Article(id=1322904481339416589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322844250153275555, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793334606728, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793334606728, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793334606728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793334606728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322844250153275555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793320246494, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793320246494, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=17, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322904483499483150, articleId=1322904481339416589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimization and Application of Vertical Isolation Columns in the Deep Mining of Gently Inclined Thick Ore Bodies, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of vertical isolation columns on the stability of surrounding rock during the deep mining of gently inclined thick ore bodies, a numerical simulation method was used to compare and analyze the settlement, stress, and plastic zone changes of surrounding rocks under four different schemes for a deep mining project of an iron mine in Shandong. The optimization ratio of vertical isolation columns per unit volume was proposed, and the scheme was optimized on this basis. The results indicate that the volume and position of vertical isolation columns in the deep mining process of gently inclined thick ore bodies have a decisive impact on their optimization effect. The optimal scheme is to leave a vertical isolation column with a width of 20 m and a thickness of 41 m on the 8# vertical survey line where the settlement peak is generated (Scheme 4), which generates the maximum unit volume optimization ratio of settlement peak, stress peak, and plastic zone. Compared to Scheme 2, Scheme 4 can ensure the stability of the surrounding rocks more effectively. Compared to Scheme 3, Scheme 4 can extract an additional 461 700 tons of iron ore and 272 403 tons of refined iron ore powder, increasing the net profit of the enterprise by about 54.48 million yuan and increasing the net profit income by about 11.20%. The research results can provide some reference for the optimization and application of vertical isolation column retention schemes in similar mines.

, authors=Guolu WANG1, Zening SUN2, Jing ZHANG3, Yong ZHANG4, Huaijia WANG4, Yu CONG1, Yanjun WANG5, Xiaoming LIANG5, authorsList=Guolu WANG, Zening SUN, Jing ZHANG, Yong ZHANG, Huaijia WANG, Yu CONG, Yanjun WANG, Xiaoming LIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zening SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322904494803132466, articleId=1322904481339416589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=缓倾厚大矿体深部开采垂直隔离间柱优化与应用, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究垂直隔离间柱对缓倾厚大矿体深部开采过程中围岩稳定性的影响,针对山东某铁矿深部开采工程,采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了4组方案下围岩沉降、应力及塑性区变化,提出垂直隔离间柱单位体积优化比率,并据此对方案进行优选。结果表明:缓倾厚大矿体深部开采过程中垂直隔离间柱的留设体积和留设位置对其优化效果起着决定性影响;在产生沉降峰值的8#垂勘线留设宽度为20 m、厚度为41 m的垂直隔离间柱(方案4)产生的沉降峰值、应力峰值和塑性区单位体积优化比率最大,为最优方案;方案4较方案2可更有效地保障围岩的稳定性,较方案3可多开采出461 700 t铁矿石,多提取出272 403 t的铁矿石精粉,为企业增加约纯利润约5 448 万元,提高约11.20%的纯利润收入。研究结果可为同类型矿山的垂直隔离间柱留设方案优化与应用提供一定借鉴。

, authors=王国禄1, 孙泽宁2, 张静3, 张勇4, 王怀佳4, 丛宇1, 王艳军5, 梁小明5, authorsList=王国禄, 孙泽宁, 张静, 张勇, 王怀佳, 丛宇, 王艳军, 梁小明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙泽宁, authorNote=

王国禄(1999—),男,山东滨州人,硕士研究生,主要研究金属矿山采矿方法优化及围岩稳定性分析。E-mail:

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孙泽宁(1996—),男,山东青岛人,博士研究生,主要研究岩石力学。E-mail:
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王国禄(1999—),男,山东滨州人,硕士研究生,主要研究金属矿山采矿方法优化及围岩稳定性分析。E-mail:

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王国禄(1999—),男,山东滨州人,硕士研究生,主要研究金属矿山采矿方法优化及围岩稳定性分析。E-mail:

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007(5):922-928., articleTitle=Study on mechanical response of highly-stressed pillars in deep mining under dynamic disturbance, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322904534980370604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, awardId=52179104; 42272334; 42207201, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52179104; 42272334; 42207201), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322904496006897715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322904496015286324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, companyId=1322904496006897715, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266520, China), 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language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Column retention of the ore body model in the excavation area of each scheme, figureFileSmall=60YBfR4ngqMMziClNR20Pg==, figureFileBig=WIZ4RvPdOaaJlcq1Qvxptg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904515720126591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各方案开采区矿体模型间柱留设示意, figureFileSmall=60YBfR4ngqMMziClNR20Pg==, figureFileBig=WIZ4RvPdOaaJlcq1Qvxptg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904516097613952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Model profiles, figureFileSmall=Ti9+HFu1gOL4SJ8nPu3lDQ==, figureFileBig=Rx8U3Y60Ol3KHZUaGC5JqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904516533821569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模型分析剖面, figureFileSmall=Ti9+HFu1gOL4SJ8nPu3lDQ==, figureFileBig=Rx8U3Y60Ol3KHZUaGC5JqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904516949057666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schematic diagram of the layering of the mine room in the excavation area, figureFileSmall=j4wAAIZI1l8cU4INlXqk9w==, figureFileBig=qS+YyRPzOW/V9HjBzchAhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904517397848195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图5, caption=开采区矿房分层示意

注:图中数字代表开挖矿体层数,即数字2代表第二层开挖矿体。

, figureFileSmall=j4wAAIZI1l8cU4INlXqk9w==, figureFileBig=qS+YyRPzOW/V9HjBzchAhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904519037821061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Displacement simulation results of profile A, figureFileSmall=PUjh3aLGw1twVXL2pJlLtw==, figureFileBig=HKTfdQ4NMCQUr15DdiHQyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904519146872966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图6, caption=A剖面位移模拟结果, figureFileSmall=PUjh3aLGw1twVXL2pJlLtw==, figureFileBig=HKTfdQ4NMCQUr15DdiHQyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904519213981831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Displacement simulation results of profile B, figureFileSmall=KYk2INP9z2SaN/ZizErMwA==, figureFileBig=rpZzfqhdTW5u/cYr7CZmnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904519457251464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图7, caption=B剖面位移模拟结果, figureFileSmall=KYk2INP9z2SaN/ZizErMwA==, figureFileBig=rpZzfqhdTW5u/cYr7CZmnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904519520166025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of optimization ratios of peak settlement, figureFileSmall=u0aT1Nyzw8jdAsVrUtWk2Q==, figureFileBig=ae9v949dr2fLTYG4VbUpaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904519935402122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图8, caption=沉降峰值优化比例对比, figureFileSmall=u0aT1Nyzw8jdAsVrUtWk2Q==, figureFileBig=ae9v949dr2fLTYG4VbUpaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904520363221131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Simulation results of plastic zone in profile A, figureFileSmall=ga8Q4kHykwV5KJLg6ALJtw==, figureFileBig=E+HRcSu+QoCjY37uruu5PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904520715542668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图9, caption=A剖面塑性区模拟结果, figureFileSmall=ga8Q4kHykwV5KJLg6ALJtw==, figureFileBig=E+HRcSu+QoCjY37uruu5PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904520832983181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Simulation results of plastic zone in profile B, figureFileSmall=wBcL6rEKUtGiKkqkXl3e7w==, figureFileBig=vanwfKuJkkmwheQkK7mJsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904521139167374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图10, caption=B剖面塑性区模拟结果, figureFileSmall=wBcL6rEKUtGiKkqkXl3e7w==, figureFileBig=vanwfKuJkkmwheQkK7mJsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904521206276239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of optimization ratios in the plastic zone volume, figureFileSmall=mdOncNcy2/FCH52lmN5b3Q==, figureFileBig=eaA4gfMm+84WLJqt0CRiYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904521281773712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=图11, caption=塑性区体积优化比例对比, figureFileSmall=mdOncNcy2/FCH52lmN5b3Q==, figureFileBig=eaA4gfMm+84WLJqt0CRiYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904521634095249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Stress simulation results of profile A, figureFileSmall=F0zU40YC6N30+lRSKFZ52Q==, figureFileBig=u691Jb8dhQDDBV8uc6gcUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904521973833874, 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figureFileBig=gpsTpXwFj2MBVRsPPx1eIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322904524993732762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical-mechanical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料弹性模量/GPa泊松比容重/(kN/m3)内摩擦角/(°)黏聚力/MPa
铁矿石9.900.2235.427.10.11
大理岩13.200.2825.442.90.96
闪长岩30.000.1926.148.02.10
矽卡岩2.100.3026.333.01.50
充填体0.910.2816.216.00.28
垂直隔离间柱9.900.2235.427.10.11
), ArticleFig(id=1322904525354442907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料弹性模量/GPa泊松比容重/(kN/m3)内摩擦角/(°)黏聚力/MPa
铁矿石9.900.2235.427.10.11
大理岩13.200.2825.442.90.96
闪长岩30.000.1926.148.02.10
矽卡岩2.100.3026.333.01.50
充填体0.910.2816.216.00.28
垂直隔离间柱9.900.2235.427.10.11
), ArticleFig(id=1322904525740318876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Vertical separation column retention program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间柱方案间柱位置间柱宽度/m间柱高度间柱体积/m3
方案1————
方案25#垂勘线15–159~–200 m水平
(共41 m)
116 550
10#垂勘线10
方案35#垂勘线15–159~–200 m水平 (共41 m)209 025
8#垂勘线15
10#垂勘线10
方案48#垂勘线20–159~–200 m水平
(共41 m)
116 550
), ArticleFig(id=1322904526193303709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

垂直隔离间柱留设方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间柱方案间柱位置间柱宽度/m间柱高度间柱体积/m3
方案1————
方案25#垂勘线15–159~–200 m水平
(共41 m)
116 550
10#垂勘线10
方案35#垂勘线15–159~–200 m水平 (共41 m)209 025
8#垂勘线15
10#垂勘线10
方案48#垂勘线20–159~–200 m水平
(共41 m)
116 550
), ArticleFig(id=1322904526616928414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Excavation and filling sequence for every other mining

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤开挖充填顺序
1开挖第1层第1步矿房
2回填第1层第1步矿房,开挖第1层第2步矿房
3回填第1层第2步矿房,开挖第2层第1步矿房
4回填第2层第1步矿房,开挖第2层第2步矿房
⋯⋯
17回填第8层第2步矿房,开挖第9层第1步矿房
18回填第9层第1步矿房,开挖第9层第2步矿房
19回填第9层第2步矿房
), ArticleFig(id=1322904528277872799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

“隔一采一”开挖充填顺序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤开挖充填顺序
1开挖第1层第1步矿房
2回填第1层第1步矿房,开挖第1层第2步矿房
3回填第1层第2步矿房,开挖第2层第1步矿房
4回填第2层第1步矿房,开挖第2层第2步矿房
⋯⋯
17回填第8层第2步矿房,开挖第9层第1步矿房
18回填第9层第1步矿房,开挖第9层第2步矿房
19回填第9层第2步矿房
), ArticleFig(id=1322904528705691808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Optimization ratio of per unit volume of peak settlement to scheme 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析剖面方案2方案3方案4
A剖面11.3511.6715.33
B剖面9.5917.8522.30
), ArticleFig(id=1322904529150288033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

沉降峰值较方案 1 的单位体积优化比率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析剖面方案2方案3方案4
A剖面11.3511.6715.33
B剖面9.5917.8522.30
), ArticleFig(id=1322904529557135522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Plastic zone volume for each scheme and optimization ratio to scheme 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案塑性区体积/m3较方案1优化比例/%
方案16 126 620—
方案24 517 30026.27
方案34 000 99034.69
方案44 304 59329.74
), ArticleFig(id=1322904530416967843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各方案塑性区体积及较方案 1优化比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案塑性区体积/m3较方案1优化比例/%
方案16 126 620—
方案24 517 30026.27
方案34 000 99034.69
方案44 304 59329.74
), ArticleFig(id=1322904530500853924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Optimization ratio of per unit volume of plastic zone to scheme 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案2方案3方案4
22.5416.6025.52
), ArticleFig(id=1322904530786066597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

塑性区较方案 1 的单位体积优化比率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案2方案3方案4
22.5416.6025.52
), ArticleFig(id=1322904532476371111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Optimized ratio of per unit volume of peak stress to scheme 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析剖面方案2方案3方案4
A剖面7.14×10–39.85×10–31.17×10–2
B剖面7.96×10–53.82×10–32.46×10–2
), ArticleFig(id=1322904532577034408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

应力峰值较方案 1 的单位体积优化比率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析剖面方案2方案3方案4
A剖面7.14×10–39.85×10–31.17×10–2
B剖面7.96×10–53.82×10–32.46×10–2
), ArticleFig(id=1322904533302649001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Technical and economic indicators for each program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间柱方案铁矿石总蕴藏量/t可采出矿石量/t回采率/%铁矿石精粉产量/t铁矿粉提取率/%
方案15 217 480————
方案25 217 4804 585 68087.892 705 551.259.00
方案35 217 4804 123 98079.042 433 148.259.00
方案45 217 4804 585 68087.892 705 551.259.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322904534128926890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322904481339416589, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

各方案技术经济指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间柱方案铁矿石总蕴藏量/t可采出矿石量/t回采率/%铁矿石精粉产量/t铁矿粉提取率/%
方案15 217 480————
方案25 217 4804 585 68087.892 705 551.259.00
方案35 217 4804 123 98079.042 433 148.259.00
方案45 217 4804 585 68087.892 705 551.259.00
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缓倾厚大矿体深部开采垂直隔离间柱优化与应用
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王国禄 1 , 孙泽宁 2 , 张静 3 , 张勇 4 , 王怀佳 4 , 丛宇 1 , 王艳军 5 , 梁小明 5
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(5): 17-26
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (5) : 17 -26
缓倾厚大矿体深部开采垂直隔离间柱优化与应用
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王国禄(1999—),男,山东滨州人,硕士研究生,主要研究金属矿山采矿方法优化及围岩稳定性分析。E-mail:

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王国禄(1999—),男,山东滨州人,硕士研究生,主要研究金属矿山采矿方法优化及围岩稳定性分析。E-mail:

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101301)])])]
王国禄1 , 孙泽宁2 , 张静3, 张勇4, 王怀佳4, 丛宇1, 王艳军5, 梁小明5
作者信息
  • 1.青岛理工大学 土木工程学院,山东 青岛市 266520
  • 2.青岛理工大学理学院,山东 青岛市 266520
  • 3.山东北方创信防水科技集团股份有限公司,山东 滨州市 251900
  • 4.莱芜钢铁集团莱芜矿业有限公司,山东 济南 250013
  • 5.北京城建北方集团有限公司,北京 101301
通讯作者:
孙泽宁(1996—),男,山东青岛人,博士研究生,主要研究岩石力学。E-mail:
作者简介:

王国禄(1999—),男,山东滨州人,硕士研究生,主要研究金属矿山采矿方法优化及围岩稳定性分析。E-mail:

Optimization and Application of Vertical Isolation Columns in the Deep Mining of Gently Inclined Thick Ore Bodies
Guolu WANG1 , Zening SUN2 , Jing ZHANG3, Yong ZHANG4, Huaijia WANG4, Yu CONG1, Yanjun WANG5, Xiaoming LIANG5
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266520, China
  • 2.School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266520, China
  • 3.Shandong North Chuangxin Waterproof Technology Group Co., Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong 251900, China
  • 4.Laiwu Iron & Steel Group Laiwu Mining Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
  • 5.Beijing Urban Construction North Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101301, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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为探究垂直隔离间柱对缓倾厚大矿体深部开采过程中围岩稳定性的影响,针对山东某铁矿深部开采工程,采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了4组方案下围岩沉降、应力及塑性区变化,提出垂直隔离间柱单位体积优化比率,并据此对方案进行优选。结果表明:缓倾厚大矿体深部开采过程中垂直隔离间柱的留设体积和留设位置对其优化效果起着决定性影响;在产生沉降峰值的8#垂勘线留设宽度为20 m、厚度为41 m的垂直隔离间柱(方案4)产生的沉降峰值、应力峰值和塑性区单位体积优化比率最大,为最优方案;方案4较方案2可更有效地保障围岩的稳定性,较方案3可多开采出461 700 t铁矿石,多提取出272 403 t的铁矿石精粉,为企业增加约纯利润约5 448 万元,提高约11.20%的纯利润收入。研究结果可为同类型矿山的垂直隔离间柱留设方案优化与应用提供一定借鉴。

缓倾厚大矿体  /  垂直隔离间柱  /  深部开采  /  单位体积优化比率  /  数值模拟

To investigate the effect of vertical isolation columns on the stability of surrounding rock during the deep mining of gently inclined thick ore bodies, a numerical simulation method was used to compare and analyze the settlement, stress, and plastic zone changes of surrounding rocks under four different schemes for a deep mining project of an iron mine in Shandong. The optimization ratio of vertical isolation columns per unit volume was proposed, and the scheme was optimized on this basis. The results indicate that the volume and position of vertical isolation columns in the deep mining process of gently inclined thick ore bodies have a decisive impact on their optimization effect. The optimal scheme is to leave a vertical isolation column with a width of 20 m and a thickness of 41 m on the 8# vertical survey line where the settlement peak is generated (Scheme 4), which generates the maximum unit volume optimization ratio of settlement peak, stress peak, and plastic zone. Compared to Scheme 2, Scheme 4 can ensure the stability of the surrounding rocks more effectively. Compared to Scheme 3, Scheme 4 can extract an additional 461 700 tons of iron ore and 272 403 tons of refined iron ore powder, increasing the net profit of the enterprise by about 54.48 million yuan and increasing the net profit income by about 11.20%. The research results can provide some reference for the optimization and application of vertical isolation column retention schemes in similar mines.

Gently inclined thick ore body  /  Vertical isolation column  /  Deep mining  /  Unit volume optimization ratio  /  Numerical simulation
王国禄, 孙泽宁, 张静, 张勇, 王怀佳, 丛宇, 王艳军, 梁小明. 缓倾厚大矿体深部开采垂直隔离间柱优化与应用. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (5) : 17 -26 .
Guolu WANG, Zening SUN, Jing ZHANG, Yong ZHANG, Huaijia WANG, Yu CONG, Yanjun WANG, Xiaoming LIANG. Optimization and Application of Vertical Isolation Columns in the Deep Mining of Gently Inclined Thick Ore Bodies[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (5) : 17 -26 .
随着地球浅部矿产资源逐渐枯竭,矿山资源开采逐渐走向深部[1-3]。而随着开采深度的增加,常伴随着冲击地压[4-6]、冒顶[7]、岩爆[8-10]等事故,会造成大量人员伤亡和经济损失。隔离间柱可有效阻止以上事故的发生,维护采空区围岩稳定,对矿产资源开发和矿山安全至关重要[11]。近年来,众多学者对隔离间柱进行了相关研究。吕冠颖等[12]采用数值模拟的方法,对某铁矿深部开采水平隔离间柱的留设厚度进行了优化,得到了符合稳定性要求的最小厚度为20 m。王文军等[13]采用理论分析、数值模拟和相似材料物理仿真试验相结合的方法,对深部开采过程中隔离矿柱的承载机理和厚度进行了研究,结果表明,能够满足安全生产需求的原岩隔离矿柱厚度为25m。李夕兵等[14]对内蒙古某铅锌矿深部崩落转充填开采过程中的水平隔离矿柱稳定性进行了研究,为实现矿山的安全高效开采提供了理论依据。严振湘等[15]根据杏山铁矿的实际开采条件,对中段隔离矿柱厚度进行了研究,得出当隔离矿柱厚度为20 m时能够满足安全开采要求的结论。
上述研究主要通过不同的研究方法对水平隔离间柱的稳定性和留设厚度等方面进行了研究与优化,对垂直隔离间柱的相关研究与优化较少。本文以山东某铁矿深部开采为研究对象,在三维精细化地质模型的基础上,通过数值模拟的方法对比各方案下围岩沉降、应力及塑性区变化,分析了垂直隔离间柱对围岩稳定性的影响,提出了垂直隔离间柱单位体积优化比率,在保障安全经济开采的前提下,通过优化比率对方案进行优选。同时模型的精细程度保障了模拟结果的准确性和可靠度,为应用于实际生产过程打下了良好的基础,该研究对类似矿山垂直隔离间柱的优化与应用具有一定的借鉴意义。
山东某铁矿矿体主要为磁铁矿,赋存于大理岩与闪长岩的接触带。矿体的长度约为2 300m,平均厚度为14.96 m,最厚处达到90.81 m。矿体的走向为 SE 至 NW,倾向为NE,倾角为30°~40°。矿体埋深在−56~−962 m, 海拔标高在+117.85~−790 m。矿体围岩主要由大理岩、蚀变闪长岩、矽卡岩化闪长岩以及矽卡岩组成。矿体顶板主要由大理岩组成,其厚度较大且呈块状结构。矿体底板主要是闪长岩,具有块状结构,致密且坚硬。
根据矿区实际地质勘察资料,应用SURPAC软件构建各围岩及矿体的块体模型,将矿区块体模型数据转化为数值计算模型数据后,应用FLAC3D软件建立数值计算模型,再根据矿区各开挖水平实测CAD图纸,对计算模型开挖进路各水平进行细化,最终构建矿区三维精细化地质模型。所建模型尺寸(长×宽×高)为520 m×460m×305 m,深部开采区矿体蕴藏水平为−159~−200 m,开采矿体层厚为4.5 m。所建模型真实还原了矿区深部开采实际布置情况,可准确反映出开采区域某个坐标点的沉降、应力和塑性区变化,确保了数值模拟结果的准确性和可靠度,整体计算模型如图1所示。
垂直隔离间柱与矿体顶板和底板相连,将其视作上、下两端固定的等截面简支梁。其地质力学模型如图2所示。数值计算中,垂直隔离间柱岩体采用理想弹塑性模型,屈服准则采用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,屈服函数[16]如下:
式中:Nφ=(1+sinφ)/(1−sinφ),其中φ为内摩擦角;σ1,σ3分别为最大和最小主应力;c为黏聚力;σt为岩石抗拉强度;fs为抗剪屈服函数;ft为抗拉屈服函数。当岩体内某一点应力满足fs<0时,发生剪切破坏;当岩体内某一点ft>0时,发生拉伸破坏。
各岩层及充填体的物理力学参数见表1。
根据矿山工程实际共设置4组方案,方案1为无垂直隔离间柱开采,方案2延续矿区浅部开采(−50~−150 m水平)时间柱留设方案,方案3和方案4在前两方案的基础上进行优化。各方案详细介绍见表2。
各方案开采区矿体模型间柱留设示意见图3,其中8#垂勘线附近为产生沉降峰值位置。
为了从多角度、全方位地分析不同垂直隔离间柱留设方案对围岩稳定性的影响,选取两类剖面进行分析。其一为矿区标志性垂剖面,记作A剖面,见图4(a),该标志性剖面包含着该铁矿深部开采过程中切面面积最大且延伸长度最长的矿体,为矿区重点关注对象;其二为各水平分析剖面,记作B剖面,见图4(b),可全面地展示各开采水平矿体及围岩位移、应力及塑性区变化。由此,建立了多角度全方位的分析视角,对模拟结果进行全面覆盖、重点突出、层次分明的分析。
模型边界条件采用位移约束,模型四周及底端采用固定约束,模型顶部根据上部岩体自重等效施加2.92 MPa荷载,开挖区矿体共分为9层,每层厚4.5m,开采区矿房分层见图5。
采用自上而下“隔一采一”的充填采矿法对−159~−200 m水平矿体进行开采,详细开采流程见表3。
本阶段矿体开挖完成后,围岩主要产生竖向位移。图6为A剖面竖向位移云图,B剖面选取矿区整体模型产生竖向沉降峰值的水平剖面展开分析,见图7。由图6可知,位于开采区矿体中部的矿体及上盘大理岩产生的沉降较大,A剖面方案1至方案4产生的沉降峰值分别为:122.75 mm、106.51mm、92.81 mm、100.82 mm,方案1沉降峰值最大,方案2次之,方案3最小。由图7可知,B剖面方案1至方案4整体模型产生的沉降峰值分别为:160.40 mm、142.48 mm、100.56 mm、118.72 mm,沉降峰值大小关系同A剖面一致。可见垂直隔离间柱可减小沉降峰值及竖向沉降的范围。
4组方案下产生的整体竖向沉降峰值中,未留设间柱的方案1沉降峰值最大;相比之下,方案2与方案3因间柱留设体积逐步增加,沉降峰值相应减小;对比方案2和方案4,在相同间柱留设体积的情况下,方案4的沉降峰值更小。
方案2、方案3及方案4沉降峰值较方案1沉降峰值优化比例如图8所示,方案2至方案4对于A剖面沉降峰值优化比例分别为13.23%、24.39%、17.87%;对于B剖面沉降峰值优化比例分别为11.17%、37.31%、25.99%。可见方案3及方案4优化比例均大于方案2,为较优方案。
为更准确地对比各方案垂直隔离间柱的优化效果,将每1 000 m3的垂直隔离间柱产生的优化比例视作间柱单位体积优化比率,方案2至方案4沉降峰值较方案1的单位体积优化比率见表4。由表4可知,对于A剖面及B剖面方案4的单位体积优化比率均最大,方案3次之,方案2最小。各方案单位体积优化比率表明垂直隔离间柱的留设位置是其对沉降峰值优化效果的决定性影响因素,在方案1无垂直隔离间柱开采工况下产生沉降峰值处留设合理体积、单一位置的垂直隔离间柱,可更有效地发挥间柱的作用,减小围岩沉降。
深部矿体开挖后采场内的塑性区范围及体积可反映围岩内破坏程度,因此用其来表征围岩的稳定性。本阶段矿体开采完成后A剖面及B剖面塑性区分布如图9、图10所示。由此可知,塑性区主要分布在开挖区矿体及上盘大理岩,矿体下盘闪长岩未出现明显的塑性区,塑性区主要向岩性较差的大理岩发展。矿体部分呈剪切-张拉破坏,间柱主要发生剪切破坏。垂直隔离间柱对开挖区矿体中部的塑性区发展影响较明显,有效抑制了塑性区向上盘大理岩发展。
提取塑性区体积进行对比分析,各方案整体模型塑性区体积及其他3个方案较方案1优化比例见表5。未留设间柱的方案1塑性区体积最大;相比之下,方案2与方案3因间柱留设体积逐步增加,塑性区体积相应减小;对比方案2及方案4,在相同间柱留设体积的情况下,方案4产生的塑性区体积更小。
根据表5数据,将方案2至方案4塑性区体积较方案1优化比例汇总,结果见图11。方案2至方案4对于矿区模型整体塑性区体积优化比例分别为:26.27%、34.69%、29.74%。可见方案3及方案4的优化比例均大于方案2,为较优方案。
方案2至方案4矿区整体模型垂直隔离间柱对塑性区体积的单位体积优化比率见表6。由表6可知,方案4的优化比率最大,方案2次之,方案3最小。各方案塑性区单位体积优化比率同样表明垂直隔离间柱的留设位置是其对塑性区体积优化效果的决定性影响因素,方案4垂直隔离间柱的留设方式,可更有效地发挥间柱抑制塑性区发展的作用,可更有效地维护围岩的稳定性。
深部矿体开采后,应力的初始平衡状态被打破,应力重分布后达到新的平衡。图12和图13分别为本阶段矿体开采完成后A剖面和B剖面应力分布情况。对于A剖面而言,各方案应力峰值均位于开挖区矿体与上盘大理岩接触的左下角和右上角,这两处产生应力集中。方案1至方案4压应力峰值分别为:28.330 MPa、28.094MPa、27.747 MPa、27.943 MPa。对于矿区整体模型B剖面而言,各方案压应力峰值均位于开挖区矿体与围岩接触处的左上方和右上方,产生应力集中现象。方案1至方案4压应力峰值分别为:32.333 MPa、32.330 MPa、32.075 MPa、31.405 MPa。对于A剖面,方案1压应力最大,方案3最小;对于B剖面,方案1压应力最大,方案4最小。
4组方案下产生的应力峰值中,未留设间柱的方案1应力峰值最大;相比之下,方案2与方案3因间柱留设体积逐步增加,应力峰值相应减小;对比方案2和方案4,相同间柱留设体积的情况下,方案4产生了更小的压应力峰值。
方案2至方案4应力峰值较方案1应力峰值优化比例,如图14所示。对于A剖面而言,方案2至方案4应力峰值优化比例分别为:0.83%、2.06%、1.37%。对于B剖面而言,方案2至方案4优化比例分别为:0.01%、0.8%、2.87%。可见方案3及方案4的优化比例均大于方案2,为较优方案。
方案2至方案4应力峰值较方案1的单位体积优化比率见表7。由表7可知,方案4均产生了最大的单位体积优化比率,方案3次之,方案2最小。同样表明垂直隔离间柱的留设位置是其对压应力峰值优化效果的决定性因素,在方案1无垂直隔离间柱留设方案下产生沉降峰值处留设合理体积、单一位置的垂直隔离间柱,可减小开挖过程中最大压应力值,缓解应力集中现象。
通过“现场地质勘察调研+数值模拟研究优化+工程实际应用”的模式,研究结果已成功应用于本矿山−50~−150 m水平的矿产资源开采中,垂直隔离间柱留设同方案4,间柱有效维护了围岩的稳定性,取得了良好的工程实际应用效果,图15为矿区浅部开采垂直隔离间柱留设示意。
本矿山的主要产品为铁矿石经过破碎、磨碎、选矿等加工处理成的铁矿石精粉。各方案主要技术经济指标见表8,由表8可知,本阶段深部开采所蕴藏的铁矿石约为5 217 480 t,方案1不满足安全开采的要求,方案3可采出铁矿石4 123 980 t,矿石回采率为79.04%,最终可提取出约2 433 148.2 t的铁矿石精粉。方案2和方案4均可采出4 585 680 t的铁矿石,矿石回采率为87.89%,最终可提取出约2 705 551.2 t的铁矿石精粉。在相同的铁矿石精粉提取量的情况下,方案4可更好地保障深部开采过程中围岩稳定性,为最优方案,较方案3可多提取出272 403 t的铁矿石精粉。按照矿山实际生产经营情况,铁矿石精粉平均售价约为1 000 元/t,每吨精粉生产成本约为800 元。计算可得,方案4较方案3可为本矿山多带来纯利润约5 448 万元,在保障安全经济开采的同时,提高了约11.20%的纯利润收入。
通过数值模拟的方法,对4组方案进行优选,依据垂直隔离间柱产生的单位体积优化比率确定最优方案。同时介绍了矿山垂直隔离间柱应用情况,以及数值模拟研究分析可为矿山带来的技术经济指标,得出以下主要结论。
(1)4组方案中,方案1产生的沉降峰值、应力峰值及塑性区体积均最大,难以满足矿区安全开采的要求;方案3间柱留设位置过多、留设体积过大,铁矿石的回采率较低,难以满足矿山经济开采的要求;方案4与方案2在间柱留设体积相同的情况下,留设单一位置的垂直隔离间柱产生的沉降峰值、应力峰值及塑性区体积更小,更有利于铁矿石的回采,更有利于维护围岩稳定性,同时满足了安全开采和经济开采的要求。
(2)提出缓倾厚大矿体深部开采垂直隔离间柱单位体积优化比率,在对数值模拟结果分析的基础上,根据优化比率定量分析间柱的优化效果并确定最优方案。对于整体模型而言,方案4产生的沉降峰值、应力峰值以及塑性区体积的单位体积优化比率均最大,分别为22.30%、2.46×10−2、25.52%。结果表明:方案4在8#垂勘线留设宽度为20 m、厚度为41m的垂直隔离间柱为本矿山的最优留设方案。
(3)垂直隔离间柱在本矿山浅部开采过程中取得了良好的实际工程应用效果。对于深部开采,方案4在满足安全经济开采的同时,可为矿山带来更好的经济技术指标。方案4较方案2可更有效地保障围岩的稳定性;较方案3可多开采出461 700 t铁矿石,多提取出272 403 t的铁矿石精粉,可为企业增加纯利润约5 448 万元,提高约11.20%的纯利润收入。对于同类型矿山的垂直隔离间柱留设方案优选与应用具有一定的推广及借鉴意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52179104; 42272334; 42207201)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52179104; 42272334; 42207201)
作者信息
    1.青岛理工大学 土木工程学院,山东 青岛市 266520
    2.青岛理工大学理学院,山东 青岛市 266520
    3.山东北方创信防水科技集团股份有限公司,山东 滨州市 251900
    4.莱芜钢铁集团莱芜矿业有限公司,山东 济南 250013
    5.北京城建北方集团有限公司,北京 101301

通讯作者:

孙泽宁(1996—),男,山东青岛人,博士研究生,主要研究岩石力学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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