Article(id=1322595267401073453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715184000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260884380, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260884380, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260884380, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260884380, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=148, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595267547874094, articleId=1322595267401073453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Influence of Iron-Silicon Ratio of Magnetite Ore on Mechanical Properties and Energy Consumption Under Dynamic Load, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the crushing properties and energy conversion law of magnetite ore under impact load, taking magnetite ore with different iron-silicon ratios as the research object, the impact crushing test on magnetite ore with different iron-silicon ratios was carried out using split Hopkinson pressure bar to analyze the destructive deformation characteristics, compressive strength and energy conversion law of magnetite ore under different incident stresses, and to reveal the macro-micro crushing mechanism by combining with scanning electron microscope technology. The results show that under the impact load, the stress-strain curves of magnetite ore with different iron-silicon ratios do not have a compression-density phase, and the elasticity modulus, peak stress, and dynamic compressive strength all decrease with the increase of the iron-silicon ratio, and the dissipation energies of the three iron-silicon ratios of magnetite ore increase with the increase of the iron-silicon ratio and the incident energy. With the increase of incident stress, the diameter of the ore fragments is decreasing, the intergranular cracks and transgranular cracks in magnetite ore are increasing, and the width and length of cracks increase with the increase of iron-silicon ratio. When the incident stress is the same, the ore fragments with a large iron-silicon ratio are smaller than those with a small iron-silicon ratio. Therefore, in the actual production of mines, magnetic iron with different iron-silicon ratio can be crushed in batches, which can improve the energy utilisation to a certain extent.

, authors=Yanze LU1, 2, 3, Deqing GAN3, 4, 5, Xin TIAN6, Qinggang WANG1, 2, Zhiyi LIU3, 4, 5, Weihua XIANG1, 2, Lijie WANG1, 2, authorsList=Yanze LU, Deqing GAN, Xin TIAN, Qinggang WANG, Zhiyi LIU, Weihua XIANG, Lijie WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinggang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595276934726489, articleId=1322595267401073453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=动载下磁铁矿石铁硅比对其力学特性及能耗规律的影响, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探明磁铁矿石在冲击载荷作用下的破碎特性及能量转换规律,以不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石为研究对象,利用分离式霍普金森压杆对不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石进行冲击破碎试验,分析磁铁矿石在不同入射应力下的破坏变形特性、抗压强度及能量转换规律,并结合扫描电镜技术揭示宏微观破碎机理。结果表明:在冲击载荷的作用下,不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石应力–应变曲线并无压密阶段,弹性模量、峰值应力、动态抗压强度均随着铁硅比的增大而减小,3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石的耗散能随铁硅比及入射应力的增大而增大;随着入射应力的增大,矿石碎块块径不断减小,磁铁矿石内部沿晶裂隙及穿晶裂隙不断增多,裂隙宽度及长度随铁硅比的增大而增加;当入射应力相同时,铁硅比大的矿石碎块比铁硅比小的碎块块径小。因此,在矿山的实际生产中可以将不同铁硅比含量的磁性铁分批次进行破碎,在一定程度上可以提高能量利用率。

, authors=路燕泽1, 2, 3, 甘德清3, 4, 5, 田欣6, 王庆刚1, 2, 刘志义3, 4, 5, 向伟华1, 2, 王立杰1, 2, authorsList=路燕泽, 甘德清, 田欣, 王庆刚, 刘志义, 向伟华, 王立杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王庆刚, authorNote=

路燕泽(1984—),男,河北衡水人,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王庆刚(1988—),男,河北邯郸人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。E-mail:
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2.Hebei Complex Iron Ore Low Carbon Intelligent and Efficient Mining Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei 054100, China
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articleId=1322595267401073453, language=CN, label=图12, caption=入射应力为120 MPa的SEM图像, figureFileSmall=u2/zyl/X6WPXPfkiKn36bQ==, figureFileBig=Bnrc9i/FBhWHpSNVgnRDkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595910614369219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595267401073453, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical composition analysis of magnetite ore

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成分含量/%铁硅比
TFe38.2890.726
SiO252.728
TFe25.1190.903
SiO227.805
TFe55.6074.174
SiO213.322
), ArticleFig(id=1322595910685672388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595267401073453, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

磁铁矿石主要化学成分分析

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成分含量/%铁硅比
TFe38.2890.726
SiO252.728
TFe25.1190.903
SiO227.805
TFe55.6074.174
SiO213.322
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动载下磁铁矿石铁硅比对其力学特性及能耗规律的影响
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路燕泽 1, 2, 3 , 甘德清 3, 4, 5 , 田欣 6 , 王庆刚 1, 2 , 刘志义 3, 4, 5 , 向伟华 1, 2 , 王立杰 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(3): 148-155
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (3) : 148 -155
动载下磁铁矿石铁硅比对其力学特性及能耗规律的影响
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路燕泽1, 2, 3 , 甘德清3, 4, 5, 田欣6, 王庆刚1, 2 , 刘志义3, 4, 5, 向伟华1, 2, 王立杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.河北钢铁集团沙河中关铁矿有限公司,河北 邢台市 054100
  • 2.河北省复杂铁矿低碳智能高效开采技术创新中心,河北 邢台市 054100
  • 3.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 4.华北理工大学 矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 5.华北理工大学 河北省矿业开发与安全技术实验室,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 6.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北 唐山市 063000
通讯作者:
王庆刚(1988—),男,河北邯郸人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

路燕泽(1984—),男,河北衡水人,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理。E-mail:

Influence of Iron-Silicon Ratio of Magnetite Ore on Mechanical Properties and Energy Consumption Under Dynamic Load
Yanze LU1, 2, 3 , Deqing GAN3, 4, 5, Xin TIAN6, Qinggang WANG1, 2 , Zhiyi LIU3, 4, 5, Weihua XIANG1, 2, Lijie WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shahe Zhongguan Iron Mine Co., Ltd., Hebei Iron and Steel Group, Xingtai, Hebei 054100, China
  • 2.Hebei Complex Iron Ore Low Carbon Intelligent and Efficient Mining Technology Innovation Center, Xingtai, Hebei 054100, China
  • 3.College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 4.Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 5.Hebei Mining Development and Safety Technology Laboratory, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 6.Hebei Iron and Steel Group Mining Co., Ltd., Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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为探明磁铁矿石在冲击载荷作用下的破碎特性及能量转换规律,以不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石为研究对象,利用分离式霍普金森压杆对不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石进行冲击破碎试验,分析磁铁矿石在不同入射应力下的破坏变形特性、抗压强度及能量转换规律,并结合扫描电镜技术揭示宏微观破碎机理。结果表明:在冲击载荷的作用下,不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石应力–应变曲线并无压密阶段,弹性模量、峰值应力、动态抗压强度均随着铁硅比的增大而减小,3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石的耗散能随铁硅比及入射应力的增大而增大;随着入射应力的增大,矿石碎块块径不断减小,磁铁矿石内部沿晶裂隙及穿晶裂隙不断增多,裂隙宽度及长度随铁硅比的增大而增加;当入射应力相同时,铁硅比大的矿石碎块比铁硅比小的碎块块径小。因此,在矿山的实际生产中可以将不同铁硅比含量的磁性铁分批次进行破碎,在一定程度上可以提高能量利用率。

分离式霍普金森压杆  /  磁铁矿石  /  铁硅比  /  力学特性  /  能量损耗  /  破碎机理

In order to investigate the crushing properties and energy conversion law of magnetite ore under impact load, taking magnetite ore with different iron-silicon ratios as the research object, the impact crushing test on magnetite ore with different iron-silicon ratios was carried out using split Hopkinson pressure bar to analyze the destructive deformation characteristics, compressive strength and energy conversion law of magnetite ore under different incident stresses, and to reveal the macro-micro crushing mechanism by combining with scanning electron microscope technology. The results show that under the impact load, the stress-strain curves of magnetite ore with different iron-silicon ratios do not have a compression-density phase, and the elasticity modulus, peak stress, and dynamic compressive strength all decrease with the increase of the iron-silicon ratio, and the dissipation energies of the three iron-silicon ratios of magnetite ore increase with the increase of the iron-silicon ratio and the incident energy. With the increase of incident stress, the diameter of the ore fragments is decreasing, the intergranular cracks and transgranular cracks in magnetite ore are increasing, and the width and length of cracks increase with the increase of iron-silicon ratio. When the incident stress is the same, the ore fragments with a large iron-silicon ratio are smaller than those with a small iron-silicon ratio. Therefore, in the actual production of mines, magnetic iron with different iron-silicon ratio can be crushed in batches, which can improve the energy utilisation to a certain extent.

Split Hopkinson pressure bar  /  Magnetite ore  /  Iron-silicon ratio  /  Mechanical property  /  Energy consumption  /  Crushing mechanism
路燕泽, 甘德清, 田欣, 王庆刚, 刘志义, 向伟华, 王立杰. 动载下磁铁矿石铁硅比对其力学特性及能耗规律的影响. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 148 -155 .
Yanze LU, Deqing GAN, Xin TIAN, Qinggang WANG, Zhiyi LIU, Weihua XIANG, Lijie WANG. Influence of Iron-Silicon Ratio of Magnetite Ore on Mechanical Properties and Energy Consumption Under Dynamic Load[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 148 -155 .
铁矿资源在我国经济发展中占据重要的地位,具有分布范围广、储量高和种类繁多等优点,但是由于矿石种类的差异性,其岩性并不相同。在磁铁矿石的破碎过程中,对不同磁性铁含量的矿石并未分开破碎,导致能量利用不充分,而能量的耗散受矿石本身的矿物成分及比例等诸多因素的影响。因此,从矿石本身性质出发,研究矿物成分及比例对其力学特性及能耗规律的影响具有一定的工程意义。
目前,国内外学者利用室内试验及模拟手段对岩石的力学特性及能耗规律进行了大量的研究。LI X B等[1]、SHU R H等[2]利用霍普金森压杆试验装置对花岗岩进行冲击破碎,分析其动态应力–应变曲线,并对冲击过程中温度对岩石能量耗散的影响进行了研究。为研究石灰岩与砂岩制成的试样在不同应变率下的破坏模式及裂纹扩展,卢振宇等[3]利用高速摄影及压缩试验机进行试验,发现岩石试件的抗压强度受到破坏模式的影响,而岩石的破坏模式随应变率的变化而变化,裂纹的扩展速度与岩石的抗压强度呈正相关关系。李兵磊等[4-5]对大理岩及灰岩进行霍普金森压杆冲击破碎试验,分析了岩石内部裂隙的扩展规律和能量耗散特性及其原因。LIU S等[6]对不同厚度的角闪石进行冲击破碎试验,分析了角闪石的能量吸收之比与应变率的关系,发现两者之间存在很强的对应关系,并同时分析了角闪石的动态力学特性。LIU X H等[7]、郑钰等[8]利用霍普金森压杆试验及高速摄影技术研究煤岩的破坏模式和能量耗散,发现煤岩的破坏模式由劈裂破坏转换为压碎破坏,随着应变率的增大,煤岩的破碎块度逐渐减小。杨志良等[9]对弱胶结砂质泥岩进行巴西劈裂试验,对其在破坏过程中的声发射特征、损伤变量演化等进行了分析。DAI B等[10]通过对花岗岩试件进行冲击破碎试验,分析了花岗岩的力学性质及能量规律,发现试件的吸收能随着应变率的增大而增多,破碎程度加大,碎块块度变小。叶海旺等[11]对不同品位的石墨矿进行冲击破碎试验,结果表明,随着品位的增加,石墨的破坏模式由张拉破坏转换为张拉-剪切破坏,并且随着应变率的增大,入射能呈指数增长。
综上所述,目前主要针对砂岩、花岗岩、煤岩及大理岩等岩石在破坏过程中的能量耗散特性、力学特性及破坏模式进行了研究,但是对于不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石的力学特性及能量耗散的分析较少。因此,本研究利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置对不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石开展冲击压缩试验,探究不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石在破坏过程中的力学特性及能量转换规律,同时结合扫描电镜探讨破碎程度与能量之间的关系,以期为矿山在不同铁硅比的矿石破碎过程中提高能量利用率提供一定的参考。
本次试验采用直径为50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆试验装置对不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石进行冲击压缩试验,如图1所示。SHPB试验装置由3大系统与主体设备构成,3大系统包括动力驱动系统、数据采集系统及数据处理系统,主体设备由弹头、入射杆、透射杆及吸收杆构成,其中入射杆与吸收杆杆长均为2 m,为获得正弦波,采用纺锤形弹头进行冲击。入射杆及透射杆中间粘贴应变片,用以接收波信号,弹头冲击入射杆产生的波信号通过杆传递到试样,因波阻抗的不同,在试样内部产生损耗,然后穿过试样传递到透射杆,最后被吸收杆吸收。缓冲装置起到缓冲的作用,使吸收杆速度降为0。
在入射杆及透射杆中间粘贴的应变片会实时记录应力波在杆内传播的过程,应力波通过应变片传递到应变仪,应变仪转化为波信号在示波器上展现出来,将获得的波信号代入以下SHPB基本公式中计算,即可得到岩石的应力σ(t)、应变ε(t)以及应变率,应变率单位为s−1。
式中:σ1(t)、σR(t)和σT(t)分别为t时刻的入射、反射和透射应力,MPa;ρeCe为杆的波阻抗,MPa/s;Ls为试件的长度,m;Ae与As分别为杆和试样截面积,m2。
在SHPB冲击试验中,由文献[12]可知各能量的计算公式。纺锤形弹头通过撞击入射杆产生入射应力波,通过式(4)可计算出入射能;一部分应力波通过试样后到达透射杆,在透射杆中产生透射应力波,通过式(5)可计算出透射能;另外一部分应力波传递到入射杆与试样的接触面时发生反射,在入射杆中产生反射应力波,通过式(6)可计算出反射能。
式中:WI(t)、WT(t)、WR(t)分别为入射能、透射能、反射能,J;E0为弹性模量,Pa;C0为杆中一维应力传播速度,m/s;A0为杆的横截面积,m2;εI(t)、εR(t)和εT(t)分别为压杆上对应于入射波、反射波和透射波的应变。
无论试样如何加工,试样两端都不会完全平整,因此为了消除试样的端面效应,通常在压杆与磁铁矿石试样的接触面涂抹黄油进行润滑,可使磁铁矿石与两杆紧密接触。在磁铁矿石破碎过程中消耗的能量记为耗散能WS(t),如式(7),磁铁矿石试件的耗散能等于入射能减去透射能与反射能之和。
冲击破碎试验中,岩石的差异性会导致能耗的不同,为了避免这种情况,本文采用单位耗散能来表征试件破碎耗能状况,计算公式见式(8):
式中:ηa为磁铁矿石试样破碎单位耗散能,J/m3;Vs为试样体积,m3。
本次采用3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石进行冲击压缩试验,所用的磁铁矿石试样均取自河北省内铁矿山,为了消除岩石的差异性,每一种铁硅比的磁铁矿石均取自同一块完整矿岩。根据学者们的研究[13-17],使用直径为50 mm的SHPB试验装置时,试样采用长径比为0.5时较为合理。为了使磁铁矿石与杆亲密接触,本次试样的直径设计为50 mm,高度则为25 mm。对所取矿石进行取芯、切割以及抛光打磨等一系列工作,制成如图2所示的磁铁矿石试样。采用3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石,经预试验确认,分别采用90 MPa、100 MPa、110 MPa、120 MPa的入射应力进行冲击破碎试验,每个入射应力下设计两块磁铁矿石,再留一块备用,总共36块磁铁矿石。
对所取磁铁矿石进行化学成分分析试验(XRF),试验结果见表1,分别得到磁铁矿石的全铁含量与二氧化硅的含量。为了消除因磁性铁含量的不同导致能量差异,选择全铁含量与二氧化硅含量的比值(铁硅比)来衡量二氧化硅对磁铁矿石在冲击载荷的作用下能量的变化情况,磁铁矿石的铁硅比分别为0.726, 0.903, 4.174。
对比分析不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石在不同的入射应力下的应力–应变曲线,发现其基本规律都一样,因此选取入射应力为120 MPa下的磁铁矿石应力–应变曲线进行分析。图3为3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石在入射应力为120 MPa时的应力–应变曲线,在冲击载荷作用下,3种铁硅比的应力–应变曲线均呈现出以下3个阶段。
(1)弹性阶段(OA段):在冲击载荷作用下,由于加载时间极短,试样宏微观原有裂隙闭合和压密过程极短,所以曲线并未有向下凹的阶段,直接进入弹性阶段,该阶段近似直线,因此把该阶段曲线的斜率作为岩石的动态弹性模量。
(2)裂纹演化阶段 (AB段): 该阶段随着应变的持续增大,应力增长的速度减缓,曲线的斜率不断减小。
(3)卸载阶段 (B峰后段): 当磁铁矿石出现宏观破裂裂纹的时候,磁铁矿石的承载能力下降,但是仍然有一定的支撑能力,所以曲线出现应力回弹现象。
随着铁硅比的增大,磁铁矿石的弹性模量不断减小,达到峰值点的应变时间不断延后,最大应力不断减小。这可能是因为磁铁矿石内部二氧化硅含量的不同,导致磁铁矿石的弹塑性有一定的差别,二氧化硅晶体强度大于磁性铁晶体强度,所以铁硅比大的磁铁矿石展现出更强的弹塑性。
图4为磁铁矿石铁硅比与动态抗压强度的关系柱状图(因趋势都一样,所以选取入射应力为120 MPa的数值进行比较)。由图4可知,磁铁矿石动态抗压强度随铁硅比的增大而减小,原因是铁硅比越大,磁铁矿石所含石英颗粒越少,磁铁矿石由石英作为胶结矿物的时候,磁铁矿石会出现硅化,因此动态抗压强度随着石英含量的减小而减小[18]。
图5为不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石入射应力与耗散能的关系柱状图,随着入射应力的增大,磁铁矿石破碎所消耗的能量不断增大。从整体的趋势看,磁铁矿石的耗散能随着铁硅比的增大而增大,这可能是因为磁铁矿石内部磁性铁的含量不同,磁性铁晶体强度低,在相同的入射应力下,磁铁矿石内部磁性铁晶体多的磁铁矿石内部破碎比较完全,而磁性铁晶体少的磁铁矿石内部二氧化硅晶体多、强度大,所以内部破碎并不完全。
图6为不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石的入射能与单位耗散能的关系。
由图6可知,随着入射能的增大,磁铁矿石的单位耗散能也在不断增大,且3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石增加趋势相似,但是铁硅比为0.726的磁铁矿石试件的曲线走势较缓,这一趋势是与试件本身所含石英颗粒所展现出来的弹塑性相关联的。随着铁硅比的增大,拟合曲线的斜率在不断增大,因此当提高入射能时,用于破碎磁铁矿石的能量也在提高,通过控制入射能可以控制能耗密度,同时也能控制磁铁矿石破碎粒度和输入能量,可以对磁铁矿石的解离度进行一个有效控制。铁硅比为0.726, 0.903, 4.174时的相关性系数分别为0.85, 0.91, 0.91。
如图7为不同入射应力时磁铁矿石铁硅比与单位耗散能的关系柱状图。冲击载荷作用下,不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石的单位耗散能随着入射应力的增加而增大,单位耗散能随着铁硅比的增加而增大,磁铁矿石中石英颗粒的含量越大,其在相同入射应力下单位耗散能较小,反之则越大。相同入射应力下,当磁铁矿石需要破碎到一定的碎块时,铁硅比大的磁铁矿石能量利用率更高。
图8为不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石在不同入射应力冲击载荷作用下的破碎碎块。由图8可知,3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石碎块块径的大小不仅与入射应力大小息息相关,还与铁硅比大小有关。随着入射应力增大,磁铁矿石的碎块块径逐渐减小,小颗粒和粉末不断增加。在相同的入射应力下,铁硅比大的磁铁矿石碎块块径都比铁硅比小的磁铁矿石碎块块径小。这是因为铁硅比大的磁铁矿石内部磁性铁晶体占比多,强度弱,在相同的能量下,更容易破碎;而铁硅比小的磁铁矿石内部二氧化硅晶体占比多,强度大,抵抗变形的能力强,不容易被破坏。在矿山实际生产中,为了达到相同的入磨粒度,对于含磁性铁晶体多的磁铁矿石,可以相应地减少输入能;对于磁性铁较少的矿石,可相应地增大输入能,使磁铁矿石内部金属矿物颗粒与脉石矿物颗粒充分分离,达到解离的效果,提高能量的利用率。
扫描电镜可以很好地观察岩石破碎后内部的破碎形貌,并且能从断裂方式分析消耗的能量。在目前的研究中[19],磁铁矿石的断裂方式所消耗的能量大小为:拉伸破坏小于剪切破坏,产生沿晶裂隙小于产生穿晶裂隙,裂隙直线扩展破坏小于裂隙折线扩展破坏。因此,可根据不同的破碎形貌来区分耗能。
(1)入射应力为90 MPa时的SEM图像如图9所示,3种铁硅比的磁铁矿石所展现出的破坏模式基本相同,都破碎成两个大块,基本都沿原有裂隙扩展开,并未产生微小裂隙,破碎结构面均较紧凑,平整光滑,在该入射应力下不会产生沿晶及穿晶破坏。
(2)入射应力为100 MPa时的SEM图像如图10所示,铁硅比为0.903和4.174的磁铁矿石在该幅值下产生了沿晶裂隙,但是比较平直,铁硅比为0.726的磁铁矿石产生了层状撕裂,但是破裂面仍然比较光滑。铁硅比为0.903和4.174的磁铁矿石在冲击载荷的作用下,能明显看到沿晶裂隙在切割矿物颗粒,断裂面出现一些穿晶微裂隙,但是主要以沿晶断裂为主,破裂面并未出现细小颗粒。
(3)入射应力为110 MPa时的SEM图像如图11所示,磁铁矿石内部产生较多的沿晶裂隙及穿晶裂隙,并且沿晶裂隙及穿晶裂隙的长度和宽度均随铁硅比的增大而增加,破碎面均不平整,出现层状撕裂、波浪状和片状的破碎形貌,产生的沿晶裂隙及穿晶裂隙均曲折扩展,所消耗的能量较多。
(4)入射应力为120 MPa时的SEM图像如图12所示,铁硅比为0.903的磁铁矿石破碎形貌主要是矿物颗粒呈现球面出露,而裂隙多为颗粒之间的沿晶裂隙及晶内的沿晶裂隙,并且曲折扩展;铁硅比为4.174的磁铁矿石破碎面的裂隙宽度较大,原因是磁铁矿石内部胶结矿物强度较低,在低入射能下快速扩展;铁硅比为0.726的磁铁矿石破碎形貌较复杂,但是磁性铁晶体的破碎面较光滑。
本文利用分离式霍普金森压杆对不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石进行冲击破碎试验,分析了磁铁矿石的力学特性、各能量转化规律,结合扫描电镜分析了磁铁矿石宏微观破碎形态。主要结论如下:
(1)在冲击载荷作用下,不同铁硅比的磁铁矿石应力–应变曲线起始并无压密阶段,直接进入线弹性阶段,随铁硅比的增大,弹性模量减小,达到峰值点的应变时间延后,最大应力不断减小,动态抗压强度随铁硅比的增大而减小;
(2)在冲击载荷作用下,磁铁矿石单位耗散能随入射能的增大而增大,拟合曲线的斜率随着铁硅比的增大而增大;
(3)磁铁矿石的碎块块径随入射应力的增大而减小,当入射应力相同时,铁硅比大的磁铁矿石碎块比铁硅比小的磁铁矿石碎块块径小;
(4)在冲击载荷作用下,磁铁矿石内部破碎形貌随入射应力的增大而变得复杂,内部产生的沿晶裂隙及穿晶裂隙随着入射应力的增大而增多,随着铁硅比的增大,裂隙宽度及长度均增加。
  • 河北省博士研究生创新资助项目(CXZZBS2024137)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-09
基金
河北省博士研究生创新资助项目(CXZZBS2024137)
作者信息
    1.河北钢铁集团沙河中关铁矿有限公司,河北 邢台市 054100
    2.河北省复杂铁矿低碳智能高效开采技术创新中心,河北 邢台市 054100
    3.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
    4.华北理工大学 矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
    5.华北理工大学 河北省矿业开发与安全技术实验室,河北 唐山市 063210
    6.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北 唐山市 063000

通讯作者:

王庆刚(1988—),男,河北邯郸人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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