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Article(id=1322595364801196938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714147200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260907602, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260907602, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260907602, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260907602, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=177, endPage=184, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595364973163403, articleId=1322595364801196938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Safety and Stability Analysis of a Tailings Pond, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Through relevant calculation, the effectiveness of the design measures of a tailings pond was verified. Based on the GEO-SLOPE numerical simulation, the seepage and stability of the tailings pond under different working conditions were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that under the flood control standard of once in five hundred years, the discharge capacity of the flood interception ditch on east and west sides of the tailings pond and the discharge capacity of the spillway in the tailings pond area can meet the requirements. Through seepage calculation and analysis, the effectiveness of seepage control measures of tailings pond is verified. HDPE geomembrane and drainage system have good anti-seepage effect. Under the calculation of three working conditions, the anti-sliding stability of the downstream slope of the tailings pond can meet the design standards. The suggestion of arranging manual monitoring and on-line monitoring facilities is put forward to realize the real-time monitoring of dam of tailings pond and flood discharge situation. The research results can provide a technical reference for the design, construction and management of tailings pond.

, authors=Hengtong WANG, Shiguo SUN, Ruilong WANG, authorsList=Hengtong WANG, Shiguo SUN, Ruilong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shiguo SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595369096164280, articleId=1322595364801196938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=某尾矿库的安全稳定性分析, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过有关计算，验证了某尾矿库各项设计措施的有效性。基于GEO-SLOPE数值模拟，对尾矿库在不同工况下的渗流和稳定性进行了综合评估。结果表明：在500年一遇的防洪标准下，该尾矿库东、西侧截洪沟的泄流能力和尾矿库库区溢洪道排泄能力均可满足要求。通过渗流计算分析，验证了尾矿坝的渗控措施的有效性，HDPE土工膜和排渗系统具有良好的防渗作用。在3种工况计算下，尾矿坝下游边坡的抗滑稳定性可满足设计标准。提出了布置人工观测和在线监测设施的建议，以实现对尾矿库坝体及排洪情况的实时监控。研究结果可以为尾矿库的设计、施工以及管理等提供技术参考。

, authors=王亨通, 孙世国, 王瑞龙, authorsList=王亨通, 孙世国, 王瑞龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙世国, authorNote=

王亨通（2000—），男，河南平顶山人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙世国（1959—），男，辽宁鞍山人，博士后，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究.E-mail:
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王亨通（2000—），男，河南平顶山人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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王亨通（2000—），男，河南平顶山人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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World Nonferrous Metals, 2023(19):232-234., articleTitle=Design and research on safety facilities for tailings pond expansion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595743718818662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=谭星宇, journalName=矿业研究与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭星宇.尾矿库条件下排土场稳定性分析及治理研究[J].矿业研究与开发，2023，43(9)：41-45., articleTitle=尾矿库条件下排土场稳定性分析及治理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595743802704743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=TAN Xingyu, journalName=Mining Research and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN Xingyu. Study on stability analysis and treatment of waste disposal site under condition of tailings reservoir[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2023, 43(9):41-45., articleTitle=Study on stability analysis and treatment of waste disposal site under condition of tailings reservoir, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595743886590824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=贾森, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贾森.短期降雨作用下干堆尾矿库渗流及失稳特性研究[D].石家庄：石家庄铁道大学，2023., articleTitle=短期降雨作用下干堆尾矿库渗流及失稳特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595743962088297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=JIA Sen, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA Sen. Study on seepage and instability characteristics of dry stack tailing under short-term[D]. Shijiazhuang: Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, 2023., articleTitle=Study on seepage and instability characteristics of dry stack tailing under short-term, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744062751594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=141, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=梁远骥, journalName=现代矿业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁远骥.基于Geo-Studio的降雨条件下尾矿坝体稳定性分析[J].现代矿业，2022，38(12)：141-144., articleTitle=基于Geo-Studio的降雨条件下尾矿坝体稳定性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744146637675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=141, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LIANG Yuanji, journalName=Modern Mining, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Yuanji. Stability analysis of tailings dam under rainfall conditions based on geo-studio[J]. Modern Mining, 2022, 38(12):141-144., articleTitle=Stability analysis of tailings dam under rainfall conditions based on geo-studio, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744222135148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=增刊2, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=侯佩喜, 苏军, journalName=中国矿业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侯佩喜，苏军.尾矿库安全风险防控应急预案编制及应用研究[J].中国矿业，2021，30(增刊2)：63-66., articleTitle=尾矿库安全风险防控应急预案编制及应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744293438317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=Suppl.2, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=HOU Peixi, SU Jun, journalName=China Mining Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOU Peixi, SU Jun. Study on the establishment and application of emergency plan for safety risk prevention and control of tailings pond[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2021, 30 (Suppl.2):63-66., articleTitle=Study on the establishment and application of emergency plan for safety risk prevention and control of tailings pond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744364741486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=刘佳浩, 刘红岩, 邹宗山, journalName=金属矿山, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘佳浩，刘红岩，邹宗山，等.竖向及水平地震作用下尾矿库动力响应及液化稳定性分析[J/OL].金属矿山：1-14[2024-04-21]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1055.TD.20231120.1147.002.html., articleTitle=竖向及水平地震作用下尾矿库动力响应及液化稳定性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744448627567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=LIU Jiahao, LIU Hongyan, ZOU Zongshan, journalName=Metal Mine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jiahao, LIU Hongyan, ZOU Zongshan, et al. Dynamic response and liquefaction stability analysis of tailings pond under vertical and horizontal earthquake[J/OL]. Metal Mine: 1-14[2024-04-21]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1055.TD.20231120.1147.002.html., articleTitle=Dynamic response and liquefaction stability analysis of tailings pond under vertical and horizontal earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744536707952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家市场监督管理总局，国家标准化管理委员会.尾矿库安全规程：GB 39496—2020[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322595744599622513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration of the People's Pepublic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration of the People's Pepublic of China. Safety regulation for tailings pond:GB 39496—2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595740778611544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, awardId=41772335, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(41772335), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322595742460527449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, awardId=2023YZKY01, language=CN, fundingSource=北方工业大学有组织科研项目(2023YZKY01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595735263101732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595735271490341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, companyId=1322595735263101732, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595735279878950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, companyId=1322595735263101732, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北方工业大学　土木工程学院，北京　100144)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322595738790511424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Typical material partitioning of the tailings pond, figureFileSmall=5HXMEreM/mKX89SPpXahAQ==, figureFileBig=GLhw+lbBQjqypfziwi3BkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595738882786113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=图1, caption=尾矿库典型材料分区, figureFileSmall=5HXMEreM/mKX89SPpXahAQ==, figureFileBig=GLhw+lbBQjqypfziwi3BkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739008615234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution of water head contours under operating condition 1 (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=sZItvEdbHfOYx7fCY89F7w==, figureFileBig=TB3McbpIc2DEyCJfkgXsvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739071529795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=图2, caption=工况1下水头等值线分布（单位：m）, figureFileSmall=sZItvEdbHfOYx7fCY89F7w==, figureFileBig=TB3McbpIc2DEyCJfkgXsvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739134444356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Distribution of water head contours under operating condition 2 (Unit: m), figureFileSmall=dkm48ScvBYFm5p85JXZUyQ==, figureFileBig=TedWed3K72OPiX7UazgSmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739201553221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=图3, caption=工况2下水头等值线分布（单位：m）, figureFileSmall=dkm48ScvBYFm5p85JXZUyQ==, figureFileBig=TedWed3K72OPiX7UazgSmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739281244998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Calculation results of the slope stability under the operating condition 1, figureFileSmall=C7A9EIKpO9VcZo0mOqh4OA==, figureFileBig=UbHXolp38oldnsP4eFNeuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739356742471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=图4, caption=工况1下边坡稳定性计算结果, figureFileSmall=C7A9EIKpO9VcZo0mOqh4OA==, figureFileBig=UbHXolp38oldnsP4eFNeuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739419657032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Calculation results of the slope stability under the operating condition 2, figureFileSmall=+eBNBjjW+cMiQeAJXtlWcA==, figureFileBig=lxtweXKL7xkUBLHk6SSF7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739490960201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=图5, caption=工况2下边坡稳定性计算结果, figureFileSmall=+eBNBjjW+cMiQeAJXtlWcA==, figureFileBig=lxtweXKL7xkUBLHk6SSF7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739566457674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Calculation results of the slope stability under the operating condition 3, figureFileSmall=mtSzIEGIukSOJLAoYIfG9g==, figureFileBig=sOuJ+iCgvZREcn6l61T9Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739637760843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=图6, caption=工况3下边坡稳定性计算结果, figureFileSmall=mtSzIEGIukSOJLAoYIfG9g==, figureFileBig=sOuJ+iCgvZREcn6l61T9Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595739713258316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relationship between reservoir level and flood control capacity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
库水位H/m水面面积S/m2水深h/m调洪库容ΔV/m3累计库容V=ΣΔV/m3
178.0189 6490.000
178.5191 9950.595 41195 411
179.0194 3400.596 584191 995
), ArticleFig(id=1322595739784561485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

库水位与调洪库容的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
库水位H/m水面面积S/m2水深h/m调洪库容ΔV/m3累计库容V=ΣΔV/m3
178.0189 6490.000
178.5191 9950.595 41195 411
179.0194 3400.596 584191 995
), ArticleFig(id=1322595739851670350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Tailings pond flood regulation algorithm results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防洪标准/a正常水位/m最高洪水位/m洪水升高值/m最大泄流量/(m3/s)调洪库容/万 m3
500178178.50.52.29.53
), ArticleFig(id=1322595739914584911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

尾矿库调洪演算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防洪标准/a正常水位/m最高洪水位/m洪水升高值/m最大泄流量/(m3/s)调洪库容/万 m3
500178178.50.52.29.53
), ArticleFig(id=1322595739981693776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameter values for 2D seepage finite element calculation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称渗透系数/(m/s)
kxky
碾压堆石料3.00×10–43.00×10–4
碾压土石料3.00×10–63.00×10–6
尾粉土1.25×10–61.25×10–6
尾粉质黏土3.00×10–83.00×10–8
尾黏土2.00×10–92.00×10–9
HDPE土工膜1.00×10–121.00×10–12
强风化基岩1.00×10–61.00×10–6
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740073968465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

二维渗流有限元计算参数取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称渗透系数/(m/s)
kxky
碾压堆石料3.00×10–43.00×10–4
碾压土石料3.00×10–63.00×10–6
尾粉土1.25×10–61.25×10–6
尾粉质黏土3.00×10–83.00×10–8
尾黏土2.00×10–92.00×10–9
HDPE土工膜1.00×10–121.00×10–12
强风化基岩1.00×10–61.00×10–6
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740166243154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Calculated operating conditions and minimum safety factors permitted by Bishop's method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况最小安全系数
正常运行工况(工况1)1.30
非正常运行工况Ⅰ(工况2)1.20
非正常运行工况Ⅱ(工况3)1.15
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740308849491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

计算工况和毕肖普法允许的最小安全系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况最小安全系数
正常运行工况(工况1)1.30
非正常运行工况Ⅰ(工况2)1.20
非正常运行工况Ⅱ(工况3)1.15
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740380152660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Indicators of mechanical properties of main materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料种类天然容重/(kN/m3)抗剪强度
c/kPaφ/(°)
碾压堆石料22.00.0041.0
碾压土石料18.526.0024.0
尾粉土20.09.8028.0
尾粉质黏土19.510.7816.0
尾黏土18.013.728.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740468233045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

主要材料力学特性指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料种类天然容重/(kN/m3)抗剪强度
c/kPaφ/(°)
碾压堆石料22.00.0041.0
碾压土石料18.526.0024.0
尾粉土20.09.8028.0
尾粉质黏土19.510.7816.0
尾黏土18.013.728.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740556313430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of dam stability calculation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况编号计算条件安全系数
计算值允许值
1正常蓄水位1.6841.30
2最高洪水位1.6841.20
3正常蓄水位+地震1.1621.15
), ArticleFig(id=1322595740640199511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595364801196938, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

大坝稳定计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况编号计算条件安全系数
计算值允许值
1正常蓄水位1.6841.30
2最高洪水位1.6841.20
3正常蓄水位+地震1.1621.15
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某尾矿库的安全稳定性分析
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王亨通 , 孙世国 , 王瑞龙
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(3): 177-184
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (3) : 177 -184
某尾矿库的安全稳定性分析
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王亨通 , 孙世国 , 王瑞龙
作者信息
  • 北方工业大学　土木工程学院，北京　100144
通讯作者:
孙世国（1959—），男，辽宁鞍山人，博士后，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究.E-mail:
作者简介:

王亨通（2000—），男，河南平顶山人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:

Safety and Stability Analysis of a Tailings Pond
Hengtong WANG , Shiguo SUN , Ruilong WANG
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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通过有关计算，验证了某尾矿库各项设计措施的有效性。基于GEO-SLOPE数值模拟，对尾矿库在不同工况下的渗流和稳定性进行了综合评估。结果表明：在500年一遇的防洪标准下，该尾矿库东、西侧截洪沟的泄流能力和尾矿库库区溢洪道排泄能力均可满足要求。通过渗流计算分析，验证了尾矿坝的渗控措施的有效性，HDPE土工膜和排渗系统具有良好的防渗作用。在3种工况计算下，尾矿坝下游边坡的抗滑稳定性可满足设计标准。提出了布置人工观测和在线监测设施的建议，以实现对尾矿库坝体及排洪情况的实时监控。研究结果可以为尾矿库的设计、施工以及管理等提供技术参考。

尾矿库  /  GEO-SLOPE  /  渗流  /  稳定性  /  监测

Through relevant calculation, the effectiveness of the design measures of a tailings pond was verified. Based on the GEO-SLOPE numerical simulation, the seepage and stability of the tailings pond under different working conditions were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that under the flood control standard of once in five hundred years, the discharge capacity of the flood interception ditch on east and west sides of the tailings pond and the discharge capacity of the spillway in the tailings pond area can meet the requirements. Through seepage calculation and analysis, the effectiveness of seepage control measures of tailings pond is verified. HDPE geomembrane and drainage system have good anti-seepage effect. Under the calculation of three working conditions, the anti-sliding stability of the downstream slope of the tailings pond can meet the design standards. The suggestion of arranging manual monitoring and on-line monitoring facilities is put forward to realize the real-time monitoring of dam of tailings pond and flood discharge situation. The research results can provide a technical reference for the design, construction and management of tailings pond.

Tailings pond  /  GEO-SLOPE  /  Seepage  /  Stability  /  Monitoring
王亨通, 孙世国, 王瑞龙. 某尾矿库的安全稳定性分析. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 177 -184 .
Hengtong WANG, Shiguo SUN, Ruilong WANG. Safety and Stability Analysis of a Tailings Pond[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 177 -184 .
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0　引言
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尾矿库是由矿山尾矿及废渣堆积而成的人工建筑物，其主要功能包括储存尾矿、沉淀固体颗粒、调节排放和净化废水等。由于尾矿的大量堆积和地质条件的复杂性，尾矿库的稳定性问题备受关注。尾矿库的稳定性受多种因素影响，如地质构造、地下水位等，因此需要进行全面细致的评估。在实践中，尾矿库稳定性问题的重要性得到了充分的体现。世界范围内发生的一些尾矿库溃坝事故，如巴西的布拉德角矿坝溃坝事故和中国山西省的襄汾新塔矿业溃坝事故，给工程安全和环境保护带来了极大的挑战，引发了对尾矿库稳定性分析的深入思考和研究。尾矿库作为矿业生产过程中的重要工程设施，承载着大量的尾矿和废渣，其稳定性问题一直备受关注。尾矿库的稳定性分析是保障工程安全、预防环境污染的关键环节，而基于数值模拟的分析方法在这一领域中扮演着重要角色。
国内外学者在尾矿库稳定性分析方面提出了多种方法，包括基于力学原理的有限元分析、数值模拟、物理模型试验以及经验公式法等[1]。随着环境保护意识的提高，尾矿库的环境影响研究也备受关注，包括对地下水和土壤污染、生态系统影响等方面的调查和分析。尾矿库的安全管理和监测技术不断发展，包括遥感技术、传感器监测技术、遥感技术和无人机技术在尾矿库监测中的应用等[2]。针对传统尾矿库存在的问题，提出了一些新型设计方案，如干堆放、高密度尾矿浆排放等，以减少对尾矿环境的影响，提高尾矿库稳定性。
综上所述，尾矿库稳定性分析是一个备受关注的重要课题，而GEO-SLOPE等数值模拟软件的应用为尾矿库工程的设计与管理提供了可靠的技术支持。本研究借助GEO-SLOPE软件[3]，针对某尾矿库坝体的渗流状况和稳定性进行了仿真分析，分析结果可以为尾矿库后续的设计、施工以及管理等提供技术参考。
1　工程概况
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某尾矿坝为碾压式土石坝，采用一次性筑坝技术建造，坝体高度为74 m（坝顶标高为180 m，坝底标高为106 m）。坝体总长度为198 m，坝顶宽度为8 m。坝体内侧坡度为1∶2.5，外侧坡度为1∶3。整体库容达到481 万 m3，被归类为三等库。在构筑物等级上，主要设施为3级，而次要及临时设施则为5级。为了增强坝体的稳定性和安全性，在坝体外侧坡面铺设了一层0.3 m厚的干砌块石；在内侧坡面上依次铺设了砂砾石垫层（300 mm厚）、一层土工布（500 g/m2）、防渗层（采用2 mm厚的HDPE膜）以及一层土工布（500 g/m2）。在坝外坡标高170 m、160 m、150 m、140 m、130 m、120 m、110 m和100 m处设置马道，顶宽4 m；在坝内坡标高170 m、160 m、150 m、140 m、130 m、120 m、110 m和100 m处设置平台，顶宽2 m。为有效防止雨水侵蚀坝外坡，在坝外坡的马道内侧设置了横截面宽和高均为0.4 m的纵向排水沟；在一期坝坝肩位置设置了横截面宽和高均为0.6 m的坝肩排水沟。纵向排水沟与坝肩排水沟相互连接，共同构建了一个全面有效的坝面排水系统。采用了浆砌石的方式砌筑排水沟，并在排水沟的内表面涂抹20 mm厚的水泥砂浆，以增强其耐用性和防水性能。
2　尾矿库安全复核
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2.1　尾矿坝坝基处理、坝体材料和筑坝要求
清基时，必须拆除坝基周围的一切建筑和构筑物，清除一切树木、树根、碎石和腐土，坝基采用强风化粉砂岩作为基础持力层。
清基后，先回填6 m厚的堆石料，然后依次铺设砂砾石垫层（300 mm）、土工布（500 g/m2）、砂砾石垫层（300 mm），再进行碾压土石坝的施工。
采用分层填筑、分层碾压的方式堆筑坝体土石料[4]，通过现场试验来确定各层的填筑厚度和碾压遍数，坝体土石料的干容重与最佳含水量下的最大干容重相近。施工前，矿方应对土石料进行土工击实试验，得到最佳含水率下的干容重不得低于1.75 t/m3，压实度为96%~98%。碾压时控制上坝土石料的最佳含水量，以达到最佳碾压效果。
按《碾压土石坝施工规范》严格控制土石料的质量及填筑质量。上坝土石料应分层填筑、分层碾压，每次上料厚度不大于500 mm，用15 t机械碾压，每层碾压不少于6遍。
无纺土工布的搭接缝合长度不小于0.2 m，将土工布埋入清基线下方至少0.5 m，并用砾石填充压实，对坝顶部的土工布一定要固定牢固。HDPE膜采用焊接，其搭接长度不小于0.2 m, HDPE膜嵌入清基线以下至少0.5 m，两侧填碎石并夯实。坝顶的HDPE膜务必锚牢固，施工过程中要防止土工布和HDPE膜在阳光下曝晒，以免降低其强度。
2.2　洪水计算
该尾矿库是三等库，根据尾矿库防洪标准，该尾矿库洪水重现期为200~500 a。该尾矿库防洪标准采用三等库的上限标准，即：P=0.2%（500年一遇洪水）。
根据距该地较近的气象站1980—1999年的降雨资料与该地实测的2008—2010年的降雨资料，采用推理公式法计算库区洪水。该尾矿库库区和库区上游总的汇水面积约2.41 km2，主沟长2.7 km，主沟坡降为13.1%。经过计算，500年一遇洪水(P=0.2%)的库区和库区上游总洪峰流量为244 m3/s，库区和库区上游的洪水总量为82.5 万 m3。
2.3　排水构筑物
在尾矿库正常状态下，将尾矿库的澄清水和少量的洪水由水库中的回水泵送到选厂的高位水池中进行再利用[5]；将库区汛期时的洪水通过尾矿坝西侧坝肩开挖的溢洪道泄至库外；库区上游的洪水导入截洪沟，泄至库外。
2.3.1　库区排水构筑物
正常运行时，库区的尾矿澄清水及少量洪水汇集至库内。在库内布置一艘回水浮船，在船上设两台D280−43×7型清水泵（一用一备)将库内水泵送至选厂的高位水池，供选厂循环使用。水泵的额定流量为280 m3/h，额定扬程为301 m，功率为350 kW，排水管路内径为250 mm，材质为钢管，长度为1 700 m。
在汛期，为排出洪水，设计在尾矿坝西侧坝肩开挖溢洪道，溢洪道断面为倒梯形，浆砌石结构，断面尺寸为顶宽7 m、底宽3 m、高2 m，最小底坡为1%，长度为410 m，在内表面抹涂20 mm厚的水泥砂浆。
2.3.2　库区上游排水构筑物
为了减少入库流量，设计在库区上游设置截洪沟。截洪沟断面为倒梯形的坚实光滑土沟，沟断面顶宽8.6 m、底宽5.0 m、高1.8 m。截洪沟总长为4 417 m，西侧长2 341 m，最小底坡为2%，东侧长2 076 m，最小底坡为2%。
2.4　排水构筑物泄流能力计算
（1）库区排水构筑物进流计算。
溢洪道进口控制段宽B=4 m（取平均宽度），设计水头为1 m，为坝肩开挖的开敞式溢洪道，进流能力Q的计算如下：
式中：m为堰流量系数，m=0.406；B为堰顶的宽度，m,B=4 m;g为重力加速度，m/s2；Hy为溢流堰进流水头，m，设计进流水头Hy=1 m。
计算得到溢洪道进流能力为：Q=7.2 m3/s。
（2）库区上游排水构筑物泄流计算。
在无压流状态下，利用均匀流公式来估算排水沟的泄流能力：
式中：Q′为流量，m3/s;A为过流断面积，m2;R为水力半径，m,R=A/X,X为排水沟断面湿周长；i为沟底纵坡坡度，设计i=2%;C为谢才系数，,n为排水沟的粗糙系数，取n=0.017。
代入相关数据得到：Q′=110.2 m3/s，东、西侧排水沟的总泄流能力为2Q′=220.4 m3/s，大于库区上游的洪峰流量213.7 m3/s，因此，东、西侧截洪沟可满足泄流要求。
2.5　调洪演算
通过“数解法”，采用水量平衡原理来计算泄流量和调洪库容。任意一时段Δt内的水量平衡方程式为：
式中：V1为时段起点尾矿库水位标高相应的蓄水量，m3;V2为时段终点尾矿库水位标高相应的蓄水量，m3;q1为时段起点尾矿库水位标高相应的泄流量，m3/s;q2为时段终点尾矿库水位标高相应的泄流量，m3/s;Q1为时段起点时程的来水量，m3/s;Q2为时段终点时程的来水量，m3/s。
库水位与调洪库容的关系见表1。
所需调洪库容为。该尾矿库的调洪演算结果见表2。
2.6　尾矿库防洪安全复核
（1）最小安全超高。三等尾矿库最小安全超高为0.7 m。
（2）风壅水面高度。风壅水面高度计算公式为：
式中：e为计算点处的风壅水面高度，m；D为风区长度，2 km；K为综合摩阻系数，取3.6×10−6；β为计算风向与坝轴线法线的夹角，取30°；W为计算风速，取5 m/s；Hm为水域平均水深，取30 m。
经计算，风壅水面高度e=0.01 m。
（3）波浪爬高。平均波浪爬高计算公式为：
式中：Rm为平均波浪爬高，m；KΔ为斜坡的糙率渗透性系数，取0.6；Kw为经验系数，取1.12；R0为无风情况下，平均波高为1 m时的爬高值，取1.45 m；hm为平均波高，m。
通过计算得到平均波高hm=0.09 m，则平均波浪爬高Rm=0.09 m。
经查表，500年一遇（设计频率P=0.2%）的波浪爬高为：
《尾矿设施设计规范》规定：尾矿库挡水坝坝顶与设计洪水位之间的高度差，应不小于最小安全超高、最大风壅水面高度以及最大波浪爬高这三项指标的总和。尾矿坝坝顶标高为180 m，设计洪水位标高为178.5 m。经计算：180 m−178.5 m=1.5 m>0.7 m+0.01 m+0.29 m=1 m，因此该尾矿库库区的溢洪道可满足防洪要求。
3　尾矿坝渗流和稳定性分析
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3.1　尾矿坝渗流分析
3.1.1　渗流计算原理与程序
二维渗流问题的基本方程和边界条件为：
式中：H为水头函数，kx、ky分别为x、y主方向渗透系数，坐标轴方向与渗透方向一致；Ω为渗流区域；S1为已知水头值的边界曲线；S2为给定流量边界曲线；S3为浸润线；S4为逸出段；q为边界上的单宽流量，这里q=0表示为不透水边界；n为边界的法线方向。
对于各向同性的介质即kx=ky=k，公式（9）可简化为。对于所研究的稳定渗流场，根据变分原理，上述定解问题的求解等价于求下列泛函的极值问题，即：
本文选择软件SEEP/W进行数值模拟。SEEP/W是一款可用于求解岩土工程稳定性与非稳定性问题的高效数值模拟软件。该软件具有较强的计算能力，能处理复杂边界及初始条件，能较好地处理工程实际中出现的强降雨入渗、库水位突变等实际渗流问题[6]。该程序无需对边界及网格坐标进行修正，避免了假设自由面及单元畸形所带来的诸多难题，同时可简化计算程序，提高计算速度。
3.1.2　尾矿坝二维渗流有限元分析模型
在求解二维渗流场时，计算区域的选择是影响计算精度的重要因素。在分析尾矿坝设计和施工现状的基础上[7]，结合坝址区的水文地质资料，确定了以下计算区域：上游，取自距坝体中心线往上游约645.0 m；下游，取自大坝中心线至下游约500.0 m；模型底部高度采用0.0 m的高程进行计算。
尾矿库的典型材料分区如图1所示。由图1可知，坝基以强风化基岩为主；库内尾矿砂主要由尾粉土、尾粉质黏土和尾黏土三部分组成。
有限元网格模型共有19 215个单元和19 498个结点，该模型的边界条件为：上游截取边界、下游截取边界及其底边界都为隔水边界；对于地表边界，在大坝轴线上游侧，低于全库水位的区域为已知水头界限条件[8]，而在大坝轴线下游侧，小于下游水位的区域为已知水头边界条件，超过下游水位的区域则为可能渗流逸出面。
计算中所采取的各种材料渗透系数取值见表3。
3.1.3　计算工况
本次二维渗流有限元计算工况的设置原则主要参考了同类型尾矿坝的施工与运行情况[9]。为了确保工程的长期安全有效运行，确定了两种计算工况，即：正常蓄水工况（工况1），上游水位为178.00 m；设计洪水工况（工况2），上游水位为178.50 m。两种工况均考虑了防渗措施。
3.1.4　计算结果及分析
渗控设计的核心目标是多方面的：首先，旨在调控防渗措施下游的剩余水头，进而降低下游坝体渗流逸出线的高度，增强下游坝坡的稳定性[10]；其次，渗控设计也注重控制渗流梯度，以防止渗透变形导致的破坏，确保坝体和坝基等结构的渗流稳定性；此外，还需控制流量，力求将流量损失控制在最小或允许的范围内；最后，渗控设计还关注坝体和坝基各种渗流力的控制，以改善其变形和应力条件。在尾矿坝二维渗流有限元计算分析中[11]，对这些关键方面进行深入研究，以深入剖析各计算方案的结果。计算结果图包括典型剖面的水头等值线图、渗透梯度等值线图等。
图2和图3分别给出了两工况下关键部位的水头计算结果。
（1）库内的尾矿砂处于饱和状态，这是因为碾压土石坝的上游侧安装了具有良好截渗效果的HDPE土工膜，有效阻止了外部水分的渗透。
（2）由图2和图3可以看出，在上游特征水位稳定渗流工况下尾矿坝最大断面中，由于碾压土石坝上游侧设有HDPE土工膜，具有较好的截渗效果，土石坝基本处于干燥状态，上游水头在心墙前有小幅降低。库水渗透进碾压土石坝后，水头明显减小，在工况1和工况2下分别减少了约58 m和58.1 m。库水从碾压土石坝底部的堆石料中排出流向下游，在这两种工况下，逸出点的最大水力比降都低于0.1。
（3）尾矿坝底部基础为强风化基岩，其渗透系数为1.00×10−6 m/s, 比较低。所以尾矿坝建成后，地基整体渗透性比较弱。从工况1和工况2的渗流计算结果来看，目前采用的地基渗控体系完全能够满足大坝的防渗需求。
（4）经过计算，在工况1、工况2下的稳定渗流期，坝体位置通过坝体主坝段的单宽总渗流量计算值分别为9.35×10−5 m3/s、9.36×10−5 m3/s。
综上所述，正常蓄水位和最高洪水位等多种工况下的二维渗流计算结果表明，该尾矿坝采用的渗控体系可满足尾矿坝的防渗需求，坝体上游侧的HDPE土工膜展现出良好的的截渗效果，尾矿坝下游的排渗系统也发挥出了良好的排渗作用。
3.2　尾矿坝稳定性分析
以尾矿坝的典型剖面为重点研究对象，基于前一章的渗流分析结果，进一步计算了3种不同工况下大坝下游边坡的整体稳定性[12]。这3种工况分别是正常蓄水位、最高洪水位以及正常蓄水位遭遇8度地震的情况。通过这些计算[18]，对坝体边坡的安全性进行全面评估。
3.2.1　边坡稳定性分析要求
该尾矿坝工程的等级被划分为三等，地震烈度为8度，基本地震加速度值为0.2g。《尾矿设施设计规范》规定：坝坡的抗滑稳定计算须保证抗滑稳定安全系数大于表4中所列明的数值。正常运行工况指的是尾矿库处于正常运行状态，库内水位稳定维持在正常蓄水位的情况，渗流场相对稳定；非常运行工况Ⅰ则是指在某些特殊情况下，库内水位达到最高洪水位时出现了渗流；非常运行工况Ⅱ特指地震条件下的工况。
3.2.2　边坡稳定计算与分析
采用了SLOPE/W软件进行尾矿坝的边坡稳定性计算分析[13]。坝体的材料力学特性参数见表5。在边坡稳定计算分析中，采用了简化的Bishop法。
尾矿坝典型剖面在三种不同工况下的安全系数见表6。同时，图4至图6展示了这三种工况下典型剖面的最危险滑裂面位置。
计算结果表明，在正常蓄水位、最高洪水位和地震工况下，尾矿坝的下游侧边坡的抗滑稳定性符合要求。
4　尾矿库监测系统
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该尾矿库为三等山谷型尾矿库，本次设计设置人工观测与在线监测相结合的安全监测设施。人工观测设施涵盖了坝体位移观测、浸润线观测以及库水位观测等关键项目。而在线监测设施则更为全面，包括坝体位移监测、浸润线监测、库水位监测、降雨量监测以及库区视频影像等多元化项目。这些设施共同构成了尾矿库安全监测的完整体系。
4.1　人工观测设施
4.1.1　位移观测
（1）布置位置。根据规范要求和尾矿库实际情况，在坝外坡马道120 m、140 m、160 m标高以及坝顶180 m标高各设置3个位移观测点。
（2）水平变形观测。视准线法是最为常用的水平变形观测方法之一。该方法的核心在于以两个预先设定的工作基点所构成的连线——视准线作为测量的基准。在这一基准之上，用经伟仪精确测量各个观测标点所发生的水平位移量。每个测点都需要进行至少两次测量，即两个测回。在每次测量中需要严格控制误差，确保两次测量的误差不大于5 mm。如果误差过大，则需要重新进行测量，直到满足要求为止。最后，将两次测量的结果取平均值，作为该点的最终观测结果。
（3）垂直变形观测。垂直变形观测是尾矿库安全监测体系中的一项重要内容，观测仪器是水准仪。在观测过程中，为确保测量的准确性，必须确保前后视距离相等，并且这一距离不应超过50 m，且往返测量的闭合差应控制在± mm以内，其中n为测站数。
（4）观测时间。坝体水平、垂直变形量的测量应每季不少于2次，每年汛期期间，加密人工观测次数为每月不少于1次。
4.1.2　浸润线观测
（1）布置位置。根据规范要求和尾矿库实际情况，在坝外坡马道120 m、140 m、160 m标高以及坝顶180 m标高各设置3个水位观测孔。
（2）观测时间。采用电位计法观测孔内渗水位置，人工观测次数为每季不少于2次，每年汛期期间，人工观测次数为每月不少于1次。
4.1.3　库水位观测
在尾矿库内溢洪道进水口的合适位置设置一处水位观测标尺。在标尺上采用醒目的颜色和字体标注了设计水位和警戒水位，以便观测人员能够迅速而准确地读取水位信息。一旦库内水位出现异常，将迅速根据具体情况采取相应措施，并及时通知库区工作人员加强安全防范，保障尾矿库的安全运行。
4.2　在线监测设施
（1）坝体位移监测。根据规范要求和尾矿库实际情况，在坝外坡马道120 m、140 m、160 m标高以及坝顶180 m标高各设置3个GPS坝面位移监测点，形成观测纵断面。
（2）浸润线监测。根据规范要求和尾矿库实际情况，在坝外坡马道120 m、140 m、160 m标高以及坝顶180 m标高各设置3个浸润线监测点，并尽量与位移监测断面相结合，以便于资料整理及分析。采用超声波水位计、磁敏水位计等进行监测。
（3）干滩监测。干滩处设置长度标尺，每隔50 m标记一次。监测工具可选用激光测距仪、全站仪等。
（4）库水位监测。通常采用水尺或自记水位计这两种传统的测量工具。这些工具操作简单、成本相对较低，适用于大多数尾矿库的常规监测需求。然而，在条件许可的情况下，为了提高监测的自动化和智能化水平，也可以选择安装遥测水位计或自动测报水位计。这些先进的监测设备能够实时、准确地获取水位数据。在实际监测过程中，需要定期对监测点的零点高程进行校准，通常建议每3至5年进行一次校准工作，以确保监测设备的精度和稳定性。为了进一步提高水位监测的精度，需要对测量误差进行严格控制。在实际操作中，水位监测的测量误差应控制在20 mm以内，以确保数据的准确性和可靠性。
（5）降雨量监测。降雨量监测采用雨量传感器和信号变送器各一套，安装在库区岸坡上，便于随时掌握最新动态，调配尾矿库的运行方式。
（6）库区视频影像。设计在尾矿坝西、东侧山体各布设3个高清摄像头，在库内合适位置布设1个高清摄像头，对尾矿库坝体及排洪情况进行实时监控。摄像头应布设在较高处，视野应开阔，并设置避雷设施。
5　结论
收起
（1）计算结果表明，某尾矿库西、东侧截洪沟总泄流能力大于库区上游500年一遇洪峰流量，西、东侧截洪沟可满足泄流要求；尾矿库库区溢洪道也可满足防洪要求。
（2）经过GEO-SLOPE软件分析，正常蓄水位、最高洪水位等工况下的二维渗流计算结果表明，该尾矿坝所采用的渗控体系能够有效地满足大坝在防渗方面的各项需求。在尾矿坝的运行过程中，HDPE土工膜展现出了良好的截渗效果，能够有效地阻断水分在坝体内部的渗透，降低坝体内部的湿度，从而增强坝体的整体稳定性；下游的排渗系统也发挥出了良好的排渗作用。
（3）尾矿坝大坝在正常蓄水位、最高洪水位和地震3种不同工况下，尾矿坝下游边坡的抗滑稳定性均达到了相关规范的要求。
（4）在坝体布置人工监测和在线监测设施，可以对尾矿库坝体及排洪情况进行实时监控，及时避免意外发生。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41772335)
  • 北方工业大学有组织科研项目(2023YZKY01)
文献
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间：2024-04-27
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-27
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41772335)
北方工业大学有组织科研项目(2023YZKY01)
作者信息
    北方工业大学　土木工程学院，北京　100144

通讯作者:

孙世国（1959—），男，辽宁鞍山人，博士后，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究.E-mail:
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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