Article(id=1322904546615373872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720022400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334622290, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334622290, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334622290, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334622290, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=277, endPage=288, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904546783146033, articleId=1322904546615373872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Coupling Coordination Development of Mineral-Economy-Mine Environment in Resource-Based Cities, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to promote the high-quality development of resource-based cities, the comprehensive evaluation index, coupling coordination degree and obstacle factors of mineral-economy-mine environment in 84 resource-based cities in China from 2020 to 2022 were studied by constructing the index system of mineral-economy-mine environment and using the comprehensive evaluation model, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of mineral, economy and mine environment has increased, and the differences of resource-based cities in different types and regions are obvious. The coupling coordination degree of resource-based cities is low, most cities are in a state of imbalance, and the overall level of coupling coordination is on the rise. The main obstacle factors of the mineral system are the sales revenue of mineral products, the total output value of mine industry and the total profit of mining enterprises. The main obstacle factors of the economic system are the total import and export trade volume, the number of patent authorizations and the profits of industrial enterprises above a certain scale. The main obstacle factors of the mining environment system are the area of restoration and treatment for the current year, the cumulative restoration and treatment area, and the amount of investment in restoration and treatment for the current year.

, authors=Xiaohang WANG, Lianrong ZHAO, Xin LAO, authorsList=Xiaohang WANG, Lianrong ZHAO, Xin LAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin LAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904552319627354, articleId=1322904546615373872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展研究, columnId=1321866349543014439, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿业前沿交叉与综合, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为促进资源型城市高质量发展,通过构建矿产-经济-矿山环境指标体系,运用综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,对2020—2022年我国84个资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境综合评价指数、耦合协调度与障碍因子进行了研究。结果表明:矿产、经济及矿山环境综合评价指数均有所增加,不同类型、不同地区资源型城市差异明显;资源型城市耦合协调度较低,绝大部分城市都处于失调状态,耦合协调整体水平呈上升态势;矿产系统的主要障碍因子为矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与矿山企业利润总额,经济系统的主要障碍因子为进出口贸易总额、专利授权数与规模以上工业企业利润,矿山环境系统的主要障碍因子为当年恢复治理面积、累计恢复治理面积和当年恢复治理投资额。

, authors=王箫航, 赵连荣, 劳昕, authorsList=王箫航, 赵连荣, 劳昕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=劳昕, authorNote=

王箫航(1999—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,主要从事自然资源管理方面的研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
劳昕(1988—),女,广西北海人,博士,副教授,主要从事区域经济方面的研究。E-mail:
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王箫航(1999—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,主要从事自然资源管理方面的研究。E-mail:

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王箫航(1999—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,主要从事自然资源管理方面的研究。E-mail:

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Tropical Geography, 1999(2):76-82., articleTitle=Quantitaitve judgement and classification system for coordinated development of environment amd economy: a case study of the city group in the Pearl River Delta, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322904559915511957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, awardId=42101226, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42101226), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322904552575479899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904552588062812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, companyId=1322904552575479899, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China), 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journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Statistics of mine environment comprehensive evaluation index in different types of resource-based cities, figureFileSmall=s/CKgH2wu+t9EaZFEbBnHw==, figureFileBig=YPmqrtB8nDGvl3p5/aLfPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904556409073790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同类型资源型城市的矿山环境综合评价指数统计, figureFileSmall=s/CKgH2wu+t9EaZFEbBnHw==, figureFileBig=YPmqrtB8nDGvl3p5/aLfPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904556476182655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Statistics of mine environment comprehensive evaluation index of resource-based cities in different regions, figureFileSmall=R5DB7pXGO4ruUgwbA8jggg==, figureFileBig=pZZy4clqywvCdDRoM2HlrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904556547485824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同地区资源型城市的矿山环境综合评价指数统计, figureFileSmall=R5DB7pXGO4ruUgwbA8jggg==, figureFileBig=pZZy4clqywvCdDRoM2HlrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904556614594689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mineral-economy-mine environment indicator system of resource-based cities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统要素指标单位指标性质
矿产矿产规模矿山工业总产值a1亿元+
矿山个数a2个+
矿石产量a3万 t+
从业人数a4人+
矿产效益矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a5%+
城市矿山企业利润总额a6亿元+
矿产品销售收入a7万元+
经济经济规模地区生产总值b1亿元+
进出口贸易总额b2万元+
地方一般公共预算收入b3万元+
规模以上工业企业利润b4万元+
经济结构第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b5%+
第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b6%+
第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b7%+
社会发展城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b8元+
城镇化率b9%+
专利授权数b10个+
矿山环境治理恢复当年恢复治理面积c1km2+
累计恢复治理面积c2km2+
当年恢复治理投资额c3万元+
污染破坏应恢复治理面积c4km2–
单位GDP废石排放量c5t/亿元–
单位GDP尾矿排放量c6t/亿元–
单位GDP废水排放量c7t/亿元–
), ArticleFig(id=1322904556694286466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统要素指标单位指标性质
矿产矿产规模矿山工业总产值a1亿元+
矿山个数a2个+
矿石产量a3万 t+
从业人数a4人+
矿产效益矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a5%+
城市矿山企业利润总额a6亿元+
矿产品销售收入a7万元+
经济经济规模地区生产总值b1亿元+
进出口贸易总额b2万元+
地方一般公共预算收入b3万元+
规模以上工业企业利润b4万元+
经济结构第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b5%+
第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b6%+
第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b7%+
社会发展城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b8元+
城镇化率b9%+
专利授权数b10个+
矿山环境治理恢复当年恢复治理面积c1km2+
累计恢复治理面积c2km2+
当年恢复治理投资额c3万元+
污染破坏应恢复治理面积c4km2–
单位GDP废石排放量c5t/亿元–
单位GDP尾矿排放量c6t/亿元–
单位GDP废水排放量c7t/亿元–
), ArticleFig(id=1322904556912390275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Evaluation criteria for coupling coordination degree level

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耦合协调度协调等级耦合协调度协调等级
[0.00,0.10)极度失调[0.50,0.60)勉强协调
[0.10,0.20)严重失调[0.60,0.70)初级协调
[0.20,0.30)中度失调[0.70,0.80)中级协调
[0.30,0.40)轻度失调[0.80,0.90)良好协调
[0.40,0.50)濒临失调[0.90,1.00]优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557000470660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

耦合协调度等级评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调度协调等级耦合协调度协调等级
[0.00,0.10)极度失调[0.50,0.60)勉强协调
[0.10,0.20)严重失调[0.60,0.70)初级协调
[0.20,0.30)中度失调[0.70,0.80)中级协调
[0.30,0.40)轻度失调[0.80,0.90)良好协调
[0.40,0.50)濒临失调[0.90,1.00]优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557080162437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Classification of the coupling coordination degree of resource-based cities from 2020 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调度协调等级2020年2021年2022年
城市名称城市总数城市名称城市总数城市名称城市总数
[0.00,0.10)极度失调—0—0辽源市1
[0.10,0.20)严重失调张家口市、运城市、阜新市、抚顺市、本溪市、辽源市、通化市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、七台河市、鸡西市、宿州市、淮北市、亳州市、滁州市、马鞍山市、三明市、景德镇市、新余市、萍乡市、淄博市、焦作市、鹤壁市、黄石市、邵阳市、娄底市、韶关市、云浮市、河池市、广元市、泸州市、雅安市、安顺市、保山市、昭通市、丽江市、普洱市、临沧市、铜川市、宝鸡市、金昌市、武威市、张掖市、庆阳市、平凉市、陇南市、石嘴山市47张家口市、运城市、阜新市、抚顺市、本溪市、辽源市、通化市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、七台河市、鸡西市、宿州市、淮北市、亳州市、滁州市、马鞍山市、三明市、景德镇市、新余市、萍乡市、焦作市、鹤壁市、黄石市、邵阳市、娄底市、韶关市、云浮市、河池市、广元市、泸州市、雅安市、安顺市、保山市、昭通市、丽江市、普洱市、临沧市、铜川市、宝鸡市、白银市、武威市、张掖市、庆阳市、平凉市、石嘴山市45张家口市、运城市、阜新市、抚顺市、本溪市、通化市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、七台河市、鸡西市、宿州市、淮北市、亳州市、滁州市、马鞍山市、三明市、景德镇市、新余市、萍乡市、淄博市、临沂市、三门峡市、焦作市、鹤壁市、黄石市、衡阳市、邵阳市、娄底市、韶关市、云浮市、河池市、广元市、泸州市、雅安市、安顺市、保山市、昭通市、丽江市、普洱市、临沧市、铜川市、宝鸡市、白银市、武威市、张掖市、庆阳市、平凉市、石嘴山市47
[0.20,0.30)中度失调承德市、邢台市、邯郸市、大同市、阳泉市、长治市、晋城市、忻州市、晋中市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、呼伦贝尔市、鞍山市、徐州市、湖州市、淮南市、铜陵市、龙岩市、赣州市、宜春市、临沂市、泰安市、三门峡市、平顶山市、衡水市、郴州市、百色市、六盘水市、毕节市、曲靖市渭南市、白银市33承德市、邢台市、邯郸市、大同市、阳泉市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、呼伦贝尔市、鞍山市、徐州市、湖州市、淮南市、铜陵市、龙岩市、赣州市、宜春市、淄博市、临沂市、泰安市、三门峡市、平顶山市、衡阳市、郴州市、百色市、六盘水市、毕节市、曲靖市渭南市、白银市、平凉市31承德市、邢台市、邯郸市、大同市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、呼伦贝尔市、鞍山市、徐州市、湖州市、淮南市、铜陵市、龙岩市、赣州市、宜春市、泰安市、平顶山市、郴州市、百色市、六盘水市、毕节市、曲靖市渭南市、宝鸡市、白银市、平凉市27
[0.30,0.40)轻度失调唐山市1唐山市、长治市、晋城市、忻州市、晋中市、济宁市6唐山市、晋城市、忻州市、晋中市4
[0.40,0.50)濒临失调济宁市、榆林市2—0阳泉市、济宁市2
[0.50,0.60)勉强协调鄂尔多斯市1—0长治市1
[0.60,0.70)初级协调—0鄂尔多斯市、榆林市2榆林市1
[0.70,0.80)中级协调—0—0鄂尔多斯市1
[0.80,0.90)良好协调—0—0—0
[0.90,1.00]优质协调—0—0—0
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557176631430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2020-2022年资源型城市耦合协调度等级划分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调度协调等级2020年2021年2022年
城市名称城市总数城市名称城市总数城市名称城市总数
[0.00,0.10)极度失调—0—0辽源市1
[0.10,0.20)严重失调张家口市、运城市、阜新市、抚顺市、本溪市、辽源市、通化市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、七台河市、鸡西市、宿州市、淮北市、亳州市、滁州市、马鞍山市、三明市、景德镇市、新余市、萍乡市、淄博市、焦作市、鹤壁市、黄石市、邵阳市、娄底市、韶关市、云浮市、河池市、广元市、泸州市、雅安市、安顺市、保山市、昭通市、丽江市、普洱市、临沧市、铜川市、宝鸡市、金昌市、武威市、张掖市、庆阳市、平凉市、陇南市、石嘴山市47张家口市、运城市、阜新市、抚顺市、本溪市、辽源市、通化市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、七台河市、鸡西市、宿州市、淮北市、亳州市、滁州市、马鞍山市、三明市、景德镇市、新余市、萍乡市、焦作市、鹤壁市、黄石市、邵阳市、娄底市、韶关市、云浮市、河池市、广元市、泸州市、雅安市、安顺市、保山市、昭通市、丽江市、普洱市、临沧市、铜川市、宝鸡市、白银市、武威市、张掖市、庆阳市、平凉市、石嘴山市45张家口市、运城市、阜新市、抚顺市、本溪市、通化市、鹤岗市、双鸭山市、七台河市、鸡西市、宿州市、淮北市、亳州市、滁州市、马鞍山市、三明市、景德镇市、新余市、萍乡市、淄博市、临沂市、三门峡市、焦作市、鹤壁市、黄石市、衡阳市、邵阳市、娄底市、韶关市、云浮市、河池市、广元市、泸州市、雅安市、安顺市、保山市、昭通市、丽江市、普洱市、临沧市、铜川市、宝鸡市、白银市、武威市、张掖市、庆阳市、平凉市、石嘴山市47
[0.20,0.30)中度失调承德市、邢台市、邯郸市、大同市、阳泉市、长治市、晋城市、忻州市、晋中市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、呼伦贝尔市、鞍山市、徐州市、湖州市、淮南市、铜陵市、龙岩市、赣州市、宜春市、临沂市、泰安市、三门峡市、平顶山市、衡水市、郴州市、百色市、六盘水市、毕节市、曲靖市渭南市、白银市33承德市、邢台市、邯郸市、大同市、阳泉市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、呼伦贝尔市、鞍山市、徐州市、湖州市、淮南市、铜陵市、龙岩市、赣州市、宜春市、淄博市、临沂市、泰安市、三门峡市、平顶山市、衡阳市、郴州市、百色市、六盘水市、毕节市、曲靖市渭南市、白银市、平凉市31承德市、邢台市、邯郸市、大同市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、呼伦贝尔市、鞍山市、徐州市、湖州市、淮南市、铜陵市、龙岩市、赣州市、宜春市、泰安市、平顶山市、郴州市、百色市、六盘水市、毕节市、曲靖市渭南市、宝鸡市、白银市、平凉市27
[0.30,0.40)轻度失调唐山市1唐山市、长治市、晋城市、忻州市、晋中市、济宁市6唐山市、晋城市、忻州市、晋中市4
[0.40,0.50)濒临失调济宁市、榆林市2—0阳泉市、济宁市2
[0.50,0.60)勉强协调鄂尔多斯市1—0长治市1
[0.60,0.70)初级协调—0鄂尔多斯市、榆林市2榆林市1
[0.70,0.80)中级协调—0—0鄂尔多斯市1
[0.80,0.90)良好协调—0—0—0
[0.90,1.00]优质协调—0—0—0
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557260517511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of resource-based cities from 2020 to 2022 in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统障碍因子障碍度/%
2020年2021年2022年
矿产矿山工业总产值a120.9420.7920.45
矿山个数a25.746.186.53
矿石产量a312.7812.9613.09
从业人数a49.029.259.45
矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a511.5210.9911.05
城市矿山企业利润总额a618.5218.4818.40
矿产品销售收入a721.4821.3521.03
经济地区生产总值b18.658.548.37
进出口贸易总额b224.6124.1024.02
地方一般公共预算收入b312.2112.2712.11
规模以上工业企业利润b417.8917.9618.00
第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b54.664.955.00
第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b61.971.901.84
第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b70.630.720.79
城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b89.669.949.82
城镇化率b92.592.602.59
专利授权数b1017.1317.0217.46
矿山环境当年恢复治理面积c116.6616.5416.97
累计恢复治理面积c266.7067.0166.37
当年恢复治理投资额c316.6216.4416.64
应恢复治理面积c40.010.000.00
单位GDP废石排放量c50.000.000.01
单位GDP尾矿排放量c60.010.010.01
单位GDP废水排放量c70.000.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557344403592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2020-2022年全国资源型城市各障碍因子的障碍度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统障碍因子障碍度/%
2020年2021年2022年
矿产矿山工业总产值a120.9420.7920.45
矿山个数a25.746.186.53
矿石产量a312.7812.9613.09
从业人数a49.029.259.45
矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a511.5210.9911.05
城市矿山企业利润总额a618.5218.4818.40
矿产品销售收入a721.4821.3521.03
经济地区生产总值b18.658.548.37
进出口贸易总额b224.6124.1024.02
地方一般公共预算收入b312.2112.2712.11
规模以上工业企业利润b417.8917.9618.00
第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b54.664.955.00
第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b61.971.901.84
第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b70.630.720.79
城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b89.669.949.82
城镇化率b92.592.602.59
专利授权数b1017.1317.0217.46
矿山环境当年恢复治理面积c116.6616.5416.97
累计恢复治理面积c266.7067.0166.37
当年恢复治理投资额c316.6216.4416.64
应恢复治理面积c40.010.000.00
单位GDP废石排放量c50.000.000.01
单位GDP尾矿排放量c60.010.010.01
单位GDP废水排放量c70.000.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557424095369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of mineral system in different types of resource-based cities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市类型矿山工业总产值a1矿山个数a2矿石产量a3从业人数a4矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a5城市矿山企业利润总额a6矿产品销售收入a7
全国20.726.1412.959.2411.1918.4721.29
成熟型城市20.965.8613.108.7411.2018.6121.53
成长型城市20.037.1612.5810.009.9819.5120.74
衰退型城市20.636.3912.919.7911.1817.9621.14
再生型城市20.446.1512.649.7912.2017.8420.94
), ArticleFig(id=1322904557495398538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同类型资源型城市矿产系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市类型矿山工业总产值a1矿山个数a2矿石产量a3从业人数a4矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a5城市矿山企业利润总额a6矿产品销售收入a7
全国20.726.1412.959.2411.1918.4721.29
成熟型城市20.965.8613.108.7411.2018.6121.53
成长型城市20.037.1612.5810.009.9819.5120.74
衰退型城市20.636.3912.919.7911.1817.9621.14
再生型城市20.446.1512.649.7912.2017.8420.94
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559156342923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of mineral system of resource-based cities in different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市区位矿山工业总产值a1矿山个数a2矿石产量a3从业人数a4矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a5城市矿山企业利润总额a6矿产品销售收入a7
全国20.726.1412.959.2411.1918.4721.29
东部20.626.0712.709.3412.0918.0521.13
中部20.966.2113.208.6210.8418.6521.52
西部20.536.1312.839.8611.0118.5221.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559244423308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同地区资源型城市矿产系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市区位矿山工业总产值a1矿山个数a2矿石产量a3从业人数a4矿山工业总产值占地区生产总值的比重a5城市矿山企业利润总额a6矿产品销售收入a7
全国20.726.1412.959.2411.1918.4721.29
东部20.626.0712.709.3412.0918.0521.13
中部20.966.2113.208.6210.8418.6521.52
西部20.536.1312.839.8611.0118.5221.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559311532173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of economic system in different types of resource-based cities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市类型地区生产总值b1进出口贸易总额b2地方一般公共预算收入b3规模以上工业企业利润b4第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b5第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b6第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b7城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b8城镇化率b9专利授权数b10
全国8.5224.2412.2017.954.871.910.729.802.5917.20
成熟型城市8.4724.4612.2017.964.691.910.719.702.8217.07
成长型城市8.3027.4110.9315.114.361.820.919.673.0118.49
衰退型城市9.4424.6512.8217.644.721.750.679.151.8817.28
再生型城市7.1819.6212.1221.046.462.260.6511.602.5516.52
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559399612558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同类型资源型城市经济系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市类型地区生产总值b1进出口贸易总额b2地方一般公共预算收入b3规模以上工业企业利润b4第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b5第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b6第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b7城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b8城镇化率b9专利授权数b10
全国8.5224.2412.2017.954.871.910.729.802.5917.20
成熟型城市8.4724.4612.2017.964.691.910.719.702.8217.07
成长型城市8.3027.4110.9315.114.361.820.919.673.0118.49
衰退型城市9.4424.6512.8217.644.721.750.679.151.8817.28
再生型城市7.1819.6212.1221.046.462.260.6511.602.5516.52
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559466721423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of economic system of resource-based cities in different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市区位地区生产总值b1进出口贸易总额b2地方一般公共预算收入b3规模以上工业企业利润b4第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b5第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b6第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b7城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b8城镇化率b9专利授权数b10
全国8.5224.2412.2017.954.871.910.719.812.5917.20
东部7.6621.1611.9620.295.902.140.7211.122.6016.45
中部8.7724.5212.3317.775.001.820.639.642.4117.11
西部8.7725.8312.1916.714.111.870.789.182.7917.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559546413200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同地区资源型城市经济系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市区位地区生产总值b1进出口贸易总额b2地方一般公共预算收入b3规模以上工业企业利润b4第一产业占地区生产总值的比重b5第二产业占地区生产总值的比重b6第三产业占地区生产总值的比重b7城镇非私营单位在岗职工平均工资b8城镇化率b9专利授权数b10
全国8.5224.2412.2017.954.871.910.719.812.5917.20
东部7.6621.1611.9620.295.902.140.7211.122.6016.45
中部8.7724.5212.3317.775.001.820.639.642.4117.11
西部8.7725.8312.1916.714.111.870.789.182.7917.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559613522065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of mine environment system in different types of resource-based cities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市类型当年恢复治理面积c1累计恢复治理面积c2当年恢复治理投资额c3应恢复治理面积c4单位GDP废石排放量c5单位GDP尾矿排放量c6单位GDP废水排放量c7
全国16.7366.6916.570.000.000.010.00
成熟型城市17.0266.2216.750.000.000.010.00
成长型城市13.9871.0114.980.010.010.010.00
衰退型城市17.1666.0316.810.000.000.000.00
再生型城市17.0266.2316.740.000.000.010.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559672242322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同类型资源型城市矿山环境系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市类型当年恢复治理面积c1累计恢复治理面积c2当年恢复治理投资额c3应恢复治理面积c4单位GDP废石排放量c5单位GDP尾矿排放量c6单位GDP废水排放量c7
全国16.7366.6916.570.000.000.010.00
成熟型城市17.0266.2216.750.000.000.010.00
成长型城市13.9871.0114.980.010.010.010.00
衰退型城市17.1666.0316.810.000.000.000.00
再生型城市17.0266.2316.740.000.000.010.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559743545491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Obstacle degree statistics for each obstacle factor of mine environment system of resource-based cities in different regions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市区位当年恢复治理面积c1累计恢复治理面积c2当年恢复治理投资额c3应恢复治理面积c4单位GDP废石排放量c5单位GDP尾矿排放量c6单位GDP废水排放量c7
全国16.7366.6916.570.000.000.010.00
东部16.8166.5216.650.010.000.010.00
中部17.2365.9316.840.000.000.000.00
西部16.1267.6316.230.010.000.010.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904559823237268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904546615373872, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

不同地区资源型城市矿山环境系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计

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城市区位当年恢复治理面积c1累计恢复治理面积c2当年恢复治理投资额c3应恢复治理面积c4单位GDP废石排放量c5单位GDP尾矿排放量c6单位GDP废水排放量c7
全国16.7366.6916.570.000.000.010.00
东部16.8166.5216.650.010.000.010.00
中部17.2365.9316.840.000.000.000.00
西部16.1267.6316.230.010.000.010.00
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资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展研究
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王箫航 , 赵连荣 , 劳昕
矿业研究与开发 | 矿业前沿交叉与综合 2025,45(5): 277-288
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矿业研究与开发 |矿业前沿交叉与综合 2025 , 45 (5) : 277 -288
资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展研究
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王箫航 , 赵连荣, 劳昕
作者信息
  • 中国地质大学(北京) 经济管理学院,北京 100083
通讯作者:
劳昕(1988—),女,广西北海人,博士,副教授,主要从事区域经济方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

王箫航(1999—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,主要从事自然资源管理方面的研究。E-mail:

Coupling Coordination Development of Mineral-Economy-Mine Environment in Resource-Based Cities
Xiaohang WANG , Lianrong ZHAO, Xin LAO
Affiliations
  • School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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为促进资源型城市高质量发展,通过构建矿产-经济-矿山环境指标体系,运用综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,对2020—2022年我国84个资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境综合评价指数、耦合协调度与障碍因子进行了研究。结果表明:矿产、经济及矿山环境综合评价指数均有所增加,不同类型、不同地区资源型城市差异明显;资源型城市耦合协调度较低,绝大部分城市都处于失调状态,耦合协调整体水平呈上升态势;矿产系统的主要障碍因子为矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与矿山企业利润总额,经济系统的主要障碍因子为进出口贸易总额、专利授权数与规模以上工业企业利润,矿山环境系统的主要障碍因子为当年恢复治理面积、累计恢复治理面积和当年恢复治理投资额。

资源型城市  /  矿产-经济-矿山环境  /  耦合协调  /  障碍因子

In order to promote the high-quality development of resource-based cities, the comprehensive evaluation index, coupling coordination degree and obstacle factors of mineral-economy-mine environment in 84 resource-based cities in China from 2020 to 2022 were studied by constructing the index system of mineral-economy-mine environment and using the comprehensive evaluation model, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of mineral, economy and mine environment has increased, and the differences of resource-based cities in different types and regions are obvious. The coupling coordination degree of resource-based cities is low, most cities are in a state of imbalance, and the overall level of coupling coordination is on the rise. The main obstacle factors of the mineral system are the sales revenue of mineral products, the total output value of mine industry and the total profit of mining enterprises. The main obstacle factors of the economic system are the total import and export trade volume, the number of patent authorizations and the profits of industrial enterprises above a certain scale. The main obstacle factors of the mining environment system are the area of restoration and treatment for the current year, the cumulative restoration and treatment area, and the amount of investment in restoration and treatment for the current year.

Resource-based city  /  Mineral-economy-mine environment  /  Coupling coordination  /  Obstacle factor
王箫航, 赵连荣, 劳昕. 资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 277 -288 .
Xiaohang WANG, Lianrong ZHAO, Xin LAO. Coupling Coordination Development of Mineral-Economy-Mine Environment in Resource-Based Cities[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 277 -288 .
资源型城市作为我国重要的能源资源战略保障基地,历史贡献巨大、现实地位突出。然而,目前资源型城市面临着矿产资源趋于枯竭、经济转型发展内生动力不足、矿山环境严重破坏等问题,且三者相互影响,严重阻碍了资源型城市的发展[1-5]。《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划(2013—2020年)》中明确指出,促进资源型城市可持续发展,是加快转变经济发展方式的必然要求,也是促进区域协调发展、统筹推进新型工业化和新型城镇化、维护社会和谐稳定、建设生态文明的重要任务。鉴于此,对资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境进行耦合协调分析,可为合理开发矿产资源、促进资源型城市经济发展与加强矿山环境保护提供科学依据。
目前,已有不少学者对矿产-经济-矿山环境的耦合协调关系进行了深入探讨,韩信等[6]基于2001—2019年长江经济带11个省市的相关数据,分析了不同优先级下的矿产资源-区域经济-生态环境耦合协调发展水平,并从中选取了最优发展模式。方传棣等[7]通过构建矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调度模型,开展了情景分析,并比较了“经济优先”战略与“大保护”战略下长江经济带9省2市协调度的时空变化情况。杨永均等[8]以贵州省9个市为研究对象,对矿产资源开发与社会经济发展和生态环境保护之间的耦合协调度进行研究,发现贵州省在矿产资源开发与生态保护和经济发展的复合系统中存在耦合协调困境,正向促进和反馈作用未得到充分发挥且耦合协调度空间分布不均。CHEN等[9]利用博弈论改进耦合协调度模型来评估矿产资源开发、经济和环境之间的耦合协调程度,发现长江经济带2009—2017年11个省份的平均耦合协调度呈上升趋势,且下游省份的耦合协调度较高。
此外,针对矿产、经济与环境指标体系的构建,张瀛[10]从矿产资源开发的规模与效益两方面构建松原市矿产资源开发评价指标体系,其中,规模一级指标包括矿石与石油产量、矿业在岗人数、矿业消费能源;效益一级指标包括矿业利润总额、矿业从业人员人均工资。张二超等[11]从矿产资源采选业、矿产资源加工业两方面对矿业产业进行分类,并构建了矿业发展指标体系。WANG等[12]从经济规模、经济质量与经济结构3个方面共12个指标构建了我国30个省份经济系统的指标体系。李小娟等[13]从经济规模、经济结构、经济活力、民生改善方面人均GDP、城乡消费水平比、教育支出占财政总支出比重等指标,构建了怀化市经济发展综合评价指标体系。张芷若等[14]从生态环境禀赋、生态环境状态、生态环境治理方面,构建了长江经济带环境系统的指标体系,具体指标包括破坏土地面积、废水排放总量、废水达标率等。郑秋琴等[15]基于环境污染、环境治理等8个指标,构建了武平县环境子系统,具体指标包括治理水土流失面积、工业废气排放量等。
目前,国内外矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展的相关研究已取得较为丰富的成果,并对矿产、经济与环境系统的指标有着较为成熟的界定。但研究往往以某个典型城市与地区为对象,研究该城市或地区的矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调水平,缺乏对我国资源型城市的综合分析,且矿山环境作为资源型城市生态环境的重要组成部分,不仅是资源型城市生态环境保护成效的重要体现,更是影响人民生产生活与经济社会稳定发展的重要因素,具有重要的研究价值。故本研究以我国资源型城市为研究对象,通过构建资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境的指标体系,运用综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,对2020—2022年我国84个资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境综合评价指数、耦合协调水平与主要障碍因子进行分析,并探讨不同类型、不同地区资源型城市间的差异性,以期为有效提高资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展水平,推动资源型城市高质量发展提供借鉴。
基于科学性、系统性、数据可获得性等原则,参考已有研究,本研究构建了资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境的综合评价指标体系,见表1。矿产资源作为自然资源的重要组成部分,是经济系统有效运行的基础,矿产资源的开发与利用会对矿山环境造成影响。故本研究借鉴文献[11]和[12],从矿产资源开发的规模与效益两个要素中选取矿山工业总产值、矿山个数等7项指标构建资源型城市矿产系统的指标体系,这7项指标分别用a1至a7表示。
经济系统外延广阔,包括人类生产、消费、分配的方方面面。一方面,经济增长与科技进步会对矿产资源开发与利用的效率效益产生重要影响。另一方面,根据环境库兹涅茨曲线,经济增长与环境污染之间长期呈“倒U型”关系。矿山环境作为资源型城市生态环境的重要部分,也与资源型城市经济相互影响[16-17]。参考文献[7]、[12]和[13]对经济系统的成熟界定,本研究从经济规模、经济结构、社会发展3个要素中选取10项指标,构建了资源型城市经济的指标体系,这10项指标分别用b1至b10表示。
矿山环境的破坏与恢复直接影响着经济的可持续发展与矿产资源的安全开发与高效利用。根据中华人民共和国自然资源部2019年修正的《矿山地质环境保护规定》,矿山地质环境保护是指对因矿产资源勘查开采等活动造成矿区地面塌陷、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、含水层破坏、地形地貌景观破坏等后果的预防和治理恢复。虽然当前对矿山环境系统的具体指标尚未形成共识,但参考目前生态环境的指标体系[14-15]与《矿山地质环境保护规定》,本研究从治理恢复与污染破坏两个要素中选取了当年恢复治理面积、当年恢复治理投资额、单位GDP废石排放量、单位GDP废水排放量等7项指标,构建了资源型城市矿山环境的指标体系,这7项指标分别用c1至c7表示。
受限于数据可得性,本研究选取了2020—2022年84个资源型城市矿产、经济与矿山环境的相关数据,其中经济系统的指标数据均来自《中国城市统计年鉴》,其他数据均来自中华人民共和国自然资源部矿产资源开发利用统计直报管理分析系统(非油气)。
为了客观准确地衡量资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境系统的耦合协调度,本研究采用熵值法确定评价指标的权重[2,18-20]。
(1)标准化处理。为便于将各个指标进行比较,消除指标之间的量纲差别,首先采用极值法对数据进行标准化处理。
其中,正向指标的计算公式如下:
负向指标的计算公式如下:
式中:Xij表示第i个对象第j个指标的原始数据;表示第i个对象第j个正向指标的标准化数据;表示第i个对象第j个负向指标的标准化数据;minXj表示第j个指标中的最小值;maxXj表示第j个指标中的最大值。
(2)确定资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境系统中指标的熵值。设面板数据样本数为m,指标数为n,计算第j个指标的熵值Aj,其计算公式如下:
其中,
式中,fij为标准化处理后各指标所占比重。
(3)确定权重。资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境系统中第j个指标的权重Wj的计算公式如下:
(4)综合评价指数计算。矿产、经济、矿山环境系统的综合评价指数计算公式如下:
式中:f(x)、g(y)、h(z)分别为资源型城市矿产、经济、矿山环境系统的综合评价指数;a、b、c分别表示矿产、经济、矿山环境系统中所含评价指标的个数;Wx、Wy、Wz分别为矿产、经济、矿山环境系统中各指标的权重;Sij(x)、Sij(y)、Sij(z)分别表示矿产、经济、矿山环境系统中第i个对象第j个指标的原始数据进行标准化处理后得到的无量纲数据。
(1)耦合度计算。本研究参照文献[21]和[22],建立资源型城市矿产系统、经济系统、矿山环境系统的耦合度模型,其计算公式如下:
式中,C为耦合度,取值区间为[0, 1]。
(2)耦合协调度计算。耦合协调度计算公式如下:
式中:D为耦合协调度;T为资源型城市矿产系统、经济系统、矿山环境系统的综合评价指数;α、β、γ为待定系数。
资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展水平的提升对于促进资源型城市高质量发展具有重要意义,为进一步厘清制约资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展的关键障碍因子,以期制定更具针对性的治理方案,本研究引入障碍度模型对我国资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境系统的障碍因子进行识别与诊断,参照文献[23]和[24],得到以下计算公式:
式中:Oj为第j个指标的障碍度;Sij表示第i个对象第j个指标的标准化数据。
依据资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境指标体系(见表1),计算得出资源型城市矿产综合评价指数,并取平均值,得到全国、不同类型、不同地区资源型城市矿产综合评价指数。其中,不同类型资源型城市的划分参考了《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划(2013—2020年)》,不同地区资源型城市划分则借鉴了《二〇二一年全国非油气矿产资源开发利用统计年报》。不同类型资源型城市的矿产综合评价指数统计如图1所示。从全国来看,2020—2022年资源型城市矿产综合评价指数不断上升,由2020年的0.067上升到2022年的0.086,这表明2020—2022年我国资源型城市矿产资源的开发与利用水平有所提高。从不同城市类型来看,2020—2022年成长型城市矿产综合评价指数最高,远高于全国与其他资源型城市,由2020年的0.157增加到了2022年的0.259,增长幅度也是最大的。由此可见,不同于其他类型资源型城市,成长型城市的矿产资源开发利用水平依然处于高位,符合成长型城市的政策定位。与此同时,再生型城市矿产综合评价指数最低,2020—2022年平均在0.036左右。
不同地区资源型城市的矿产综合评价指数统计如图2所示。从不同地区来看,西部地区矿产综合评价指数最高,且增速最快,由2020年的0.076增长到2022年的0.108。东部矿产综合评价指数最低,且趋于稳定,2020—2022年平均在0.050左右。中部地区矿产综合评价指数与全国平均水平基本持平,并呈逐年增长态势。这说明目前我国矿业开发与资源利用仍以西部地区为主,中、东部次之,且西部地区与中部地区资源型城市矿业开发与资源利用仍不断加强,而东部地区矿产资源开发利用水平趋于稳定,这与我国矿产资源的分布情况相符合。我国西部地区矿产资源丰富,是矿产资源开发的重点地区,而东部地区并不以矿产资源开发与利用为发展重点,故矿产综合评价指数最低。
基于资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境指标体系,计算得出资源型城市经济综合评价指数,并取平均值,得到全国、不同类型、不同地区资源型城市经济综合评价指数。不同类型资源型城市的经济综合评价指数统计如图3所示。从全国来看,2020—2022年资源型城市经济综合评价指数不断上升,由2020年的0.130上升到2022年的0.159,这与我国2020—2022年稳中向好的经济形势基本一致。从不同城市类型来看,再生型城市的经济综合评价指数远高于其他类型资源型城市。增速最快的是成长型城市,经济综合评价指数由2020年的0.111增长到2022年的0.165。衰退型城市经济综合评价指数最低,虽逐年上升但上升幅度极小。总的来说,再生型城市经济发展水平一直处于高位,成长型城市经济发展活力充足,衰退型城市经济发展水平较低且缺乏动力。
不同地区资源型城市的经济综合评价指数统计如图4所示。从不同地区来看,资源型城市经济综合评价指数按从高到低的顺序分别为东部、中部及西部,符合区域经济发展现实情况。2020—2022年各地区资源型城市经济综合评价指数均有所上升,呈稳中向好态势。
依据资源型城市矿业-经济-矿山环境指标体系,计算得出资源型城市矿山环境综合评价指数,并取平均值,得到全国、不同类型、不同地区资源型城市矿山环境综合评价指数。不同类型资源型城市的矿山环境综合评价指数统计如图5所示。从全国来看,2020—2022年资源型城市矿山环境综合评价指数迅速上升,由2020年的0.017上升到2022年的0.029,这反映出资源型城市越来越重视矿山环境的恢复与治理。从不同城市类型来看,矿山环境综合评价指数最高的是成长型城市。增长速度较快的是成熟型城市,2022年矿山环境综合评价指数相比2020年翻了一番。衰退型城市矿山环境综合评价指数最低,一直维持在0.007左右。再生型城市矿山环境综合评价指数稳定在0.011左右,环境治理水平较低且变化不大。总的来说,成长型城市对矿山环境的治理力度远高于其他类型资源型城市,且成长型城市与成熟型城市对矿山环境的治理力度不断加大,而衰退型城市与再生型城市对矿山环境治理的投入有待提高。
不同地区资源型城市的矿山环境综合评价指数统计如图6所示。从不同地区来看,西部地区矿山环境综合评价指数在2020—2021年是最高的,且稳步上升。中部地区矿山环境综合评价指数在2022年出现大幅上升,甚至超过了西部地区。东部地区矿山环境综合评价指数最低,且逐年下降。近年来,随着西部大开发战略的逐步推进,西部地区在矿山生态环境修复方面取得了重大成效,中部地区资源型城市在2022年开始奋起直追,矿山环境质量也得到大幅提高,相比之下东部地区的矿山环境保护工作需要进一步加强。
在资源型城市发展过程中,由于矿产、经济、矿山环境三大系统交叉融合、相互渗透,故对三者采取“同等优先”战略,待定系数取值为α=β=γ=1/3。将待定系数值代入式(9)至式(11)中,计算得出资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境的耦合协调度。
另外,借鉴文献[25],确定了耦合协调度等级评价标准,见表2。耦合协调度按照相同梯度划分等级,耦合协调度值越大,耦合协调评价等级越高,即耦合协调状况越优,系统间各要素协同有序程度越强,要素间相互促进配合能力越强;反之耦合协调度值越小,耦合协调评价等级越低,系统间各要素协调程度低,要素间协同配合状况越无序。
根据耦合协调度等级评价标准,对2020—2022年84个资源型城市进行了耦合协调度等级划分,具体结果见表3。
由表3可知,2020—2022年资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境的耦合协调度较低,绝大部分资源型城市处于严重失调或中度失调状态,只有极个别资源型城市达到勉强协调水平及以上。此外,2022年资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境的耦合协调水平较2020年有所上升,虽然辽源市下降为极度失调状态,但阳泉市、济宁市与长治市等多个城市耦合协调水平有所上升,其中表现最为突出的是榆林市与鄂尔多斯市,耦合协调水平上升了两级。
2020—2022年,无论从城市类型还是地区来看,绝大多数资源型城市均处于严重失调或中度失调状态,耦合协调水平差异较小。
根据障碍度模型,2020—2022年我国84个资源型城市矿产、经济、矿山环境系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见表4。由表4可知,2020—2022年矿产、经济、矿山环境系统中各障碍因子的障碍度变化不大。我国资源型城市矿产系统的主要障碍集中于矿产品的生产、销售与利润方面,排名前三的障碍因子分别为矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与城市矿山企业利润总额。这可能是因为资源型城市矿产开发与利用体系完整,矿业产业链较为成熟,矿山个数、矿石产量等客观条件并不是矿产系统发展的主要障碍,而矿产品的生产销售等经济效益,即矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与城市矿山企业利润总额是矿产系统发展的主要障碍,需要重点关注。
经济系统的主要障碍集中于进出口贸易、企业盈利能力与科技发展水平,排名前三的障碍因子分别为进出口贸易总额、规模以上工业企业利润与专利授权数。由于2020—2022年我国正处于疫情防控阶段,进出口贸易与企业经营遭受重大冲击,加上科学技术创新一直是我国产业转型、经济高质量发展的重要限制因素。因此,我国资源型城市经济系统的主要障碍因子为进出口贸易总额、规模以上工业企业利润与专利授权数。
矿山环境系统的主要障碍集中于矿山环境治理恢复方面,排名前三的障碍因子分别为累计恢复治理面积、当年恢复治理面积和当年恢复治理投资额,其中累计恢复治理面积的障碍度最高,远超其他障碍因子,2020—2022年的障碍度分别为66.70%、67.01%与66.37%。这表明矿山环境的治理并不是一蹴而就的,需久久为功,长期坚持。而污染破坏层各指标的障碍度极小,对矿山环境的影响不大。这表明对于矿山环境系统来说,相较于矿山环境污染破坏等指标,加大矿山环境恢复治理方面的投入才是推动资源型城市矿山环境治理的重中之重。
与此同时,为深入分析不同类型与不同地区资源型城市障碍因子与障碍度的差异,对2020—2022年不同类型与不同地区资源型城市障碍因子的障碍度均值进行分析与比较。
不同类型资源型城市矿产系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见表5。由表5可知,矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与城市矿山企业利润总额依然是矿产系统发展的主要障碍因子。但与其他类型资源型城市相比,成长型城市矿山企业利润总额的障碍度最高,为19.51%;成熟型城市矿产品销售收入与矿山工业总产值的障碍度最高,分别为21.53%与20.96%。这说明成长型城市处于资源开发的上升阶段,资源保障潜力大,成长型城市需重点关注集约生产、提高矿山企业利润水平。而成熟型城市资源开发处于稳定阶段,更应通过提高企业管理效率、创新矿产开发与利用技术等,提高矿产品生产与销售活力,增加销售收入与矿山工业总产值。
不同地区资源型城市矿产系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见表6。由表6可知,与其他地区相比,中部地区较为特殊,其矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与城市矿山企业利润总额的障碍度最高,分别为21.52%、20.96%和18.65%。这同样说明,相较于东部地区与西部地区,中部地区在矿产系统经济效益方面更加薄弱。中部地区资源型城市更应重视矿产品的生产与销售环节,并不断提高矿产品的附加值,增加矿山企业利润总额。
不同类型资源型城市经济系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见表7。由表7可知,进出口贸易总额、规模以上工业企业利润与专利授权数依然是矿产系统发展的主要障碍因子。与其他类型资源型城市相比,成长型城市进出口贸易总额与专利授权数对经济发展的障碍度最高,分别为27.41%与18.49%。再生型城市规模以上工业企业利润的障碍度最高,为21.04%,远超其他类型资源型城市。这说明进出口贸易总额与专利授权数,即进出口贸易与科技发展水平对成长型城市经济发展的阻碍更大。成长型城市更加需要关注对外开放与科技水平,通过政策引导、融资鼓励与财政支持,引入先进的人才、资本、技术,推动资源型城市开放发展,提高科技研发水平。同理,再生型城市更应关注工业企业的盈利能力,拓宽产业链,打造新的利润增长点,为经济发展提供动力。
不同地区资源型城市经济系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见如表8。由表8可知,与其他地区相比,西部地区进出口贸易总额与专利授权数对经济发展的障碍度最高,分别为25.83%与17.77%。东部地区规模以上工业企业利润的障碍度最高,为20.29%。这同样说明,与其他地区资源型城市相比,西部地区应更注重提高对外开放程度与科技创新水平,打破二者的掣肘,推动经济高质量发展。东部地区更应提高工业企业的盈利能力,推动经济可持续发展。
不同类型资源型城市矿山环境系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见表9。由表9可知,不同类型资源型城市矿山环境系统的主要障碍因子同样集中于治理恢复要素层,即累计恢复治理面积、当年恢复治理面积和当年恢复治理投资额这3个指标。但与其他类型资源型城市相比,成长型城市较为特殊,其累计恢复治理面积的障碍度为71.01%,明显高于其他类型资源型城市,但当年恢复治理面积与当年恢复治理投资额的障碍度分别为13.98%与14.98%,明显低于其他类型资源型城市。这说明成长型城市更应长期坚持矿山环境的恢复治理,致力解决历史遗留矿山环境问题,增加矿山累计恢复治理面积。
不同地区资源型城市矿山环境系统各障碍因子的障碍度统计见表10。由表10可知,中部地区当年恢复治理面积与当年恢复治理投资额的障碍度最高,分别为17.23%与16.84%。西部地区累计恢复治理面积的障碍度为67.63%,明显高于其他地区资源型城市。这说明中部地区更应增加矿山治理投资,推动当年矿山环境的恢复治理。西部地区更应加快解决历史遗留矿山环境问题,增加矿山累计恢复治理面积。
基于本文研究,给出资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合发展的3点建议。第一,资源型城市不仅要加强政策引导与财政支持,着力提高矿产开发、经济发展与矿山环境保护水平,还要打破各种体制机制桎梏,推动各主体各部门协同运作,减少系统间协调成本,推动矿产资源开发、经济发展、矿山环境治理良性循环与协调发展。第二,资源型城市要通过优化产业链,培育壮大行业增长新动能,加强成本精细管控,提高矿山工业总产值、矿产品销售收入与企业利润,努力克服矿产系统的主要障碍;通过优化营商环境、促进产业升级和结构优化,推动技术创新和数字化转型,促进进出口贸易,提高企业利润与科技水平,努力克服经济系统的主要障碍;通过加大财政投入力度、实施严格环境规制措施、大力发展绿色矿业,促进矿山环境的治理与恢复。第三,应根据资源型城市的类型与所在地区对我国资源型城市进行分类施策、因地制宜、精准治理,从而推动资源型城市高质量发展。此外,鉴于资源型城市矿山与经济数据的可得性,本研究仅分析了2020—2022年资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境耦合协调发展情况,未来研究应考虑在获得更长时间序列数据的基础上,对其动态演变过程进行深入探究。
本研究运用综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,对2020—2022年我国84个资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境综合评价指数、耦合协调度与障碍因子进行了分析,并探讨了不同类型、不同地区资源型城市间的差异,主要研究结论如下。
(1)2020—2022年我国资源型城市的矿产、经济及矿山环境综合评价指数均有所上升,但受资源禀赋、政策导向等因素的影响,不同类型、不同地区资源型城市的差异明显。成长型城市资源开发处于上升阶段,属于“边开发边治理”;再生型城市基本摆脱了资源依赖,经济社会良性发展;衰退型城市资源趋于枯竭,经济发展乏力,历史遗留环境问题严重,生态环境压力大。东部地区经济发达,但缺乏矿产资源;西部地区经济欠发达,但矿产资源丰富,矿山环境治理成效明显。
(2)2020—2022年我国资源型城市矿产-经济-矿山环境的耦合协调度较低,绝大部分资源型城市都处于严重失调或中度失调状态,只有极个别资源型城市达到初级协调水平及以上。虽然2020—2022年矿产、经济、矿山环境三者之间相互影响作用较小,但三者之间耦合协调水平不断提升。不同类型、不同地区资源型城市间的耦合协调水平差异较小。
(3)矿产系统的主要障碍因子为矿产品销售收入、矿山工业总产值与城市矿山企业利润总额;经济系统的主要障碍因子为进出口贸易总额、规模以上工业企业利润与专利授权数;矿山环境系统的主要障碍因子为当年恢复治理面积、累计恢复治理面积和当年恢复治理投资额。不同类型、不同地区资源型城市障碍因子的障碍度存在一定差异。一方面,受疫情影响,矿产品生产销售的经济效益、进出口贸易、企业盈利能力、科技创新能力成为资源型城市矿业与经济发展的主要障碍;另一方面,矿山环境的治理需久久为功,长期坚持,对资源型城市矿山环境的恢复治理是推动矿山环境治理的重中之重。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42101226)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42101226)
作者信息
    中国地质大学(北京) 经济管理学院,北京 100083

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劳昕(1988—),女,广西北海人,博士,副教授,主要从事区域经济方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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