Article(id=1322904589011387113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721232000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334632398, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334632398, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334632398, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334632398, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=152, endPage=160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904590559085290, articleId=1322904589011387113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Response of Sandstone with Different Initial Damage, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the process of open-pit mine production, mining disturbance can cause different degrees of damage to different areas of surrounding rock, and ultimately lead to changes in the mechanical properties of surrounding rock. In order to explore the influence of different initial damage levels on the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone, the characteristic stress value of sandstone was determined by analyzing the acoustic emission impact parameters during the loading process of sandstone samples, and the uniaxial compression test of sandstone with four different initial damage levels was carried out with acoustic emission monitoring system. The results show that the initial damage has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the rock. With the increase of the initial damage degree, the compressive strength of the rock sample decreases by 33.6%, the elastic modulus decreases by 43.4%, the Poisson's ratio decreases by 64%, and the peak strain point gradually moves backward. The acoustic emission characteristic signals of sandstone with different initial damage levels are in good agreement with the stress-strain curves. With the increase of initial damage level, the sudden increase of local acoustic emission signals is obvious. With the increase of damage level, the crack failure mode of rock changed from tensile failure of non-destructive rock samples to tensile-shear mixed failure.

, authors=Xue ZHAO1, Long WANG1, 2, 3, 4, Mingxing LU5, Fuping LI4, authorsList=Xue ZHAO, Long WANG, Mingxing LU, Fuping LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Long WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904592396190455, articleId=1322904589011387113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=不同初始损伤砂岩力学特性与声发射响应研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在露天矿生产过程中,开采扰动会对围岩不同区域造成不同程度的损伤,最终导致围岩的力学特性发生改变。为探究不同初始损伤等级对砂岩力学特性以及声发射特征的影响规律,通过分析砂岩试样荷载过程中声发射撞击参数,确定砂岩的特征应力数值,并对4种不同初始损伤等级的砂岩开展辅以声发射监测系统的单轴压缩试验。结果表明:初始损伤对岩石的力学性质产生了显著影响,随着初始损伤程度的增加,岩样的抗压强度减小了33.6%,弹性模量降低了43.4%,泊松比降低了64%,且峰值应变点逐渐后移;不同初始损伤等级砂岩的声发射特征信号与应力-应变曲线有着良好的一致性,随着初始损伤等级的增加,声发射局部信号突增特征明显;随着损伤等级的增加,岩石的裂纹破坏模式产生变化,由无损伤岩样的张拉破坏演变为张拉-剪切混合破坏。

, authors=赵雪1, 王龙1, 2, 3, 4, 鲁明星5, 李富平4, authorsList=赵雪, 王龙, 鲁明星, 李富平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王龙, authorNote=

赵雪(2000—),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与岩石力学试验方面的研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王龙(1988—),男,河北定州人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿业工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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赵雪(2000—),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与岩石力学试验方面的研究。E-mail:

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赵雪(2000—),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与岩石力学试验方面的研究。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=初始损伤), Keyword(id=1322904595579667236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=声发射), Keyword(id=1322904595646776101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=单轴压缩), Keyword(id=1322904595705496358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=力学特性), Keyword(id=1322904595789382439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=破坏模式)], refs=[Reference(id=1322904597341274937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=27, issue=6, pageStart=1236, 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articleId=1322904589011387113, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical parameters of sandstone under different initial damage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初始损伤等级单轴抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比轴向峰值应变/%
无损伤87.2115.320.250.081
Ⅰ级损伤73.4013.280.210.092
Ⅱ级损伤71.2811.240.180.107
Ⅲ级损伤65.1310.150.120.109
Ⅳ级损伤57.888.670.090.112
), ArticleFig(id=1322904597005730613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904589011387113, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同初始损伤下砂岩的力学参数

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初始损伤等级单轴抗压强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比轴向峰值应变/%
无损伤87.2115.320.250.081
Ⅰ级损伤73.4013.280.210.092
Ⅱ级损伤71.2811.240.180.107
Ⅲ级损伤65.1310.150.120.109
Ⅳ级损伤57.888.670.090.112
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不同初始损伤砂岩力学特性与声发射响应研究
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赵雪 1 , 王龙 1, 2, 3, 4 , 鲁明星 5 , 李富平 4
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(5): 152-160
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (5) : 152 -160
不同初始损伤砂岩力学特性与声发射响应研究
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赵雪(2000—),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与岩石力学试验方面的研究。E-mail:

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赵雪1 , 王龙1, 2, 3, 4 , 鲁明星5, 李富平4
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 2.矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京 102628
  • 3.河北省矿区生态恢复产业技术研究院,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 4.矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 5.防灾科技学院 应急管理学院,河北 三河市 065201
通讯作者:
王龙(1988—),男,河北定州人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿业工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

赵雪(2000—),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与岩石力学试验方面的研究。E-mail:

Study on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Response of Sandstone with Different Initial Damage
Xue ZHAO1 , Long WANG1, 2, 3, 4 , Mingxing LU5, Fuping LI4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing of Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Science and Technology Group, Beijing 102628, China
  • 3.Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 4.Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 5.School of Emergency Management, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe, Hebei 065201, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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在露天矿生产过程中,开采扰动会对围岩不同区域造成不同程度的损伤,最终导致围岩的力学特性发生改变。为探究不同初始损伤等级对砂岩力学特性以及声发射特征的影响规律,通过分析砂岩试样荷载过程中声发射撞击参数,确定砂岩的特征应力数值,并对4种不同初始损伤等级的砂岩开展辅以声发射监测系统的单轴压缩试验。结果表明:初始损伤对岩石的力学性质产生了显著影响,随着初始损伤程度的增加,岩样的抗压强度减小了33.6%,弹性模量降低了43.4%,泊松比降低了64%,且峰值应变点逐渐后移;不同初始损伤等级砂岩的声发射特征信号与应力-应变曲线有着良好的一致性,随着初始损伤等级的增加,声发射局部信号突增特征明显;随着损伤等级的增加,岩石的裂纹破坏模式产生变化,由无损伤岩样的张拉破坏演变为张拉-剪切混合破坏。

初始损伤  /  声发射  /  单轴压缩  /  力学特性  /  破坏模式

In the process of open-pit mine production, mining disturbance can cause different degrees of damage to different areas of surrounding rock, and ultimately lead to changes in the mechanical properties of surrounding rock. In order to explore the influence of different initial damage levels on the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone, the characteristic stress value of sandstone was determined by analyzing the acoustic emission impact parameters during the loading process of sandstone samples, and the uniaxial compression test of sandstone with four different initial damage levels was carried out with acoustic emission monitoring system. The results show that the initial damage has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the rock. With the increase of the initial damage degree, the compressive strength of the rock sample decreases by 33.6%, the elastic modulus decreases by 43.4%, the Poisson's ratio decreases by 64%, and the peak strain point gradually moves backward. The acoustic emission characteristic signals of sandstone with different initial damage levels are in good agreement with the stress-strain curves. With the increase of initial damage level, the sudden increase of local acoustic emission signals is obvious. With the increase of damage level, the crack failure mode of rock changed from tensile failure of non-destructive rock samples to tensile-shear mixed failure.

Initial damage  /  Acoustic emission  /  Uniaxial compression  /  Mechanical property  /  Failure mode
赵雪, 王龙, 鲁明星, 李富平. 不同初始损伤砂岩力学特性与声发射响应研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 152 -160 .
Xue ZHAO, Long WANG, Mingxing LU, Fuping LI. Study on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Response of Sandstone with Different Initial Damage[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 152 -160 .
随着社会的发展进步,浅部矿产资源开采已经接近枯竭,有关深部矿产的开采活动越来越多[1]。岩石作为一种多相材料,其内部存在大量初始损伤,例如微孔隙、裂隙等,这些损伤的存在对岩石的力学行为产生了不同程度的影响,故深部环境中的工程扰动和初始损伤对工程建设的影响是不可忽视的。
在损伤岩石的力学研究方面,荣浩宇等[2]以砂岩锚固剂组合为研究对象,基于不同浸水时间下的三轴剪切试验,分析了初始水化损伤对软岩抗剪能力的影响。褚怀保等[3]对不同初始损伤等级的饱水花岗岩开展了霍普金森和电镜扫描试验,并对其微观破裂机制进行了分析。罗丹旎等[4]对高温-水冷却后不同损伤程度花岗岩开展了双轴压缩试验,并利用声发射系统监测岩样破坏过程,分析不同损伤程度花岗岩的双轴力学强度和声发射演化特征。宁建国等[5]建立了冲击荷载作用下低温混凝土本构模型。马泗洲等[6]采用了理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了不同初始应力下岩体的爆破损伤特征和破裂机理,揭示了初始应力作用下岩体爆破损伤机制。CHEN等[7]发现在相同冲击压力下,含初始损伤的岩样比无损伤岩样更容易发生裂纹穿透,且随着初始损伤等级的增加,岩样峰值应力呈线性减小趋势。LIU等[8]发现在冻融循环和初始损伤的影响下,含初始损伤砂岩宏观破坏一般呈现劈裂破坏、单剪切破坏、锥破坏和多裂纹破坏4种模式。张培森等[9]对不同初始损伤程度砂岩开展不同应力路径下的三轴压缩试验,分析其对岩石劣化及渗流特性的影响。王磊等[10]研究了含初始损伤冻结砂岩动态破坏机理及损伤本构关系。王璐[11]进行了二次损伤岩石的蠕变研究。李哲等[12]研究了不同温度、不同初始损伤下白砂岩的力学特性。李树刚等[13]通过单轴压缩制备损伤岩石,研究了加载速率和初始损伤对岩石能量耗散的影响。邱士利等[14]通过三轴压缩试验制造损伤大理岩,并进一步探索了不同初始损伤和卸荷路径下深埋大理岩卸荷力学特性。单鹏飞等[15]预制了不同初始损伤等级的煤样,开展了单轴压缩和声发射试验,建立了初始损伤和时间效应的损伤方程。张慧梅等[16]建立了不同节理初始损伤岩样的本构模型。王汉鹏等[17]开展了不同预加静载砂岩的循环冲击试验,探究了工程循环扰动条件下岩石的破坏机制。张凯等[18]通过循环加卸载的方式制备了不同初始损伤程度的粉砂岩,开展了单轴压缩试验和声发射监测试验,探究了损伤岩石的声发射演化特征及相应机制。邓华锋等[19]利用卸荷损伤制备损伤灰岩,研究其在加载后的力学性能。
以上研究在损伤岩石的力学特性方面做出了丰富的成果,但对于砂岩这种致密程度较低的软岩,初始损伤对其力学特性的影响的研究还存在不足。声发射特征参数能较好地反映岩石破裂失稳过程中的损伤演化特征。因此,本文借助单轴压缩试验和声发射监测试验,分析不同初始损伤等级下砂岩的力学特性和声发射参数,探究不同初始损伤砂岩在单轴压缩作用后的力学性能变化特征和微裂纹演化模式。
本文制样所用砂岩均取自白砺滩露天煤矿南帮边坡泥质粉砂岩,按照《水利水电工程岩石试验规程》[20],将岩石加工成直径为100 mm、高度为50mm的标准岩样,端面不平整度控制在±0.05 mm沿试件高度方向,直径误差不超过0.3 mm。剔除外观有明显缺陷和物理参数离散型较大的砂岩试样。
试样制备完成后,首先获取砂岩试样的应力-应变以及声发射参数,在加载过程中岩石微裂隙的活动状态控制着岩石的变形程度以及相对应的应力水平,通过分析荷载作用下岩石的应变规律可得到各变形阶段的关键应力阈值,将其分为压密应力、起裂应力、损伤应力以及峰值应力4个应力特征值,分别代表着砂岩应力-应变曲线中4个阶段(压密阶段Ⅰ、弹性变形阶段Ⅱ、微裂隙稳定发展阶段Ⅲ和微裂隙加速扩展阶段Ⅳ)的临界值。由此可见,预制初始损伤需将岩样加载至起裂应力之后,损伤应力之前。若在加载至起裂应力之前,岩石内部还未产生预期的损伤,在损伤应力之后岩样表面可能会出现宏观裂纹。因此,微裂隙稳定扩展阶段的上下限划分对确定初始损伤至关重要,仅通过应力-应变曲线划分4个阶段存在一定的主观性,较为粗糙,故分析预试验砂岩试样在荷载作用下的应力、声发射撞击率、累计撞击数的分布规律,如图1所示。
首先,岩样撞击率建立的是log坐标系,其目的是为了直观地观测撞击率的波动情况。
在Ⅰ阶段,随着荷载逐渐增加,岩样声发射信号逐渐下降,在该阶段产生的声发射信号多为岩样原生裂隙在闭合时所产生的摩擦、滑移信号,可知该阶段对应岩样的压密阶段。
在Ⅱ阶段,岩样声发射信号随着荷载增加并没有出现明显变化,但该阶段应变、荷载持续增加,可知该阶段对应岩样的弹性变形阶段。
在Ⅲ阶段,岩样声发射信号逐渐回升,但同时声发射累计撞击数并没有出现迅速变化,说明该阶段岩样内部微裂隙逐渐开始活动,其内部产生损伤劣化,此时对应岩样的微裂隙稳定发展阶段。
在Ⅳ阶段,岩样撞击率、累计撞击数迅速大幅度增加,说明岩样内部微裂隙加速扩展,岩样处于即将失稳状态,同时应力-应变曲线斜率也明显减小,可知此时对应岩样的微裂隙加速扩展阶段。
由上述分析可知,撞击率的4个阶段与应变划分的4个阶段具有较好的对应关系,可以相对准确地分析岩样的微裂隙稳定发展阶段,并通过计算起裂应力与损伤应力的差值,确定不同等级的初始损伤。本文设定4种不同等级的初始损伤,分别为起裂应力与损伤应力差值的0.2倍、0.4倍、0.6倍、0.8倍。具体数值为42 MPa、47 MPa、52 MPa、57 MPa。
为了解本文所用砂岩的主要矿物成分和结构,采用偏光显微镜对其进行成像分析,观察结果如图2所示。
从图2可以看出,砂岩试样以细砂为主,其主要矿物成分为石英,其次为少量岩屑和长石,胶结物以硅质为主,含少许黏土矿物和重矿物。
试验主要设备为电液伺服岩石常规三轴试验机和声发射监测系统。采用微机控制电液伺服岩石三轴试验机对岩样开展单轴压缩试验,并同时使用声发射监测仪对荷载作用下岩样声发射信号进行同步监测。试验流程如下。
(1)将制备后的岩样分组,分别为无损伤组、Ⅰ级损伤组、Ⅱ级损伤组、Ⅲ级损伤组、Ⅳ级损伤组,每组设置5块砂岩试样,进行初始损伤岩样的预制,预制时采用位移加载,加载速度为0.06 mm/min,在达到指定荷载时,保持荷载1min,随后以0.06 mm/min的速度卸载至0。
(2)使用电液伺服控制岩石三轴试验机对达到预制完毕的岩样开展单轴压缩试验。在进行单轴压缩试验前,需在岩样上粘贴垫片,并在岩样两端以及传感器与岩样接触处涂抹凡士林作为耦合剂,然后将岩样放置于加载平台进行预加载试验,速率为5 mm/min,加载至1 kN,待数据稳定后,用压力机进行0.06 mm/min恒速的单轴压缩试验,同时辅以声发射监测,测量不同等级初始损伤砂岩的声发射参数。
随着初始损伤等级的增加,砂岩内部的原生孔隙和微裂隙会在压力的作用下扩展,使岩石内部结构逐渐疲劳和损坏,进而影响岩石的力学特性和稳定性。
不同初始损伤下砂岩力学参数见表1。由表1可知,砂岩的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随着初始损伤等级的增加呈逐渐减小的趋势。与无损伤组相比,Ⅳ级损伤岩样单轴抗压强度降低至57.88 MPa,减小了33.6%,弹性模量也随着初始损伤等级的增加而降低,无损伤组的弹性模量为15.32GPa, Ⅳ级损伤岩样的弹性模量为8.67 GPa,降低了43.4%,由此可知,随着初始损伤等级的增加,砂岩强度和承载能力降低,对外界应力的响应能力变弱。
砂岩的泊松比随着初始损伤等级的增加而逐渐降低,从无损伤岩样的0.25降低至Ⅳ级损伤的0.09,降低了64%。轴向峰值应变随着损伤等级的增加而增大,说明随着损伤等级的增加,砂岩抵抗变形能力显著变弱,岩样内部结构变得越来越疏松,岩石颗粒间的黏结力下降,颗粒间的相互支撑作用减弱,导致岩石在外部荷载作用下更容易发生位移变形,宏观上表现为轴向应变的增加。
为了分析不同初始损伤状态下砂岩试样的力学特性变化情况,绘制不同初始损伤等级砂岩应力-应变曲线,如图3所示。由图3可知,随着初始损伤等级的增加,砂岩的峰值强度呈下降趋势,这是因为初始损伤引起岩石内部结构破坏,进而导致岩石完整性和承载能力逐步减弱。此外初始损伤等级的增加还导致岩石的轴向峰值应变逐渐增大,这意味着达到峰值强度前,岩石经历了更大的变形量,岩石破坏前塑性变形增加。而岩石在线弹性阶段的应力-应变曲线斜率逐渐降低,这意味着岩石的弹性模量在逐渐下降,岩石抵抗变形能力下降,即岩石的整体力学性能在劣化。
声发射振铃计数指的是在一定时间内超过阈值的振铃脉冲的发生频次,其体现了岩石破坏过程中声发射信号的强弱,可以揭示微观缺陷扩展发育造成的岩石损伤特征规律[21]。不同初始损伤等级砂岩的振铃计数演化曲线如图4所示。
由图4可知,不同初始损伤等级砂岩振铃计数的演化曲线按阶段均可分为平静期、增长期和陡增期,同时单轴加载过程中岩石的应力演化曲线同声发射信号特征有着良好的一致性。
(1)平静期。该阶段声发射振铃计数和累计振铃计数增长缓慢,为单轴压缩过程的压密阶段和线弹性变形阶段,岩样的自身孔隙逐渐闭合,岩样内部趋于完整,不具备声发射信号活动的基本条件。其中,无损伤组岩样、Ⅰ级损伤组岩样、Ⅱ级损伤组岩样、Ⅲ级损伤组岩样前期累计振铃计数基本与x轴平行,说明此时声发射信号基本为0。Ⅳ级损伤组岩样在压密阶段产生了大量的声发射信号,声发射的累计振铃计数有陡增的现象。说明随着初始损伤等级的增加,所造成的裂隙发育不均匀,在外部荷载的作用下,部分裂隙扩展贯通,使得声发射信号有所增强,且在弹性变形阶段也有着少量岩样微破裂所产生的信号。
(2)增长期。振铃计数的增长期在塑性变形阶段,此时岩样的累计振铃计数曲线呈多段式增长。其中,Ⅳ级损伤组累计振铃计数的增长段式最多。且此时的振铃计数信号多为突发型信号,说明岩样内部裂隙发育成熟,岩石的劣化程度增加。
(3)陡增期。该阶段岩样接近破裂,内部裂隙网络发育成熟,微破裂特征频现,对应的声发射信号显著增强。其中,初始损伤的砂岩在破坏前的声发射信号有短暂的沉寂期,此现象可以作为岩样破坏的前兆。这是能量耗散的结果,岩石在完全失稳破坏前,要积聚能量克服颗粒之间错位摩擦产生的阻碍作用,故此时的振铃计数显著减弱。
不同初始损伤等级岩样的振铃计数和累计振铃计数演化特征亦有差异,Ⅰ级损伤岩样的振铃计数信号分布最为广泛,表明砂岩初始状态下内部裂隙分布不均匀;Ⅱ级损伤和Ⅲ级损伤岩样的振铃计数信号有所减弱,但在峰值破坏前振铃计数点信号突增;Ⅳ级损伤岩样在增长期有多条明显的振铃计数信号产生,说明此时岩样内部的破裂尺度变大,内部裂隙在压力的反复作用下逐渐汇聚、扩展、贯通,形成了裂隙网络。
岩样在进行单轴加载时所产生的微裂纹主要为剪切裂纹和张拉裂纹两种,将声发射信号AF 值与RA 值联系起来评价不同初始损伤等级下砂岩的破坏机制。通常认为“低AF 值和高 RA 值”的信号模式对应剪切破坏,“高 AF 值和低 RA值”的信号模式对应张拉破坏[22]。不同初始损伤等级砂岩的 RA-AF 分布特征如图5 所示。
由图5可知,砂岩单轴破坏过程中所产生的微裂纹以张拉裂纹为主,但不同初始损伤等级砂岩剪切裂纹和张拉裂纹的比例会有所变化。其中,无损伤组砂岩的剪切裂纹占比最为密集,而Ⅰ级损伤岩样张拉裂纹占比逐渐增多,表明此时岩样的宏观破坏模式为张拉破坏,剪切裂纹聚集程度逐渐减小,岩样在较低级别初始损伤承受的剪切作用较少,当岩样承受较少损伤时,内部已经孕育了少许微裂纹,受荷载作用后,该少许微裂纹不断发育扩展,最终导致岩石裂纹朝着张拉破坏发育。随着岩样初始损伤等级从Ⅱ级损伤增加到Ⅳ级损伤,岩石内部的应力条件和微观结构发生了变化,张拉裂纹的数量开始减少,剪切裂纹开始变得更加显著,且剪切裂纹与张拉裂纹的数量开始趋于一致。这意味着岩样在这一阶段的破坏模式由早期的以张拉破坏为主转变为张拉-剪切混合破坏。这种转变与初始损伤等级增大过程中微裂纹的不断扩展和连接有关。这是因为随着初始损伤对岩石内部结构的影响愈加深入,岩石的抗拉性能逐渐减弱,从张拉破坏转化为张拉-剪切混合破坏。
进一步分析不同初始损伤等级砂岩在荷载作用下的裂纹演化规律,选取分割线斜率k为300,对不同破裂类型进行划分,当岩样声发射事件k值大于300时为拉伸裂纹,小于300时为剪切裂纹,绘制不同初始损伤等级砂岩裂纹演化过程中随剪切/张拉裂纹比例的变化情况,如图6所示。
由图6可知,随着载荷加载时间的增加,不同初始损伤砂岩裂纹比例的演化趋势整体一致,剪切裂纹占比均随着加载时间的增加而增大,但不同初始损伤等级砂岩在不同加载阶段内的裂纹演化有所不同。随初始损伤等级的增加,岩样裂纹数量逐渐减小,拉伸裂纹、剪切裂纹在整个加载过程中存在明显变化。首先是低损伤等级(无损伤、Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级)岩样,在压密阶段、微裂隙稳定发展阶段、微裂隙加速扩展阶段,岩样的拉伸裂纹数量逐渐减少,且微裂隙加速扩展阶段岩样剪切裂纹数量也有所降低。Ⅲ级损伤岩样较为特殊,在压密阶段和微裂隙稳定发育阶段只有较少裂纹产生,说明此时岩石前期损伤已经达到较高水平,新裂纹的生成受到抑制。Ⅳ级损伤岩样在压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、微裂隙稳定发展阶段以及微裂隙加速扩展阶段的拉伸裂纹数量显著减少,并且前3个阶段中的拉伸裂纹数量高于低损伤等级岩样,但在微裂隙加速扩展阶段中,岩样的剪切裂纹数量远小于低损伤等级岩样。
初始损伤对岩石劣化的影响是多方面的,本文通过对砂岩试样开展不同初始损伤等级下的单轴压缩试验和声发射试验,对比分析了不同初始损伤等级砂岩试样的力学性能变化特征和微裂纹演化规模,得出以下主要结论。
(1)单轴压缩试验结果表明,与无损伤组相比,Ⅳ级损伤岩样单轴抗压强度由87.21 MPa降低至57.88MPa,减小了33.6%,弹性模量随着初始损伤等级的增加而降低,无损伤组的弹性模量为15.32 GPa,Ⅳ级损伤岩样的弹性模量为8.67 GPa,降低了43.4%。砂岩的泊松比随着初始损伤等级的增加而降低,从无损伤岩样的0.25降低至Ⅳ级损伤的0.09,降低了64%,轴向峰值应变随着损伤等级的增加而增大。
(2)不同初始损伤等级砂岩试样在单轴压缩过程中,声发射振铃计数可分为平静期、增长期、陡增期;随着初始损伤等级的增加,声发射信号局部突增特征明显,其中Ⅳ级损伤砂岩试样整体劣化,试验全程声发射活动频繁。
(3)声发射试验结果表明,初始损伤会改变RA-AF的分布特征,无损伤组岩样的张拉裂纹最为密集,剪切裂纹的聚集程度逐渐减小,岩样此时的宏观破坏模式为张拉破坏和局部的剪切破坏,随着初始损伤等级的增加,岩样内部的张拉裂纹逐渐减少,剪切裂纹逐渐增加,且张拉裂纹与剪切裂纹的数量趋于相近,此时岩样产生的破坏模式为张拉-剪切混合破坏。
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(226Z4103G)
  • 矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室基金项目(KJSKL-2023-21)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52004091)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-18
基金
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(226Z4103G)
矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室基金项目(KJSKL-2023-21)
国家自然科学基金项目(52004091)
作者信息
    1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
    2.矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京 102628
    3.河北省矿区生态恢复产业技术研究院,河北 唐山市 063210
    4.矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
    5.防灾科技学院 应急管理学院,河北 三河市 065201

通讯作者:

王龙(1988—),男,河北定州人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿业工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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