic effect. On this basis, the mesoscopic mechanism was analyzed by laser particle size analyzer, contact angle measuring instrument, infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Zeta potentiometer and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results are as follows. Firstly, due to the competitive adsorption relationship between the two agents, PEO agents preferentially adsorbed and exposed the alkyl chain through polar forces on the surface of the coal sample to enhance partial hydrophobicity, while compressing the hydration layer on the surface of the slime and reducing the electrostatic repulsion between the interfaces, prompting the fine coal slime to begin to flocculate into small flocs. Secondly, after the completion of PEO reagent action, OP-10 reagent began to adsorb on the surface of flocs, compressing the electric double layer of coal slime and shielding the electronegative ions. Thirdly, the two ends of the structure of the agent were adsorbed by the polar force, so that the middle aromatic hydrocarbons were partially exposed to the surface of the coal sample, showing the most obvious hydrophobic modification effect. In general, the compound reagent adsorbs in the form of single-layer adsorption and double-layer adsorption through electrostatic force and polar force to enhance the hydrophobicity of coal samples, and the adhesion force is greatly reduced after the action of the compound reagent, and the flotation efficiency is greatly improved.

Coal slime  /  Flotation  /  Flocculant  /  Surfactant  /  Wettability
唐利山, 刘道园. OP-10与PEO协同增强高灰微细粒煤泥浮选及其机制研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 237 -246 .
Lishan TANG, Daoyuan LIU. Synergistic Effect of OP-10 and PEO to Enhance the Flotation of High-Ash Fine-Grained Coal Slime and its Mechanisms[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 237 -246 .
煤炭作为一种重要的能源资源,在现代工业社会中具有非常重要的地位[1]。煤炭被广泛应用于发电、供暖、化工等领域,对维持国家经济稳定运行和人民生活水平起着至关重要的作用。因此,煤炭资源的开发利用具有重要的意义。然而,煤炭资源精深分选过程中往往伴随着大量煤泥水的产生[2],煤泥水的常规处理方法是将煤泥进行脱滤处理,随后与矸石等作为废弃物一起排放,这样浪费了大量煤炭资源。随着我国优质煤炭资源的逐渐消耗与国家“双碳”战略的实施[3],尾煤泥大规模分选提质已成为保障国家能源安全和煤炭行业高质量绿色发展的战略选择。高灰微细粒煤泥水二次分选作为一种重要的废弃物再利用技术逐渐引起了广泛关注[4]。
高灰微细粒煤泥通常指的是煤中灰分含量较高,且颗粒较细的部分[5]。在煤炭的加工利用过程中,高灰微细粒煤泥的处理非常关键,因其会影响煤炭的燃烧效率和环境排放,且处理效率较低[5]。浮选[6]是一种常用的煤炭处理技术,可以有效降低高灰微细粒煤泥的灰分,且其作为一种物理-化学分离技术,在处理高灰微细粒煤泥方面具有一定的优势。因此许多学者针对高灰微细粒煤泥的难浮特性,开发了多种以浮选为基础且对浮选效率提升较大的处理方案,其中包括纳米气泡浮选[7-9]、高剪切制备乳液浮选[10-12]、絮凝预处理浮选[13-16]、表面活性剂预处理浮选[17-20]以及超声预处理浮选[21-23]等。其中絮凝预处理以及表面活性剂预处理浮选具有流程简单、能耗较低且无额外设备投资等优势,因而被广泛开发利用。
任翔等[24]将柴油和KD复配作为捕收剂进行浮选试验,发现在氧化煤泥浮选中,与仅加柴油相比,采用复合捕收剂可使精煤产率提高13.74%,精煤灰分降低7.35%,可燃体回收率提高17.28%。刘鸿等[25]将非离子型聚氧乙烯表面活性剂与酸值165、碘值110的脂肪酸进行复合作为捕收剂进行铁矿石反浮选试验,大幅提升了磁铁矿的浮选效率。吴旭等[26]为了提高白云鄂博稀土矿的浮选效果,进行了单一捕收剂和复合捕收剂的一段浮选试验,发现与单一捕收剂浮选效果相比,复合捕收剂的精矿品位提高了2.79%,回收率提高了3.8%。上述试验研究在一定程度上表明复合药剂可以提升微细粒煤泥的浮选效率,但对界面间的协同作用机制少有研究。
因此,本文旨在通过将絮凝剂聚氧化乙烯(PEO)与表面活性剂辛基酚聚乙烯醚(OP-10)复配用于煤泥的预处理,以提升高灰微细粒煤泥的浮选性能,同时结合激光粒度仪、接触角测量仪、红外光谱仪、Zeta电位仪及原子力显微镜深入研究两种药剂间的协同作用机制,以期为开发适用于高灰微细粒煤泥高效浮选的药剂提供策略和指导。
煤样选自山西省大同市某选煤厂煤泥,属特殊型高灰微细粒煤泥,经试验测得原煤灰分为36.52%,灰分相对较高。分别采用0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.074, 0.045 mm的标准套筛进行小筛分试验,煤泥产率、煤泥累计产率与煤泥粒度分布的关系如图1所示。从图1可以看出,试验所用的煤泥以细粒度为主要成分,–45 μm粒度占80.80%,为煤泥粒度的优势组分。煤泥灰分、煤泥累计灰分与煤泥粒度分布的关系如图2所示。由图2可知,随着粒径从–45 μm增大到500 μm,煤泥灰分含量由40.27%降低到3.55%,且脉石矿物主要集中在–45 μm以及125~250 μm。总体试验结果表明:煤泥样品以细粒组分为主,且此粒度级灰分含量较高;而粒度较粗的灰分含量较低,因此这部分灰分更有可能通过浮选富集为精煤产品。经测定,煤样的pH为7.52,为弱碱性。
为进一步探明煤泥样品的矿物组分,采用XRD对煤泥样品的物相进行了分析。试验前对煤泥进行抽滤及烘干处理,将烘干后的样品研磨至200 目。采用衍射仪对原煤泥进行物相分析,XRD图谱如图3所示。根据煤中主要矿物的PDF卡片标准数据对图谱进行标记。结果表明,该煤泥含有蒙脱石、高岭石、石英等矿物。高岭石等矿物由于具有泥化效应以及会导致细泥罩盖和细泥夹带现象,因此,不利于浮选的进行。
絮凝剂及表面活性剂被广泛应用于浮选预处理。由于所用煤泥具有粒度细且灰分高的特性,因此考虑将辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚与聚氧化乙烯复配用于煤泥的预处理,以便在浮选过程中使得微细粒煤泥预先絮凝为大颗粒,从而降低煤泥的比表面积,同时对其润湿性进行改善,以增强浮选效率。药剂均为分析纯。
采用浮选机进行浮选试验,设定转速为1 800 r/min,控制充气量为0.12 m3/h。在初步试验过程中采用常规浮选试验流程,以探明捕收剂煤油及起泡剂仲辛醇的最佳药剂用量。后期加入预处理流程,期间保持捕收剂及起泡剂用量不变。在预处理过程中,对添加两种单一药剂的浮选效果进行测试,以确定两种药剂的最佳用量,随后将两种药剂在最佳药剂用量的1/2下进行复配,与单一药剂浮选效果进行对比以确定两种药剂间的协同作用。通过精煤产率以及精煤灰分对浮选效果进行评定。
使用激光粒度分析仪对添加PEO药剂前后的煤泥进行了粒度测试,用D90作为药剂作用效果的评价指标。
采用接触角测量仪对添加不同药剂的煤泥进行了润湿性测试。首先,将最佳药剂量下的不同药剂加入装有煤泥水的烧杯中,并通过磁力搅拌机混匀。期间为保证与浮选预处理过程中试验条件一致,设定搅拌速度为1 800 r/min,搅拌时间为2 min。将处理好的煤泥样品进行真空抽滤干燥处理。随后称取0.3 g干燥后的样品进行压片,设定压力为15 MPa、时间为3 min。将获得的5 mm薄片进行接触角测量。
采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对不同药剂在煤泥表面的介观吸附机制进行分析。通过添加药剂前后煤样表面的官能团变化以间接判断药剂与煤泥表面之间的吸附形式。具体试验步骤如下:将处理前后的样品和干燥后的纯KBr以质量比为1:100的比例混合并压制成片;在透射模式下使用FTIR获得不同药剂处理前后的样品红外光谱。红外光谱仪的扫描范围为4000~400 cm−1,分辨率为2 cm−1,期间保持所用药剂用量与浮选的最佳用量相一致。
对不同药剂处理前后的煤泥样品进行离心处理。离心机转速设定为5 000 r/min,离心时间30 min,取上清液进行测试。用去离子水冲洗电泳杯和电极,在悬浮液达到沉降平衡后,用滴管吸收约0.5 mL的上层液体。最后,将上层液体加入电泳杯中进行测定,对每个样品重复测量3次。
使用原子力显微镜(AFM)对复配药剂作用前后的煤泥进行了表观形貌测试及黏附力测试。为保证测试条件满足AFM的粗糙度要求,试验前选取块状煤样,进行粗磨、细磨、精磨及抛光处理。对处理后的样品用去离子水冲洗,冲洗后将测试面朝下进行烘干,目的是去除多余水分,同时防止重力沉积对样品带来影响[27],随后进行AFM测试。对于药剂处理样品,将经过抛光等工序处理后的原煤样品浸泡于药剂溶液中,测试面朝下,浸泡5min后取出,用去离子水对待测面进行冲洗以去除煤样表面的多余药剂,随后烘干并进行AFM 测试。
根据常规浮选流程对捕收剂煤油以及起泡剂仲辛醇的药剂用量进行了试验,试验结果如图4所示(曲线的颜色标识见电子版)。由图4可知,随着煤油用量的增加,精煤产率总体呈现先迅速增加后趋于平稳的趋势(见图4(a)),而精煤灰分呈现先迅速降低后缓慢增长的趋势(见图4(b))。在煤油用量为1.6 kg/t时出现临界点,精煤产率相对较高且灰分相对较低;而在煤油用量为1.8 kg/t时,虽然精煤产率比1.6 kg/t时的有所提高,但精煤的灰分同时也比1.6 kg/t时的高,这是由于捕收剂用量的增加导致了药剂选择性降低,在将碳质选出的同时夹带了部分脉石矿物。因此,考虑最佳煤油用量为1.6 kg/t。就仲辛醇而言,随着药剂用量的增加,精煤产率总体呈增加趋势,而精煤的灰分呈先降低后增加的趋势。由此可以发现,固定煤油药剂用量为1.6 kg/t时,仲辛醇药剂用量在0.16 kg/t时,精煤产率相比仲辛醇药剂用量为0.18 kg/t时相差较小,此时精煤产率为45.91%,仅相差0.02%;当仲辛醇药剂用量为0.16 kg/t时的精煤灰分为22.27%,而当仲辛醇药剂用量为0.18 kg/t时的精煤灰分为23.52%,比0.16 kg/t时的较高。出现此现象的原因可能是起泡剂用量增加导致出现泡沫过载的现象。因此,综合考虑煤油的最佳药剂用量为1.6 kg/t,仲辛醇的最佳用量为0.16 kg/t,此时精煤产率为45.91%,精煤灰分为22.27%。
由于常规浮选效率较低,精煤不能达到动力煤的灰分要求,因此考虑使用预处理浮选流程。在固定煤油和仲辛醇的用量为最佳药剂用量的条件下,不同OP-10用量下的精煤产率及精煤灰分如图5所示。由图5可知,随着OP-10用量的增加,精煤产率呈先增加后平缓的趋势,精煤灰分呈先降低后平缓的趋势,但精煤产率和灰分总体优于常规浮选。OP-10的用量为300 g/t时,效果达到最佳,此时的精煤产率为59.27%,精煤灰分为17.30%。产生此现象的原因可能是由于OP-10为具有碳链结构的表面活性剂,与煤样吸附后,吸附在煤泥表面,将碳链及芳香环暴露在表面,总体使疏水性增强,因此浮选效率提升,但当OP-10的用量超过300 g/t时,煤样表面无法为OP-10提供更多的活性位点,因此后期浮选效率变化较小。
由于试验所用煤样为微细粒煤泥,因此考虑使用PEO絮凝剂对煤样进行预处理,以增强浮选效率。不同PEO用量下的浮选试验结果如图6所示。由图6可知,随着PEO用量的增加,精煤产率呈先增加后降低的趋势,而精煤灰分呈先增加后缓慢降低随后缓慢增加的趋势。在PEO的用量为40 g/t时效果达到最佳,此时的精煤产率为61.23%,精煤灰分为18.93%。单独添加少量的PEO相比于单独添加OP-10,精煤产率相对较高,但精煤灰分比使用OP-10时高。这是由于使用少量的PEO药剂后,PEO可以通过架桥作用使煤样絮凝为相对较小的絮团以此降低比表面积,优化浮选效率。当PEO的用量超过40 g/t后,由于其较强的架桥作用,使煤样絮凝后的絮团粒径较大,形成了更高数量、更大体积、更庞大的分布聚集群,且密度增加,导致更加趋向于沉淀至尾煤部分,因此随着PEO用量的增加,精煤产率逐渐降低;此外,由于PEO药剂针对碳质与脉石矿物的吸附量不同,以及存在竞争吸附关系,因此伴随着精煤产率降低的同时,精煤灰分总体呈现缓慢上升的趋势。
单独使用两种药剂虽然均可在一定程度上增强浮选效率,但提升幅度较小,因此考虑将OP-10和PEO两种药剂进行复配,两种药剂均选用最佳药剂用量的1/2。通过复配药剂进行预处理后,精煤产率增加至67.09%,灰分降低至14.98%。当两种药剂进行复配后,由于竞争吸附关系,PEO优先作用于煤泥表面,通过架桥作用形成较小的絮团,此时絮团表面总体分为两个部分,一部分为初始的煤样表面,另一部分为PEO药剂铺展覆盖煤样表面后所形成的药剂层。随后OP-10药剂作用于絮团的初始煤样表面,通过范德华力及极性作用力进行吸附,使得药剂的芳香环及烷烃部分暴露,从而使絮团的疏水性总体增强。两种药剂通过上述方式协同增强了煤泥的浮选效率。
由于所使用的PEO药剂为絮凝剂,因此对PEO药剂吸附前后的粒径通过激光粒度仪进行了分析。原煤泥的D90为28.682 μm,天然粒径较小,因此较难浮且由于比表面积大导致药剂消耗量大。按最佳用量加入PEO进行吸附后,由于PEO药剂的架桥作用,微细粒煤泥凝聚为小絮团,D90增加至124.27 μm。粒径增加使颗粒的比表面积降低,相同药剂量下两种药剂复配后,相比于原煤泥,OP-10铺展覆盖到颗粒表面的药剂层更广更厚,改性作用达到最佳,因此可浮性增强,且PEO药剂为OP-10药剂提供了更优的吸附环境。
根据上述浮选试验的最佳药剂用量条件,对添加不同药剂后煤质颗粒表面的润湿性改善情况进行分析。试验结果如图7所示,由于所用煤样灰分为36.52%,其中掺杂有大量的脉石矿物,因此煤样的天然疏水性较差。未经过处理的煤样的接触角为52.98°。煤样经过PEO药剂处理后,其接触角增加至56.74°,相对原煤样疏水性小幅度提升,可能的原因是PEO药剂在提升浮选效率过程中其改性作用并非关键,而其架桥作用使微细粒煤样转化成絮团为主导因素。在形成的絮团表面有一部分为PEO与煤表面发生吸附后形成的药剂层,PEO与煤表面会通过极性作用力吸附致使PEO结构中的碳链暴露在表面,因此小幅度增强了煤样表面的疏水性。单独添加OP-10后,煤样的接触角增加至62.99°,相比原煤样提升18.89%。这是由于OP-10本身的结构具有双亲基团,与煤样进行吸附后会在煤样表面形成疏水药剂层,疏水药剂层的主体结构为药剂本身的芳香环及烷烃部分,因此添加OP-10药剂后相比于添加PEO后疏水性会有所提升。用复配药剂处理煤样后,煤样颗粒的疏水性显著增强,从原煤样的52.98°增加至68.35°。综合上述结果发现,由于竞争吸附关系导致PEO药剂优先进行吸附,微细粒煤泥絮凝为小絮团后煤样的总体比表面积降低,使OP-10药剂相对微细粒煤泥更容易铺装覆盖,暴露的OP-10药剂层相比单独添加药剂更均匀且吸附层更广更厚,因此其疏水改性作用最强。这与浮选试验结果相一致。
为进一步明晰药剂与煤样间的作用机制,通过红外光谱分析了添加药剂前后煤泥表面的官能团变化。图8为添加药剂前后煤泥的FTIR光谱。添加的药剂量与浮选试验的最佳药剂用量相一致。在图8所示的FTIR光谱中,3 000~3 500 cm−1的区域属于—OH键的拉伸振动特征峰[28]。2 800~3 000 cm−1处的峰属于—CH2在脂肪族基团上的不对称伸缩振动[29]。960~1 060 cm−1处的峰属于C—O—C的伸缩振动峰[30-31]。750~840 cm−1处的峰属于取代苯类的C—H弯曲振动峰[30]。
由图8(a)可以发现,原煤样的—OH及C—O—C部分的峰值较强,表明其含氧官能团相对较多、亲水性较强,而亲水性较强间接说明了其难浮性。添加PEO药剂后,—OH及C—O—C处峰值减弱,相应的—CH2部分的峰值小幅增强。出现此现象的原因是由于PEO药剂通过本身的链状结构上的含氧官能团与煤表面的—OH和C—O—C部分的含氧官能团由于极性作用力产生了吸附,将其链状结构缠绕在煤表面,暴露出链状结构的其余部分(烷基链)。此过程亲疏水性改善相对较小。而添加OP-10药剂后,—OH、—CH2部分及C—O—C处峰值减弱,而芳香烃部分峰值增强,这是由于OP-10同样可以通过本身的链状结构上的含氧官能团与煤表面的—OH和C—O—C部分的含氧官能团以极性作用力的方式产生吸附,将其链状结构缠绕在煤表面,覆盖煤样本身的含氧官能团结构,与此同时OP-10也可能依靠本身的烷基链部分通过疏水作用力和范德华力在煤样表面发生吸附。药剂的两端结构通过上述方式产生吸附后,使得中间的芳香烃部分暴露在煤样表面。此过程煤样的疏水性增强,可浮性提升。将两种药剂进行复配添加到煤泥后,—OH及C—O—C处峰值减弱,而—CH2部分及芳香烃部分的峰值增强。两种药剂由于竞争吸附关系的原因,PEO药剂会优先与煤样表面通过极性作用力产生吸附,同时使微细粒煤泥絮凝为小絮团,此阶段使得煤样颗粒的比表面积降低,在PEO药剂吸附完成后,OP-10药剂开始吸附在絮团表面。由于比表面面积降低,在同样药剂量下,使OP-10药剂相对微细粒煤泥更容易铺装覆盖,暴露的OP-10药剂层相比单独添加药剂更均匀且吸附层更广更厚,因此芳香烃部分峰值增加最强,疏水改性作用最为明显且浮选效率提升最佳。这与浮选试验结果相一致。
图9为不同药剂在煤泥表面吸附后的Zeta电位测试结果。由图9可知,原煤泥颗粒表面的Zeta电位为−33.85 mV,由于矿物表面电性的存在,使得矿物表面形成双电层结构和坚实的水化层。添加PEO药剂后,由于吸附作用覆盖了原煤泥表面的负电荷,压缩了煤泥表面的水化层,降低了界面间的静电斥力,促使微细粒煤泥絮凝为小絮团。添加OP-10药剂后,煤泥颗粒表面电位升高至−25.72 mV,产生此现象的原因是由于OP-10的吸附覆盖了煤泥的电负性羟基表面,从而压缩了煤泥的双电层,对电负性离子产生了屏蔽作用。将两种药剂进行复配后,PEO优先吸附于煤泥颗粒表面促使微细粒煤泥开始絮凝为小絮团,在上述基础上,OP-10作用于小絮团表面,压缩双电层,屏蔽电负性离子。在两种药剂的协同作用下使得煤泥颗粒表面的电位降低到−22.10 mV,此过程中浮选效率得到了相应的提升。
对加入复配药剂前后的煤样进行了原子力显微镜形貌及力测试分析,以验证其吸附形式及黏附力。图10为加药剂前后的原子力二维、三维图及高度剖面曲线。由图10可知,原样经过抛光等手段处理后其粗糙度仅为1.33 nm,且从高度剖面曲线中可以发现高度集中分布于0附近,因此认为所用样品经过抛光等处理后符合原子力显微镜的粗糙度要求。经过添加复配药剂处理后,复配药剂以团簇状的形式吸附在煤样表面,因此认为复配药剂对煤泥表面的作用方式以静电作用力及极性作用力为主,从剖面图可以发现药剂吸附后高度主要集中在5~10 nm,因此认为复配药剂可能以单层吸附以及双层吸附的方式进行。
图11为药剂作用前后的原子力黏附力测试曲线。由于所选用的探针为亲水型探针,因此认为收缩力越小其疏水性越强。由图11可知,原煤样的收缩力在−20 nN左右达到峰值,而在经过复配药剂处理后收缩力骤减,在−4 nN左右达到峰值。在经过复配药剂处理后,药剂吸附在煤样表面,从而覆盖了原煤泥表面的含氧官能团,暴露出了更多的疏水型官能团,与亲水型探针产生了更大的排斥力,黏附力降低,使得浮选效率大幅度提升。
(1)煤油和仲辛醇的最佳药剂用量分别为1.6 kg/t和0.16 kg/t,精煤产率为45.91%,精煤灰分为22.27%。通过复配PEO与OP-10预处理煤泥后,精煤的产率增加至67.09%,灰分降低至14.98%。
(2)两种药剂由于竞争吸附关系PEO会优先与煤样表面通过极性作用力产生吸附,同时使微细粒煤泥絮凝为小絮团,PEO吸附完成后OP-10开始吸附在絮团表面,由于比表面面积降低,相比微细粒煤泥更容易铺装覆盖,且相比于单独添加药剂PEO时吸附层更均匀且更广更厚,疏水改性作用最为明显。
(3)添加PEO药剂后会压缩煤泥表面的水化层,降低界面间的静电斥力,促使微细粒煤泥开始絮凝为小絮团。而添加OP-10药剂会压缩煤泥的双电层,对电负性离子产生屏蔽作用。
(4)复配药剂通过静电作用力及极性作用力产生单层吸附和双层吸附。且经过复配药剂作用后黏附力大幅降低。
总体来说,两种药剂进行复配后,PEO药剂将微细粒煤泥絮凝,为OP-10药剂提供了更优的吸附环境,而OP-10在絮团表面产生吸附,总体提升煤泥表面的疏水性以增强浮选效率。

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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25
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    1.国能蒙西煤化工股份有限公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017000
    2.中煤科工集团智能矿山有限公司,山西 太原 030032
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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