Article(id=1322904638177026511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720022400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334644120, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334644120, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334644120, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334644120, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=247, endPage=255, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904638638399952, articleId=1322904638177026511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimization of Biocatchers Based on Response Surface Methodology for the Flotation of Copper Ions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A novel biodegradable surfactant of sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate (LS) was used for copper ion flotation. The effects of mass concentration ratio of LS to Cu(Ⅱ)(ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)), pH value of solution and flotation time on the flotation effect of copper ion were explored by single factor condition tests, and the flotation conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method. Finally, the verification test was carried out based on the optimization results. The results of single factor test show that at the best condition with ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ) of 2.5, pH value of 8, and flotation time of 5 min, the removal rate of Cu(Ⅱ) reaches 97.97%. The verification test results show that the average removal rate of Cu(Ⅱ) in the three verification tests reaches 99.71% at the condition with ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ) of 2.5, pH of 9, and flotation time of 4 min, which is basically consistent with the prediction results obtained by software fitting. It indicates that the model has a good fitting degree and reliability. The morphology and elemental analysis show that the structure of LS-Cu complex is loose and stable. Compared with LS, the mass concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) in the complex increases from 0.00 to 5.15%, indicating that LS has a good adsorption capacity for Cu(Ⅱ).

, authors=Meng DONG1, 2, Fu YANG3, Dongxia FENG1, 2, Xiong TONG1, 2, Xuanxu LUO1, 2, Minglong GUO1, 2, authorsList=Meng DONG, Fu YANG, Dongxia FENG, Xiong TONG, Xuanxu LUO, Minglong GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dongxia FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904647408689652, articleId=1322904638177026511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于响应面法优化生物捕收剂浮选铜离子的研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用新型生物可降解表面活性剂N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(LS)进行铜离子浮选研究。采用单因素条件试验探索LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度比(ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ))、溶液pH以及浮选时间对铜离子浮选效果的影响,并通过Box-Behnken响应面法优化浮选条件,最后基于优化结果进行验证试验。单因素试验结果表明,ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)=2.5, pH为8,浮选时间为5 min为最佳条件,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率可达97.97%。验证试验结果表明,在ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)=2.5, pH为9,浮选时间为4 min的条件下,3次验证试验获得Cu(Ⅱ)去除率平均值达到99.71%,与软件拟合所得预测结果基本吻合,表明预测模型的拟合程度和可靠性好。形貌和元素分析结果表明,LS-Cu络合物组织松散且稳定,与LS相比,LS-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物中Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度从0.00上升至5.15%,表明LS对Cu(Ⅱ)具有较好的吸附能力。

, authors=董梦1, 2, 杨富3, 封东霞1, 2, 童雄1, 2, 罗选旭1, 2, 郭明龙1, 2, authorsList=董梦, 杨富, 封东霞, 童雄, 罗选旭, 郭明龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=封东霞, authorNote=

董梦(1999—),女,贵州盘州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为离子浮选。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
封东霞(1989—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,研究方向为浮选基础研究、粗颗粒浮选、离子浮选。E-mail:
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董梦(1999—),女,贵州盘州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为离子浮选。E-mail:

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journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SEM、EDS及EDX图, figureFileSmall=RHNazzVKkuaf0BeEjDha6g==, figureFileBig=6phGtkijhQZ7Wh2rGQA27Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904669302956610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of copper fractions under different pH conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pHCu2+/(mol/L) /(mol/L) /(mol/L)Cu(OH)2(aq)/(mol/L) /(mol/L) /(mol/L)
13.93E-044.73E-287.28E-409.69E-192.11E-166.59E-11
23.93E-046.96E-257.26E-361.65E-163.53E-149.72E-10
33.93E-047.97E-227.32E-321.97E-144.22E-121.11E-08
43.93E-048.16E-197.32E-282.03E-124.35E-101.13E-07
53.92E-048.16E-167.30E-242.03E-104.34E-081.13E-06
63.74E-047.81E-136.97E-201.94E-083.96E-061.09E-05
71.38E-042.93E-102.56E-167.33E-075.50E-054.07E-05
88.99E-061.94E-081.67E-134.90E-062.40E-052.70E-05
94.34E-079.40E-078.07E-112.37E-055.60E-061.31E-05
101.80E-083.91E-053.36E-089.88E-059.70E-075.44E-06
111.49E-103.11E-042.77E-067.77E-056.28E-094.33E-07
121.94E-133.49E-043.61E-058.27E-068.74E-134.85E-09
131.28E-161.55E-042.39E-043.16E-072.24E-172.15E-11
142.03E-201.92E-053.74E-043.16E-094.07E-232.68E-14
), ArticleFig(id=1322904669684638275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同pH条件下铜的组分分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pHCu2+/(mol/L) /(mol/L) /(mol/L)Cu(OH)2(aq)/(mol/L) /(mol/L) /(mol/L)
13.93E-044.73E-287.28E-409.69E-192.11E-166.59E-11
23.93E-046.96E-257.26E-361.65E-163.53E-149.72E-10
33.93E-047.97E-227.32E-321.97E-144.22E-121.11E-08
43.93E-048.16E-197.32E-282.03E-124.35E-101.13E-07
53.92E-048.16E-167.30E-242.03E-104.34E-081.13E-06
63.74E-047.81E-136.97E-201.94E-083.96E-061.09E-05
71.38E-042.93E-102.56E-167.33E-075.50E-054.07E-05
88.99E-061.94E-081.67E-134.90E-062.40E-052.70E-05
94.34E-079.40E-078.07E-112.37E-055.60E-061.31E-05
101.80E-083.91E-053.36E-089.88E-059.70E-075.44E-06
111.49E-103.11E-042.77E-067.77E-056.28E-094.33E-07
121.94E-133.49E-043.61E-058.27E-068.74E-134.85E-09
131.28E-161.55E-042.39E-043.16E-072.24E-172.15E-11
142.03E-201.92E-053.74E-043.16E-094.07E-232.68E-14
), ArticleFig(id=1322904670053737028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface

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水平ABC/min
–12.083
02.594
13.0105
), ArticleFig(id=1322904670456390213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面因素与水平

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水平ABC/min
–12.083
02.594
13.0105
), ArticleFig(id=1322904670544470599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental program and results of response surface

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序号ABCR/%
101–199.67
201194.17
300090.93
400098.80
51–1097.27
611070.07
710–196.53
8–1–1075.80
900097.67
1000094.93
110–1–193.60
12–10–198.10
1310197.80
14–10186.33
150–1196.97
1600098.67
17–11093.20
), ArticleFig(id=1322904670611579464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面试验方案及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号ABCR/%
101–199.67
201194.17
300090.93
400098.80
51–1097.27
611070.07
710–196.53
8–1–1075.80
900097.67
1000094.93
110–1–193.60
12–10–198.10
1310197.80
14–10186.33
150–1196.97
1600098.67
17–11093.20
), ArticleFig(id=1322904670880014921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variance analysis of response surface quadratic model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方和F值P值
模型1 012.259112.478.630.004 8
A8.4918.490.650.446 2
B5.3315.330.410.542 8
C19.94119.941.530.256 0
AB497.291497.2938.160.000 5
AC42.51142.513.260.113 9
BC19.67119.671.510.258 9
A2192.621192.6214.780.006 3
B2120.571120.579.250.018 8
C2116.221116.228.920.020 3
残差91.22713.03
失拟项46.81315.601.410.363 9
纯误差44.41411.10
总误差1 103.4716
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响应曲面二次模型的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方和F值P值
模型1 012.259112.478.630.004 8
A8.4918.490.650.446 2
B5.3315.330.410.542 8
C19.94119.941.530.256 0
AB497.291497.2938.160.000 5
AC42.51142.513.260.113 9
BC19.67119.671.510.258 9
A2192.621192.6214.780.006 3
B2120.571120.579.250.018 8
C2116.221116.228.920.020 3
残差91.22713.03
失拟项46.81315.601.410.363 9
纯误差44.41411.10
总误差1 103.4716
), ArticleFig(id=1322904673052664395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of verification experiments

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试验号ABC/minR/%R平均值%
12.59499.7799.71
22.59499.63
32.59499.72
), ArticleFig(id=1322904674256429644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

验证试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABC/minR/%R平均值%
12.59499.7799.71
22.59499.63
32.59499.72
), ArticleFig(id=1322904674763940429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Mass concentration of each element in LS and LS-Cu( Ⅱ ) obtained by EDX analysis

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样品名称CONaCu
LS73.6720.635.700.00
LS-Cu(Ⅱ)67.5527.300.005.15
), ArticleFig(id=1322904675128844878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904638177026511, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

EDX分析获得LS和LS−Cu(Ⅱ)中各元素的质量浓度

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样品名称CONaCu
LS73.6720.635.700.00
LS-Cu(Ⅱ)67.5527.300.005.15
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基于响应面法优化生物捕收剂浮选铜离子的研究
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董梦 1, 2 , 杨富 3 , 封东霞 1, 2 , 童雄 1, 2 , 罗选旭 1, 2 , 郭明龙 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(5): 247-255
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (5) : 247 -255
基于响应面法优化生物捕收剂浮选铜离子的研究
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董梦(1999—),女,贵州盘州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为离子浮选。E-mail:

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董梦(1999—),女,贵州盘州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为离子浮选。E-mail:

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董梦1, 2 , 杨富3, 封东霞1, 2 , 童雄1, 2, 罗选旭1, 2, 郭明龙1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.昆明理工大学 国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
  • 2.金属矿尾矿资源绿色综合利用国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南 昆明 650093
  • 3.鹤庆北衙矿业有限公司,云南 鹤庆县 671507
通讯作者:
封东霞(1989—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,研究方向为浮选基础研究、粗颗粒浮选、离子浮选。E-mail:
作者简介:

董梦(1999—),女,贵州盘州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为离子浮选。E-mail:

Optimization of Biocatchers Based on Response Surface Methodology for the Flotation of Copper Ions
Meng DONG1, 2 , Fu YANG3, Dongxia FENG1, 2 , Xiong TONG1, 2, Xuanxu LUO1, 2, Minglong GUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
  • 2.National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Metal Mine Tailings Resources, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
  • 3.Heqing Beiga Mining Co., Ltd., Heqing, Yunnan 671507, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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采用新型生物可降解表面活性剂N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(LS)进行铜离子浮选研究。采用单因素条件试验探索LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度比(ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ))、溶液pH以及浮选时间对铜离子浮选效果的影响,并通过Box-Behnken响应面法优化浮选条件,最后基于优化结果进行验证试验。单因素试验结果表明,ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)=2.5, pH为8,浮选时间为5 min为最佳条件,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率可达97.97%。验证试验结果表明,在ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)=2.5, pH为9,浮选时间为4 min的条件下,3次验证试验获得Cu(Ⅱ)去除率平均值达到99.71%,与软件拟合所得预测结果基本吻合,表明预测模型的拟合程度和可靠性好。形貌和元素分析结果表明,LS-Cu络合物组织松散且稳定,与LS相比,LS-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物中Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度从0.00上升至5.15%,表明LS对Cu(Ⅱ)具有较好的吸附能力。

离子浮选  /  铜离子  /  N-月桂酰基氨酸钠  /  生物表面活性剂  /  响应面分析法

A novel biodegradable surfactant of sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate (LS) was used for copper ion flotation. The effects of mass concentration ratio of LS to Cu(Ⅱ)(ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)), pH value of solution and flotation time on the flotation effect of copper ion were explored by single factor condition tests, and the flotation conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method. Finally, the verification test was carried out based on the optimization results. The results of single factor test show that at the best condition with ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ) of 2.5, pH value of 8, and flotation time of 5 min, the removal rate of Cu(Ⅱ) reaches 97.97%. The verification test results show that the average removal rate of Cu(Ⅱ) in the three verification tests reaches 99.71% at the condition with ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ) of 2.5, pH of 9, and flotation time of 4 min, which is basically consistent with the prediction results obtained by software fitting. It indicates that the model has a good fitting degree and reliability. The morphology and elemental analysis show that the structure of LS-Cu complex is loose and stable. Compared with LS, the mass concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) in the complex increases from 0.00 to 5.15%, indicating that LS has a good adsorption capacity for Cu(Ⅱ).

Ion flotation  /  Copper ion  /  Sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate  /  Biosurfactant  /  Response surface method
董梦, 杨富, 封东霞, 童雄, 罗选旭, 郭明龙. 基于响应面法优化生物捕收剂浮选铜离子的研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 247 -255 .
Meng DONG, Fu YANG, Dongxia FENG, Xiong TONG, Xuanxu LUO, Minglong GUO. Optimization of Biocatchers Based on Response Surface Methodology for the Flotation of Copper Ions[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 247 -255 .
近年来,随着现代工农业的快速发展,各种无机和有机污染物不断排放到自然界中,造成严重的水污染。工业废水中大多含铜、铅、锌、铬、镍等重金属,重金属离子污染是目前亟需解决的突出环境问题[1]。重金属废水主要来源于电镀、采矿、冶炼以及电池等行业,它具有富集性、毒害性和不易自然降解等特点,高重金属浓度废水的排放会对环境和人的身体健康造成严重危害[2]。含铜废水是常见的工业生产废水之一,随意排放会加剧环境污染。目前,去除金属离子的常规方法包括离子交换法[3]、吸附法[4]、膜分离法[5]、化学沉淀法和氧化还原法[6]等,这些处理方法存在成本高和效率较低等问题。
离子浮选技术可以应用于溶液中重金属离子的回收,该技术具有处理量大、成本低及设备简单、易于维护等优势[7]。离子浮选已被广泛应用于金属废水处理[8]、贵金属回收[9]、多离子选择性分离[10]和稀土元素预富集[11]等多个领域,由于其独特的物理化学特点以及经济方便等优势,在含铜废水的处理方面具有很高的应用潜力。离子浮选作为一个复杂的物理化学过程,浮选指标的好坏取决于捕收剂的类型与用量、溶液的化学环境、药剂反应时间以及浮选时间等条件[12]。KHATIR等[13]采用氟离子为螯合剂,选择性分离钕离子和铝离子,当氟浓度为10 mmol/L时,在最佳条件下,钕离子去除率为79.67%,铝离子去除率为2.64%,并获得最大选择性系数为30.2。胡鹏飞等[14]采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为捕收剂,在溶液pH为6, Na2CO3添加量为3.0×10−3 mol/L时,铀的去除率达到92.0%。UNZILE等[15]采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、乙基黄原酸钾(KEtX)、CTAB和皂素作为捕收剂进行试验,当用SDS作为捕收剂时,Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的去除效果最好,去除率分别达到97.5%、87.5%、87.0%、83.0%和92.5%。由于常用捕收剂存在成本和能源需求高、产生二次污染物等问题[16],限制了实施的便利性。因此,开发利用一种高效、经济且环保的方法去除废水中的铜离子具有重要意义。
生物捕收剂是一种新兴环保药剂,对金属离子具有较好的选择性吸附作用,近年来,关于用生物表面活性剂作为溶液中离子捕收剂的相关研究取得了大量进展。常见的生物表面活性剂有鼠李糖脂类、槐糖脂、海藻糖脂、天然茶皂素和表面活性肽等[17]。HU等[18]将生物表面活性剂月桂酰基异硫氰酸甲酯钠(SLMI)应用于离子浮选,并与SDS的去除性能进行了对比,结果显示,SLMI对Ni(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率分别达到97.9%和97.8%。MITAL等[19]采用鼠李糖脂作为捕收剂,且在浓度为0.85 mmol/L, pH=6时,镓的去除率接近74%;当鼠李糖脂浓度为0.85 mmol/L时,镓的选择性指数最高,为17.2。石爽[20]尝试用糖苷类表面活性剂去除水溶液中的微量Cu(Ⅱ),但单独使用糖苷作为浮选剂无法有效地去除金属离子,将其与CTAB复配可产生良好的协同效应,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率可达到92.2%。生物表面活性剂具有良好的水溶性和生物降解性,与常用表面活性剂相比,生物表面活性剂可以用廉价的有机废物生产。此外,大分子生物表面活性剂对重金属离子具有很强的螯合能力,能形成稳定的络合物[21-22]。本研究采用离子浮选法对模拟铜离子废水进行处理,通过响应面法设计,探索了用生物表面活性剂N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(LS)作为捕收剂去除铜离子的最佳条件,并分析了LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的作用机制。
试验用的仪器设备主要有改良自制哈雷蒙德管、原子发射光谱(ICP)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、磁力搅拌器、pH计、纯水机和电子分析天平等。
在离子浮选试验中,采用国药集团的无水硫酸铜(CuSO4)制备模拟废水(30 mg/L),用N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(LS)作为捕收剂,NaOH和H2SO4作为pH调整剂。将一定质量的LS与配制好的硫酸铜溶液反应一定时间后将溶液转移至自制浮选管中进行离子浮选,并利用ICP测定浮选管中残余溶液的铜离子含量。试验中所用水均为超纯水。
为确定LS的添加浓度范围,对不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液进行表面张力测定,每个样品重复检测三次,取平均值,并根据检测结果绘制溶液表面张力值曲线,曲线的转折点为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)[23],如图1所示。由图1可知,随着表面活性剂LS浓度的负对数值–lgK的不断增加,表面张力逐渐减小,当溶液中LS的浓度达到2.5 g/L时,溶液的表面张力曲线出现转折点,且再随着浓度升高曲线无明显变化,说明LS的CMC值为2.5 g/L。
溶液化学环境是影响离子浮选效果的关键因素,溶液酸碱度通常决定了溶液中离子的形态和电性。金属离子通常在酸性溶液中荷正电,在碱性溶液中荷负电,且易生成金属氢氧化物[24-26]。试验利用 Visual Minteq 软件计算出pH为1~14时铜的分布情况,为分析Cu(Ⅱ)与 LS 的吸附行为提供依据,铜的水解组分分布及pH对铜离子形态的影响分别见表1 和图2。
在浮选过程中,LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度比ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)是影响金属去除率的重要因素,ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)过高会造成药剂浪费,同时,浮选过程中会产生过多泡沫,导致泡沫携带过多的水。当ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)较低时,捕收剂浓度较低,能与Cu(Ⅱ)形成络合物的官能团少,不能充分反应,导致去除率较低。为了探索ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)对浮选效果的影响,试验设定pH为8,浮选时间为5 min,考察ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)对Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率的影响,如图3所示。由图3可知,随着ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)的增加,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率先增大后趋于平稳,当ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)=2.5时,可获得最佳的浮选效果,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达到95.50%。
以上述ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)试验为基础,在ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)=2.5、浮选时间为5 min的条件下,通过试验探索溶液pH对Cu(Ⅱ)去除率的影响,试验结果如图4所示。由图4可知,随着pH的增加,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率先增大后略有下降,在pH为8时,LS对Cu(Ⅱ)的浮选效果最佳,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率为97.97%。根据溶液化学计算结果分析可知,当Cu(Ⅱ)溶液pH为8时,溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)主要以、、Cu(Ⅱ)和少量Cu(OH)2(aq)的形式存在。当pH为7~9时,阳离子为主导部分,组分中,更易与阴离子表面活性剂LS结合,LS与OH−进行离子交换,从而与铜发生化学吸附。当pH大于9时,溶液中逐渐转变为阴离子为优势组分,溶液中OH−与阴离子组分发生竞争吸附,导致Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率开始呈下降趋势。
基于上述试验,探究了浮选时间对Cu(Ⅱ)去除率的影响,试验结果如图5所示。由图5可知,随着浮选时间增加,溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率先升高后趋于平缓,当浮选时间为5 min时,溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率无明显增加,可见最佳浮选时间为5 min时,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达到96.83%。
在单因素试验的基础上,以ρLS:ρCu(Ⅱ)(A)、溶液pH(B)、浮选时间(C)3个因素作为自变量,以铜离子去除率作为响应值进行了Box-Behnken响应面设计,建立响应曲面模型。采用Design-Expert8.0.6软件设计试验,综合考虑3个因素对铜离子去除率(R)的影响。响应曲面试验设计因素与水平见表2,试验方案及结果见表3。
使用Design-Expert 软件分析表3 中的试验数据,建立多元回归模型[27],拟合得到的A、B和C之间的二次多项回归方程如下:
由表4可知,该模型的F=8.63,P=0.004 8<0.05,表明该模型差异显著。决定系数R2为0.917 3,说明该回归方程与对应的响应值吻合程度能够达到91.73%,该模型能解释91.73%响应值的变化,模型预测结果与实际结果有着较好的一致性。失拟项不显著(P=0.363 9>0.05),说明试验无失拟因素存在,回归模型能充分反映实际情况。由F检验可知,对铜离子去除率的影响程度从大到小的因素排序依次为C、A、B。由P值可知,A、B、C对R影响不显著(P>0.05),交互项AB的影响极显著(P<0.01),AC、BC的影响不显著(P>0.05),二次项A2对R的影响为极显著(P<0.01),B2、C2影响较显著(P<0.05),由此可得A和B之间交互作用的影响明显。
为了直观反映A、B、C三个因素之间的交互作用对R的影响,利用Design-Expert软件绘制了各因素与响应值之间的三维曲面和等高线分析图,如图6所示,曲面越陡峭,倾斜度越高,说明各因素之间的交互作用对响应值的影响越大,等高线疏密程度、颜色和形状可以反映因素之间交互作用是否显著[28-29]。由图6 可知,相较于AC和BC,AB的响应曲面更为陡峭,等高线分布更密集,且呈椭圆形状,与表4 中AB对R的影响为极显著(P<0.01)一致。这说明A与B之间的交互作用明显,且对响应值的影响极显著,对铜离子去除效果有重要作用。
为了考察模型的可靠性,用模型对铜离子浮选试验结果进行预测,并对试验预测值与实际值进行对比分析。铜离子去除率实际值和预测值分布见图7,图中斜线代表实际值和预测值完全吻合的情况。图7中大部分试验点均分布于直线上或靠近直线,离散性较小,表明模型拟合程度和可靠性较好。
利用 Design-Expert 软件计算得到A为2.5、B为9、C为4 min时Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率最高,且在此条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率的最大值达到100%。以预测试验方案进行 3 次重复试验,测定相应指标,试验结果见表5。表5 中3 次试验的去除率均值为99.71%,接近100%,表明该结果符合客观实际。所以,利用响应面分析法试验优化铜离子浮选条件的方法是合理且可行的。
LS与Cu(Ⅱ)作用前后的扫描电镜(SEM)图如图8(a)、图8(d)所示。
由图8可以看出,LS与Cu(Ⅱ)作用后LS−Cu(Ⅱ)络合物组织形态呈松散分层结构,且不密实,容易漂浮在水体中。相比LS-Cu(Ⅱ),LS结构呈条状且排列密实,紧凑有序。能量色散谱仪(EDS)测试结果见图8(b)、图8(e)(颜色标识见电子版),蓝色代表C,黄色代表Na(Ⅰ)/Cu(Ⅱ),相较于反应前,LS-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物上的元素组成有明显变化。图8(e)中,Cu(Ⅱ)数量明显增加,且广泛分布于络合物上,说明在浮选过程中LS与Cu通过化学反应生成了稳定的络合物。能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)分析结果见图8(c)、图8(f), LS-Cu(Ⅱ)的EDX图谱中出现了3个Cu(Ⅱ)特征峰,且Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度从0.00上升至5.15%(见表6),表明反应中Cu(Ⅱ)取代了LS中的Na(Ⅰ),且LS对Cu(Ⅱ)具有较好的吸附能力。
通过单因素条件试验,确定了LS浮选铜离子的最佳LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度比、溶液pH以及浮选时间,并通过响应曲面法对浮选条件进行优化,建立数学模型,进行了回归分析和各条件之间的交互作用分析,计算出条件的最佳组合,得到以下结论。
(1)通过单因素条件试验,确定单因素最佳条件为:LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度比为2.5,溶液pH为8,浮选时间为5 min。该条件下Cu(Ⅱ)去除率可达97.97%。
(2)采用响应曲面法对3个条件进行优化,构建3个条件与Cu(Ⅱ)去除率之间的模型并得到拟合方程。回归和方差分析表明,所得到模型拟合程度和可靠性好。因素交互作用分析结果表明,LS与Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度比与溶液pH之间的交互作用显著。模型验证试验结果显示,3次试验的铜离子去除率平均值为99.71%,与模拟优化结果基本一致,表明应用响应曲面法优化条件的可靠性与可行性较高。
(3)对LS与LS−Cu(Ⅱ)络合物进行了形貌和元素分析,结果表明,LS−Cu(Ⅱ)络合物组织松散不密实,络合物稳定,与LS相比,LS与Cu(Ⅱ)作用后络合物中Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度从0.00上升至5.15%,表明LS对Cu(Ⅱ)具有较好的吸附能力。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52264025)
  • 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(KKRD202221056)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52264025)
云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(KKRD202221056)
作者信息
    1.昆明理工大学 国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2.金属矿尾矿资源绿色综合利用国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南 昆明 650093
    3.鹤庆北衙矿业有限公司,云南 鹤庆县 671507

通讯作者:

封东霞(1989—),女,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授,研究方向为浮选基础研究、粗颗粒浮选、离子浮选。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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