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Article(id=1322595229266464877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260875288, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260875288, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260875288, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260875288, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=229, endPage=236, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595229438431343, articleId=1322595229266464877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on the Floating-Magnetic Combined Process of Copper and Cobalt Ore with High Oxidation Rate in the Democratic Republic of Congo, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The SICOMINES copper and cobalt ore in the Democratic Republic of Congo has a Cu content of 2.47% and a Co content of 0.237%, belonging to high oxidation rate and complex mineral composition ores. In response to the high cost of single flotation beneficiation and low recovery rate of copper and cobalt, combined with the properties of the ore, a flotation-magnetic separation combined process was used for beneficiation experimental research. By conducting experiments on the types and dosages of collectors and vulcanizing agents, the optimal process parameters were determined as follows: the dosage of pentyl xanthate collector is 1 185 g/t, and the dosage of combined vulcanizing agent (sodium sulfide : sodium hydrosulfide = 1:1) is 7 000 g/t. When the grinding particle size of the raw ore is –0.074 mm accounting for 70%, the stepwise sulfurization flotation method is firstly used to recover the easily floatable copper sulfide concentrate, copper oxide concentrate, and cobalt concentrate. Then, the flotation tailings are subjected to strong magnetic separation treatment to recover the copper cobalt magnetic minerals. Finally, the total copper recovery rate is 79.83% and the total cobalt recovery rate is 54.79%, achieving the comprehensive and efficient utilization of high oxidation rate copper cobalt ore resources.

, authors=Jianyun YAO1, Hanxu YANG2, Chunqing GAO2, authorsList=Jianyun YAO, Hanxu YANG, Chunqing GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hanxu YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595234446430340, articleId=1322595229266464877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=刚果(金)高氧化率铜钴矿浮-磁联合工艺试验研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿矿石含Cu 2.47%、含Co 0.237%，属于高氧化率、矿物组成复杂矿石，针对单一浮选选矿成本高且铜钴回收率低等问题，结合矿石性质，采用浮-磁选联合工艺进行选矿试验研究。通过开展捕收剂和硫化剂种类及用量试验，确定最佳工艺参数为：捕收剂戊基黄药用量为1 185 g/t，组合硫化剂（硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1）用量为7 000 g/t。在原矿磨矿粒度–0.074 mm占比70%时，首先采用逐步硫化浮选法回收易浮硫化铜精矿、氧化铜精矿和钴精矿，然后对浮选尾矿进行强磁选处理，回收其中的含铜钴磁性矿物，最终获得铜总回收率为79.83%、钴总回收率为54.79%，实现了高氧化率铜钴矿资源的综合高效利用。

, authors=姚建云1, 杨含蓄2, 高春庆2, authorsList=姚建云, 杨含蓄, 高春庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨含蓄, authorNote=

姚建云（1990—），男，重庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事铜钴矿生产方面的工作。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨含蓄（1996—），女，安徽安庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事选矿工艺方面的研究。E-mail:
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姚建云（1990—），男，重庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事铜钴矿生产方面的工作。E-mail:

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姚建云（1990—），男，重庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事铜钴矿生产方面的工作。E-mail:

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Mining and metallurgy, 2022, 31(5):14-20., articleTitle=Beneficiation of a high grade copper oxide ore containing native copper in Thayamontana, Bolivia, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595945565499694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, awardId=2022YFC2904501; 2022YFC2904502, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904501; 2022YFC2904502), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595937827008749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595937835397358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, companyId=1322595937827008749, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Sino-Congolaise Des Mines S. 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figureFileSmall=IH04w2ZeW3UedUf2YaVYvw==, figureFileBig=/gjmMNTwgiQ0+sfIHfM4Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595942495269149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=图10, caption=强磁精矿矿物颗粒形貌, figureFileSmall=IH04w2ZeW3UedUf2YaVYvw==, figureFileBig=/gjmMNTwgiQ0+sfIHfM4Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595942558183710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis results of chemical multielement of raw ore

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CuCoSFeMnMgOZn
2.470.2370.1023.970.2834.31<0.005
SiO2PK2ONa2OAl2O3CaO
64.740.212.830.04710.411.14
), ArticleFig(id=1322595942654652703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原矿化学多元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CuCoSFeMnMgOZn
2.470.2370.1023.970.2834.31<0.005
SiO2PK2ONa2OAl2O3CaO
64.740.212.830.04710.411.14
), ArticleFig(id=1322595942717567264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis results of the copper phase of the raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铜相含量分布率
自由氧化铜2.20089.17
结合氧化铜0.2208.75
原生硫化铜0.0050.21
次生硫化铜0.0451.87
总铜2.470100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595942780481825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原矿铜物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铜相含量分布率
自由氧化铜2.20089.17
结合氧化铜0.2208.75
原生硫化铜0.0050.21
次生硫化铜0.0451.87
总铜2.470100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595942847590690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of the cobalt phase of the raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钴相含量分布率
氧化钴0.12552.63
硅酸盐中钴0.06226.32
硫化钴0.05021.05
总钴0.237100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595942923088163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

原矿钴物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钴相含量分布率
氧化钴0.12552.63
硅酸盐中钴0.06226.32
硫化钴0.05021.05
总钴0.237100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595942981808420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis results of mineral content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔雀石蓝磷铜矿硅孔雀石黑铜矿辉铜矿黄铜矿水钴矿硫铜钴矿
2.800.560.320.010.050.010.170.08
含铜钴硬锰矿铜钴锰铁结合物褐铁矿(含铜)菱铁矿赤铁矿磁铁矿黄铁矿石英
0.760.234.290.620.360.130.0245.52
白云母黏土钾长石绿泥石白云石黑云母磷灰石其他
18.719.486.223.453.131.500.870.71
), ArticleFig(id=1322595943057305893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

矿物含量分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔雀石蓝磷铜矿硅孔雀石黑铜矿辉铜矿黄铜矿水钴矿硫铜钴矿
2.800.560.320.010.050.010.170.08
含铜钴硬锰矿铜钴锰铁结合物褐铁矿(含铜)菱铁矿赤铁矿磁铁矿黄铁矿石英
0.760.234.290.620.360.130.0245.52
白云母黏土钾长石绿泥石白云石黑云母磷灰石其他
18.719.486.223.453.131.500.870.71
), ArticleFig(id=1322595943128609062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Dissociation degree of copper oxide minerals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%品位/%分布率/%单体含量/%连生体含量/%
+0.57.171.775.3265.734.3
–0.5~+0.07417.551.8113.3180.419.6
–0.074~+0.03743.572.6949.1085.814.2
–0.03731.712.4332.2784.715.3
合计100.002.39100.0083.116.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322595944823107879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

氧化铜矿物解离度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%品位/%分布率/%单体含量/%连生体含量/%
+0.57.171.775.3265.734.3
–0.5~+0.07417.551.8113.3180.419.6
–0.074~+0.03743.572.6949.1085.814.2
–0.03731.712.4332.2784.715.3
合计100.002.39100.0083.116.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322595944894411048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Dissociation degree of cobalt minerals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%品位/%分布率/%单体含量/%连生体含量/%
+0.57.170.1424.4765.734.3
–0.5~+0.07417.550.16812.9381.118.9
–0.074~+0.03743.570.26751.0387.312.7
–0.03731.710.22731.5786.113.9
合计100.000.228100.0084.315.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322595944965714217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

钴矿物解离度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%品位/%分布率/%单体含量/%连生体含量/%
+0.57.170.1424.4765.734.3
–0.5~+0.07417.550.16812.9381.118.9
–0.074~+0.03743.570.26751.0387.312.7
–0.03731.710.22731.5786.113.9
合计100.000.228100.0084.315.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322595945053794602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Test results of high intensity magnetic separation for flotation tailings of copper and cobalt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率品位回收率
CuCoCuCo
粗选精矿15.802.010.20339.2522.27
扫选精矿5.041.660.18711.087.01
精选给矿(粗选精矿与扫选精矿混合)20.841.920.19950.3329.28
精矿5.423.290.26622.0410.01
尾矿94.580.670.13777.9689.99
给矿(浮选尾矿)100.000.800.144100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595945120903467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

铜钴浮选尾矿强磁试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率品位回收率
CuCoCuCo
粗选精矿15.802.010.20339.2522.27
扫选精矿5.041.660.18711.087.01
精选给矿(粗选精矿与扫选精矿混合)20.841.920.19950.3329.28
精矿5.423.290.26622.0410.01
尾矿94.580.670.13777.9689.99
给矿(浮选尾矿)100.000.800.144100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595945192206636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595229266464877, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

The test results of floating-magnetic combined process of copper and cobalt ore

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产品名称产率品位回收率
CuCoCuCo
硫化铜精矿2.504.000.7193.997.83
氧化铜精矿11.9012.630.60459.9231.30
钴精矿5.414.740.45210.2210.63
强磁精矿4.353.290.2665.705.03
尾矿75.840.670.13720.1745.21
原矿100.002.510.230100.00100.00
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铜钴矿浮-磁全流程工艺结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率品位回收率
CuCoCuCo
硫化铜精矿2.504.000.7193.997.83
氧化铜精矿11.9012.630.60459.9231.30
钴精矿5.414.740.45210.2210.63
强磁精矿4.353.290.2665.705.03
尾矿75.840.670.13720.1745.21
原矿100.002.510.230100.00100.00
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刚果(金)高氧化率铜钴矿浮-磁联合工艺试验研究
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姚建云 1 , 杨含蓄 2 , 高春庆 2
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(3): 229-236
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (3) : 229 -236
刚果(金)高氧化率铜钴矿浮-磁联合工艺试验研究
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姚建云1 , 杨含蓄2 , 高春庆2
作者信息
  • 1.华刚矿业股份有限公司，刚果（金） 科卢韦齐市　1004131
  • 2.中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司，安徽　马鞍山市　243000
通讯作者:
杨含蓄（1996—），女，安徽安庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事选矿工艺方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

姚建云（1990—），男，重庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事铜钴矿生产方面的工作。E-mail:

Experimental Study on the Floating-Magnetic Combined Process of Copper and Cobalt Ore with High Oxidation Rate in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Jianyun YAO1 , Hanxu YANG2 , Chunqing GAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Sino-Congolaise Des Mines S. A., Kolwezi, 1004131, Democratic Republic of Congo
  • 2.Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿矿石含Cu 2.47%、含Co 0.237%，属于高氧化率、矿物组成复杂矿石，针对单一浮选选矿成本高且铜钴回收率低等问题，结合矿石性质，采用浮-磁选联合工艺进行选矿试验研究。通过开展捕收剂和硫化剂种类及用量试验，确定最佳工艺参数为：捕收剂戊基黄药用量为1 185 g/t，组合硫化剂（硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1）用量为7 000 g/t。在原矿磨矿粒度–0.074 mm占比70%时，首先采用逐步硫化浮选法回收易浮硫化铜精矿、氧化铜精矿和钴精矿，然后对浮选尾矿进行强磁选处理，回收其中的含铜钴磁性矿物，最终获得铜总回收率为79.83%、钴总回收率为54.79%，实现了高氧化率铜钴矿资源的综合高效利用。

铜钴矿  /  高氧化率  /  浮-磁联合工艺  /  综合回收

The SICOMINES copper and cobalt ore in the Democratic Republic of Congo has a Cu content of 2.47% and a Co content of 0.237%, belonging to high oxidation rate and complex mineral composition ores. In response to the high cost of single flotation beneficiation and low recovery rate of copper and cobalt, combined with the properties of the ore, a flotation-magnetic separation combined process was used for beneficiation experimental research. By conducting experiments on the types and dosages of collectors and vulcanizing agents, the optimal process parameters were determined as follows: the dosage of pentyl xanthate collector is 1 185 g/t, and the dosage of combined vulcanizing agent (sodium sulfide : sodium hydrosulfide = 1:1) is 7 000 g/t. When the grinding particle size of the raw ore is –0.074 mm accounting for 70%, the stepwise sulfurization flotation method is firstly used to recover the easily floatable copper sulfide concentrate, copper oxide concentrate, and cobalt concentrate. Then, the flotation tailings are subjected to strong magnetic separation treatment to recover the copper cobalt magnetic minerals. Finally, the total copper recovery rate is 79.83% and the total cobalt recovery rate is 54.79%, achieving the comprehensive and efficient utilization of high oxidation rate copper cobalt ore resources.

Copper and cobalt ore  /  High oxidation rate  /  Floating-magnetic combined process  /  Comprehensive recycling
姚建云, 杨含蓄, 高春庆. 刚果(金)高氧化率铜钴矿浮-磁联合工艺试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 229 -236 .
Jianyun YAO, Hanxu YANG, Chunqing GAO. Experimental Study on the Floating-Magnetic Combined Process of Copper and Cobalt Ore with High Oxidation Rate in the Democratic Republic of Congo[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 229 -236 .
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0　引言
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铜钴矿石是我国重要的战略性矿产资源，主要用于能源、航空航天和化工行业，也可应用于医疗、光电以及工艺品中[1]。刚果(金)是铜钴矿的最大生产地，在铜、钴供应链上具有无可替代的地位。铜钴矿在刚果(金)国家经济中发挥着重要作用，其出口收入在GDP中的占比高达20%[2-5]。随着当前资源的肆意开采利用及技术的限制，大量高氧化率、低品位、矿物组成复杂的矿石被选择性丢弃[6-7]，导致可开发利用的矿产资源日趋匮乏，无法满足当前日益增长的铜、钴资源需求[8-9]。因此，实现高氧化率、矿物组成复杂的铜钴矿石的经济和可持续利用至关重要。
铜钴矿选矿过程中，通常采用泡沫浮选法[10]，利用矿物表面性质和可浮性的差异，通过添加浮选药剂，使目标矿物附着在气泡上并浮至矿浆表面，从而达到分离和回收的目的[11-12]。对于高氧化率、矿物组成复杂的铜钴矿，单独使用浮选法可能无法达到理想的回收效果，王金良等[13]采用浮选-浸出联合工艺处理含铜1.31%、含钴0.201%的氧化铜钴矿石，获得了含铜12.16%、含钴1.37%，铜回收率为80.48%、钴回收率为61.07%的浮选精矿，浮选精矿中铜、钴浸出率分别为85.45%、86.38%。
刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿矿石具有高氧化率、矿物组成复杂、含泥量大、选冶难度较高的特点。基于矿物学分析，本研究拟采用一种浮–磁联合工艺，结合浮选和磁选的优点，旨在提高作业回收率，提升资源利用率，建立一种经济可行的铜钴矿利用工艺。
1　矿石性质
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1.1　矿石化学组成
矿样取自刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿，原矿化学多元素分析结果见表1。原矿中有用矿物的主要元素Cu、Co含量分别为2.47%、0.237%，其中主要杂质SiO2含量较高，为64.74%，其次MgO含量为4.31%，其他元素含量均较低。
1.2　矿石铜钴物相及赋存状态
为了明确原矿中铜、钴物相及赋存状态，利用原子吸收光谱仪进行物相分析，用能谱仪(EDS)分析了样品中主要元素的赋存状态，结果见表2、表3和图1。
由表2和表3可知，矿样中铜主要以自由氧化铜和结合氧化铜的形式存在，其分布率分别为89.17%和8.75%；钴主要以氧化钴的形式存在，分布率为52.63%，属于高氧化率铜钴矿。由图1可以看出，铜主要赋存在孔雀石、蓝磷铜矿中，分布率分别为65.51%、12.65%，为浮选主要回收对象，其次赋存在含铜钴硬锰矿、硅孔雀石等矿物中；钴主要赋存在含铜钴硬锰矿、水钴矿中，其次赋存在硫铜钴矿、铜钴锰铁结合物等矿物中。
1.3　矿石矿物组成
采用光学显微镜分析对各种矿物进行含量统计，同时结合化学多元素分析结果和矿物解离分析（MLA）等方法计算出矿物的组成和含量，分析结果见表4。
由表4可知，矿石中的有效矿物主要为孔雀石、蓝磷铜矿等氧化矿物，褐铁矿（含铜）、含铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物占比也较大，通过选矿有望获得铜、钴精矿及混合精矿，脉石矿物主要为石英、白云母等。
1.4　主要矿物嵌布特征
主要矿物嵌布特征如下。
（1）孔雀石多数呈纤维状集合体、同心层状集合体产出，主要与石英、铁矿物共生嵌布；部分孔雀石为充填脉状与石英、黏土矿物交代共生，少量呈不规则细粒状出现于石英中。
（2）蓝磷铜矿常呈不规则粒状及其集合体，主要与石英紧密共生，部分与铜钴锰铁结合物共生，少见与孔雀石共同分布在脉石矿物中。
（3）水钴矿多数呈不规则粒状、团粒状、胶状及其集合体产出，少量呈细脉状沿脉石层间产出。
（4）含铜钴硬锰矿为矿石中主要的氧化铜钴锰矿物，其中普遍含铜，主要以胶状结构产出，一般呈葡萄状，少量呈细粒状集合体并形成片状。
（5）铜钴锰铁结合物是矿石中同时含有铜、钴、锰、铁4种元素的氧化物，常含一定量的硅。铜钴锰铁结合物一般以不规则状及其集合体产出，主要与蓝磷铜矿、白云母等矿物共生嵌布。
（6）褐铁矿为主要的铁矿物，大部分褐铁矿含铜，主要呈不规则状、针状与脉石矿物共生嵌布，部分褐铁矿呈斑状并与孔雀石紧密共生。
1.5　目的矿物解离度
原矿中氧化铜矿物与钴矿物解离度结果见表5至表6。由表5和表6可知，原矿中−0.074 mm粒级氧化铜矿物和钴矿物的分布率和单体解离度均较大。
2　选矿试验结果与讨论
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由原矿矿石性质分析结果可知，该矿石中铜钴矿物氧化率高，含泥量较大，综合回收较难，其中易选矿物有孔雀石、蓝磷铜矿等，中等可选或难选型矿物有硅孔雀石、含铜钴硬锰矿等，这些矿物的可浮性和浮选速率存在较大差异。采用逐步硫化浮选法[14-15]，首先将部分易浮硫化矿回收，然后以氧化矿为主、兼顾回收硫铜钴矿等硫化矿的回收，含铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物、褐铁矿（含铜)之间存在磁性差异，可采用磁选法对铜钴进行回收，以提高铜钴综合回收率，图2为选矿原则流程图。
2.1　捕收剂种类试验
结合原矿中矿物解离度以及现场实际情况，将原矿磨矿至−0.074 mm含量占比70%，按照“先硫后氧、先铜后钴”原则分别对原矿中的硫化铜矿物、氧化铜矿物以及钴矿物进行浮选。硫化剂选用硫化钠与硫氢化钠按1:1的比例混合，用量为7 000 g/t，在此条件下进行捕收剂种类试验，试验结果如图3所示。
由图3(a)可知，捕收剂分别选用丁基黄药和戊基黄药时，硫化铜精矿中铜品位和铜回收率相近，然而，在氧化铜精矿中选用戊基黄药时铜品位指标明显优于丁基黄药。由图3(b)可知，选用戊基黄药时钴精矿分选指标优于丁基黄药。综上，确定捕收剂为戊基黄药。
2.2　捕收剂用量试验
确定捕收剂选用戊基黄药后，进行了捕收剂用量试验，硫化剂种类及用量不变，试验结果如图4所示。可以看出，随着戊基黄药用量的增加，硫化铜精矿中铜品位变化趋势较小，铜回收率增大，氧化铜精矿中铜品位逐渐增大，铜回收率呈先增加后降低的趋势，在捕收剂用量为1 185 g/t时达到最大；各精矿中钴品位均先增加后降低，在捕收剂用量为1 185 g/t时达到最大。因此，确定捕收剂戊基黄药最佳用量为1 185 g/t。
2.3　硫化剂种类试验
氧化铜钴矿物亲水性较强，浮选过程中亲水性薄膜覆盖在其表面，阻碍捕收剂分子与矿物的有效结合。因此，需要添加硫化剂，使氧化性矿物硫化后再进行浮选[16-17]。
常用硫化剂主要包括硫化钠、硫氢化钠以及组合硫化剂等，硫化剂水解后电离产生的HS−和S2−可以吸附在矿物表面发生固化反应，形成一层硫化薄膜，使氧化铜钴矿具有疏水性且与硫化矿物表面性质更加相近，从而易被捕收剂分子捕获[18]。进行了硫化剂种类试验，对比硫氢化钠、硫化钠以及组合硫化剂（硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1）对铜钴分选指标的影响。硫化剂用量为7 000 g/t，捕收剂戊基黄药用量为1 185 g/t，试验结果见图5。
由图5(a)可知，选用单一硫化剂硫氢化钠或硫化钠时，硫化铜精矿中铜品位和铜回收率指标相近；选用硫氢化钠时，氧化铜精矿铜品位和回收率指标优于硫化钠；选用组合硫化剂时，相较于硫氢化钠，氧化铜精矿铜回收率较优、铜品位相近。由图5(b)可知，组合硫化剂（硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1)的钴精矿中钴的分选指标明显优于单一硫化剂。综合考虑，后续试验选用硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1的组合硫化剂。
2.4　硫化剂用量试验
硫化剂的用量对于氧化铜浮选至关重要。硫化剂用量过少，仅有少量氧化铜被硫化，导致捕收剂分子不能吸附在矿物表面使其上浮，浮选效果差；硫化剂用量过多，硫化剂水解产生的HS−和S2−会对铜矿物产生抑制作用，恶化浮选效果[19]。在确定硫化剂种类的基础上对其用量进行试验，试验结果如图6所示。
由图6(a)可知，硫化剂用量由5 000 g/t增加至9 000 g/t时，硫化铜精矿铜品位和回收率变化较小，氧化铜精矿铜品位由10.45%增至13.63%，回收率由61.27%降至59.93%，表明硫化剂用量的选取范围较为合适，几乎没有产生抑制作用。当硫化剂用量为7 000 g/t时，各精矿中铜品位、回收率均处于较高水平，且由图6(b)可知，各精矿中钴品位和回收率较高，因此，选取组合硫化剂用量为7 000 g/t。
2.5　浮选尾矿磁选试验
为最大限度回收铜钴矿物，采用强磁工艺对铜钴浮选尾矿中的含铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物、褐铁矿（含铜）等矿物进行回收，选用SLON-750高梯度磁选机进行试验，试验流程见图7，试验结果见表7。
由表7可知，浮选尾矿经强磁处理后，可以产出铜品位为3.29%、铜回收率为22.04%、钴品位为0.266%、钴回收率为10.01%的强磁精矿，表明强磁选在一定程度上可以有效地回收褐铁矿（含铜）、含铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物等矿物中的铜钴矿物。
2.6　全流程试验
根据前述试验确定的最佳选矿条件，进行浮选—磁选全流程试验，其中粗选、扫选均采用开路流程，工艺全流程如图8所示，试验结果见表8。
全流程工艺试验在捕收剂戊基黄药总用量为1 185 g/t，硫化剂(硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1)总用量为7 000 g/t的选矿条件下，原矿经过七段浮选，对浮选尾矿进行强磁处理，得到强磁精矿和最终尾矿。全流程工艺试验最终可获得：硫化铜精矿，产率为2.50%、铜品位为4.00%、铜回收率为3.99%；氧化铜精矿，产率为11.90%、铜品位为12.63%、铜回收率为59.92%；钴精矿，产率为5.41%、铜品位为4.74%、铜回收率为10.22%、钴品位为0.452%、钴回收率为10.63%；强磁精矿，产率为4.35%、铜品位为3.29%、铜回收率为5.70%。
采用浮–磁全流程工艺获得的硫化铜精矿、氧化铜精矿、钴精矿及强磁精矿均能满足冶炼系统对铜、钴品位的要求，其中强磁精矿品位较现场实际生产提高了1.29个百分点，产率降低了40%，能大幅度降低冶炼系统的酸耗，释放冶炼系统产能。
2.7　精矿产品性质分析
为了更加直观地分析矿物组成，分别对铜钴浮选精矿（硫化铜精矿、氧化铜精矿、钴精矿）和强磁精矿进行了SEM分析。铜钴浮选精矿和强磁精矿中主要矿物的颗粒形貌分别见图9和图10。
由SEM分析可知，铜钴浮选精矿中含铜钴矿物主要为孔雀石、蓝磷铜矿，以及少量的铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物、褐铁矿（含铜）等矿物；强磁精矿中含铜钴矿物主要为褐铁矿（含铜）、含铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物、孔雀石等。
3　结论
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（1）刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿含Cu、Co含量分别为2.47%、0.237%，具有较高的回收价值。铜主要以自由氧化铜和结合氧化铜的形式存在，钴主要以氧化钴的形式存在。其中，铜主要赋存在孔雀石、蓝磷铜矿中，钴主要赋存在含铜钴硬锰矿、水钴矿中。
（2）针对该高氧化率铜钴矿，依次进行了捕收剂种类及用量试验、硫化剂种类及用量试验，试验结果表明，当捕收剂戊基黄药用量为1 185 g/t，组合硫化剂(硫化钠：硫氢化钠=1:1)用量为7 000 g/t时，各浮选精矿中铜、钴的品位和回收率均较高，铜钴矿物能得到较好的回收。
（3）对浮选尾矿中的含铜钴硬锰矿、铜钴锰铁结合物和含铜褐铁矿等含铜钴的磁性矿物采用强磁选回收，可得到铜品位为3.29%、铜回收率为22.04%、钴品位为0.266%、钴回收率为10.01%的强磁铜钴精矿，表明强磁选可以有效回收浮选尾矿中的铜钴矿物。
（4）对于高氧化率、矿石组分复杂的铜钴矿，单独使用浮选法可能无法达到理想的回收效果，采用浮-磁选联合工艺，可以提高铜、钴回收率，最终获得铜总回收率为79.83%、钴总回收率为54.79%的铜钴精矿，选矿指标较好。
（5）孔雀石、蓝磷铜矿、含铜钴硬锰矿等主要铜钴矿物富集在铜钴浮选精矿（硫化铜精矿、氧化铜精矿、钴精矿)中；褐铁矿(含铜)主要富集在强磁精矿中，实现了铜钴矿物的高效综合回收。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904501; 2022YFC2904502)
文献
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间：2024-05-06
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-06
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904501; 2022YFC2904502)
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    1.华刚矿业股份有限公司，刚果（金） 科卢韦齐市　1004131
    2.中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司，安徽　马鞍山市　243000

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杨含蓄（1996—），女，安徽安庆人，硕士，工程师，主要从事选矿工艺方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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