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In order to clearly present the development process of slurry transportation and comprehensively analyze the key research points related to pipeline transportation in different stages, CiteSpace software was used to conduct co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis on 494 articles included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) literature database from 2006 to 2023. The study reveals the following findings. Firstly, the overall trend of changes in the number of publications presents an M-shape, which can be divided into a preliminary exploration period, an efficient growth period, and a stable development period according to the chronological order. Secondly, the research subjects present a distribution of stars around some experts, and there are limitations in the research perspective. Thirdly, the research contents focus on three aspects, including material preparation, transportation technology, and mining filling. The slurry ratio has expanded from focusing on the particle size distribution of tailings to the application of additives, enhancing the integration of various disciplines. Therefore, future efforts could involve strengthening the core position of relevant mining research institutions, attaching importance to cross institutional collaboration and communication, expanding the research group, refining the research scope of pipeline transportation, strengthening the research on filling materials, deepening the depressurization treatment of deep well transportation, and trying to integrate non Newtonian fluid research methods, so as to enrich the research on filling pipeline transportation in the domestic academic community.

, authors=Ningfeng LI1, 2, 3, Bokun ZHENG1, 2, 3, Jun LI4, Guohui CHEN4, Ziqiang LIU4, authorsList=Ningfeng LI, Bokun ZHENG, Jun LI, Guohui CHEN, Ziqiang LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904606010901361, articleId=1322904602684818275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于可视化图谱分析的国内充填管道输送发展研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为清楚呈现料浆输送的发展历程,全面分析不同阶段有关管道输送研究的重点,运用文献计量分析工具CiteSpace软件对中国知网(CNKI)文献总库2006—2023年收录的494篇文献进行了共现分析和聚类分析。结果表明:发文量变化趋势整体上呈现M形,根据时间顺序分为初步探索期、高效增长期和平稳发展期;研究主体围绕部分专家呈现群星分布,研究视角存在局限性;研究内容集中在材料制备、输送工艺、采场充填三方面,其中料浆配比从关注尾砂粒级分布拓展至外加剂应用,各学科融合性增强。后续需要强化相关矿业研究机构的核心地位,重视跨机构的协作交流,扩大研究群体,细化管道输送的研究范围,强化充填料研究,深化深井输送降压处理,尝试融合非牛顿流体研究方法,丰富国内学术界对充填管道输送方面的研究。

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李宁峰(2000—),女,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填研究。E-mail:

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Metals Society of China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Xiuxiang, QIAO Dengpan, SUN Hongsheng.Simulation on conveying characteristics in pipe about high-density slurry with waste rock-tailing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2019, 29(5): 1092-1101., articleTitle=Simulation on conveying characteristics in pipe about high-density slurry with waste rock-tailing, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322904606455497586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904606463886195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, companyId=1322904606455497586, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904606472274804, 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changes in the number of publications related to slurry transportation in the field of filling research from 2006 to 2023, figureFileSmall=H8Nkxd+i58NlfnLfqQKLJg==, figureFileBig=7S2mX1AHthudVyP3j1HfcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904610582692774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2006—2023年充填研究领域料浆输送相关的发文数量变化趋势, figureFileSmall=H8Nkxd+i58NlfnLfqQKLJg==, figureFileBig=7S2mX1AHthudVyP3j1HfcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904610784019367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution of contributors to the articles, figureFileSmall=ugqQam6QqCnlrBOvbXsUYQ==, figureFileBig=n0WyNxxoj1lacDuiN//bIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904611002123176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=CN, label=图2, caption=文章贡献人员的分布情况, figureFileSmall=ugqQam6QqCnlrBOvbXsUYQ==, figureFileBig=n0WyNxxoj1lacDuiN//bIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904611077620649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Concurrence network diagram of keywords, figureFileSmall=SS5kGD5ICenzmNtAgUjJFQ==, figureFileBig=bkNRykkSig04a7s4RqO85A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904611148923818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=CN, label=图3, caption=关键词共现网络图谱, figureFileSmall=SS5kGD5ICenzmNtAgUjJFQ==, figureFileBig=bkNRykkSig04a7s4RqO85A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904611211838379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Clustering diagram of keywords, figureFileSmall=6f09+BkyQpeFp2uMBmoD6Q==, figureFileBig=PF+DU52+Bpo7/SRUBTWBVw==, tableContent=null), 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caption=

Research popularity in the field of slurry transportation for filling from 2006 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号频次中心性关键词
1640.13管道输送
2500.13流变特性
3440.20全尾砂
4440.15数值模拟
5430.13充填料浆
6400.14膏体充填
7380.13自流输送
8280.08胶结充填
9280.08充填倍线
10210.13环管试验
11190.10充填开采
12180.10充填材料
13170.05流动性
14150.04流变参数
15140.09管道磨损
16140.08充填
17140.09充填系统
18130.02高浓度
19110.02充填采矿
), ArticleFig(id=1322904611547382704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2006—2023年充填领域料浆输送方面的研究热度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号频次中心性关键词
1640.13管道输送
2500.13流变特性
3440.20全尾砂
4440.15数值模拟
5430.13充填料浆
6400.14膏体充填
7380.13自流输送
8280.08胶结充填
9280.08充填倍线
10210.13环管试验
11190.10充填开采
12180.10充填材料
13170.05流动性
14150.04流变参数
15140.09管道磨损
16140.08充填
17140.09充填系统
18130.02高浓度
19110.02充填采矿
), ArticleFig(id=1322904611622880177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Emergence of hot keywords

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键词出现年份引用频率研究开始年份研究结束年份
矿山充填20072.3820072011
两相流20072.1720072011
水力坡度20082.4120082009
似膏体20092.0720092017
自流输送20103.0520102015
管道磨损20122.6520122015
管径20152.9620152017
料浆浓度20142.4520142019
环管试验20072.6520162017
阻力损失20162.5220162019
正交试验20182.6920182019
), ArticleFig(id=1322904611694183346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904602684818275, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

热点词汇突现

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键词出现年份引用频率研究开始年份研究结束年份
矿山充填20072.3820072011
两相流20072.1720072011
水力坡度20082.4120082009
似膏体20092.0720092017
自流输送20103.0520102015
管道磨损20122.6520122015
管径20152.9620152017
料浆浓度20142.4520142019
环管试验20072.6520162017
阻力损失20162.5220162019
正交试验20182.6920182019
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基于可视化图谱分析的国内充填管道输送发展研究
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李宁峰 1, 2, 3 , 郑伯坤 1, 2, 3 , 李军 4 , 陈国辉 4 , 刘子强 4
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(5): 86-94
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (5) : 86 -94
基于可视化图谱分析的国内充填管道输送发展研究
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李宁峰1, 2, 3 , 郑伯坤1, 2, 3, 李军4, 陈国辉4, 刘子强4
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.湖南省矿山固废综合利用工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司,湖南 郴州市 423037
作者简介:

李宁峰(2000—),女,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填研究。E-mail:

Research on the Development of Domestic Filling Pipeline Transportation Based on Visual Graph Analysis
Ningfeng LI1, 2, 3 , Bokun ZHENG1, 2, 3, Jun LI4, Guohui CHEN4, Ziqiang LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Safety Technology for Metal Mines, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Mine Solid Waste, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 4.Hunan Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Chenzhou, Hunan 423037, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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为清楚呈现料浆输送的发展历程,全面分析不同阶段有关管道输送研究的重点,运用文献计量分析工具CiteSpace软件对中国知网(CNKI)文献总库2006—2023年收录的494篇文献进行了共现分析和聚类分析。结果表明:发文量变化趋势整体上呈现M形,根据时间顺序分为初步探索期、高效增长期和平稳发展期;研究主体围绕部分专家呈现群星分布,研究视角存在局限性;研究内容集中在材料制备、输送工艺、采场充填三方面,其中料浆配比从关注尾砂粒级分布拓展至外加剂应用,各学科融合性增强。后续需要强化相关矿业研究机构的核心地位,重视跨机构的协作交流,扩大研究群体,细化管道输送的研究范围,强化充填料研究,深化深井输送降压处理,尝试融合非牛顿流体研究方法,丰富国内学术界对充填管道输送方面的研究。

充填料浆  /  管道输送  /  知识图谱  /  可视化分析  /  CiteSpace

In order to clearly present the development process of slurry transportation and comprehensively analyze the key research points related to pipeline transportation in different stages, CiteSpace software was used to conduct co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis on 494 articles included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) literature database from 2006 to 2023. The study reveals the following findings. Firstly, the overall trend of changes in the number of publications presents an M-shape, which can be divided into a preliminary exploration period, an efficient growth period, and a stable development period according to the chronological order. Secondly, the research subjects present a distribution of stars around some experts, and there are limitations in the research perspective. Thirdly, the research contents focus on three aspects, including material preparation, transportation technology, and mining filling. The slurry ratio has expanded from focusing on the particle size distribution of tailings to the application of additives, enhancing the integration of various disciplines. Therefore, future efforts could involve strengthening the core position of relevant mining research institutions, attaching importance to cross institutional collaboration and communication, expanding the research group, refining the research scope of pipeline transportation, strengthening the research on filling materials, deepening the depressurization treatment of deep well transportation, and trying to integrate non Newtonian fluid research methods, so as to enrich the research on filling pipeline transportation in the domestic academic community.

Filling slurry  /  Pipeline transportation  /  Knowledge graph  /  Visual analysis  /  CiteSpace
李宁峰, 郑伯坤, 李军, 陈国辉, 刘子强. 基于可视化图谱分析的国内充填管道输送发展研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 86 -94 .
Ningfeng LI, Bokun ZHENG, Jun LI, Guohui CHEN, Ziqiang LIU. Research on the Development of Domestic Filling Pipeline Transportation Based on Visual Graph Analysis[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 86 -94 .
随着采矿行业的持续发展,绿色生产理念逐渐成为主流,而充填开采技术已成为实现矿山绿色开发的重要手段之一。管道输送系统是矿山充填系统的核心组成部分[1],因此对管道输送技术在矿山充填系统中的应用进行深入研究,特别是关注不同时间节点的料浆输送问题,可以帮助梳理尚未解决的学术难题,并预测未来提高料浆输送效率的技术路径与发展趋势。尽管国内管道输送技术的起步晚于国外,但发展迅速并取得了显著性的突破,其中亚洲乃至世界首条长距离输煤管道是由我国建造[2-6]。根据相关政策推行和远景资源的保护措施,经济高效的充填模式成为新的技术观念,国内学者的研究重点也从传统充填演变到膏体充填,深入探讨了膏体充填领域的关键指标,并建立了科学的评价方法[7]。通过查看矿山建设领域的文献发现,刘国明等[8]凭借可视化数据整理分析了喷浆粉尘控制的五十年发展历程;赵红泽等[9]利用CiteSpace分析了露天矿山智能发展的国内外差异性;姜乐平等[10]通过构建知识图谱探讨了绿色矿山建设的研究热点与发展趋势。这些研究主要关注于矿山开采与发展,多数以实例进行推导,对矿山八大系统细分下的充填系统作为对象进行探讨的较少,局部存在延展性不足的限制性。
本文使用文献阅读工具,汇总多篇充填领域内关于料浆输送的研究文章,分析其研究热度。以单篇文章为切入点进行串联,借助文献分析软件提炼出料浆输送相关度含量较高的文章,导出管道输送的基础特质和知识图谱,从而揭示充填技术中料浆输送法的演变过程,并预测未来在这一领域可能面临的挑战和动态走向[11]。为后续研究和技术创新提供理论支持,推动更加环保和高效的矿山资源利用,进而为行业发展提供参考和指导。
文献数据来源是中国知网(https://www.cnki.net/),利用高级检索工具进行详细检索来获取。检索条件设置为主要主题词“充填”,在主要主题词下设置副主题词“料浆输送”,并将文献发表时间范围限制在2006年1月1日至2023年10月31日。根据检索结果,将文献排序方式更改为相关度进行筛选,通过人为粗略筛选把相关性不强、内容模糊和非金属矿山领域的文献剔除,共得到494篇,通过中国知网(CNKI)自带的导出与分析功能,导出成Refworks格式的txt文件并保存,从而完成资料收集。
CiteSpace是我国使用最广泛的主题论文相关分析软件,因此以发文量、作者共现、出版机构和关键词为观察角度,利用CiteSpace的6.3.R1版本对与充填料浆输送相关的文献进行可视化知识梳理。由于CNKI的可视化分析最大上限为200篇,而所收集的文献篇幅为494篇,因此仅将该分析方法作为辅助手段进行概括性的文献统计[12-13]。
以发文数量作为因变量,有关充填管道输送文献随时间的变化趋势如图1所示,图形曲线呈M形态,但总体呈现上升趋势。发文数量在2014年以前保持稳定增长,在2014年与2019年之间出现了一些波动,后期恢复增长并持续保持高质量高数量,将图1中所示的发文数量变化依据政策和相关发展进程分为三个时期。
(1)初步探索期(2006—2013年)。2011年国土资源部联合国家发改委,建设了40个矿产资源综合利用示范基地,通过首批示范基地的建设,实践数据来源大幅增加,相关文献的增长明显提高,为后期料浆输送先进技术研究筑牢了基础。国家安全生产监督管理总局针对尾矿库颁布的规定也进一步规范了尾矿处理,对尾矿综合利用的进一步推动使得尾矿在充填领域内应用得到了很大的发展,有关尾砂研究的文献报道开始稳定成长。
(2)高效增长期(2014—2018年)。在国家重视矿产资源综合利用的政策推动下,优化充填三效关系以确保充填体的质量效果,高浓度或膏体状态输送尾砂浆技术的发展势头增强,2014年伽师铜矿创造了高泥高黏膏体充填技术[14]。发文量在2016年进入了低谷阶段,其一是由于实际生产中受到矿山规模与开采效益情况的制约,使得大多数小型矿山无法达到充填工艺需求的规模;其二是当时全球经济处于下行阶段,矿业形式整体低迷,科研资金投入减少,针对深井矿山充填的研究进程推迟,为降低充填成本的新型充填材料与外加剂的研发及其搭配应用成为了需要解决的新问题。
(3)平稳发展期(2019—2023年)。伴随生产技术的完善、设备设施的创新研发[15],在料浆输送技术方面,涌现出了高质量的学术期刊,从而使得该时间段内充填领域的有关料浆输送的发文数量达到近二十年的高峰。尽管2021年初期的文献数量相较于2019—2020年文章数量有所下降,但出版水平均值仍高于2019年前的出版水平均值,对我国在料浆输送方向上的进一步深入研究和发展提供了更多更详细的理论支撑。
根据时间范围跨度进行节点设置,在2006年到2023年这一时间段设置时间切片长度为2,如图2所示。
从图2可以看出,料浆输送领域内的作者贡献量呈岛屿散落形分布,生成的关联节点N=269。由 Price law为依据获取核心作者[16-18],核心作者发表论文数量的阈值公式表示为:,其中nmax为该领域最高产论文作者所发的论文数,计算得出N=3即发文量大于3的文献作者为该方面的核心作者。再根据标签节点阈值1%和引文比例因子K=25调整核心作者群,使其清晰分布。据图分析可知,主要研究者是以郑伯坤、甘德清、郭利杰、高谦、乔登攀、王新民和吴爱祥7位专家作为中心点,其余作者环绕中心点分布。甘德清、吴爱祥、高谦和乔登攀作为充填领域的主要专家在2014年便开始致力于料浆输送方面的研究,至2023年依旧源源不断发表了大量相关论文。从以郑伯坤为主的节点颜色变化趋势可知(颜色标识见电子版,下同),他们在浆体输送方面的研究起始于2018年,根据时间范围圆环宽度观察,他们每年发表文献的数量远超其他作者,是推动料浆输送技术创新性与高质量发展后起之秀。在作者分布群内以线条方式连接,其中节点与节点衔接线条E=416,宽度大小代表作者之间相互关联的紧密程度[19],及对料浆输送研究的深入程度。
跟踪充填学术界整体发展动态,最直观的方式为各时期内不同作者所关注的同一重点,而文献中提炼出来的关键词为综合性研究的浓缩精华,是工业需求与科技进步融合下,涌现出的现实解答和知识推进的驱动力,是聚焦料浆输送的便捷方式。设置关键词时间范围切片为2,形成共现网络图,如图3所示。图3中有279个节点,1 325条连接线,关键词密度达到0.034 2,说明各个研究者在关注的问题上不谋而合,对共同目标进行了研究。
根据关键词的研究热度在图中节点处红色字体的大小体现,再以频次15为划分界限,依据关键词将文献中的研究热度集中分为三方面:充填材料制备、料浆输送工艺、井下采场充填。表1中出现频次44的“全尾砂”是为了降低分级尾砂制备出现的分层离析,同时提高浓度以改善充填体性能以及提升尾矿废弃物的综合利用率。研究热度排序在18的“高浓度”是充填料浆制备中所追逐的焦点。在此基础之上提出了料浆浓度大于最大沉降浓度的“膏体充填”,“膏体充填”转变了原先针对尾砂粒级分布情况研究,其自身保持的良好稳定性与均质性得到了研究者的重视。以频次64高居首位的“管道输送”是将料浆运送至采场的途径,是保证采场充填体性能的重要手段,研究热度高说明“管道输送”吸引到了学者与专家的广泛关注;其他关注度高的关键词是“自流输送”,与“管道输送”的中心性相同,且都为0.13,而中心性数据说明两者影响程度一样。
考虑到网络图中关联范围过大,通过聚类方式对相似度高的关键词进行整理,在Show the Largest Cluster里调整数据为10,使得所生成的关键词聚类图中的关键词清晰明了,如图4所示。由图4可知,共有279 个节点,679 条连接线条,网络密度为0.017 5。该演绎下的图谱聚类模块Q值为0.737 5,符合大于0.3的条件,聚类平均轮廓系数S值为0.932 6,符合大于0.7的条件,证实了该聚类结果是可信。该演绎图共有10 个聚类标签,主要为“流变特性”“充填体强度”“水力坡度”“充填料浆”“环管试验”“管道输送”“充填开采”“屈服应力”“正交试验”和“膏体充填”,说明以上10 个类别标签是料浆输送研究的重点领域群分布。
结合共现图与热度表分析,料浆输送研究主要集中在材料和试验这两大主题。张修香等[20]以矿山废石、尾砂等固体废料作为充填材料,针对矿山充填特点进行了输送工艺调整。随着远景矿产资源的开发利用,工艺技术不断升级,人们越来越在意矿山开采所造成的生态系统影响,而不仅仅拘泥于采后获得的经济效益,在技术选择上也从对开采产量和品位的重视转变为对资源综合利用的重视,尤其是在充填开采领域为主要研究重点的料浆制备,从宏观到微观研究都得到了研究者的重视。尾砂是矿山排放的主要废料,因而是需要优先考虑的综合利用的固废。在实际工程应用中,尾砂浆输送也是重要的工艺环节。尾砂浆输送技术的研究重点不仅仅停留在料浆的流动特性,还包括料浆在不同介质、压力和输送条件下的稳定性和输送效率。输送过程中,料浆与管道的摩擦阻力、堵塞风险以及在复杂矿井环境下的适应性都成为了需要考虑的重要因素。此外,料浆输送技术的优化需要兼顾能源消耗、设备维护成本以及环保要求,以实现整个系统的高效运转和资源的最大化利用。因此,未来的研究不仅需要在实验室中对输送过程进行精细化模拟和试验验证,更需要通过实际工程的反馈来优化料浆输送方案,推动矿山生态修复与绿色开采技术的融合发展。
利用时空演绎方式提炼研究热点的发展路径,可以了解各分支中不断引入新含义来完善的研究轨迹。时间切片以两年为基准,用对数似然率(LLR)算法确定未来研究方向的概率。由图5可知,聚类模块值Q=0.737 5>0.3,且聚类平均轮廓系数S=0.932 6>0.7,两项指标的数值均满足于聚类评价指标,聚类结果合理、显著。以聚类代表性明显的前十聚团为分析对象,分别是“#0充填工艺”“#1充填体强度”“#2水力坡度”“#3管道运输”“#4环管试验”“#5数值模拟”“#6充填开采”“#7屈服应力”“#8泌水率”和“#9侵蚀率”。轨迹线上的关键词年轮颜色不同,说明管道输送工艺与试验模拟类研究从2006年至2023年一直是学术专家所针对的重点。随矿山开采向深部发展,矿山井下工程的压力剧增,高效环保的充填开采方式成为了深部开采的主流,从地表至井下采场的充填料管道运输成为了矿山的重要工艺环节。料浆在管道内输送过程的状态是否离析、泌水,料浆层间阻力以及料浆与管道之间的摩擦阻力都是管输工艺中需要深入解决的问题。通过数值模拟方式根据实际矿山工业场景建模,并进行管输阻力和管道磨损的模拟试验,了解不同材质管道的受损程度与使用年限,同时通过试验分析加入外加剂后的料浆流变特性,使制备的料浆达到管道输送的要求。研究充填体强度的制约因素,选择合适的充填材料配比和管道建造结构,使得选择的充填方法能更加贴合矿山的地质条件。“#7屈服应力”出现于2012年,是“#3管道运输”轨迹中输送特性的分支细化,将料浆视为非牛顿体并归为宾汉流体的分类,使得流动阻力的计算大大简化,同时增加了研究料浆结构均质化的高效性,对后续深入探讨复杂多相料浆打开了广阔渠道。
表2为热点词汇突现分析。由表2可知,各个关键词的出现时间不同,且讨论热度所占时间跨度范围也不一样,存在急速出现后又淡出视野的现象,还存在出现后较长时间内成为研究重点关注对象的情况。选取的11 个关键词的强度突现状态呈阶梯形状,每个时期段都有各方面专家高度关注的重点,同时也有其他学术研究者在致力于研究的相关难题。以同时在时间轴上集中出现的“矿山充填”和“两相流”为例,将料浆归入两相流,为管内料浆运动情况的建模分析铺垫了良好基础。出现时间范围长度最长当属“似膏体”,在膏体流动性受到限制,以及泌水产出效果仅为低百分比的前提下,“似膏体”变为了新的热度追随。似膏体既拥有膏体的浓度,又具有易于实现管道输送,而且在井下只需少量脱水甚至不脱水的优点。似膏体充填技术的研究从2009年开始一直持续热度到2017年才消减。“水力坡度”“环管试验”虽然出现的关注时间较短,但两者都服务于管道磨损程度的研究,是管道设计与建设中需要关注的重点。将料浆输送至采场空区需要克服阻力,这方向的研究成果得益于专家学者的长期研究与探索,通过大量的试验和理论分析,不断优化管道输送设计方案,推动了管道输送技术的不断进步。各类创新技术的引入,如新型管材的使用和流体动力学的深入研究,使得料浆输送效率得到了显著提升。
依据所选时间范围内公开发表的有关矿山充填管道输送的论文,通过CiteSpace分析生成关于作者、机构和关键词汇的不同网络图,直观展现出了2006—2023年国内该领域的发展脉络、研究热点及前沿趋势,得到了文献基础特质与不同算法下的研究轨迹路线。揭示了料浆浓度、阻力损失是管道输送技术应用的未来重要研究方向。加强机构合作、拓展研究范围,将有助于更全面、深入地了解料浆输送研究的现状和未来发展趋势。虽然研究者们在这一领域取得了一些重要研究成果,但仍存在一些需要解决的瓶颈问题。
(1)在所取样本中核心作者达到26位,研究者之间除了固定联系对象,其他的合作研究甚少,在从各个出版机构发行文献中获取领域新发展方面不够及时,想法交流碰撞存在隔阂,同时人员固化严重,各方合作方面存在欠缺,思想交流缺少新血液。
(2)从发文趋势看,料浆输送主题论文的年度发文量出现了两次高峰期,分别在2014年和2020年,从2020年以后则呈上升趋势。该研究领域的发文量在2022年骤然出现上升的拐点,表明近年来受到国家战略部署,经济支撑力和科研驱动力相辅相成的影响,使得料浆输送研究生机勃勃。究其原因是充填发展进入了新阶段的瓶颈期,各类研究问题在深度挖掘后热度依然居高不下是受制于技术设备、生产能力等因素的影响,而无法对出现的问题给出完美的解决方案,是导致发文数量出现了一定程度减少的原因。
(3)结合关键词共现网络图谱分析,研究热度集中在“管道输送”“流变特性”“全尾砂”“数值模拟”“充填料浆”和“膏体充填”。“管道输送”在此研究领域中的频次高居榜首,这是由于需要充填料浆在运动状态下保持安全性和高效性。在自流输送条件下,需要保障较长的垂直管道段不发生爆管、平行管道段中不出现堵管,同时需要保持在长距离管道中料浆不泌水、不发生分层,使料浆被输送至采空区指定位置后其各项性能指标能与输送前基本保持一致。“流变特性”是衡量料浆运动状态的指标。在“充填材料”方面将颗粒、形状、大小和刚度作为内部因素展开研究,调节着料浆与料浆层级之间的黏阻力。围绕输送工艺的“全尾砂”“膏体充填”“胶结充填”等关键词的出现频次较高,这暗示着材料、试验、工艺等方向的研究将成为未来推动料浆输送发展的重要引擎,它们仍将是该领域持续关注的重点研究内容。
(4)依据聚类图与时间轨迹,可以清晰整理出管道输送的完整流程是:料浆材料选取、试验配比、制备工艺、料浆模拟和应用生产。在料浆制备工序中所出现的沉降、泌水、离析都会使充填效果大打折扣,无论井下井上都以浓密机、搅拌机等充填工艺设备进行料浆制备,但该类设备仍然不可避免沉降和板结的情况,因此优化设备同样不容小觑。管道系统布置不合理的改进方式,长距离输送条件下监测管道内部料浆运动状况和分层情况的监测和研究等具有局限性,这些也会成为专家学者的未来研究方向。
本文在收集资料时,为方便处理后续数据,样本范围确定具有局限性,无法站在充填领域的全局角度进行分析,通过人为粗筛与软件细筛两个步骤降低样本数量,约束了后期作者、机构和关键词网络图模型搭建形态。在时间跨度范围上多次以切片形式设置,略过了部分年份,使得料浆输送的发展阶段呈现跳跃。文献分析多集中于国内,没有与国外相关料浆输送文献进行对比分析,仅着眼于国内发展,提出的观点不能反映研究动态的未来全球化。

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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-30
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    1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.湖南省矿山固废综合利用工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
    4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司,湖南 郴州市 423037
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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