Article(id=1322595249550115494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714233600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260880123, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260880123, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260880123, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260880123, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=128, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595249717887655, articleId=1322595249550115494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Marble After Damage Caused by Dynamic and Static Combined Loads, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the mechanical properties of marble after damage caused by dynamic and static combined loads, the improved split Hopkinson pressure bar device was used to carry out dynamic and static combined load damage tests on marble at four axial compression levels (0, 18 MPa, 36 MPa, 54 MPa) and three impact velocity levels (8 m/s, 9 m/s, 10 m/s). The uniaxial compression acoustic emission tests on the damaged marble was carried out. The results show that under the action of static and dynamic combination, with the increase of axial static pressure, the dynamic peak stress, dynamic elastic modulus and wave velocity of marble increase firstly and then decrease. The absorption energy is closely related to the axial static pressure. When the axial static pressure is low, the energy required for the closure of microcracks in the rock is mainly obtained from the impact bar. With the increase of axial static pressure, the proportion of energy obtained from the impact bar gradually decreases. With the increase of axial static pressure, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock after damage caused by dynamic and static combined load increase firstly and then decrease. When the axial static pressure is 18 MPa, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock reach the maximum value. Appropriate axial static pressure can effectively improve the ability of rock to resist dynamic load and reduce rock damage. In the middle and later stages of the uniaxial loading failure process, the less the number of high-frequency acoustic emission signals (>400 kHz) of the rock with small damage degree, the more the number of medium and low-frequency acoustic emission signals (165 - 205 kHz). The proportion of acoustic emission signals at 165−205 kHz increases firstly and then decreases during the whole loading process, which can be used as a precursory feature of rock failure.

, authors=Kui ZHAO1, 2, Zeliang YAN2, Peng ZENG1, 2, Daoxue YANG2, authorsList=Kui ZHAO, Zeliang YAN, Peng ZENG, Daoxue YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peng ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595253962523330, articleId=1322595249550115494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=动静组合载荷致损后大理岩力学特性试验研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究动静组合载荷致损后大理岩的力学特性,利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆装置对大理岩进行4个轴压水平(0、18 MPa、36 MPa、54 MPa)和3个冲击速度水平(8 m/s、9 m/s、10 m/s)下的动静组合载荷致损试验,对致损后的大理岩进行单轴压缩声发射试验。研究结果表明:动静组合作用下,随着轴向静压的增大,大理岩动态峰值应力、动态弹性模量、波速均呈先增大后减小的变化规律;吸收能与轴向静压密切相关,在轴向静压水平较低时,岩石内部微裂纹闭合所需能量主要从冲击杆中获得,随着轴向静压的增大,岩石从冲击杆中获得的能量占比逐渐减小;随着轴向静压的增大,动静组合载荷致损后岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,轴向静压为18 MPa时,岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量达到最大值,适当的轴向静压能有效提高岩石抵抗动载荷的能力,减小岩石的损伤;单轴加载破坏过程中、后期,损伤程度小的岩石出现的声发射高频信号(>400 kHz)数量越少,中、低频声发射信号(165~205 kHz)数量越多。165~205 kHz的声发射信号占比在整个加载破坏过程中呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,可将其作为岩石破坏的前兆特征。

, authors=赵奎1, 2, 闫泽亮2, 曾鹏1, 2, 杨道学2, authorsList=赵奎, 闫泽亮, 曾鹏, 杨道学, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曾鹏, authorNote=

赵奎(1969—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授,博导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:

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曾鹏(1987-),男,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:
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赵奎(1969—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授,博导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:

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赵奎(1969—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授,博导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:

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动静组合载荷致损后大理岩力学特性试验研究
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赵奎 1, 2 , 闫泽亮 2 , 曾鹏 1, 2 , 杨道学 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(3): 128-136
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (3) : 128 -136
动静组合载荷致损后大理岩力学特性试验研究
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赵奎(1969—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授,博导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:

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赵奎(1969—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授,博导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:

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赵奎1, 2 , 闫泽亮2, 曾鹏1, 2 , 杨道学2
作者信息
  • 1.江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000
  • 2.江西理工大学 土木与测绘工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000
通讯作者:
曾鹏(1987-),男,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

赵奎(1969—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授,博导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Marble After Damage Caused by Dynamic and Static Combined Loads
Kui ZHAO1, 2 , Zeliang YAN2, Peng ZENG1, 2 , Daoxue YANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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为研究动静组合载荷致损后大理岩的力学特性,利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆装置对大理岩进行4个轴压水平(0、18 MPa、36 MPa、54 MPa)和3个冲击速度水平(8 m/s、9 m/s、10 m/s)下的动静组合载荷致损试验,对致损后的大理岩进行单轴压缩声发射试验。研究结果表明:动静组合作用下,随着轴向静压的增大,大理岩动态峰值应力、动态弹性模量、波速均呈先增大后减小的变化规律;吸收能与轴向静压密切相关,在轴向静压水平较低时,岩石内部微裂纹闭合所需能量主要从冲击杆中获得,随着轴向静压的增大,岩石从冲击杆中获得的能量占比逐渐减小;随着轴向静压的增大,动静组合载荷致损后岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,轴向静压为18 MPa时,岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量达到最大值,适当的轴向静压能有效提高岩石抵抗动载荷的能力,减小岩石的损伤;单轴加载破坏过程中、后期,损伤程度小的岩石出现的声发射高频信号(>400 kHz)数量越少,中、低频声发射信号(165~205 kHz)数量越多。165~205 kHz的声发射信号占比在整个加载破坏过程中呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,可将其作为岩石破坏的前兆特征。

动静组合载荷  /  力学特性  /  轴向静压  /  冲击速度  /  声发射信号

To study the mechanical properties of marble after damage caused by dynamic and static combined loads, the improved split Hopkinson pressure bar device was used to carry out dynamic and static combined load damage tests on marble at four axial compression levels (0, 18 MPa, 36 MPa, 54 MPa) and three impact velocity levels (8 m/s, 9 m/s, 10 m/s). The uniaxial compression acoustic emission tests on the damaged marble was carried out. The results show that under the action of static and dynamic combination, with the increase of axial static pressure, the dynamic peak stress, dynamic elastic modulus and wave velocity of marble increase firstly and then decrease. The absorption energy is closely related to the axial static pressure. When the axial static pressure is low, the energy required for the closure of microcracks in the rock is mainly obtained from the impact bar. With the increase of axial static pressure, the proportion of energy obtained from the impact bar gradually decreases. With the increase of axial static pressure, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock after damage caused by dynamic and static combined load increase firstly and then decrease. When the axial static pressure is 18 MPa, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock reach the maximum value. Appropriate axial static pressure can effectively improve the ability of rock to resist dynamic load and reduce rock damage. In the middle and later stages of the uniaxial loading failure process, the less the number of high-frequency acoustic emission signals (>400 kHz) of the rock with small damage degree, the more the number of medium and low-frequency acoustic emission signals (165 - 205 kHz). The proportion of acoustic emission signals at 165−205 kHz increases firstly and then decreases during the whole loading process, which can be used as a precursory feature of rock failure.

Static and dynamic combined load  /  Mechanical property  /  Axial static pressure  /  Impact velocity  /  Acoustic emission signal
赵奎, 闫泽亮, 曾鹏, 杨道学. 动静组合载荷致损后大理岩力学特性试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 128 -136 .
Kui ZHAO, Zeliang YAN, Peng ZENG, Daoxue YANG. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Marble After Damage Caused by Dynamic and Static Combined Loads[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 128 -136 .
矿山开采过程中,矿柱及围岩不仅受地应力作用,同时还受到爆破振动、机械开挖等动载扰动的影响[1-2]。工程实际中,矿柱及围岩在受到这类动静组合载荷作用后不会立即失去最大承载能力,而是会发生不同程度的损伤,当再次受到地应力作用时发生破坏,对采矿人员及设备的安全造成威胁。因此,开展不同轴向静压和冲击速度下的岩石动静组合致损试验,研究动静组合致损后的岩石力学特性,对矿山开采井巷工程的安全与稳定性分析评价具有重要意义。
目前,学者们围绕动静组合加载条件下的岩石失稳破坏演化规律进行了大量研究,并取得了大量研究成果,总结起来主要包括动静组合加载过程中岩石的动态力学响应特征、能量演化规律、破坏模式等方面[3-8]。此外,部分学者还对已发生初始损伤的岩石进行动静组合试验研究,根据造成岩石初始损伤状态的成因不同,大致可分为循环冲击致损[9]、循环加卸载致损[10]、蠕变致损[11]等。例如,YANG等[12]对预损伤岩石进行动静组合加载试验,分析了预损伤岩样的总损伤变量,并建立了损伤演化方程及相应的损伤本构关系。陈彦龙等[13]对经循环加卸载后的损伤煤岩开展了动静组合加载试验,研究发现,加载应变率一定时,岩石的动态峰值应力和弹性模量随着其损伤程度的增大线性降低。陈见行等[14]对循环加卸载预处理过的砂岩开展动静组合加卸载试验,探讨了不同循环阈值和冲击气压下砂岩的动态力学响应、能量演化规律及破碎分形特征。
声发射可准确反映岩石的损伤演化过程,因此被广泛应用于岩石的变形和破坏监测。如针对不同加载方式下的岩石声发射参数研究,包括单轴压缩、三轴压缩、循环加卸载等[15-17],使得人们对岩石在不同加载方式下的声发射参数特征有了一定认识。由于波形分析法在分析岩石声发射信号方面较参数分析法更具优势,越来越多的学者围绕声发射波形特征展开了研究。曾斌鹏等[18]利用小波包分析法对红砂岩的主频特征进行了研究。赵奎等[19]在花岗岩试验中发现,随着高温持续时间增加,350 ℃条件下岩石特征应力处的声发射主频减小,950 ℃条件下岩石特征应力处的声发射主频增大。陈炳瑞等[20]在花岗岩试验中发现,岩石破坏具有“即时型”特征,岩石发生破坏前170~260 kHz频带间的主频分布增加。
综上所述,目前的研究主要集中在岩石受单一动静组合加载的力学特性或不同预损伤岩石的动态力学特性等方面,而有关岩石在动静组合载荷致损后的力学特性鲜有报道。基于此,本文通过SHPB系统对大理岩开展动静组合载荷致损试验,分析不同轴向静压和冲击速度对岩石的损伤作用,再对致损后的岩石进行单轴压缩声发射试验,研究动静组合载荷致损后岩石的力学特性及声发射主频特征,以期为矿山开采井巷工程的安全与稳定性评价提供基础依据。
试验材料选用风化程度低、均质性好的大理岩为母料,参考国际岩石力学学会规范,将试样统一加工打磨成直径50 mm,高100 mm的标准岩样,同时确保每块岩样的平整度,使其侧面不垂直度和端面不平行度均小于0.02 mm。利用超声波波速仪测试岩样,筛选出波速相近的岩石作为标准岩样,并对其进行编号。
(1)动静组合加载试验。采用改进后的霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,通过在入射杆前端安设薄挡板并在透射杆后端添加轴压系统,即可施加与冲击方向一致的轴向静压。
(2)单轴压缩试验。采用RMT-150C试验机,试验过程同步采集应变和声发射,其中应变采集系统采用YJZ-16型电阻应变仪,声发射采集系统采用PCI-Ⅱ型Digital AE System。
(1)单轴压缩试验。选取标准岩样进行单轴压缩试验,加载速率设置为0.5 kN/s,加载模式为力加载控制。
(2)动态冲击致损试验。选取标准岩样进行不同冲击速度下的冲击试验,以肉眼观测岩样经冲击后表面有明显裂纹、岩石未破碎为依据,依次设计后续不同冲击速度下的冲击试验(试验表明,冲击速度小于7 m/s时,岩样表面无明显裂纹产生,冲击速度大于11 m/s时,岩样呈粉碎性破坏)。根据前期冲击试验结果,依次开展8 m/s、9 m/s和10 m/s冲击速度下的动态冲击致损试验。
(3)动静组合载荷致损试验。通过连接轴压系统的手动泵,调整轴向静压至0、18 MPa、36 MPa和54 MPa,然后调节冲击气压和异型冲头在发射腔的位置控制冲击速度,对每个轴向静压水平下的大理岩分别进行冲击速度为8 m/s、9 m/s和10 m/s的动静组合致损试验。
(4)动静组合致损后单轴压缩试验。对动静组合致损后岩样进行单轴压缩试验,加载速率设置为0.5 kN/s,加载模式为力加载控制。
采用超声波波速仪测得动静组合载荷致损后大理岩的平均波速如图1所示。
由图1可知,未受冲击的大理岩平均波速为3 571 m/s。当轴向静压为0,冲击速度为8 m/s、9 m/s、10 m/s时,对应的平均波速分别为3 481 m/s、3 477 m/s、3 387 m/s,与未受冲击的岩石相比,冲击速度8 m/s、9 m/s、10 m/s下的大理岩平均波速分别降低了2.5%、2.6%、5.2%。由此可知,随着冲击速度的增加,大理岩的平均波速逐渐减小,冲击速度与波速呈负相关关系。
当冲击速度一定时,随着轴向静压的增大,大理岩的平均波速呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,在轴向静压为18 MPa时,岩石的平均波速达到最大值。
分析结果表明,在动静组合作用下,当未施加轴向静压时,由于冲击过程时间很短,岩石内部的微裂纹在冲击作用下并不能及时闭合,这些裂纹为应力波提供了大量的反射面,应力波在岩石裂缝间的传播如图2所示。当压缩波遇到裂缝时,会以拉伸波的形式进行反射,应力波在裂缝间的多次透反射引起岩石试件产生了局部损伤,致使其自身孔隙增多,波速降低[21]。当轴向静压存在时,岩石内部微裂纹在轴向静压的作用下完全闭合,应力波可以不反射地穿过闭合裂缝,极大地抑制了局部损伤对岩石的弱化作用,导致其波速相应增大。
损伤度D是反映岩石其内部结构变化的重要参数,可通过采用超声波波速量化岩石的损伤程度[22],具体表达式如下:
式中:V表示动静组合加载后大理岩的波速,m/s;V0表示未受冲击状态下大理岩的波速,m/s。
图3为不同轴向静压和冲击速度下岩石的平均损伤度。由图3可知,损伤度与冲击速度成正相关关系,且当冲击速度超过9 m/s时,岩石的损伤程度大幅增加。
损伤度与轴向静压密切相关。轴向静压为18 MPa时,动态冲击对岩石造成的损伤最少,平均损伤度最低;轴向静压由18 MPa增大到36 MPa时,岩石的损伤程度明显增大。当轴向静压继续增大到54 MPa时,岩石的损伤程度进一步增大,但损伤变化趋势有所变缓。
随着轴向静压的增大,岩石的平均损伤度呈先减小后增大的变化趋势。主要原因是施加轴向静压后,大理岩的初始微裂纹和原始孔隙在轴向静压的作用下逐渐闭合,岩样的密实性得到大幅提高,从而增强了岩石抵抗动载荷的能力。随着轴向静压继续增大,岩石在冲击试验开始前就因预加的轴向静压产生了一定程度的损伤,动态冲击作用进一步加速了岩样劣化,岩石的孔隙和裂缝数量增多,平均损伤度增大。
为了深入研究动静组合作用下大理岩的动态力学特性及能量演化规律,选取不同轴向静压和冲击速度下的典型岩样,分析得到不同轴向静压和冲击速度下岩石的动态应力–应变曲线,如图4所示。
由图4可知,轴向静压一定时,岩石的动态峰值应力随着冲击速度的增加而增大。以轴向静压为18 MPa的岩石为例,当冲击速度由8 m/s增大到10 m/s后,岩石的动态峰值应力增大了35%,表现出明显的加载速率强化效应。究其原因,岩石在动静组合加载过程中,应力波的传播速度快于岩石颗粒间运动及岩体结构发生变形的速度,晶体颗粒间发生错动、滑移,并产生大量热量,有利于岩石软化过程的进行,即使吸收更多的能量,岩体结构也不会发生断裂,从而表现出岩石动态峰值应力增大的现象。
图5和图6分别为不同冲击速度下大理岩峰值应力和动态弹性模量随轴向静压的变化曲线。
由图5和图6可知,随着轴向静压的增大,不同冲击速度下岩石峰值应力和动态弹性模量均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。以冲击速度8 m/s的岩石为例,随着轴向静压不断增大,岩石的动态峰值应力分别为91.7 MPa、103.96 MPa、91.26 MPa、74.45 MPa,动态弹性模量分别为35.91 GPa、73.94 GPa、59.28 GPa、41.33 GPa,轴向静压为18 MPa时岩石峰值应力和动态弹性模量均达到最大值。可以认为动静组合加载对岩石的峰值应力起强化作用,轴向静压能在一定程度上抑制微裂纹的扩展,促使沿轴向垂直的天然裂纹逐渐闭合,增大岩石的波阻抗,从而提高岩石抵抗动载荷的能力。
通过对动静组合加载试验过程中入射能、反射能和透射能的变化关系进行分析,可以间接推演岩石的内部损伤,对分析岩石的动态损伤演化规律及相关机理解释具有重要意义。
图7为动静组合作用下大理岩透射能随轴向静压和冲击速度的变化关系。由图7可知,当冲击速度一定时,随着轴向静压的增大,岩石的透射能呈先增加后减小的变化趋势。
究其原因,当轴向静压水平较低时,岩石内部原生裂纹和孔隙等微观缺陷在轴向静压的作用下逐渐闭合,岩石的致密性提高,透射能增大;当轴向静压水平较高时,岩石内部微观缺陷得到进一步发展,微裂纹数量增多,应力波穿过岩石试件的阻力增大,透射能减小。
岩石的吸收能反映了动静组合作用下大理岩内部微裂纹从萌生、扩展、贯通至最后破坏失效的过程,是岩石发生不可逆变形破坏的本质原因。图8为动静组合作用下岩石吸收能随轴向静压和冲击速度的变化曲线。由图8可知,当冲击速度一定时,随着轴向静压的增大,岩石的吸收能整体表现为先增大后减小的变化趋势。
当轴向静压为54 MPa时,部分吸收能为负值,岩石由吸收能量转变为释放能量。分析产生这一现象的原因是,在轴向静压作用下,岩石破坏所需的能量从冲击杆和岩石内部释放的弹性能中获得。当轴向静压水平较低时,岩石内部结构相对较为稳定,岩石内部微裂纹闭合所需能量主要从冲击杆中获得,而随着轴向静压不断增大,岩石内部积聚的弹性能不断增多,岩石从冲击杆中获得的能量占比逐渐减小。当岩石从冲击杆中获得的能量小于其内部释放的弹性能时,吸收能为负值。
图9和图10分别为不同轴向静压和冲击速度下岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量变化曲线。当轴向静压一定时,随着冲击速度的增加,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量均呈逐渐减小的变化趋势。
随着轴向静压的增大,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。以冲击速度为8 m/s的岩石为例,轴向静压由0增大到18 MPa时,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量分别由119.59 MPa、16.61 GPa增至122.26 MPa、18.29 GPa;轴向静压由18 MPa增大到36 MPa时,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量下降至117.22 MPa、15.09 GPa; 轴向静压由36 MPa增大到54 MPa时,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量继续下降至115.34 MPa、12.21 GPa。说明适当的轴向静压能有效提高岩石抵抗动载荷的能力,减少因冲击造成的动态损伤,从而表现为单轴抗压强度在一定程度上的提高。
声发射主频特征可揭示岩石变形破坏过程,进一步反映岩石内部损伤情况。分析得到动静组合载荷致损后大理岩在单轴压缩破坏过程中的声发射主频随应力-时间演化特征,如图11所示。
由图11可知,声发射主频信号分布大致可以分为3个频带:低频段(0~200 kHz)、中频段(200~400 kHz)、高频段(≥400 kHz)。随着岩石损伤程度的增大,当加载应力小于30 MPa时,低频段和中频段信号逐渐增加,几乎无高频段信号;当加载应力为30~70 MPa时,中频段和高频段信号逐渐增加,低频段信号减少;当加载应力超过70 MPa时,高频段信号明显增加,中频段、低频段信号略有减少。其中,165~205 kHz的声发射信号占比在整个加载破坏过程中呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,且在峰值应力附近开始下降,因此,可将此类声发射信号(165~205 kHz)占比逐渐降低的现象作为岩石破坏的前兆特征。
图12为加载应力临近峰值应力时的中、低频段信号(165~205 kHz)占比。由图12可知,损伤程度最小的岩石的中、低频段信号(165~205 kHz)占比为12.1%,随着岩石损伤程度增大,中、低频段信号(165~205 kHz)占比逐渐减小,表明岩石出现破坏前兆特征的时间越早。
利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆装置对大理岩进行了4个轴压水平和3个冲击速度水平的动静组合载荷致损试验,再对致损后的大理岩进行单轴压缩声发射试验,得到主要结论如下。
(1)动静组合作用下,岩石内部的微裂纹和孔隙在轴向静压作用下逐渐闭合,应力波在裂缝间的反射次数减少,岩石损伤降低;轴向静压增大后,岩石在冲击前就已产生一定的损伤。岩石的动态峰值应力、动态弹性模量、波速均随着轴向静压的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化规律。
(2)岩石内部微裂纹闭合所需能量从冲击杆和内部释放的弹性能中获得,随着轴向静压的增大,岩石从冲击杆中获得的能量占比逐渐减小。当岩石从冲击杆中获得的能量小于其内部释放的弹性能时,吸收能为负值。
(3)动静组合载荷致损后的岩石单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随轴向静压增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,在轴向静压为18 MPa时达到最大值。适当的轴向静压使得岩石内部孔隙和缺陷有效闭合,从而提高岩石抵抗动载荷的能力,降低其损伤程度。
(4)单轴加载破坏过程中、后期,损伤程度小的岩石出现的声发射高频信号(>400 kHz)数量越少,中、低频声发射信号(165~205 kHz)数量越多。其中,165~205 kHz的声发射信号占比在整个加载破坏过程中呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。因此,可将此类声发射信号(165~205 kHz)占比逐渐降低的现象作为岩石破坏的前兆特征。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52164004; 52104086)
  • 江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBG71009)
  • 江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2022-S638)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52164004; 52104086)
江西省重点研发计划项目(20212BBG71009)
江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2022-S638)
作者信息
    1.江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000
    2.江西理工大学 土木与测绘工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000

通讯作者:

曾鹏(1987-),男,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕导,从事采矿工程、岩石力学与工程稳定性方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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