Article(id=1322595246035284006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260879286, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260879286, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260879286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260879286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=49, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595247683645479, articleId=1322595246035284006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Static and Dynamic Flocculation Settlement Law of Total Tailings Based on Response Surface Method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Thickening and dewatering of tailings is a key link in the tailings filling process. In order to explore the thickening and dewatering performance of tailings in a mine, static and dynamic flocculation settlement tests of tailings were carried out according to the basic physicochemical properties of tailings. The static flocculation settlement tests were designed with the mass concentration of tailings slurry, the flocculant type and the flocculant content as the influencing factors and the settlement rate as the research index. The dynamic flocculation settlement tests were designed with feed rate, feed mass concentration and flocculant content as influencing factors, and solid content of overflow water, underflow mass concentration and settling velocity of tailings as research indexes. Based on response surface analysis method, the dynamic flocculation settlement law of total tailings under the interaction of multiple factors was revealed. Firstly, through the static flocculation settlement tests, the optimal type of flocculant was determined as CKFA02, the optimal content of flocculant was determined as 20 g/t, and the optimal feed mass concentration of tailings slurry was determined as 10%−12.5%. Secondly, according to the response surface model constructed based on the dynamic flocculation settlement tests, the maximum influencing factors on the underflow mass concentration, solid content of overflow water, and settling velocity of tailings are the slurry feed rate. The interaction between slurry feed rate and feed mass concentration has the greatest impact on the underflow mass concentration, while the interaction between slurry feed rate and flocculant content has the greatest impact on the solid content of overflow water and settling velocity of tailings. Thirdly, the optimal settlement parameters are the slurry feed rate of 0.55 t/(m2·h), feed mass concentration of 11.12%, flocculant content of 30 g/t. Under the optimal flocculation settlement parameters, the underflow mass concentration is 60.6%, the solid content of overflow water is 251.4 mg/L, and the settling velocity of tailings is 58.06 mm/s.

, authors=Yuan YAO1, Peiqiang WANG1, Xin ZHU2, 3, Wei LAI2, 3, Xuyan YIN2, 3, Liang PENG2, 3, Yingle WANG2, 3, authorsList=Yuan YAO, Peiqiang WANG, Xin ZHU, Wei LAI, Xuyan YIN, Liang PENG, Yingle WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595249780797502, articleId=1322595246035284006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于响应面法的全尾砂静动态絮凝沉降规律研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

尾砂浓密脱水是尾砂充填工艺的关键环节,为探究某矿山全尾砂浓密脱水性能,在尾砂基本物化性质的基础上,开展了全尾砂静动态絮凝沉降试验,设计了以尾砂浆进料质量浓度、絮凝剂类型、絮凝剂添加量为影响因素,沉降速率为研究指标的静态絮凝沉降试验,以进料速度、进料质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量为影响因素,溢流水含固量、底流质量浓度和尾砂沉降速度为研究指标的动态絮凝沉降试验,并基于响应面分析法,揭示了全尾砂在多因素交互作用下的动态絮凝沉降规律。(1)通过静态絮凝沉降试验,确定最优絮凝剂为CKFA02,最佳絮凝剂添加量为20 g/t,尾砂料浆最佳进料质量浓度为10%~12.5%;(2)根据动态絮凝沉降试验构建的响应面模型,底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量以及尾砂沉降速度的最大影响因素均为料浆进料速度,料浆进料速度与进料质量浓度的交互作用对底流质量浓度影响最大,料浆进料速度与絮凝剂添加量的交互作用对溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度影响最大;(3)最优沉降参数为:尾砂浆进料速度0.55 t/(m2·h),进料质量浓度11.12%,絮凝剂添加量30.0 g/t,在该最优絮凝沉降参数下,底流质量浓度为60.6%,溢流水含固量为251.4 mg/L,尾砂沉降速度为58.06 mm/s。

, authors=姚远1, 王培强1, 祝鑫2, 3, 赖伟2, 3, 尹旭岩2, 3, 彭亮2, 3, 王英乐2, 3, authorsList=姚远, 王培强, 祝鑫, 赖伟, 尹旭岩, 彭亮, 王英乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=祝鑫, authorNote=

姚远(1985—),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事应用化工专业的教学工作。E-mail:

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祝鑫(1995—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士研究生,工程师,主要从事金属矿山开采及充填系统技术研究。E-mail:
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姚远(1985—),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事应用化工专业的教学工作。E-mail:

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姚远(1985—),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事应用化工专业的教学工作。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Response surface of interaction effect on settling velocity of tailings, figureFileSmall=5FEzl6wXs90R8heh6it2Hw==, figureFileBig=3eUAK2MKWF9u7dB9lWdGDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595793572311311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=图8, caption=交互作用对尾砂沉降速度影响的响应面, figureFileSmall=5FEzl6wXs90R8heh6it2Hw==, figureFileBig=3eUAK2MKWF9u7dB9lWdGDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595793656197392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The main chemical compositions of total tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiCaSAlFFeMgKP
20.8611.689.042.641.51.461.460.80.55
), ArticleFig(id=1322595793748472081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

全尾砂主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiCaSAlFFeMgKP
20.8611.689.042.641.51.461.460.80.55
), ArticleFig(id=1322595793865912594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Design schemes of dynamic flocculation settlement test

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编码值料浆进料速度X/(t/(m2·h))料浆进料质量浓度Y/%絮凝剂添加量Z/(g/t)
–10.47.510
00.51020
10.612.530
), ArticleFig(id=1322595793970770195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

动态絮凝沉降试验设计方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码值料浆进料速度X/(t/(m2·h))料浆进料质量浓度Y/%絮凝剂添加量Z/(g/t)
–10.47.510
00.51020
10.612.530
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Results of dynamic flocculation settlement test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编码值底流质量浓度/%溢流水含固量/(mg/L)尾砂沉降速度/(mm/s)
XYZ
101–157.221457.4
210–157.733545.9
3–10157.924654.7
4–11052.425553.3
500057.624854.2
6–1–1054.327751.8
710160.630857.6
80–1–157.526652.7
90–1159.126053.1
1001159.022556.5
1111055.431747.9
121–1056.235842.7
13–10–156.124255.3
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794117570837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

动态絮凝沉降试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编码值底流质量浓度/%溢流水含固量/(mg/L)尾砂沉降速度/(mm/s)
XYZ
101–157.221457.4
210–157.733545.9
3–10157.924654.7
4–11052.425553.3
500057.624854.2
6–1–1054.327751.8
710160.630857.6
80–1–157.526652.7
90–1159.126053.1
1001159.022556.5
1111055.431747.9
121–1056.235842.7
13–10–156.124255.3
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794201456918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variance of response surface model of underflow mass concentration

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来源平方和均方F值P值
模型55.496.1733.600.000 603*
X10.5810.5857.660.000 629
Y1.201.206.550.050 734
Z8.208.2044.690.001 132
XY0.320.321.670.278 923
XZ0.300.301.650.255 439
YZ0.010.010.050.824 673
X29.169.1649.910.000 879
Y27.767.7642.310.001 283
Z215.5215.5284.560.000 255
残差0.920.18
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794306314519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

底流质量浓度响应面模型方差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和均方F值P值
模型55.496.1733.600.000 603*
X10.5810.5857.660.000 629
Y1.201.206.550.050 734
Z8.208.2044.690.001 132
XY0.320.321.670.278 923
XZ0.300.301.650.255 439
YZ0.010.010.050.824 673
X29.169.1649.910.000 879
Y27.767.7642.310.001 283
Z215.5215.5284.560.000 255
残差0.920.18
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794369229080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Variance of response surface model of overflow water solid content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和均方F值P值
模型23 796.402 644.0470.32<0.000 1*
X11 100.5011 100.50295.23<0.000 1
Y2 812.502 812.5074.800.000 3
Z40.5040.501.080.346 9
XY90.2590.252.400.182 0
XZ240.25240.256.390.052 7
YZ72.2572.251.920.224 3
X28 374.678 374.67222.73<0.000 1
Y2138.52138.523.680.113 0
Z2612.06612.0616.280.010 0
残差188.0037.60
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794444726553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

溢流水含固量响应面模型方差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和均方F值P值
模型23 796.402 644.0470.32<0.000 1*
X11 100.5011 100.50295.23<0.000 1
Y2 812.502 812.5074.800.000 3
Z40.5040.501.080.346 9
XY90.2590.252.400.182 0
XZ240.25240.256.390.052 7
YZ72.2572.251.920.224 3
X28 374.678 374.67222.73<0.000 1
Y2138.52138.523.680.113 0
Z2612.06612.0616.280.010 0
残差188.0037.60
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794520224026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Variance of response surface model of settling velocity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和均方F值P值
模型223.5324.844.950.046 4*
X55.1355.1311.00.021 1
Y27.3827.385.460.066 0
Z14.0514.052.800.155 0
XY3.423.420.682 70.446 3
XZ37.8237.827.540.040 5
YZ0.4220.4220.0840.783 0
X243.0043.008.580.032 0
Y212.8112.812.560.170 8
Z224.7224.724.930.077 1
残差25.073.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595794587332891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595246035284006, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

尾砂沉降速度响应面模型方差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和均方F值P值
模型223.5324.844.950.046 4*
X55.1355.1311.00.021 1
Y27.3827.385.460.066 0
Z14.0514.052.800.155 0
XY3.423.420.682 70.446 3
XZ37.8237.827.540.040 5
YZ0.4220.4220.0840.783 0
X243.0043.008.580.032 0
Y212.8112.812.560.170 8
Z224.7224.724.930.077 1
残差25.073.00
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基于响应面法的全尾砂静动态絮凝沉降规律研究
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姚远 1 , 王培强 1 , 祝鑫 2, 3 , 赖伟 2, 3 , 尹旭岩 2, 3 , 彭亮 2, 3 , 王英乐 2, 3
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(3): 49-57
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (3) : 49 -57
基于响应面法的全尾砂静动态絮凝沉降规律研究
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姚远(1985—),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事应用化工专业的教学工作。E-mail:

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姚远(1985—),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事应用化工专业的教学工作。E-mail:

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姚远1 , 王培强1, 祝鑫2, 3 , 赖伟2, 3, 尹旭岩2, 3, 彭亮2, 3, 王英乐2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.平顶山工业职业技术学院,河南 平顶山市 467001
  • 2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
通讯作者:
祝鑫(1995—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士研究生,工程师,主要从事金属矿山开采及充填系统技术研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

姚远(1985—),女,河南巩义人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事应用化工专业的教学工作。E-mail:

Static and Dynamic Flocculation Settlement Law of Total Tailings Based on Response Surface Method
Yuan YAO1 , Peiqiang WANG1, Xin ZHU2, 3 , Wei LAI2, 3, Xuyan YIN2, 3, Liang PENG2, 3, Yingle WANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Pingdingshan Polytechnic College, Pingdingshan, Henan 467001, China
  • 2.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.National Engineering Research Center for Metal Mining, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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尾砂浓密脱水是尾砂充填工艺的关键环节,为探究某矿山全尾砂浓密脱水性能,在尾砂基本物化性质的基础上,开展了全尾砂静动态絮凝沉降试验,设计了以尾砂浆进料质量浓度、絮凝剂类型、絮凝剂添加量为影响因素,沉降速率为研究指标的静态絮凝沉降试验,以进料速度、进料质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量为影响因素,溢流水含固量、底流质量浓度和尾砂沉降速度为研究指标的动态絮凝沉降试验,并基于响应面分析法,揭示了全尾砂在多因素交互作用下的动态絮凝沉降规律。(1)通过静态絮凝沉降试验,确定最优絮凝剂为CKFA02,最佳絮凝剂添加量为20 g/t,尾砂料浆最佳进料质量浓度为10%~12.5%;(2)根据动态絮凝沉降试验构建的响应面模型,底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量以及尾砂沉降速度的最大影响因素均为料浆进料速度,料浆进料速度与进料质量浓度的交互作用对底流质量浓度影响最大,料浆进料速度与絮凝剂添加量的交互作用对溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度影响最大;(3)最优沉降参数为:尾砂浆进料速度0.55 t/(m2·h),进料质量浓度11.12%,絮凝剂添加量30.0 g/t,在该最优絮凝沉降参数下,底流质量浓度为60.6%,溢流水含固量为251.4 mg/L,尾砂沉降速度为58.06 mm/s。

浓密脱水  /  静态絮凝沉降  /  动态絮凝沉降  /  响应面法  /  交互作用

Thickening and dewatering of tailings is a key link in the tailings filling process. In order to explore the thickening and dewatering performance of tailings in a mine, static and dynamic flocculation settlement tests of tailings were carried out according to the basic physicochemical properties of tailings. The static flocculation settlement tests were designed with the mass concentration of tailings slurry, the flocculant type and the flocculant content as the influencing factors and the settlement rate as the research index. The dynamic flocculation settlement tests were designed with feed rate, feed mass concentration and flocculant content as influencing factors, and solid content of overflow water, underflow mass concentration and settling velocity of tailings as research indexes. Based on response surface analysis method, the dynamic flocculation settlement law of total tailings under the interaction of multiple factors was revealed. Firstly, through the static flocculation settlement tests, the optimal type of flocculant was determined as CKFA02, the optimal content of flocculant was determined as 20 g/t, and the optimal feed mass concentration of tailings slurry was determined as 10%−12.5%. Secondly, according to the response surface model constructed based on the dynamic flocculation settlement tests, the maximum influencing factors on the underflow mass concentration, solid content of overflow water, and settling velocity of tailings are the slurry feed rate. The interaction between slurry feed rate and feed mass concentration has the greatest impact on the underflow mass concentration, while the interaction between slurry feed rate and flocculant content has the greatest impact on the solid content of overflow water and settling velocity of tailings. Thirdly, the optimal settlement parameters are the slurry feed rate of 0.55 t/(m2·h), feed mass concentration of 11.12%, flocculant content of 30 g/t. Under the optimal flocculation settlement parameters, the underflow mass concentration is 60.6%, the solid content of overflow water is 251.4 mg/L, and the settling velocity of tailings is 58.06 mm/s.

Thickening and dewatering  /  Static flocculation settlement  /  Dynamic flocculation settlement  /  Response surface method  /  Interaction
姚远, 王培强, 祝鑫, 赖伟, 尹旭岩, 彭亮, 王英乐. 基于响应面法的全尾砂静动态絮凝沉降规律研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 49 -57 .
Yuan YAO, Peiqiang WANG, Xin ZHU, Wei LAI, Xuyan YIN, Liang PENG, Yingle WANG. Static and Dynamic Flocculation Settlement Law of Total Tailings Based on Response Surface Method[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 49 -57 .
随着国家对环保、安全的重视,以及矿山企业对遗留矿柱和深部矿体开采的需求,充填采矿法已成为矿山首选采矿方法[1-4]。尾砂浓密脱水是充填工艺的重要环节,随着浓密技术的发展,尾砂沉降浓密已由依靠自重沉降发展为絮凝沉降[5-6],大幅提升了沉降速率、底流质量浓度以及溢流水澄清度[7-8]。
为了探究尾砂浓密脱水性能,众多学者做了大量的研究。史采星等[9]研究了全尾砂静态絮凝沉降规律,揭示了全尾砂固体通量的影响因素为进料的质量浓度以及絮凝剂添加量等,其中进料的质量浓度影响最大;卞继伟等[10]开展了某矿的尾砂动态浓密试验,结果表明,随料浆质量浓度、进料速度、絮凝剂添加量增加,尾砂沉降速度不断增加,底流质量浓度随进料速度增加而降低;李勇明等[11]利用静态絮凝沉降试验,确定了絮凝剂掺量、进料质量浓度和絮凝剂浓度,并以底流质量浓度为目标,揭示了多因素对底流质量浓度的影响规律;鲁忠良等[12]针对河南某矿区煤泥水,研究了不同絮凝剂类型用量以及搅拌速度对其沉降速度的影响,当絮凝剂用量为5.75 mg/L,搅拌速度为411.12 r/min,沉降率可达95.5%;李青芝等[13]采用自制的沉降试验装置,研究了不同絮凝剂浓度对不同质量浓度的黏性细尾砂的沉降规律影响,指出阳离子型的絮凝剂对尾砂沉降最为敏感,最佳使用浓度为0.08 g/L;隋璨等[14]分析了不同絮凝剂添加量对不同粒径范围尾砂沉降的影响,结果表明,随絮凝剂添加量增加,絮凝剂对尾砂产生的吸附桥接作用增强,絮团增大,沉降速度加快;张立伟等[15]研究了钠、钾、钙离子等不同价态阳离子对煤泥的絮凝特性,通过试验确定了絮凝剂的最佳添加量为150 g/mg,钠离子絮凝剂的沉降效果优于钙离子絮凝剂。
上述已取得的研究成果丰富了尾砂脱水的研究进展,但多数成果仅从单因素方面对脱水效果的影响进行研究,没有进一步研究多因素耦合交互作用的影响。因此,在有关研究成果的基础上,开展进料质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量、絮凝剂种类等多种因素交互对全尾砂的静动态浓密效果的影响,以期丰富尾砂浓密脱水的研究成果。
试验的全尾砂来自某金属矿山的选矿厂,根据室内试验结果,全尾砂密度为2.33 g/cm3,松散容重为1.474 t/m3,密实容重为1.697 t/m3,全尾砂干料的松散空隙率和密实空隙率分别为36.74%、27.17%。全尾砂粒径分布如图1所示,主要化学成分见表1。
由图1可以看到,该矿全尾砂粒径分布较为均匀,粒径在349.3 μm内,其中75 μm以下的颗粒占比达80%,尾砂中等偏细,尾砂特征参数d10为2.519 μm、d50为26.07 μm,d90为101.4 μm。全尾砂中20 μm以下的颗粒占比约40%,达到结构流的颗粒占比,可满足长距离输送的要求。该种全尾砂的主要成分为Si、Ca、S、Al、F和Fe,不含或极少含有毒有害物质,适宜于用作充填骨料。Si和S含量相对较高,Si含量较高,对充填体强度有益处,而S含量较高,则可能会对充填体产生劣化作用,影响充填体后期强度。
根据全尾砂性质,初步选择了5种不同离子型和分子量的絮凝剂,分别为CKYD-10S、CKF06、CKY-24S、CKFA02、CKYB-30S,将尾砂配置成质量浓度为10%的尾砂料浆,每种絮凝剂的添加量设置为30 g/t。
利用量筒开展了5种不同类型的絮凝剂沉降试验,图2展示了不同絮凝剂沉降试验的固液分界面高度随时间的变化曲线。从沉降数据中可以看出,添加CKFA02絮凝剂的全尾砂浆在前30 s絮凝沉降速度最快,溢流水也最清澈,考虑到絮凝剂的制备难度以及材料成本,选择CKFA02絮凝剂作为该全尾砂的最优絮凝剂。
根据絮凝剂种类优选的试验结果,配置CKFA02絮凝剂溶液浓度为0.05%,尾砂料浆质量浓度为10%,絮凝剂添加量分别为10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g/t,开展絮凝剂添加量优选试验。图3展示了絮凝剂添加量变化时沉降高度随时间的变化曲线,从图3可以发现,当絮凝剂的添加量从10 g/t增加到30 g/t时,尾砂料浆的絮凝沉降速率增加较为明显,而当絮凝剂添加量继续增加时,尾砂料浆的沉降速率变化较小,这主要是絮凝剂添加过量会引起全尾砂絮团过大,沉降过程中阻力增大,从而导致其沉降速率减缓。综合考虑沉降效率以及絮凝剂的成本,确定絮凝剂的最优掺量为20 g/t。
为确定尾砂料浆的最佳进料质量浓度,对尾砂浆质量浓度共设置了6个等级,分别为7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%、17.5%、20%,试验结果如图4所示。
从图4可以看出,随着尾砂浆质量浓度的增大,絮凝沉降的速度变慢,其中7.5%低质量浓度尾砂浆沉降效果最好,但是尾砂浆的最佳稀释质量浓度需要根据浓密机溢流水处理能力、选厂生产能力等因素进行适当选择,现实生产中基本无法保证过低的质量浓度。根据试验结果,选择10%~12.5%的尾砂料浆质量浓度作为最佳进料质量浓度。
动态絮凝沉降试验可以更好地模拟现场尾砂料浆沉降情况,可以为浓密机的选型和放砂提供设计的参考。在静态絮凝沉降试验结果基础上,选择CKFA02絮凝剂作为最优絮凝剂,配置的絮凝剂溶液浓度为0.05%。
使用 Design-Expert 软件中响应面 Box-Behnken试验设计,以尾砂料浆进料速度X、料浆进料质量浓度Y、絮凝剂添加量Z为影响因素,以底流质量浓度(F1)、溢流水含固量(F2)、尾砂沉降速度(F3)为评价指标,分别考虑单因素以及多因素交互作用下的全尾砂絮凝沉降效果。尾砂料浆进料速度设计为0.4, 0.5, 0.6 t/(m2·h);絮凝剂添加量设置为 10, 20, 30 g/t;尾砂进料质量浓度设置为 7.5%、10%、12.5%;响应面因素水平采用编码值-1,0,1,分别代表各因素的影响水平为低、中、高,试验设计方案见表2。
根据响应面设计的动态絮凝沉降试验方案,得出的试验结果见表3。对试验结果进行多元非线性拟合,建立了不同料浆进料速度、进料质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量的二次函数回归方程:
为验证回归模型的可靠性,对底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量、尾砂沉降速度进行方差分析,见表4至表6。从表4至表6可以看出,底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度F值均较大,P值均较小,模型回归效果显著。同时,3个模型的R2分别为0.954, 0.978, 0.899,均接近1,说明模型拟合精度高,拟合效果好。
为了进行模型的误差分析,绘制出底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度的模型预测值与实际值间的散点直线图,如图5所示。
从图5可以看出,底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度的响应面模型预测值与实际值均相近,误差小于5%,表明模型精度较高。
由表4可以看出,对于底流质量浓度而言,尾砂料浆进料速度F值最大,进料质量浓度F值最小,敏感性因素由大到小依次为尾砂料浆进料速度、絮凝剂添加量、料浆进料质量浓度。由表5可以看出,对于溢流水含固量而言,尾砂料浆进料速度F值最大,絮凝剂添加量F值最小,敏感性因素由大到小依次为尾砂料浆进料速度、料浆进料质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量。由表6可以看出,对于尾砂沉降速度而言,尾砂料浆进料速度F值最大,絮凝剂添加量F值最小,敏感性因素由大到小依次为尾砂料浆进料速度、料浆进料质量浓度、絮凝剂添加量。
为便于直观展现尾砂料浆进料质量浓度、进料速度和絮凝剂添加量三因素间的交互作用对底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度的影响程度,绘制了如图6至图8所示的响应曲面。
(1)交互作用对底流质量浓度的影响规律。
由图6以及表4可知,对于底流质量浓度而言,尾砂料浆进料速度和进料质量浓度的响应曲面较陡,同时两因素的F值较大,等高线也为椭圆形,表明尾砂料浆进料速度和进料质量浓度交互作用的影响较为显著。当絮凝剂添加量一定时,底流质量浓度随进料速度降低不断降低,随进料质量浓度增加不断降低。原因是随着进料速度降低和质量浓度的增加,尾砂颗粒逐渐减少,颗粒间作用力降低,絮凝剂包裹尾砂颗粒较少,絮团较小,水含量较高,底流质量浓度降低。而尾砂进料质量浓度和絮凝剂添加量的响应曲面较为平缓,同时F值仅为0.05,表明其交互作用不显著,当进料速度一定时,底流质量浓度随进料质量浓度和絮凝剂添加量的变化较小,进料质量浓度增加时,底流质量浓度小幅度增加后有所降低。
(2)交互作用对溢流水含固量的影响规律。
由图7及表5可以看出,对于溢流水含固量而言,尾砂料浆进料速度和进料质量浓度响应曲面以及进料速度和絮凝剂添加量响应曲面较陡,表明其交互作用的影响较为显著。当絮凝剂添加量一定时,随进料速度增加和进料质量浓度的不断降低,溢流水含固量增加,原因是尾砂颗粒整体增加,絮凝剂无法及时包裹全部尾砂颗粒,导致部分尾砂颗粒仅靠自重沉降,增加了溢流水的含固量,进料速度较大时这种现象尤为明显,即使增加了絮凝剂添加量,溢流水含固量依然较高。而当尾砂进料速度一定时,进料质量浓度和絮凝剂添加量变化时,溢流水含固量变化较为缓慢,表明絮凝剂添加量与进料质量浓度交互作用对于溢流水含固量的影响不显著。
(3)交互作用对尾砂沉降速度的影响规律。
由图8可以看出,对于尾砂沉降速度而言,尾砂料浆进料速度和絮凝剂添加量响应曲面较陡,斜率变化较大,表明其交互作用的影响较为显著。当尾砂料浆进度质量浓度一定时,尾砂沉降速度随絮凝剂添加量增加先增大后基本不变,原因是随絮凝剂添加量增加,絮凝剂分子对于尾砂颗粒的包裹作用增强,絮团相应增大,使得沉降速度加快,而当絮凝剂添加过量时,絮团并不会进一步增大,尾砂沉降速度基本不变,同样地,沉降速度随进料速度的增大逐步降低。当絮凝剂添加量不变时,尾砂沉降速度随进料速度和进料质量浓度增大的变化较小,表明两者交互对于沉降速度作用不明显,原因是絮凝剂的添加限制了对尾砂颗粒的包裹吸附作用,絮团无法变大甚至尾砂量过多,无法形成较为稳定的絮团,从而极大地降低了尾砂沉降速度。
Design-Expert软件中Numencial模块可根据研究指标的需求进行参数变量的优化,以底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度为研究指标,最终得到最优的絮凝沉降参数为:尾砂料浆进料速度0.548 t/(m2·h),料浆进料质量浓度11.12%,絮凝剂添加量30.0 g/t。在该最优絮凝沉降参数下,底流质量浓度为60.6%,溢流水含固量为251.4 mg/L,尾砂沉降速度为58.06 mm/s。根据该沉降参数,开展了动态絮凝沉降试验,试验结果与该预测结果误差约为3.4%,验证了模型的可靠性。
(1)通过静态絮凝沉降试验,确定最优絮凝剂型号为CKFA02,絮凝剂最佳添加量为20 g/t,尾砂料浆最佳进料质量浓度为10%~12.5%。
(2)根据动态絮凝沉降试验构建的响应面模型,对底流质量浓度、溢流水含固量以及尾砂沉降速度影响最大的因素均为料浆进料速度,料浆进料速度与进料质量浓度的交互作用对底流质量浓度的影响最大,料浆进料速度与絮凝剂添加量的交互作用对溢流水含固量和尾砂沉降速度的影响最大。
(3)最优沉降参数为:尾砂浆进料速度0.548 t/(m2·h),进料质量浓度11.12%,絮凝剂添加量30.0 g/t。在该最优絮凝沉降参数下,底流质量浓度为60.6%,溢流水含固量为251.4 mg/L,尾砂沉降速度为58.06 mm/s。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904003; 023YFC2907203)
  • 湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划项目(2022GK4057)
  • 湖南省自然资源厅科技项目(2022-40)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-06
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904003; 023YFC2907203)
湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划项目(2022GK4057)
湖南省自然资源厅科技项目(2022-40)
作者信息
    1.平顶山工业职业技术学院,河南 平顶山市 467001
    2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012

通讯作者:

祝鑫(1995—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士研究生,工程师,主要从事金属矿山开采及充填系统技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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