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Article(id=1322904617390060206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732809600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334639164, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334639164, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334639164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334639164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=256, endPage=263, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904617843045039, articleId=1322904617390060206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Influence of Preparation Conditions of Caustic Starch on Reverse Flotation Desilication of Hematite, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A systematic study was conducted on the influence of preparation conditions of caustic starch on the reverse flotation desilication effect of a certain Anshan style hematite ore in Hebei province. Through single-factor variable tests and closed-circuit process test, the optimization combination scheme of key preparation parameters such as causticity ratio, causticity temperature, and causticity time was clarified. The results show that under the optimal conditions of a causticity ratio of 8 : 100, a causticity temperature of 90 ℃, and a causticity time of 30 min, the selective inhibition performance of caustic starch was significantly improved. In the closed-circuit test, the iron grades of iron concentrate and tailings were 67.02% and 20.65%, respectively, with an iron recovery rate of 87.63%. Infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential analysis revealed the mechanism of changes in the molecular structure and adsorption properties of caustic starch. The results confirmed that after causticization treatment, starch can effectively expose its hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which enhances the chemical adsorption ability of the inhibitor on the surface of hematite, thereby achieving selective inhibition of hematite. The research result provides a novel approach for the green and sustainable development of the reverse flotation desilication process for hematite.

, authors=Youbang LAI, Teng YUAN, Xinfeng BIAN, authorsList=Youbang LAI, Teng YUAN, Xinfeng BIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904621987017412, articleId=1322904617390060206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅的影响研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对河北某鞍山式赤铁矿，系统探讨了苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅效果的影响。通过单因素变量试验和闭路流程试验，明确了苛化比、苛化温度及苛化时间等关键制备参数的优化组合方案。结果表明，在苛化比为8:100、苛化温度为90 ℃及苛化时间为30 min的最佳试验条件下，苛化淀粉的选择性抑制性能得到显著提升。闭路试验中，铁精矿和尾矿铁品位分别为67.02%和20.65%，铁回收率达到87.63%。红外光谱及Zeta电位分析揭示了苛化淀粉在分子结构和吸附性能上的变化机理，结果证实，淀粉经苛化处理后，可使其羟基与羧基得到有效暴露，这一机制增强了抑制剂与赤铁矿表面的化学吸附能力，从而实现了对赤铁矿的选择性抑制。研究结果为赤铁矿反浮选脱硅工艺的绿色可持续发展提供了新思路。

, authors=来有邦, 袁腾, 边新峰, authorsList=来有邦, 袁腾, 边新峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

来有邦（1988—），男，河北滦州人，高级工程师，主要从事选矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

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来有邦（1988—），男，河北滦州人，高级工程师，主要从事选矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

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Experimental study on magnetic flotation combined beneficiation process of a high sulfur iron mine abroad[J]. 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caption=普通淀粉与苛化淀粉的红外光谱对比, figureFileSmall=ZtISBusfKPsabhZcGbPMqg==, figureFileBig=vj5ItAIg6/p8HV07FIyC3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904632795738865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of infrared spectra of hematite before and after caustic starch treatment, figureFileSmall=IfYvSXMGOuHWf/45qZXcpQ==, figureFileBig=9j+1IvuGPVl3hMRKe0p2WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904632888013554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=CN, label=图9, caption=苛性淀粉处理前后赤铁矿的红外光谱对比, figureFileSmall=IfYvSXMGOuHWf/45qZXcpQ==, figureFileBig=9j+1IvuGPVl3hMRKe0p2WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904632967705331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of starch with different pH on Zeta potential of hematite surface, figureFileSmall=1KhKzfLKzcy3n+brAfJNvg==, figureFileBig=pzRCYbKNa/LDMG3W8gEYDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904633039008500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同pH下淀粉对赤铁矿表面Zeta电位的影响, figureFileSmall=1KhKzfLKzcy3n+brAfJNvg==, figureFileBig=pzRCYbKNa/LDMG3W8gEYDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904633135477493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical composition of samples ores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2CaOMgOAl2O3
51.4320.223.854.471.78
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矿石主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2CaOMgOAl2O3
51.4320.223.854.471.78
), ArticleFig(id=1322904633345192695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The results of closed-circuit test for reverse flotation of hematite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率铁品位铁回收率
铁精矿68.5767.0287.63
尾矿31.4320.6512.37
给矿100.0051.43100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904633408107256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904617390060206, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

赤铁矿反浮选闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率铁品位铁回收率
铁精矿68.5767.0287.63
尾矿31.4320.6512.37
给矿100.0051.43100.00
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苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅的影响研究
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来有邦 , 袁腾 , 边新峰
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(5): 256-263
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (5) : 256 -263
苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅的影响研究
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来有邦 , 袁腾, 边新峰
作者信息
  • 河北钢铁集团司家营研山铁矿有限公司，河北　唐山市　063700
作者简介:

来有邦（1988—），男，河北滦州人，高级工程师，主要从事选矿技术研究与管理工作。E-mail:

Study on the Influence of Preparation Conditions of Caustic Starch on Reverse Flotation Desilication of Hematite
Youbang LAI , Teng YUAN, Xinfeng BIAN
Affiliations
  • Sijiaying Yanshan Iron Mine Co., Ltd., Hebei Iron & Steel Group, Tangshan, Hebei 063700, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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摘要
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针对河北某鞍山式赤铁矿，系统探讨了苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅效果的影响。通过单因素变量试验和闭路流程试验，明确了苛化比、苛化温度及苛化时间等关键制备参数的优化组合方案。结果表明，在苛化比为8:100、苛化温度为90 ℃及苛化时间为30 min的最佳试验条件下，苛化淀粉的选择性抑制性能得到显著提升。闭路试验中，铁精矿和尾矿铁品位分别为67.02%和20.65%，铁回收率达到87.63%。红外光谱及Zeta电位分析揭示了苛化淀粉在分子结构和吸附性能上的变化机理，结果证实，淀粉经苛化处理后，可使其羟基与羧基得到有效暴露，这一机制增强了抑制剂与赤铁矿表面的化学吸附能力，从而实现了对赤铁矿的选择性抑制。研究结果为赤铁矿反浮选脱硅工艺的绿色可持续发展提供了新思路。

赤铁矿  /  苛化淀粉  /  反浮选  /  苛化条件  /  机理分析

A systematic study was conducted on the influence of preparation conditions of caustic starch on the reverse flotation desilication effect of a certain Anshan style hematite ore in Hebei province. Through single-factor variable tests and closed-circuit process test, the optimization combination scheme of key preparation parameters such as causticity ratio, causticity temperature, and causticity time was clarified. The results show that under the optimal conditions of a causticity ratio of 8 : 100, a causticity temperature of 90 ℃, and a causticity time of 30 min, the selective inhibition performance of caustic starch was significantly improved. In the closed-circuit test, the iron grades of iron concentrate and tailings were 67.02% and 20.65%, respectively, with an iron recovery rate of 87.63%. Infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential analysis revealed the mechanism of changes in the molecular structure and adsorption properties of caustic starch. The results confirmed that after causticization treatment, starch can effectively expose its hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which enhances the chemical adsorption ability of the inhibitor on the surface of hematite, thereby achieving selective inhibition of hematite. The research result provides a novel approach for the green and sustainable development of the reverse flotation desilication process for hematite.

Hematite  /  Caustic starch  /  Reverse flotation  /  Caustic conditions  /  Mechanism analysis
来有邦, 袁腾, 边新峰. 苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅的影响研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 256 -263 .
Youbang LAI, Teng YUAN, Xinfeng BIAN. Study on the Influence of Preparation Conditions of Caustic Starch on Reverse Flotation Desilication of Hematite[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 256 -263 .
正文
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0　引言
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铁矿石是钢铁工业的“粮食”[1]，提升铁矿资源供应能力对我国钢铁工业高质量发展至关重要[2-3]。我国是世界上铁矿石资源总量相对丰富的国家，但我国铁矿石资源面临品位较低、贫矿及难选矿多、中小型矿多、矿石类型复杂等问题[4-6]。近年来，随着铁矿石需求量的日益增大，矿山开采规模迅速增长，导致入选矿石品位逐渐降低、复杂难选铁矿石增多[7-9]。当前铁矿石资源现状也直接导致部分矿石品位低、成本高的铁矿山面临生存危机[10]，对我国钢铁行业的高质量发展和铁矿石资源综合利用率以及自给率带来了巨大挑战[11-13]。因此，如何降低选矿生产成本，实现低品位难选铁矿石资源高效回收，已成为选矿工作者亟需解决的课题之一[14-15]。
在赤铁矿反浮选工艺中，淀粉因其具有优异的抑制性能和环保特性，成为最常用的抑制剂之一[16-17]。淀粉是一种天然的多糖有机高分子化合物，分子结构中含有大量的羟基和醚键等亲水性基团，这些基团能够通过氢键或化学吸附，与赤铁矿表面发生强相互作用，形成稳定的吸附层和水膜[18]。这种相互作用增强了赤铁矿表面的亲水性，从而抑制其可浮性[19-20]。此外，淀粉分子较大，其遮盖效应可以有效屏蔽捕收剂的疏水作用，进一步降低赤铁矿的可浮性[21]。然而，天然淀粉溶解性较差，需通过苛化处理以增强其溶解性和选择性抑制性能[22-23]。苛化淀粉是在碱煮条件下生成的改性淀粉，其分子结构在苛化过程中会发生显著变化，包括糖苷键的断裂引发分子链的降解，羟基缔合的破坏导致更多极性基团（如羧基和羰基）暴露等[24-25]。这些极性基团通过化学吸附与赤铁矿表面的铁离子形成强配位键，进一步增强了吸附层的稳定性和覆盖效果，显著降低赤铁矿表面的自由能，从而降低其可浮性[26]。
苛化淀粉的性能受苛化比、苛化温度和苛化时间等关键制备条件的影响较为显著。不同苛化条件会对淀粉分子的降解程度及功能基团的生成效果产生差异，进而对淀粉抑制性能和赤铁矿的浮选指标产生重要影响。因此，本文针对河北某难选鞍山式赤铁矿矿石，通过单因素变量试验和闭路试验开展选矿工艺技术条件研究，以取得较为理想的选矿指标。研究对提高同类型难选铁矿的选矿效率和推动绿色矿业发展具有重要意义。
1　矿石性质和试验方法
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1.1　矿石性质
矿石样品取自河北某选矿厂，经自然阴干后进行混匀、缩分。矿样的主要化学成分分析结果见表1。原矿中Fe品位为51.43%，是矿石中的主要有价元素；脉石矿物主要以SiO2为主，含量为20.22%。此外，CaO、MgO及Al2O3等脉石矿物含量分别为3.85%、4.47%和1.78%。
矿石X射线衍射(XRD)分析图谱如图1所示。分析可知，原矿中有用矿物主要为赤铁矿，脉石矿物主要为石英。
1.2　试验方法
（1）浮选条件试验。本研究所有浮选试验均在XFD型单槽浮选机中进行，浮选条件试验流程如图2所示，即采用“一粗一精”流程。首先，称取一定量矿样放入浮选槽内，加入水调浆后，调整搅拌速度和充气量为固定值。依次加入pH调整剂（NaOH）、抑制剂（苛化淀粉）、活化剂（CaO）和捕收剂（TD-Ⅱ），进行反浮选试验。
浮选试验结束后，对泡沫产品和槽内产品分别进行过滤、烘干、称重和化验，计算铁品位和铁回收率。为进一步探索苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选脱硅效果的影响，在确定最优NaOH、CaO、TD-Ⅱ用量的基础上，开展了苛化淀粉制备及其对赤铁矿抑制效果的研究。苛化淀粉制备时，取适量淀粉于烧杯中，并加入一定量的去离子水，搅拌均匀后向烧杯中加入NaOH固体，搅拌均匀后置于水浴锅中加热，并持续搅拌至制备完成。
（2）红外光谱测试。采用液体涂抹法制备样品，使用 VERTEX 80v傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪对样品进行测试。将光谱纯溴化钾粉末置于玛瑙研钵中，充分研磨后取适量溴化钾粉末置于模具中制成透明薄片，取适量待测溶液均匀涂抹于薄片表面。最终将制备完成的样品置于傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪中，在室温下进行红外光谱测试。
（3）Zeta电位测试。采用BeNano 90 Zeta电位分析仪对改性前后淀粉溶液的Zeta电位进行测定。取5 mL淀粉溶液置于烧杯中，加入浓度为1 000 mol/L的NaCl溶液，将其稀释定容至100 mL后，使用NaOH和HCl溶液调节溶液pH，最后取适量的溶液注入样品池开始测定。每个样品重复测量3次，取平均值。
2　试验结果与讨论
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2.1　浮选条件试验
2.1.1　基础浮选条件确定试验
浮选过程中，药剂制度是影响浮选效果的关键因素。为研究苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选效果的影响，确定最优浮选试验基础条件，本研究首先在固定抑制剂（苛化淀粉，700 g/t）用量条件下，考察了NaOH(0~1 500 g/t)、CaO(0~1 250 g/t)和TD−Ⅱ(0~1 000 g/t)用量对精矿铁品位及铁回收率的影响。药剂用量试验结果如图3所示。
由图3(a)可知，随着NaOH用量的增加，精矿铁品位呈现快速上升趋势，铁回收率呈下降趋势，当NaOH用量超过1 000 g/t后变化趋于平稳。该现象表明，NaOH用量为1 000 g/t条件下对矿浆pH调节的效果最佳，能够有效促进抑制剂在脉石矿物表面的吸附。当NaOH用量增加到1 500 g/t时，精矿铁品位变化不大，铁回收率有所下降。这可能是由于矿浆碱性过强，其中的OH−与捕收剂产生竞争吸附，降低了捕收剂对脉石矿物的选择性吸附，间接导致铁回收率下降。综合考虑浮选指标与药剂消耗，确定NaOH用量为1 000 g/t。
由图3(b)可知，当CaO添加量在0~1 000 g/t范围时，精矿铁品位随活化剂用量的增加而大幅提升，而铁回收率则呈现下降趋势；继续增加活化剂用量至1 250 g/t，精矿铁品位提升不明显，且铁回收率持续下降，这可能是由于CaO用量过高，矿浆中Ca2+浓度较高，并与捕收剂发生反应生成难溶性脂肪酸钙沉淀，降低了捕收剂的捕收效果。基于试验结果，确定活化剂用量为1 000 g/t。
由图3(c)可知，随着TD-Ⅱ用量的增加，精矿铁品位逐渐上升，而铁回收率逐步下降。该现象表明，适量的捕收剂能够有效吸附于脉石矿物表面，增强其疏水性，从而实现脉石矿物与有用矿物的有效分离。然而，当捕收剂用量过多时，可能引起非选择性吸附或泡沫过度稳定现象，导致部分铁矿物进入尾矿中，进而影响铁回收率。综合考虑精矿铁品位与铁回收率浮选指标，将捕收剂用量确定为750 g/t。
综上所述，最佳基础浮选条件为：NaOH用量为1 000 g/t, CaO用量为1 000 g/t，捕收剂TD-Ⅱ用量为750 g/t。
2.1.2　苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选的影响
在上述试验的基础上，进一步考察了苛化淀粉制备条件对赤铁矿反浮选效果的影响，探究了苛化比(0:100~10:100)、苛化温度(70~100 ℃)和苛化时间(0~30 min)对精矿铁品位和铁回收率的影响。
苛化比对赤铁矿反浮选效果的影响结果如图4所示。结果表明，在抑制剂的制备过程中，苛化比对精矿的铁品位和铁回收率具有显著影响。当苛化比从0:100增加到8:100时，铁回收率从42%提高至62%，增幅较大，这可能是由于适量NaOH的加入可有效提高淀粉的溶解性，并促进亲水基团的形成，进而增强了淀粉对赤铁矿的抑制作用。然而，继续增加苛化比，铁回收率的增幅趋于平缓，而精矿铁品位存在小幅下降，表明过量NaOH可能导致淀粉分子的过度苛化，进而降低其抑制效果。综合考虑精矿铁品位与回收率指标，确定最佳淀粉苛化比为8:100。
在苛化时间为30 min、苛化比为8:100条件下，开展了苛化温度对赤铁矿反浮选效果的影响研究，结果如图5所示。
试验结果表明，随着苛化温度的升高，铁回收率呈现明显上升趋势，而精矿铁品位在整个温度范围内变化较小（3%以内），基本稳定在较高水平（超过66%）。当苛化温度在70~90 ℃范围内增加时，铁回收率提高幅度较大，表明适当升高温度能够显著增强淀粉分子的膨胀和水合作用，促使其分子结构发生显著变化，包括糖苷键的断裂和羟基、羧基的暴露，从而增强淀粉分子对赤铁矿表面的选择性吸附。当苛化温度高于90 ℃时，铁回收率增幅趋于平缓，这可能是由于在较高温度下，淀粉的结构变化已趋于稳定，且过高的温度可能导致部分淀粉分子的降解，降低其抑制性能。综合考虑精矿铁品位与铁回收率浮选指标，确定最佳淀粉苛化温度为90 ℃。
图6为苛化时间对赤铁矿反浮选效果的影响。
结果显示，随着苛化时间的延长，铁回收率逐步提高，而铁品位略有下降。在0~30 min内，铁回收率增长明显，表明此阶段淀粉分子得到充分改性，即羟基和羧基得到有效暴露，增强了淀粉分子对赤铁矿的选择性吸附，从而提升了浮选效率。苛化时间超过30 min后，铁回收率和铁品位变化均不明显，因此确定最佳淀粉苛化时间为30 min。
2.2　闭路流程试验
基于上述单因素变量条件试验，采用“一粗三扫一精”流程进行赤铁矿反浮选闭路试验，各中矿循序返回，闭路试验流程如图7所示，试验结果见表2。闭路试验中磨矿细度为−0.074mm占85%，浮选流程中NaOH用量为1 000 g/t、苛化淀粉用量为700 g/t、CaO用量为1 000 g/t、TD-Ⅱ用量为750 g/t。
由表2可知，铁精矿中铁品位由原矿中的51.43%提高至67.02%，铁回收率达到87.63%，精矿产率为68.57%；尾矿铁品位控制在20.65%。综合分析，该闭路流程得到的浮选指标良好，基本满足选矿厂的生产需要。
3　机理分析
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3.1　淀粉改性对分子结构与矿物表面作用的影响机理
红外光谱能够提供分子内部结构和官能团变化的关键信息，有助于揭示苛化过程中淀粉分子的结构变化，如水合作用、膨胀及糖苷键断裂等。为此，对普通淀粉与苛化淀粉的红外光谱进行了对比分析，结果如图8所示。
由图8可知，普通淀粉在波数为3 402 cm−1处存在—OH伸缩振动峰；而苛化后，该峰略微位移至3 415 cm−1处。在波数为1 635 cm−1处，普通淀粉表现出较弱的吸附水—OH弯曲振动峰；而苛化后，该峰强度略有增强，这可能与羧基和新的羟基环境的形成有关。在波数为1 384 cm−1处，普通淀粉的吸收峰较弱，反映了原始多糖分子的特性；而苛化后，1 454 cm−1处出现了宽而强的吸收峰，表明苛化过程中产生了羧酸盐（R−COO−），其中两个羧基氧原子的对称C—O伸缩振动显著增强了该区域的吸收特征。此外，在波数为1 000~1 200 cm−1区域，普通淀粉的C—O和C—C伸缩振动峰相对较弱；而苛化淀粉在该区域的吸收强度显著增强，这反映了苛化过程中C—O—C键的生成以及多糖结构的部分降解和重排。综上所述，苛化处理显著改变了淀粉的红外光谱特征，尤其是通过引入更多的羟基和羧基，提高了淀粉的亲水性和选择性抑制性能。
图9为苛化淀粉处理前后赤铁矿的红外光谱分析结果。苛性淀粉处理后，波数为1 645 cm−1处出现了一振动峰，该峰通常与羧基（—COO−）的不对称伸缩振动或H—O—H弯曲振动相关，表明苛性淀粉分子中的羧基与赤铁矿表面Fe3+离子可能发生了配位作用，形成了稳定的化学吸附层。赤铁矿在波数为1 083 cm−1处的特征峰经苛性淀粉处理后完全消失，可能是由于苛性淀粉中的羟基与赤铁矿表面离子发生了强烈的化学吸附或络合作用，置换了原有的表面吸附物。赤铁矿在波数为500~750 cm−1区域内的Fe—O振动峰在加入苛性淀粉后整体强度减弱，表明苛性淀粉对赤铁矿表面晶格结构产生了一定的影响。此外，赤铁矿在波数为3 000~3 700 cm−1区域的宽吸收带的形态和强度有显著增强，这可能与水分子作用有关，表明苛化淀粉分子通过大量的—OH基团与赤铁矿表面形成了新的氢键网络。综上所述，苛性淀粉的加入显著改变了赤铁矿的红外光谱特征，表明其对赤铁矿表面具有较强的吸附能力。
3.2　淀粉对赤铁矿Zeta电位的影响机理
为了进一步探讨赤铁矿与淀粉抑制剂的表面作用机制，开展了针对赤铁矿、赤铁矿+普通淀粉、赤铁矿+苛化淀粉的Zeta电位分析检测，如图10所示。结果表明，赤铁矿的等电点位于酸性范围，在中性至碱性条件下表面电性由正转负，Zeta电位显著降低。普通淀粉的加入对赤铁矿表面电性的改变较弱，仅表现为轻微的负电位偏移，而苛化淀粉则显著降低了Zeta电位，尤其是在碱性条件下，负电位大幅增强，这表明苛化淀粉通过其羟基和羧基的化学吸附，与赤铁矿表面Fe3+离子形成了稳定的吸附层，从而提高了淀粉的选择性抑制性能。上述结果与浮选试验的结果一致，为进一步探讨苛化淀粉在赤铁矿反浮选工艺中的作用机理提供了有力的依据。
4　结论
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（1）以河北某鞍山式赤铁矿为研究对象，通过矿石性质分析发现，原矿铁品位为52.45%，铁矿物以赤铁矿为主，脉石矿物主要为石英，此外还含有少量的钙、镁和铝矿物。
（2）浮选工艺参数优化试验结果表明，最佳基础浮选条件为：NaOH用量为1 000 g/t，苛化淀粉用量为700 g/t, CaO用量为1 000 g/t, TD-Ⅱ用量为750 g/t。
（3）苛化淀粉的制备条件显著影响其对赤铁矿的抑制性能。基于浮选条件试验，确定苛化淀粉最佳制备条件为：苛化比为8:100、苛化温度为90 ℃、苛化时间为30 min。采用“一粗三扫一精”的闭路浮选流程，获得了铁品位为67.02%、铁回收率为87.63%的铁精矿。
（4）红外光谱和Zeta电位分析结果表明，苛化作用可以改变淀粉的分子结构，使其中的羟基和羧基得到暴露，进而增加抑制剂的亲水性和选择性抑制性能。特别是通过与赤铁矿表面的Fe3+作用后形成的稳定化学吸附层，显著降低了赤铁矿表面的自由能，从而强化了淀粉的抑制效果。
基金
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  • 河钢集团重点科技项目(HG2023215)
文献
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间：2024-11-29
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-05-25
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    河北钢铁集团司家营研山铁矿有限公司，河北　唐山市　063700
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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