Article(id=1322904657391137708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718208000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334648663, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334648663, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334648663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334648663, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=132, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904659177911213, articleId=1322904657391137708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Reasonable Parameters of Blasting Along Hard Roof in Gob-Side Roadway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The stress concentration of the roof and the solid coal side will be caused by the untimely collapse of the lateral hard roof in the gob-side roadway, which poses a major threat to the safety of the working face, and the blasting method is often used to weaken it. Taking the gob-side roadway of a working face as the background, the relationships among blasting angle, blasting height and pressure relief effect of the hard roof in the gob-side roadway were studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field practice. The results show that the fracture position on the goaf side is the most conducive to maintaining the stability of roadway surrounding rock during the blasting of gob-side roadway. The blasting angle should be higher than the breaking angle formed when the key stratum is broken, and the roof pressure above the coal pillar after blasting should be avoided. In the range of reasonable blasting angle, with the increase of blasting angle, the pressure relief effect is improved. When the blasting height reaches the top of the combined sub-key stratum, a better pressure relief effect can be achieved. The field engineering practice shows that under the condition of reasonable parameters, the implementation of strike blasting on the roof of gob-side roadway can effectively reduce the impact risk and ensure the safe production of working face. The research results can provide theoretical and engineering basis for mines with similar conditions.

, authors=Xiufeng ZHANG1, Zonglong MU2, 3, Hao WANG1, Chunlong JIANG3, Yang CHEN1, Jiaxin ZHUANG3, Cao MAN1, Jinglong CAO3, authorsList=Xiufeng ZHANG, Zonglong MU, Hao WANG, Chunlong JIANG, Yang CHEN, Jiaxin ZHUANG, Cao MAN, Jinglong CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zonglong MU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904670448005129, articleId=1322904657391137708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=沿空巷坚硬顶板走向爆破合理参数研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

沿空巷侧向坚硬顶板垮落不及时会引起顶板和实体煤侧产生应力集中,对工作面安全构成重大威胁,常采用爆破手段对其进行弱化。以某工作面沿空巷为背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实践的方法,研究了沿空巷坚硬顶板走向爆破角度、爆破高度与卸压效果之间的关系。结果表明:沿空巷爆破时,断裂位置沿采空区侧最有利于维持巷道围岩稳定性,爆破角度应高于关键层运移破断时形成的破断角,同时避免爆破后顶板压在煤柱上方;在合理爆破角度范围内,随着爆破角度的增大,卸压效果有所提高;爆破高度达到组合亚关键层顶部时,能达到较好的卸压效果。现场工程实践表明,在参数选择合理的情况下,对沿空巷顶板实施走向爆破可以有效降低冲击危险,确保工作面安全生产。研究成果可为类似条件的矿井提供理论及工程依据。

, authors=张修峰1, 牟宗龙2, 3, 王浩1, 蒋春龙3, 陈洋1, 庄佳鑫3, 满操1, 曹京龙3, authorsList=张修峰, 牟宗龙, 王浩, 蒋春龙, 陈洋, 庄佳鑫, 满操, 曹京龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=牟宗龙, authorNote=

张修峰(1970—),男,山东菏泽人,正高级工程师,从事冲击地压防治技术管理与研究工作。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
牟宗龙(1979—),男,山东胶州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,从事冲击地压、采矿地球物理方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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张修峰(1970—),男,山东菏泽人,正高级工程师,从事冲击地压防治技术管理与研究工作。E-mail:

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张修峰(1970—),男,山东菏泽人,正高级工程师,从事冲击地压防治技术管理与研究工作。E-mail:

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Mechanical parameters of 6305 workface roof rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩层名称厚度/m抗拉强度/MPa抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa
细粒砂岩1.553.3375.6
砂质泥岩16.372.5305.5
粉砂岩18.093.5405.7
细粒砂岩8.163.2375.6
砂质泥岩1.822.5305.5
泥岩0.502.0285.0
3#煤9.511.0124.8
粉砂岩5.853.5405.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322904682569543788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904657391137708, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

6305工作面顶板岩石力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩层名称厚度/m抗拉强度/MPa抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa
细粒砂岩1.553.3375.6
砂质泥岩16.372.5305.5
粉砂岩18.093.5405.7
细粒砂岩8.163.2375.6
砂质泥岩1.822.5305.5
泥岩0.502.0285.0
3#煤9.511.0124.8
粉砂岩5.853.5405.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322904682636652653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904657391137708, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Roof key layer judgment of 6305 workface

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性厚度/m与煤层距离/m关键层类型
砂质泥岩16.3710.48组合亚关键层
粉砂岩18.0910.48组合亚关键层
), ArticleFig(id=1322904682720538734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904657391137708, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

6305工作面顶板关键层判别

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性厚度/m与煤层距离/m关键层类型
砂质泥岩16.3710.48组合亚关键层
粉砂岩18.0910.48组合亚关键层
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沿空巷坚硬顶板走向爆破合理参数研究
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张修峰 1 , 牟宗龙 2, 3 , 王浩 1 , 蒋春龙 3 , 陈洋 1 , 庄佳鑫 3 , 满操 1 , 曹京龙 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(5): 132-141
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (5) : 132 -141
沿空巷坚硬顶板走向爆破合理参数研究
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张修峰(1970—),男,山东菏泽人,正高级工程师,从事冲击地压防治技术管理与研究工作。E-mail:

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张修峰(1970—),男,山东菏泽人,正高级工程师,从事冲击地压防治技术管理与研究工作。E-mail:

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张修峰1 , 牟宗龙2, 3 , 王浩1, 蒋春龙3, 陈洋1, 庄佳鑫3, 满操1, 曹京龙3
作者信息
  • 1.山东能源集团有限公司,山东 济南 250014
  • 2.中国矿业大学 江苏省矿山地震监测工程实验室,江苏 徐州市 221116
  • 3.中国矿业大学 矿业工程学院,江苏 徐州市 221116
通讯作者:
牟宗龙(1979—),男,山东胶州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,从事冲击地压、采矿地球物理方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

张修峰(1970—),男,山东菏泽人,正高级工程师,从事冲击地压防治技术管理与研究工作。E-mail:

Study on Reasonable Parameters of Blasting Along Hard Roof in Gob-Side Roadway
Xiufeng ZHANG1 , Zonglong MU2, 3 , Hao WANG1, Chunlong JIANG3, Yang CHEN1, Jiaxin ZHUANG3, Cao MAN1, Jinglong CAO3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Energy Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitoring and Prevention, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
  • 3.School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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沿空巷侧向坚硬顶板垮落不及时会引起顶板和实体煤侧产生应力集中,对工作面安全构成重大威胁,常采用爆破手段对其进行弱化。以某工作面沿空巷为背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实践的方法,研究了沿空巷坚硬顶板走向爆破角度、爆破高度与卸压效果之间的关系。结果表明:沿空巷爆破时,断裂位置沿采空区侧最有利于维持巷道围岩稳定性,爆破角度应高于关键层运移破断时形成的破断角,同时避免爆破后顶板压在煤柱上方;在合理爆破角度范围内,随着爆破角度的增大,卸压效果有所提高;爆破高度达到组合亚关键层顶部时,能达到较好的卸压效果。现场工程实践表明,在参数选择合理的情况下,对沿空巷顶板实施走向爆破可以有效降低冲击危险,确保工作面安全生产。研究成果可为类似条件的矿井提供理论及工程依据。

沿空巷道  /  深孔爆破  /  坚硬顶板  /  卸压机制  /  爆破参数  /  数值模拟

The stress concentration of the roof and the solid coal side will be caused by the untimely collapse of the lateral hard roof in the gob-side roadway, which poses a major threat to the safety of the working face, and the blasting method is often used to weaken it. Taking the gob-side roadway of a working face as the background, the relationships among blasting angle, blasting height and pressure relief effect of the hard roof in the gob-side roadway were studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field practice. The results show that the fracture position on the goaf side is the most conducive to maintaining the stability of roadway surrounding rock during the blasting of gob-side roadway. The blasting angle should be higher than the breaking angle formed when the key stratum is broken, and the roof pressure above the coal pillar after blasting should be avoided. In the range of reasonable blasting angle, with the increase of blasting angle, the pressure relief effect is improved. When the blasting height reaches the top of the combined sub-key stratum, a better pressure relief effect can be achieved. The field engineering practice shows that under the condition of reasonable parameters, the implementation of strike blasting on the roof of gob-side roadway can effectively reduce the impact risk and ensure the safe production of working face. The research results can provide theoretical and engineering basis for mines with similar conditions.

Gob-side roadway  /  Deep hole blasting  /  Hard roof  /  Pressure relief mechanism  /  Blasting parameter  /  Numerical simulation
张修峰, 牟宗龙, 王浩, 蒋春龙, 陈洋, 庄佳鑫, 满操, 曹京龙. 沿空巷坚硬顶板走向爆破合理参数研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 132 -141 .
Xiufeng ZHANG, Zonglong MU, Hao WANG, Chunlong JIANG, Yang CHEN, Jiaxin ZHUANG, Cao MAN, Jinglong CAO. Study on Reasonable Parameters of Blasting Along Hard Roof in Gob-Side Roadway[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 132 -141 .
冲击矿压是采掘工作面煤岩体积聚的弹性能突然释放,引发煤岩体强烈振动和破坏的动力灾害[1]。沿空巷坚硬顶板来压强度高、垮落步距大、力学行为复杂,对矿山安全生产构成严重危害[2-4],因此,对沿空巷坚硬顶板爆破卸压技术进行研究具有重要意义。近年来,许多学者针对爆破卸压防冲研究取得了一系列成果。在爆破卸压机理方面,高魁等[5]以潘一矿东区某工作面为研究对象,以动力学分析软件LS-DYNA模拟分析结果为基础,推导了放顶卸压机理,同时在试验面进行了应用。齐庆新等[6]通过理论分析和数值模拟阐述了深孔爆破卸压机制,并在典型倾斜煤层条件下进行了工程实践。牟宗龙等[7]利用FLAC3D软件模拟了顶板深孔爆破前后煤体内垂直应力的分布规律,发现顶板深孔爆破能够有效降低煤体内的垂直应力,并采用钻孔窥视仪、钻屑、电磁辐射等监测技术对爆破卸压效果进行了检验。在爆破卸压效果评价方面,KONICEK等[8]对某煤矿煤层危险性进行了深孔顶板预裂爆破设计与实践,提出了相应的卸压爆破效果评价指标以及分级标准。窦林名等[9-10]依据动静载叠加原理分析了爆破断顶防冲机制,建立了分时、分区、分级防冲体系并进行了效果评价。温颖远等[11]通过井地联合监测的方式确定了爆破卸压层位,结果显示,实施顶板爆破具有较好的卸压效果。在爆破卸压参数研究方面,郭德勇等[12]通过聚能爆破技术设计优化了现场爆破方案,为处理顶板悬顶提供了技术指导。赵善坤等[13]通过数值模拟探讨了扇形孔条件下不同爆破参数对防冲的影响。在围岩控制方面,胡涛等[14]系统研究论证了爆破和沿空巷道围岩稳定性的关系,结果表明,爆破切顶后巷道顶底板、帮部和墙体位移量大幅减小,爆破切顶能显著提高巷道围岩稳定性。张欣等[15]建立了顶板预裂前后来压力学模型,并以此为基础提出了相应爆破措施,验证了顶板预裂能控制来压步距。李春睿等[16]基于AUTODYN动力学软件模拟了不耦合装药下爆破附近岩石的位移及应力特征,并形成了顶板弱化的成套技术。WANG等[17]通过有限元软件LS-DYNA模拟了爆破引起的断裂范围,揭示了顶板爆破控制顶板垮落的机制,并在石圪台煤矿达到了预期的实践效果。陈大勇等[18]通过LS-DYNA分析了爆炸应力波的传播路径和影响范围,通过监测巷道变形量,得到深孔爆破对巷道围岩稳定性影响较小。伍永平等[19]通过相似模拟和数值模拟两种方法研究了不同顶板条件下上覆岩层垮落特征,研究结果表明,超前顶板爆破技术可有效降低冲击矿压危害,保障综采工作面安全开采。王艳军等[20]基于UDEC软件分析了巷道围岩变形和应力分布特征,发现对顶板进行深孔顶裂爆破后,可以较好地维护沿空留巷的稳定。
综上可知,许多学者已经从理论和实践等方面对深孔爆破防治冲击地压作出了重要贡献,但以上成果对沿空巷顶板爆破参数与卸压效果之间的关系的研究还不够充分。因此,笔者针对某矿6305工作面沿空巷坚硬顶板,通过理论分析和数值模拟研究了沿空巷顶板爆破高度、断裂位置、爆破角度与卸压效果之间的关系,并在现场进行了爆破效果检验。
新巨龙煤矿位于山东省菏泽市巨野县龙固镇,6305工作面位于六采区北翼,为该区域的第5个工作面。东侧是尚未进行开采的6306工作面,西侧是6304采空区,南侧是下山保护煤柱,北侧是断层保护煤柱。工作面及巷道位置如图1所示。L-6钻孔柱状图如图2所示。
沿空巷走向顶板爆破主要考虑爆破高度、断裂位置、爆破角度3个参数,高度上主要是对关键层进行处理。根据关键层[21]理论,计算第n层岩层对第1层关键层影响,载荷表达式为:
式中,qi为关键层所承受的上覆岩层的载荷,kN/m;Ei为各岩层弹性模量;GPa;hi为各岩层厚度,m;ri为各岩层体积力,kN/m3,i=1~n。
假设某岩层为第1层关键层,则该岩层上方第n+1层坚硬岩层作为第2层关键层必须满足如下载荷关系:
同时,该坚硬岩层还必须满足强度条件,即破断距存在以下关系:
式中,li为岩层的破断步距,m,i=1~n。
岩层的破断距可根据式(4)求解:
式中,Ri为各岩层单轴抗拉强度,MPa。
根据L-6钻孔柱状图划分得到6305工作面顶板岩石力学参数,见表1。
将表1中的相关参数代入式(1)至式(4),得到各顶板岩层的破断步距以及对下层关键层所形成的载荷,并对关键层位置进行判别,判别结果见表2。由表2可知,距离3#煤上方10.48 m的粉砂岩及砂质泥岩形成了组合亚关键层,是进行走向爆破处理时的目标层位。
沿空巷顶板爆破时,断裂位置有朝向实体煤侧、巷道上方及采空区侧3个方向,对这3种情况进行分析。
顶板在实体煤侧断裂时,建立的力学模型如图3所示。
其中:FB为岩块B所受水平推力,kN;FC为岩块C所受水平推力,kN;NB、NC分别为岩块B、C所受剪切力,kN;MA,MB为岩块在A′、B′处的残余弯矩,kN⋅m;M0为直接顶抗弯弯矩,kN⋅m;σ为塑性区煤体力,MPa;q为上覆岩层平均载荷,kN/m;q0为直接顶的平均载荷,kN/m;P1为实体煤侧断裂时煤柱支撑力,kN;x0为煤体极限平衡区宽度,m;a为巷道宽度,m;b为保护煤柱宽度,m。
岩块B所受水平推力为:
式中:L为基本顶断裂跨度,m,q′为基本顶平均载荷,kN/m;h为基本顶的厚度,m;ΔSB为岩块B在B′处的下沉量,m。
对于岩块C,由可得:
由可得:
由可得:
即:
对于岩块B,由可得:
可解得P1为:
式中,ΔSC为岩块C在C′处的下沉量,m。
顶板在巷道上方断裂时,力学模型如图4所示。
其中:a′为巷道距断裂位置的水平距离,m;P2为巷道上方断裂时煤柱的支撑力,kN。
该情况的推导过程与断裂位置在实体煤侧的推导类似,得到的结果与式(9)、式(10)相同,再由可得:
联立解得:
顶板在采空区侧断裂时,力学模型如图5所示。
其中:FB′为岩块A所受水平推力,kN;FC′为岩块B所受水平推力,kN;NB′、NC′分别为岩块A、B所受剪切力,kN;MA′为岩块A产生的弯矩,kN⋅m;MB′为B′处的残余弯矩,kN⋅m;P3为采空区侧断裂时煤柱的支撑力,kN。
对于岩块B,由可得:
式中,ΔSC′为岩块B在C′处的下沉量,m。
由可得:
由可得:
即:
对岩块A的A′点取弯矩平衡,得:
式中,ΔSB′为岩块A在B′处的下沉量,m。
联立可解得:
比较P1、P2可知,P1<P2,考虑到断裂处的残余弯矩较小,可假设MA=MB=MB′=0、ΔSB=ΔSC、ΔSB′=ΔSC′,则P1−P3=MA′/(x0+a+b/2),而MA′较大,可知P1>P3。根据以上分析,3种顶板结构下的煤柱支撑力由小到大为:P3<P1<P2,故实施沿空巷道顶板走向爆破时,断裂位置沿采空区侧最佳。
爆破角度β的选取应遵循以下原则:
(1)关键层覆岩结构的运移破断会形成破断角α,沿空巷走向爆破的主要目的是为了减小悬顶距,因此,沿空巷走向爆破角度β应大于破断角α;
(2)爆破角度不应太大,由上述力学分析可知,断裂位置位于巷道上方时煤柱会产生应力集中,即爆破角度不应为90°;
(3)为进一步降低煤柱受到的悬顶挤压,应保证断裂位置在垂向上超出煤柱宽度,即爆破角度β<θ=arctan⁡(H/b),H为关键层顶部与煤层的垂直高度,m。综上所述,爆破角度β应满足α<β<θ。爆破角度范围示意如图6所示。
由文献[22]可知,关键层破断角与水平面的夹角α的取值范围为57.5°~71°,结合上述分析可知,爆破最大角度θ应不超过arctan⁡(45/5)≈83°,因此,该矿能充分卸压的合理的走向爆破角度β应为57.5°~83°。
在6305工作面原有的地质和应力条件下,模拟了沿空巷坚硬顶板不同爆破高度、不同爆破角度下煤体的应力演化规律。使用 UDEC离散元软件建立了数值模型,如图7所示。模型尺寸为250 m×92 m,工作面长85 m,采空区长135 m,模型左侧留有30 m煤柱,以降低边界条件影响。模型的上边界采用应力边界条件,顶部施加19.2 MPa的垂直应力,等效为上覆岩层载荷。下边界和左右边界简化为位移边界,块体采用摩尔-库伦本构模型,接触面为库伦滑移模型。
根据数值模型及6305工作面现场情况,为研究爆破高度及爆破角度对煤体应力及卸压效果的影响,设计了不同参数组合。将爆破高度设定为位于组合关键层底部、组合关键层第一层顶部和组合关键层第二层顶部3个位置,即爆破高度确定为10 m、28m和45 m。爆破角度的改变会使破断岩块的滑落速度及支撑力产生差别,从而对卸压效果产生影响,结合第二节论述可将爆破角度设定为朝向采空区方向70°和80°。
保持爆破角度为80°不变,研究不同爆破高度下实体煤的应力变化情况,结果如图8和图9所示。由图8和图9可知,当爆破高度为10 m时,未达到组合关键层,此时应力峰值为38.83MPa,应力集中区距沿空巷9 m,卸压效果不明显;当爆破高度为28 m时,爆破高度达到组合关键层中第一层顶部,此时实体煤侧峰值应力为37.18 MPa,应力集中区距沿空巷10 m;当爆破高度为45 m时,上方组合关键层完全被爆破,此时煤壁侧峰值应力为35.69 MPa,应力集中区距沿空巷15 m,卸压效果最好。综合上述,爆破高度对卸压效果的影响主要与关键层位置有关,当爆破高度未影响到关键层时,卸压效果并不明显,当爆破高度逐渐增加至组合关键层顶部时,爆破卸压效果达到了工程实践的要求。
上述研究结果表明,爆破高度为45 m时有较好的工程效果,因此将爆破高度定为45m,爆破角度分别为70°和80°,这两种情况下实施爆破后的垂直应力云图如图10所示,应力分布情况如图11所示。由图10和图11可知,当爆破角度为70°时,沿空侧煤体应力峰值为37.4 MPa,应力峰值与煤壁之间的距离为12 m;当爆破角度为80°时,沿空侧煤体应力峰值为35.69 MPa,应力峰值与煤壁之间距离为15 m。对比可知,两种爆破角度都对降低工作面冲击危险性有益,但在合理角度范围内,角度越大,卸压效果越好。
在6305工作面回采过程中,6304采空区上覆岩层随着时间的推移逐渐破断和下沉,并压实采空区。爆破前后煤体距沿空巷不同距离处的垂直应力分布如图12所示。由图12可知,爆破前后沿空侧煤体应力峰值分别为39.23 MPa和35.69MPa,峰值应力降低了3.54 MPa,与沿空巷的距离分别为9 m和15 m,向深部转移了6 m。可知爆破能使沿空巷煤体应力峰值减小并向深部转移,降低冲击危险性。
为比较沿空巷走向爆破效果,在6305工作面回采过程中设计了试验1区和试验2区,其中试验1区为实施走向爆破前的区域,试验2区为实施走向爆破后的区域。爆破的垂直高度为45 m,爆破角度为80°,剖面图如图13所示。
对爆破前后煤粉量数据进行了监测,施工方式为:从停采线以北20 m开始施工煤粉监测孔,孔深15 m, 爆破前施工 8 个,爆破后 8 个,进行前后对比,爆破前和爆破后的煤粉监测孔间距为1 m, 以减小受距离影响而产生的误差。监测孔施工位置如图14 所示。
图15和图16分别为爆破前后距停采线20~57.5 m、70~112.5 m的共16个煤粉监测孔的煤粉钻屑量随孔深的变化情况。距停采线20 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为3.56%,平均煤粉量的降幅约为1.36%;距停采线37.5 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为1.45%,平均煤粉量的降幅约为1.3%;距停采线57.5 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为2.77%,平均煤粉量的降幅约为4.09%;距停采线70 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为3.13%,平均煤粉量的降幅约为5%;距停采线82.5 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为4.72%,平均煤粉量的降幅约为6.52%;距停采线100 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为5.59%,平均煤粉量的降幅约为3.33%;距停采线112.5 m处,爆破后总煤粉量的降幅约为31.8%,平均煤粉量降幅约为22.72%;只有距停采线45 m处,爆破后总煤粉量及平均煤粉量较爆破前有所升高。
由此可知,对6305沿空巷顶板实施走向爆破后,总煤粉量及平均煤粉量几乎均下降,可见实施走向爆破能降低工作面的冲击危险性。
图17为试验1区与试验2区回采过程中微震频次及总能量。由图17可知,试验1区平均每日释放总能量为2.95×103 J, 试验2区平均每日释放总能量为1.54×103 J, 进行走向爆破后微震总能量平均降幅约为47.8%; 试验1区平均日微震频次为27.04次,试验2区平均日微震频次27.76次,进行走向爆破后微震频次平均降幅约为23.2%。
综合钻屑及微震监测情况可知,6305工作面沿空巷坚硬顶板实施走向爆破后,冲击危险性明显降低,有效确保了工作面安全生产。
(1)通过理论分析建立了爆破断裂位置处于实体煤侧、巷道上方及采空区侧3种情况下的围岩结构力学模型,计算并比较了3种爆破断裂位置下沿空巷旁煤柱支撑力大小,结果为P3<P1<P2,可知实施沿空巷道顶板走向爆破时,断裂位置沿采空区侧最佳。
(2)沿空巷走向爆破角度应大于关键层运移破断形成的破断角,同时,爆破角度也不应太大。结合所建立的力学模型结果可知,断裂位置位于巷道上方时,煤柱会产生应力集中,因此爆破角度应避免垂直向上。为进一步降低煤柱受到的悬顶挤压,应使断裂位置在垂向上超出煤柱宽度,避免爆破后顶板压在煤柱上方。
(3)通过数值模拟的方式比较了不同爆破高度和不同爆破角度下实体煤侧的应力变化。结果表明:爆破角度不变时,10 m、28m及45 m三种爆破高度下实体煤侧的应力峰值分别为38.83 MPa、37.18 MPa 及 35.69 MPa,距沿空巷距离分别为 9 m、10 m 及 15 m,可知爆破高度为 45 m时能有效降低围岩应力集中,起到较好的卸压效果;爆破高度不变时,70°和80°两种爆破角度下沿空侧煤体应力峰值分别为 37.4 MPa 和 35.69 MPa,应力集中区距沿空巷道的距离分别为 12 m 和 15 m,说明在合理爆破角度范围内,随着爆破角度的升高,卸压效果有所改善。
(4)现场工程实践结果表明,沿空巷坚硬顶板实施走向爆破后,工作面煤粉钻屑量、微震日总能量及频次均有所降低,其中微震总能量平均降幅约为47.8%,微震频次平均降幅约为23.2%,说明沿空巷坚硬顶板实施走向爆破能有效降低冲击危险性,确保工作面安全生产。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52274147; 51974302)
  • 国家重点研发计划课题项目(2022YFC3004603)
  • 山东能源集团2022年度揭榜挂帅项目(SNKJ2022BJ01-R27)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52274147; 51974302)
国家重点研发计划课题项目(2022YFC3004603)
山东能源集团2022年度揭榜挂帅项目(SNKJ2022BJ01-R27)
作者信息
    1.山东能源集团有限公司,山东 济南 250014
    2.中国矿业大学 江苏省矿山地震监测工程实验室,江苏 徐州市 221116
    3.中国矿业大学 矿业工程学院,江苏 徐州市 221116

通讯作者:

牟宗龙(1979—),男,山东胶州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,从事冲击地压、采矿地球物理方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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