Article(id=1322595465200251366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724688000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260931538, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260931538, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260931538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260931538, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=222, endPage=228, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595465380606439, articleId=1322595465200251366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research and Analysis of Support Load Prediction Based on WOA-DBN Model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In mine production, the roof fall accident of working face is directly related to the hydraulic support. According to this theory, a prediction model based on multi-source data fusion was proposed to predict the load of hydraulic support. By studying the theory of pressure deformation characteristics of coal seam roof, the composition and working principle of hydraulic support, the bearing theory and the influence of working condition on hydraulic support, the influencing factors of load change were analyzed, and the data of key stress components were collected. The K-means clustering algorithm was used to cluster the characteristics of the data, and the load was classified and predicted. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was used to optimize the long short-term memory network (LSTM) and the deep belief neural network (DBN) respectively, and the WOA-LSTM series prediction model and the WOA-DBN series prediction model were established. The results are as follows. Firstly, the mean absolute error is reduced by 0.228 7, 0.206 4 and 0.067 7 respectively in the prediction of the front column load of 20# hydraulic support by WOA-DBN model. The root mean square error is reduced by 0.212 9, 0.195 3 and 0.072 5, respectively. Secondly, in the prediction of the rear column load of 20# hydraulic support by WOA-DBN model, the mean absolute error is reduced by 0.303 1, 0.244 6 and 0.205 4 respectively. The root mean square error is reduced by 0.291 9, 0.246 4 and 0.238 9, respectively. It can be seen that the WOA-DBN series prediction model is more suitable for load prediction and has higher accuracy.

, authors=Jie LU1, 2, Song ZHANG1, Zhiqiang YANG3, Shaochen WANG1, Zheng WEI1, Ze LIU1, authorsList=Jie LU, Song ZHANG, Zhiqiang YANG, Shaochen WANG, Zheng WEI, Ze LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595468647969272, articleId=1322595465200251366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于 WOA-DBN模型的支架载荷预测研究分析, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在矿山生产中,工作面冒顶事故与液压支架直接相关。依据这一理论,提出了一种基于多源数据融合的预测模型,用于预测液压支架的载荷。通过研究煤层顶板来压变形特性理论、液压支架的组成及工作原理、承载理论以及工作面工况对液压支架的影响,分析载荷变化的影响因素,并对关键受力元件进行数据采集。采用K均值聚类算法对数据的特征进行聚类分析,对载荷进行分类预测建模。利用鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)分别优化长短时记忆网络(LSTM)和深度信念神经网络(DBN),建立WOA-LSTM串联式预测模型和WOA-DBN串联式预测模型。结果表明,WOA-DBN模型在对20#液压支架前立柱载荷预测中,平均绝对误差分别降低了0.228 7, 0.206 4, 0.067 7;均方根误差分别降低了0.212 9, 0.195 3, 0.072 5。WOA-DBN模型对20#液压支架后立柱载荷预测中,平均绝对误差分别降低了0.303 1, 0.244 6, 0.205 4;均方根误差分别降低了0.291 9, 0.246 4, 0.238 9。可见,WOA-DBN串联式预测模型更适合载荷预测且精度更高。

, authors=鲁杰1, 2, 张松1, 杨志强3, 王劭琛1, 魏征1, 刘泽1, authorsList=鲁杰, 张松, 杨志强, 王劭琛, 魏征, 刘泽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

鲁杰(1984—),男,山西大同人,硕士,副教授,主要从事矿业系统工程、智能采矿方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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鲁杰(1984—),男,山西大同人,硕士,副教授,主要从事矿业系统工程、智能采矿方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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鲁杰(1984—),男,山西大同人,硕士,副教授,主要从事矿业系统工程、智能采矿方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology, 2022., articleTitle=Aforecasting method for wind power based on improved long-short term memory neural network, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595957749952928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, awardId=202303021222203, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222203), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322595957812867489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, awardId=23CX54, language=CN, fundingSource=山西大同大学2023年科研创新项目(23CX54), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595954285457762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595954302234979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, companyId=1322595954285457762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Coal Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595954314817892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, companyId=1322595954285457762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西大同大学 煤炭工程学院,山西 大同市 037009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322595954377732453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595954390315366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, companyId=1322595954377732453, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 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journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of pressure target model prediction of 20# front pillar and back pillar, figureFileSmall=2Le+I4TjtxeNlCvIvW013Q==, figureFileBig=RisM3FM1C5xfoGk9W/MQaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595957116613017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=CN, label=图4, caption=20#前立柱、后立柱压力目标模型预测对比, figureFileSmall=2Le+I4TjtxeNlCvIvW013Q==, figureFileBig=RisM3FM1C5xfoGk9W/MQaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595957192110490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Correlation degree of load parameters

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相关参数关联度相关参数关联度
顶梁与掩护梁的应力应变0.81支架后立柱下缩量0.73
掩护梁与连杆的应力应变0.85支架前立柱下缩量0.79
液压支架顶梁倾角0.87工作面推进位置0.40
液压支架掩护梁倾角0.63液压支架后立柱压力0.85
液压支架底座倾角0.73液压支架前立柱压力1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595957255025051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

载荷参数相关度

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相关参数关联度相关参数关联度
顶梁与掩护梁的应力应变0.81支架后立柱下缩量0.73
掩护梁与连杆的应力应变0.85支架前立柱下缩量0.79
液压支架顶梁倾角0.87工作面推进位置0.40
液压支架掩护梁倾角0.63液压支架后立柱压力0.85
液压支架底座倾角0.73液压支架前立柱压力1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595957313745308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Model performance comparison

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融合模型融合能力融合数量数据损失模型精度鲁棒提升稳定提升维度降低综合能力
数据级融合普通较高较低优秀普通普通出色出色
决策级融合优秀较低较高普通出色出色一般普通
特征级融合出色一般一般出色优秀优秀较高优秀
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模型性能对比

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融合模型融合能力融合数量数据损失模型精度鲁棒提升稳定提升维度降低综合能力
数据级融合普通较高较低优秀普通普通出色出色
决策级融合优秀较低较高普通出色出色一般普通
特征级融合出色一般一般出色优秀优秀较高优秀
), ArticleFig(id=1322595957481517470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Prediction and evaluation results of hydraulic support pressure under different models

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液压支架编号预测模型平均绝对误差均方根误差
20#前立柱LSTM0.414 20.643 6
20#前立柱DBN0.391 90.626 0
20#前立柱WOA-LSTM0.253 20.503 2
20#前立柱WOA-DBN0.185 50.430 7
20#后立柱LSTM0.442 50.665 2
20#后立柱DBN0.384 00.619 7
20#后立柱WOA-LSTM0.344 80.612 2
20#后立柱WOA-DBN0.139 40.373 3
), ArticleFig(id=1322595957594763679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595465200251366, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同模型下液压支架压力预测评价结果

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液压支架编号预测模型平均绝对误差均方根误差
20#前立柱LSTM0.414 20.643 6
20#前立柱DBN0.391 90.626 0
20#前立柱WOA-LSTM0.253 20.503 2
20#前立柱WOA-DBN0.185 50.430 7
20#后立柱LSTM0.442 50.665 2
20#后立柱DBN0.384 00.619 7
20#后立柱WOA-LSTM0.344 80.612 2
20#后立柱WOA-DBN0.139 40.373 3
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基于 WOA-DBN模型的支架载荷预测研究分析
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鲁杰 1, 2 , 张松 1 , 杨志强 3 , 王劭琛 1 , 魏征 1 , 刘泽 1
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(3): 222-228
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (3) : 222 -228
基于 WOA-DBN模型的支架载荷预测研究分析
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鲁杰(1984—),男,山西大同人,硕士,副教授,主要从事矿业系统工程、智能采矿方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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鲁杰(1984—),男,山西大同人,硕士,副教授,主要从事矿业系统工程、智能采矿方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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鲁杰1, 2 , 张松1, 杨志强3, 王劭琛1, 魏征1, 刘泽1
作者信息
  • 1.山西大同大学 煤炭工程学院,山西 大同市 037009
  • 2.中国矿业大学 矿业工程学院,江苏 徐州市 221116
  • 3.中天合创能源有限责任公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017004
作者简介:

鲁杰(1984—),男,山西大同人,硕士,副教授,主要从事矿业系统工程、智能采矿方面的研究工作。E-mail:

Research and Analysis of Support Load Prediction Based on WOA-DBN Model
Jie LU1, 2 , Song ZHANG1, Zhiqiang YANG3, Shaochen WANG1, Zheng WEI1, Ze LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Coal Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China
  • 2.College of Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
  • 3.Zhongtian-hechuang Energy Co., Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017004, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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在矿山生产中,工作面冒顶事故与液压支架直接相关。依据这一理论,提出了一种基于多源数据融合的预测模型,用于预测液压支架的载荷。通过研究煤层顶板来压变形特性理论、液压支架的组成及工作原理、承载理论以及工作面工况对液压支架的影响,分析载荷变化的影响因素,并对关键受力元件进行数据采集。采用K均值聚类算法对数据的特征进行聚类分析,对载荷进行分类预测建模。利用鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)分别优化长短时记忆网络(LSTM)和深度信念神经网络(DBN),建立WOA-LSTM串联式预测模型和WOA-DBN串联式预测模型。结果表明,WOA-DBN模型在对20#液压支架前立柱载荷预测中,平均绝对误差分别降低了0.228 7, 0.206 4, 0.067 7;均方根误差分别降低了0.212 9, 0.195 3, 0.072 5。WOA-DBN模型对20#液压支架后立柱载荷预测中,平均绝对误差分别降低了0.303 1, 0.244 6, 0.205 4;均方根误差分别降低了0.291 9, 0.246 4, 0.238 9。可见,WOA-DBN串联式预测模型更适合载荷预测且精度更高。

支架载荷预测  /  多源数据融合  /  WOA-DBN  /  K均值聚类算法

In mine production, the roof fall accident of working face is directly related to the hydraulic support. According to this theory, a prediction model based on multi-source data fusion was proposed to predict the load of hydraulic support. By studying the theory of pressure deformation characteristics of coal seam roof, the composition and working principle of hydraulic support, the bearing theory and the influence of working condition on hydraulic support, the influencing factors of load change were analyzed, and the data of key stress components were collected. The K-means clustering algorithm was used to cluster the characteristics of the data, and the load was classified and predicted. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was used to optimize the long short-term memory network (LSTM) and the deep belief neural network (DBN) respectively, and the WOA-LSTM series prediction model and the WOA-DBN series prediction model were established. The results are as follows. Firstly, the mean absolute error is reduced by 0.228 7, 0.206 4 and 0.067 7 respectively in the prediction of the front column load of 20# hydraulic support by WOA-DBN model. The root mean square error is reduced by 0.212 9, 0.195 3 and 0.072 5, respectively. Secondly, in the prediction of the rear column load of 20# hydraulic support by WOA-DBN model, the mean absolute error is reduced by 0.303 1, 0.244 6 and 0.205 4 respectively. The root mean square error is reduced by 0.291 9, 0.246 4 and 0.238 9, respectively. It can be seen that the WOA-DBN series prediction model is more suitable for load prediction and has higher accuracy.

Support load prediction  /  Multi-source data fusion  /  WOA-DBN  /  K-means clustering algorithm
鲁杰, 张松, 杨志强, 王劭琛, 魏征, 刘泽. 基于 WOA-DBN模型的支架载荷预测研究分析. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 222 -228 .
Jie LU, Song ZHANG, Zhiqiang YANG, Shaochen WANG, Zheng WEI, Ze LIU. Research and Analysis of Support Load Prediction Based on WOA-DBN Model[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 222 -228 .
据中国煤炭网安全事故统计,近5年(2019—2023年)顶板事故起数占事故总起数的15%~35%,比例最高。顶板事故对工作面的液压支架冲击最大[1]。煤层开采造成采场三向应力的改变是引起采场围岩破坏的根本原因[2],而液压支架是维护采煤工作面稳定的主要支护设备。因此,对液压支架的载荷进行超前预测,是避免煤矿开采工作面来压和冲击地压等灾害的有效手段[3]。为解决这一问题,研究者提出了若干液压支架载荷的预测方法。
梁娜娜[4]提出了基于灰色理论的液压支架姿态监测方法,通过结合灰色理论的预测分析,采用横向循环和纵向循环的方式,对液压支架的姿态变化进行预测。但液压支架的工作环境和条件会随着生产进程发生变化,这可能导致模型在实际应用中的预测效果逐渐下降。张帆等[5]提出了基于数字孪生技术的煤矿两柱式支架载荷预测方法,采用改进的麻雀搜索算法优化的随机森林(Sparrow Search Algorithm-Random Forest, SSA-RF)方法,通过模拟液压支架升柱过程,对液压支架载荷的原始数据集进行分析和预处理。但仅预测了中部和端头支架的载荷,未能捕捉到工作面整个区域动态变化,也未考虑围岩材质、受力特性等影响因素。姜志刚[6]采用季节性差分自回归滑动平均(Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average, SARIMA)模型对一个循环周期内液压支架载荷的变化过程进行预测,但仅采用SARIMA模型很难对工作面短期内发生的大面积来压事故、冲击地压事故等进行预测。庞义辉等[7]通过自回归模型(Auto-Regressive Model, AR)、长短期记忆网络模型(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)、支持向量回归模型(Support Vector Regression, SVR)3种时间序列模型对工作面的支架压力数据进行预测对比分析。
针对以上监测数据处理难度大、监测系统复杂等问题,本文创新性地提出了一种多源数据融合[8-9]的方法。采用K均值聚类算法[10]对载荷进行分类预测建模,并结合神经网络模型对支架载荷进行预测。此方法旨在降低顶板事故对矿井工作人员生命财产安全和矿井高效生产的影响。
为了从根本上解决冒顶事故问题,需要从综采工作面的煤层顶板来压、变形特性以及矿用液压支架的承载理论等方面进行深入研究。在区段巷道掘进之前,整个工作面的地质环境处于稳定平衡状态,上部岩层在地球引力的作用下,重力传递至下部岩层,使整个岩层环境保持稳定,不会发生变形和移动。当形成开切眼后,巷道及开切眼周边围岩会产生应力集中[11],这时,需要使用巷道支架或支护柱对其进行支护,而开切眼需要使用液压支架来进行支护,上覆岩层施加在支架上的力就是顶板压力。随着综采工作面的推进,液压支架会随工作面前移,采空区上覆的直接顶会受重力影响垮落,如果该区域的直接顶岩层较厚,其垮落的岩石基本可以填满整个采空区。当直接顶岩层的厚度约为采高的1.5~2倍、总跨度为6~20 m、超过综采工作面宽度的0.5倍时,直接顶由于重力作用,岩层会不断弯曲变形,直到达到临界值发生断裂垮落,形成直接顶的初次垮落。在初始阶段,直接顶之上的基本顶会形成两固定支点梁,使基本顶达到平衡状态,并将自身重力和上覆岩层的重力施加到工作面周围的煤柱上[12]。然而,随着综采工作面的持续推进,基本顶岩层的跨度会越来越大,逐渐弯曲变形,当两固定支点达到临界点时就会发生断裂。继续推进将导致综采工作面的顶板下沉加快,煤壁发生片帮现象,支柱受力增加,最终导致顶板出现台阶下沉现象。
由于顶板压力是直接作用在综采工作面液压支架上的显现现象,故对矿用液压支架进行承载分析,即对液压支架与顶板之间的力学相互作用进行分析,发现其主要涉及初撑增阻、承载增阻以及恒阻3个阶段[13]。
(1)初撑增阻阶段:当液压支架的顶梁接触并支撑起顶板,支柱活塞腔的高压液体压力达到泵站的工作压力时,停止供液,并关闭单向阀,此时阀球会封闭支柱活塞腔的油液,这就是支架的初撑阶段,初撑力为支柱和支架对顶板的支撑力,其中支柱初撑力fc为:
支架初撑力Fc为:
式中:Pb为泵站的工作压力,kg/cm2;D为支柱缸体内径,cm;n为每架支架的支柱数;μ为支撑效率。
(2)承载增阻阶段:在支架初撑之后,随着顶板的下沉,油液压力会不断上升,并且压缩支柱活塞腔,使其呈现承载增阻的状态。
(3)恒阻阶段:在支架承受顶板载荷时,可随着顶板的载荷增大而使支柱下缩,保证支架有一定的支撑力,还会具有可伸缩性,不会因为顶板的任意下沉造成冒顶事故发生,此时支柱呈现恒阻特性。
除此之外,液压支架作为支护与稳定工作面的重要设备,在开采过程中还存在其他对支架载荷的影响因素,如工作面地质构造、煤层厚度、煤层倾角、工作面推进速度等。
因此,在采集数据时,应避免不同传感器在时间维度和空间维度上出现不一致的现象,确保模型的鲁棒性和稳定性不受影响,同时还应避免出现后续神经网络模型预测时准确度下降的问题。本研究结合多源数据融合采用神经网络法与归一化法相结合的方式,对支架载荷影响因素进行相关参数评测,以体现各类参数的重要程度。评测结果见表1。
由表1可知,顶梁与掩护梁的应力应变、掩护梁及连杆的应力应变、液压支架顶梁倾角、液压支架掩护梁倾角、液压支架底座倾角、支架前后立柱下缩量、液压支架后立柱压力分别与液压支架前立柱压力的关联度较高,而液压工作面推进位置对其影响较小。根据评测结果,选择液压支架顶梁、掩护梁、底座、推进位置、前后立柱位置采集载荷数据。
多源数据融合是将不同来源获得的数据信息进行统一整合分析的过程,主要包括监测、配准、关联、处理、预测和分析6个阶段。该过程可分为3个级别:数据级融合、特征级融合和决策级融合。数据级融合[14-15]直接对传感器收集的数据进行融合,之后再进行特征提取和决策判断;特征级融合首先提取每个传感器数据的特征向量,然后通过数据融合中心进行统一融合处理;决策级融合先对监测目标进行自主决策,然后通过数据融合中心进行局部监测。3种级别的性能对比见表2。
由表2可知,本文采用特征级多源数据融合方式对矿井工作面液压支架各重要部件进行数据采集并融合。特征级融合能够将不同种类的传感器采集的不同特征类型的数据进行融合,其结果具有更好的鲁棒性和稳定性。相比其他两种融合方式,特征级融合的特性和优势更适用于井下工作。
K均值聚类算法通过机器学习方法将上传的数据划分为K个集合,对数据进行归类。该算法适用于大规模数据,具有运行速度快和扩展性好的优点,非常符合井下数据分类和预测的需求。以往对井下液压支架载荷的预测往往仅基于单一工作面进行,未能充分考虑工作面工况的复杂性及其对载荷的影响,这使得传统预测方式难以满足当前的需求。
因此,需要利用优化的K均值聚类算法对液压支架载荷进行分类。优化后的模型流程如图1所示。
本文采用鲸鱼优化算法(Whale Optimization Algorithm, WOA)[16-18],该算法用于优化长短时记忆网络[3]和深度信念神经网络(Deep Belief Network, DBN)[19-20]。随后,对这两种优化后的模型进行载荷预测,并比较其预测结果,最终选择出精度更为准确的串联式预测模型。
WOA相较之前的PSO粒子群、蚁群、鱼群、灰狼等优化算法,更加简单方便,易于实现,对目标函数的条件和参数需求相对较少,跳出局部最优的能力也更强,且具有高效、稳定、收敛较快、能够解决复杂问题等优点。
LSTM是循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network, RNN)的一种变体,其核心在于细胞状态和“门”结构。其中细胞状态可以很好地将早期时间序列处理过程一直传递下去,“门”结构在训练中进行信息的保存和遗忘,从而克服RNN的不足[21]。
本文针对矿区综采工作面液压支架载荷进行预测,构建出WOA-LSTM的串联型预测模型,对采集的数据进行预测,具体预测步骤如下。
(1)根据液压支架载荷的相关影响因素进行数据采集,所需采集的因素包括:液压支架顶梁倾角、液压支架掩护梁倾角、液压支架底座倾角、工作面推进位置、支架前立柱压力、支架后立柱压力等。
(2)初始化WOA鲸鱼优化算法包括:初始化鱼群、个体适宜度、全局最优解、迭代次数等。
(3)检验数据通过WOA优化算法是否满足终止条件,若不满足返回步骤(2),直到满足终止条件,输出最优解。
(4)初始化LSTM神经网络将输出结果应用于LSTM进行训练和预测,其中80%作为训练集,20%作为测试集对载荷液压支架进行多条件下的预测。
DBN采用逐层训练的方式,训练过程中能够准确赋予初始权重值,使其仅需要微调就会得到最优解。结合DBN的优势,本文构建了基于WOA-DBN串联式神经网络预测模型,具体预测步骤如下。
(1)将采集到的数据集进行归一化处理,初始化鲸鱼算法后,计算每个个体的适宜度,并更新全局最优解,迭代多次后,效验是否满足鲸鱼算法终止条件,若不满足便会自动继续更新,若满足则进行下一步。
(2)将鲸鱼算法的最优解输入到DBN神经网络模型作为输入层,并将整体的80%作为训练集,20%作为测试集,进行正向训练,在神经元训练的过程中进行反向微调,从而达到最好的训练效果,输出层输出结果进入下一步。
(3)通过上一步的结果输出,记录Loss函数曲线图,并对数据进行反归一化处理,得到实时预测图和模型精度评价指标。
本试验数据采集于山西大同某煤矿井下综采工作面的第1#液压支架、第20#液压支架和第73#液压支架,分别对液压支架的首尾和中间位置进行数据采集,采集3个月的数据作为训练样本,其中80%作为训练集,20%作为测试集。依据支架载荷影响因素的相关参数评测结果,主要采集了液压支架顶梁倾角、液压支架掩护梁倾角、液压支架底座倾角、工作面推进位置、支架前立柱压力、支架后立柱压力等相关影响因素作为模型的输入数据,数据采集方式如图2所示。
支架载荷预测模型试验环境为64位的Windows操作系统,以Pycharm为框架运行python3.7版本,代码配置Tensorflow2.13版本和Keras2.12版本作为深度学习的框架。训练之前,设置迭代次数为500,每次训练的样本数量为50,学习率为0.001。
为了评估支架载荷预测模型的准确性,本文采用了均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)和平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error, MAE)的输出结果作为模型精度的判断指标,通过结果数值可以直观地衡量实际值与预测值的差异程度,RMSE表示实际数据与预测数据之间的偏离程度,差异越大,误差表现越明显;MAE反映实际数据与预测数据的误差水平,MAE值越小,代表模型精度越高,越可靠准确。相应的计算公式为:
式中:m代表预测样本个数;xn代表n时刻的实际值;Xn代表n时刻的预测值。
为了验证改进的DBN神经网络模型WOA-DBN预测相较于其他模型更为准确可靠,本文在相同的试验环境和相同数据集的情况下,进行了2组试验。一部分为实际值分别与LSTM模型、DBN模型的对比(见图3),通过对比得出单一模型下更为准确的模型;另一部分为实际值与WOA-LSTM模型、WOA-DBN模型的对比(见图4),通过对比得出串联模式下更为准确的模型。然后,再通过实际的均方根误差和平均绝对误差来验证哪种形式的模型更能达到高精度载荷预测的要求。
图3中黑色线条表示实际值(颜色标识见电子版),是需要拟合或预测的基准。从图3中的线条走向可以看出,DBN预测值在大部分时间点上都更加贴近实际值,特别是在值的变化趋势和幅度上,DBN预测的跟随性较好。相比之下,LSTM预测值虽然在某些时间点上与实际值接近,但在整体趋势和变化上,其贴合程度不如DBN预测紧密。同样由图4可知,WOA-DBN模型预测比WOA-LSTM模型预测更贴合实际值。
综上所述,在相同条件下,LSTM和WOA-LSTM模型的预测误差相对较大,而DBN和WOA-DBN模型的预测值误差相对较小,模型拟合度更高,与实际值更加接近、更为准确。
为进一步验证WOA-DBN支架载荷预测模型的适用性,对预测结果进行处理,计算其平均绝对误差和均方根误差,通过该性能指标对比得出更为精确的结论,指标评价结果见表3。
由表3可知,DBN模型明显优于LSTM模型,WOA-LSTM模型与DBN模型基本相当甚至更优,WOA-DBN模型明显优于其他3种模型。其中,WOA-DBN模型在对20#液压支架前立柱的载荷预测情况下,平均绝对误差分别下降了0.228 7, 0.206 4, 0.067 7;均方根误差分别下降了0.212 9, 0.195 3, 0.072 5。WOA-DBN模型在对20#液压支架后立柱的载荷预测情况下,平均绝对误差分别下降了0.303 1, 0.244 6, 0.205 4;均方根误差分别下降了0.291 9, 0.246 4, 0.238 9。
由此可见,基于改进的DBN神经网络模型(WOA-DBN模型)的预测性能更优,该模型能够更为准确地预测液压支架载荷压力,验证了本文模型的准确性和可靠性。
(1)利用多源数据融合的方法对载荷影响因素进行融合。该方法有效解决了数据的噪音、模糊性以及冗余性,从各类传感器数据中提取出有效信息,提高了数据的可靠性和准确性,从而提升预测精度。
(2)通过K均值聚类对载荷进行分类预测,可以将不同类型的液压支架载荷分为单独的区间,能够更好地分析支架载荷的工作情况,及时发现异常数据值并采取相关措施进行调整。
(3)搭建了WOA-LSTM串联式预测模型和WOA-DBN串联式预测模型,通过试验分析发现:DBN模型明显优于LSTM模型,WOA-LSTM模型与DBN模型基本相当甚至更优,WOA-DBN模型明显优于其他3种模型。由此可见,WOA-DBN串联式预测模型更适合载荷预测且精度更为准确,同时也证明了WOA鲸鱼优化算法的优化效果明显。
  • 山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222203)
  • 山西大同大学2023年科研创新项目(23CX54)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27
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山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222203)
山西大同大学2023年科研创新项目(23CX54)
作者信息
    1.山西大同大学 煤炭工程学院,山西 大同市 037009
    2.中国矿业大学 矿业工程学院,江苏 徐州市 221116
    3.中天合创能源有限责任公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017004
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