Article(id=1322595208668238805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712073600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260870377, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260870377, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260870377, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260870377, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=156, endPage=163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595208827622358, articleId=1322595208668238805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimization Design of Support Parameters and Layout of Bebar Bolt in Inclined Shaft, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To effectively ensure the long-term stability of the extension section of the auxiliary inclined shaft in a mine of northern Shaanxi, ABAQUS software was used to analyze the influence of parameters such as thread spacing, anchorage length and borehole diameter on the bearing performance of the bolt, and reasonable anchorage parameters were selected. FLAC3D software was used to simulate the bolt support schemes of three kinds of spacing, and the optimal bolt spacing was determined by the displacement and plastic zone distribution. On this basis, field tests and surrounding rock deformation monitoring were carried out. The results show that the maximum tensile force of the bolt under 10 mm thread spacing is only 7.9 kN different from that under 8 mm thread spacing. Considering the production cost, the thread spacing of the bolt is determined to be 10 mm. The maximum anchorage force of the bolt increases with the increase of the anchorage length and the borehole diameter. After exceeding the critical value, the anchorage length and the borehole diameter have little effect on the anchorage force. Finally, the reasonable anchorage length is 800 mm and the borehole diameter is 28 mm. The control effect of surrounding rock with bolt support spacing of 1 200 mm and 1 000 mm is not much different. In order to improve the construction efficiency, the bolt spacing is determined to be 1 200 mm. The field practice shows that after using the optimized anchorage and support parameters, the average anchorage force of the bolt is greater than 150 kN, and the surface deformation of the surrounding rock is less than 25 mm, which can ensure the stability of the roadway and verify the rationality of the anchorage and support parameters.

, authors=Jiangfei DUAN1, Chaojie DU1, Hao WEN1, Haocheng LI2, Yuyu YANG2, Peng LI1, Xin YANG2, authorsList=Jiangfei DUAN, Chaojie DU, Hao WEN, Haocheng LI, Yuyu YANG, Peng LI, Xin YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595213437162485, articleId=1322595208668238805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=斜井螺纹钢锚杆支护参数及布置方式的优化设计, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为有效保证陕北某矿副斜井延伸段的长期稳定性,采用ABAQUS软件分析了螺纹间距、锚固长度及钻孔直径等参数对锚杆承载性能的影响,优选出合理的锚固参数,并采用FLAC3D模拟了3种间距的锚杆支护方案,通过位移量及塑性区分布情况确定出最优锚杆间距,在此基础上开展了现场试验及围岩变形监测。研究结果表明:10 mm螺纹间距与8 mm螺纹间距下的锚杆最大拉力仅相差7.9 kN,考虑生产成本因素,确定锚杆螺纹间距为10 mm;锚杆最大锚固力随锚固长度和钻孔直径的增加而增大,超过临界值后,锚固长度和钻孔直径对锚固力的影响较小,最终确定合理的锚固长度为800 mm,钻孔直径为28 mm;锚杆支护间距为1 200 mm和1 000 mm的围岩控制效果相差不大,为提高施工效率,确定锚杆间距为1 200 mm。现场实践表明,采用优化的锚固及支护参数后,锚杆平均锚固力大于150 kN,围岩表面变形量小于25 mm,能够保证巷道的稳定性,验证了锚固及支护参数的合理性。

, authors=段江飞1, 杜超杰1, 温浩1, 李昊城2, 杨玉玉2, 李鹏1, 杨鑫2, authorsList=段江飞, 杜超杰, 温浩, 李昊城, 杨玉玉, 李鹏, 杨鑫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

段江飞(1990—),男,陕西佳县人,工程师,主要从事矿山压力与岩层控制研究。E-mail:

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段江飞(1990—),男,陕西佳县人,工程师,主要从事矿山压力与岩层控制研究。E-mail:

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段江飞(1990—),男,陕西佳县人,工程师,主要从事矿山压力与岩层控制研究。E-mail:

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Coal Technology, 2023, 42(6):52-56., articleTitle=Study on strata behaviors and support parameter optimization of mining roadway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595752723989395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595208668238805, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595752732378004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595208668238805, companyId=1322595752723989395, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shaanxi Yongxin Mining Co., Ltd., Yulin, Shaanxi 719407, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595752740766613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595208668238805, companyId=1322595752723989395, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.陕西涌鑫矿业有限责任公司,陕西 榆林市 719407)]), 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articleId=1322595208668238805, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Plastic parameters of bolt

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参考点应力/MPa塑性应变
1362.880.000
2367.740.006
3469.800.026
4603.450.108
5689.310.198
6712.800.230
), ArticleFig(id=1322595762521883623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595208668238805, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

锚杆塑性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参考点应力/MPa塑性应变
1362.880.000
2367.740.006
3469.800.026
4603.450.108
5689.310.198
6712.800.230
), ArticleFig(id=1322595762580603880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595208668238805, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Rock mechanics parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg/m3)杨氏模量/GPa泊松比断裂应变破坏位移/mm膨胀角/(°)
2 80042.30.180.1830.0110
), ArticleFig(id=1322595762647712745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595208668238805, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩体力学参数

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密度/(kg/m3)杨氏模量/GPa泊松比断裂应变破坏位移/mm膨胀角/(°)
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斜井螺纹钢锚杆支护参数及布置方式的优化设计
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段江飞 1 , 杜超杰 1 , 温浩 1 , 李昊城 2 , 杨玉玉 2 , 李鹏 1 , 杨鑫 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(3): 156-163
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (3) : 156 -163
斜井螺纹钢锚杆支护参数及布置方式的优化设计
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段江飞(1990—),男,陕西佳县人,工程师,主要从事矿山压力与岩层控制研究。E-mail:

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段江飞1 , 杜超杰1, 温浩1, 李昊城2, 杨玉玉2, 李鹏1, 杨鑫2
作者信息
  • 1.陕西涌鑫矿业有限责任公司,陕西 榆林市 719407
  • 2.渭南陕煤启辰科技有限公司,陕西 渭南市 714000
作者简介:

段江飞(1990—),男,陕西佳县人,工程师,主要从事矿山压力与岩层控制研究。E-mail:

Optimization Design of Support Parameters and Layout of Bebar Bolt in Inclined Shaft
Jiangfei DUAN1 , Chaojie DU1, Hao WEN1, Haocheng LI2, Yuyu YANG2, Peng LI1, Xin YANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shaanxi Yongxin Mining Co., Ltd., Yulin, Shaanxi 719407, China
  • 2.Weinan Shaanxi Coal Qichen Technology Co., Ltd., Weinan, Shaanxi 714000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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为有效保证陕北某矿副斜井延伸段的长期稳定性,采用ABAQUS软件分析了螺纹间距、锚固长度及钻孔直径等参数对锚杆承载性能的影响,优选出合理的锚固参数,并采用FLAC3D模拟了3种间距的锚杆支护方案,通过位移量及塑性区分布情况确定出最优锚杆间距,在此基础上开展了现场试验及围岩变形监测。研究结果表明:10 mm螺纹间距与8 mm螺纹间距下的锚杆最大拉力仅相差7.9 kN,考虑生产成本因素,确定锚杆螺纹间距为10 mm;锚杆最大锚固力随锚固长度和钻孔直径的增加而增大,超过临界值后,锚固长度和钻孔直径对锚固力的影响较小,最终确定合理的锚固长度为800 mm,钻孔直径为28 mm;锚杆支护间距为1 200 mm和1 000 mm的围岩控制效果相差不大,为提高施工效率,确定锚杆间距为1 200 mm。现场实践表明,采用优化的锚固及支护参数后,锚杆平均锚固力大于150 kN,围岩表面变形量小于25 mm,能够保证巷道的稳定性,验证了锚固及支护参数的合理性。

锚杆支护  /  锚固参数  /  锚固力  /  布置方式  /  数值模拟

To effectively ensure the long-term stability of the extension section of the auxiliary inclined shaft in a mine of northern Shaanxi, ABAQUS software was used to analyze the influence of parameters such as thread spacing, anchorage length and borehole diameter on the bearing performance of the bolt, and reasonable anchorage parameters were selected. FLAC3D software was used to simulate the bolt support schemes of three kinds of spacing, and the optimal bolt spacing was determined by the displacement and plastic zone distribution. On this basis, field tests and surrounding rock deformation monitoring were carried out. The results show that the maximum tensile force of the bolt under 10 mm thread spacing is only 7.9 kN different from that under 8 mm thread spacing. Considering the production cost, the thread spacing of the bolt is determined to be 10 mm. The maximum anchorage force of the bolt increases with the increase of the anchorage length and the borehole diameter. After exceeding the critical value, the anchorage length and the borehole diameter have little effect on the anchorage force. Finally, the reasonable anchorage length is 800 mm and the borehole diameter is 28 mm. The control effect of surrounding rock with bolt support spacing of 1 200 mm and 1 000 mm is not much different. In order to improve the construction efficiency, the bolt spacing is determined to be 1 200 mm. The field practice shows that after using the optimized anchorage and support parameters, the average anchorage force of the bolt is greater than 150 kN, and the surface deformation of the surrounding rock is less than 25 mm, which can ensure the stability of the roadway and verify the rationality of the anchorage and support parameters.

Bolt support  /  Anchorage parameter  /  Anchorage force  /  Layout  /  Numerical simulation
段江飞, 杜超杰, 温浩, 李昊城, 杨玉玉, 李鹏, 杨鑫. 斜井螺纹钢锚杆支护参数及布置方式的优化设计. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 156 -163 .
Jiangfei DUAN, Chaojie DU, Hao WEN, Haocheng LI, Yuyu YANG, Peng LI, Xin YANG. Optimization Design of Support Parameters and Layout of Bebar Bolt in Inclined Shaft[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 156 -163 .
锚杆支护技术作为一种简单高效的巷道围岩控制技术,在煤矿井工开采工程中占据着重要地位。通过给锚杆施加预紧力,在浅部围岩形成一定范围的压应力,限制其变形破坏,并调动围岩形成主动承载结构,提高巷道的稳定性[1-2]。
合理的杆体外形参数及锚固参数能够有效提高单根锚杆的锚固力,诸多学者对此展开了研究。荣冠等[3]对比了螺纹钢及圆钢锚杆的拉拔特性,得出螺纹对锚杆锚固性能的影响较大。刘亚鑫等[4]基于ABAQUS软件研究了锚杆不同螺纹间距下的强度,得出随着螺纹间距的减小,杆体强度增大。李东印等[5]通过ABAQUS软件模拟分析了螺纹钢锚杆拉拔过程,验证了螺纹参数对锚杆锚固的影响。而在锚杆杆体、锚固剂及围岩等参数确定后,能否实现较高锚固力的关键在于合理的锚固剂环厚及锚固长度[6-8]。研究发现,锚杆锚固长度在一定范围内增长时,可有效提高锚固强度,但超过某一阈值后,锚固力的增幅明显降低[9-11]。对于锚固剂环形厚度而言,也存在一定的临界值,胡滨等[12]通过数值模拟详细分析了锚固剂环形厚度对锚固性能的影响,得出钻孔直径与锚杆直径之差应控制在4~10 mm之间。康红普等[13]通过测试不同载荷下锚杆的轴力分布,指出钻孔直径应在大于锚杆直径的6~8 mm范围内。
在实际施工过程中,还需通过设计合理的支护参数,以使每根锚杆的压应力相互叠加,共同控制围岩变形,使其主动支护作用得到充分的发挥[14-15]。锚杆支护参数主要包括锚杆间排距,间排距过大时无法有效控制巷道围岩的变形破坏,间排距过小时不仅会增加施工成本及难度,还可能破坏围岩的完整性[16-17]。为深入探究锚杆锚固参数及支护方案等因素对其支护性能的影响,充分发挥其控制效果,本文利用ABAQUS软件建立锚杆拉伸试验模型,对螺纹钢锚杆进行了不同锚固参数的拉拔模拟研究,并以陕北某矿副斜井延伸段掘进面为工程背景,通过FLAC3D模拟方法对合理的锚杆布置(间距)进行了分析确定,最终通过现场拉拔及监测分析,对锚固参数及支护方案进行验证。
螺纹钢锚杆的螺纹间距对其杆体的强度具有较大的影响,为探究陕北某矿副斜井支护锚杆的合理螺纹间距,通过ABAQUS有限元模拟软件,建立锚杆拉伸试验模型,杆体直径为20 mm,采用延性金属损伤模型进行赋参分析。
模型建立过程中,对杆体和螺纹模型分别进行建立,随后通过绑定约束结合在一起,便于网格划分及分析。共建立了5种拉伸模型,螺纹间距分别为0 mm(无螺纹)、8 mm、10 mm、12 mm及14 mm。
锚杆材料弹性模量为210 GPa,泊松比为0.29。锚杆塑性参数见表1[4]。锚杆断裂力学参数为:断裂应变0.3,三轴应力比0.33,应变比1.0。
图1为螺纹钢锚杆拉伸断裂过程中的应力云图。
由图1可知,锚杆的拉伸过程可分为4个阶段,分别为弹性阶段、塑性阶段、损伤阶段和断裂阶段。在弹性阶段和塑性阶段,杆体内的应力基本呈均匀分布,当应力达到杆体最大载荷时,杆体横向截面骤然缩小,载荷也随之快速下降,随后发生损伤并断裂。5种螺纹间距下的锚杆最终断裂形态基本一致,均平行于肋倾角断裂。
图2为不同螺纹间距锚杆拉伸过程中的拉力–位移曲线。无螺纹锚杆的拉力峰值最小,为184.5 kN,增设螺纹后,锚杆极限载荷随着螺纹间距的减小而增大。分析其原因,螺纹横肋变相增大了锚杆的横截面积,进而提升了锚杆的抗拉性能。
由图2可知,8 mm螺纹间距的锚杆抗拉性能最强,峰值拉力为202.6 kN,但其制作成本稍高;而10 mm螺纹间距的锚杆拉力峰值为194.7 kN, 与8 mm螺纹间距仅相差7.9 kN, 且生产成本低。因此,选用螺纹间距为10 mm的锚杆进行下一步锚固分析。
采用ABAQUS软件建立锚杆三维拉拔模型,并设置锚杆螺纹间距为10 mm,模型分为3个部分,分别为岩体试块、螺纹钢锚杆及锚固剂,其中锚固剂与螺纹钢锚杆间采用布尔运算连接,并与岩体试块装配。锚固长度分别设置为400 mm、600 mm、800 mm及1 000 mm。
图3为400 mm锚固长度、24 mm钻孔直径拉拔模型的详细建模过程。其中,岩体岩性为粉砂岩,试块为圆柱形,半径为300 mm,高度为600 mm,采用D-P损伤模型,具体参数见表2。锚杆杆长500 mm,前400 mm包含螺纹,后100 mm无螺纹,方便后续施加位移控制。
岩体底部设置为固定边界,以位移控制来实现拉拔过程,具体为在锚杆外露段中心点向上偏移一定距离,建立参考点,通过耦合约束将参考点与锚杆外露段顶部自由面相连接,最后设置参考点向上位移15 mm,进行锚杆拉拔试验。
采用C3D8R单元格对岩体及螺纹钢进行网格划分。由于锚固剂形态多变,采用C3D4单元格进行网格划分,如图4所示。
设置岩体–锚固剂的相互作用时,由于岩体的刚度远超锚固剂,孔壁为主控面,锚固剂为从属面。相比于锚固剂与岩体间的位移,杆体与锚固剂间的位移非常小,因此,本模型中螺纹钢锚杆与树脂锚固剂间的接触类型为绑定约束,如图5所示。
图6为不同锚固长度下锚杆的轴向应力分布曲线。由图6可知,不同锚固长度下,锚杆的轴向应力均呈现先增高、再平稳、后降低的变化规律,锚杆轴向应力随锚固长度的增加而增大。
锚固长度为400 mm时,锚杆最大轴向应力为283.9 MPa;600 mm锚固长度下,锚杆的轴向应力峰值相较于400 mm时增大了75.43%;800 mm锚固长度下,锚杆的轴向应力峰值相较于600 mm时增加了约29.59%;1 000 mm锚固长度下,锚杆的轴向应力分布特征与800 mm时基本一致,轴向峰值应力仅相差0.8 MPa。可以看出,随着锚固长度的增加,锚杆轴向应力的增幅逐渐降低。
图7为不同锚固长度下锚杆拉拔位移–载荷曲线。由图7可知,不同锚固长度下,锚杆的拉拔位移–载荷曲线特征具有明显差异,曲线波动是由计算时设置了缩放系数加快运算引起的,对计算结果的影响可忽略。锚固长度为400 mm时,锚杆的位移–载荷曲线呈单峰状,在15 mm的位移加载下,锚杆被拔出,锚固体的极限锚固力为96.25 kN,相应位移为0.26 mm;锚固长度为600 mm时,锚杆的位移–载荷曲线与单杆体拉断类似,锚杆同样被拔出,锚固体极限锚固力达到150.32 kN,相比于400 mm锚固长度增加了56.18%;800 mm锚固长度下,由于在设置15 mm位移加载下锚固体未被拉出,因此锚杆位移–载荷曲线与600 mm锚固长度时不同,其极限锚固力达到了168.91 kN,相比于600 mm锚固长度时增加了12.37%;锚固长度为1 000 mm时,锚固体同样未被拉出,其最大锚固力为176.4 kN,仅比800 mm锚固长度时增大了4.43%,增幅较小。
为进一步分析,取各锚固长度下的最大锚固力进行对比,如图8所示。
由图8可知,随着锚固长度的增加,锚固力呈非线性增大,锚固长度超过临界值后,继续增加锚固长度对锚固力的提高效果减弱。因此,确定副斜井锚杆的合理锚固长度为800 mm。
为分析不同钻孔直径,即锚固层厚度对锚固体拉拔过程的影响,采用ABAQUS软件分别建立钻孔直径为24 mm、28 mm及32 mm的3种锚固体拉拔模型,设置锚固长度均为400 mm。建立的模型剖面如图9所示。
提取峰值载荷时刻,不同钻孔直径下,锚杆杆体轴向应力分布曲线如图10所示。从图10可以看出,随着钻孔直径的增大,锚杆轴向应力也随之增大,钻孔直径为24 mm、28 mm、32 mm时的锚杆最大轴向应力分别为275.8 MPa、417.1 MPa、495.9 MPa。
锚杆轴向应力的增幅逐渐降低,28 mm钻孔直径下,锚杆最大轴向应力相比24 mm时增大了51.23%,而32 mm钻孔直径下,锚杆最大轴向应力相比28 mm时增大了18.89%。
图11为不同钻孔直径下(24 mm、28 mm、32 mm)锚杆拉拔的位移–载荷曲线。
由图11可知,钻孔直径为24 mm时,锚固体被拉出速度较快,其曲线呈单峰状;钻孔直径为28 mm和32 mm时,锚固体拉拔曲线与单杆体拉伸曲线类似。
图12为钻孔直径与极限锚固力的关系曲线。由图12可知,随着钻孔直径的增大,锚固体极限锚固力逐渐增大,24 mm钻孔直径下,锚固体极限锚固力为92.03 kN,峰值点位移为0.3 mm;28 mm钻孔直径下,锚固体极限锚固力为126.62 kN,相较24 mm时增大了37.59%,峰值点位移为1.49 mm;32 mm钻孔直径下,锚固体极限锚固力相较于28 mm时仅增大了12.08%,增幅明显降低。由此可知,与锚固长度相同,钻孔直径超过临界值后,继续增大对锚固力的提升效果降低。因此,确定副斜井合理的钻孔直径为28 mm。
陕北某矿副斜井巷道支护设计为锚网索喷联合支护,锚杆规格为Φ20 mm×2 200 mm,托盘规格为Φ150 mm×10 mm,锚杆间排距为1 000 mm×1 000 mm,每排13根;锚索选用Φ17.8 mm×6 000 mm,托盘规格为250 mm×250 mm×12 mm,间排距为2 000 mm×2 000 mm,每排2根。
在保证巷道稳定性的基础上,为尽可能降低材料成本并提高施工效率,采用FLAC3D模拟软件对锚杆布置的间距进行优化。设置3种模拟方案,排距均为1 000 mm,每排锚杆数量分别为13根、11根和9根,对应间距分别为1 000 mm、1 200 mm和1 400 mm。
图13为副斜井巷道围岩塑性区分布特征。
由图13可知,增大锚杆间距使围岩的破坏范围进一步扩大。锚杆间距为1 000 mm时,围岩破坏深度为0.5 m,拱顶处未出现破坏;锚杆间距为1 200 mm时,围岩破坏深度变化不大,巷道拱顶处开始出现小范围破坏;锚杆间距增大至1 400 mm时,围岩平均破坏深度增大至1.5 m。
图14为不同锚杆间距的巷道围岩位移情况。
由图14可知,1 000 mm锚杆间距下,巷道拱顶处最大变形量为14.4 mm,底板及巷帮最大变形量分别为13.4 mm及7.4 mm;锚杆间距增加至1 200 mm时,巷道拱顶、底板及巷帮的最大变形量分别为14.6 mm、13.8 mm及7.8 mm,变化不明显;而锚杆间距增至1 400 mm时,相比于1 000 mm间距,巷道拱顶、底板及巷帮的最大变形量分别增大了5.3%、15.2%及22.9%,围岩变形量增幅较大。
综合模拟结果可知,当锚杆排间距为1 200 mm时,巷道围岩变形破坏特征与1 000 mm间距时相差不大,能够保证巷道的稳定性。因此,为提高施工效率,确定锚杆间距为1 200 mm,即每排布置11根锚杆。
根据研究结果,在陕北某矿副斜井延伸段掘进面,采用螺纹间距为10 mm的Φ20 mm×2 200 mm锚杆进行支护,锚杆钻孔直径为28 mm,锚固长度为800 mm,支护间距为1 200 mm,排距为1 000 mm。
为验证锚固参数的合理性,在现场采用锚杆拉拔仪进行锚固力检测,结果显示,设计锚固参数下的锚杆平均锚固力均在150 kN以上,满足巷道支护需求。
为验证支护参数的合理性,对巷道围岩表面变形量进行了实时监测,结果如图15所示。由图15可知,巷道掘进25 d后,变形量逐渐趋于稳定,其中,拱顶、底板及巷帮的最大变形量分别为21.7 mm、15.3 mm及12.9 mm,整体变形量较小,满足矿井使用需求,也验证了锚固参数及支护参数的合理性。
(1)通过锚杆拉伸模拟试验得出,10 mm螺纹间距锚杆的最大拉力为194.7 kN,与8 mm螺纹间距仅相差7.9 kN,且生产成本低,因此,选用螺纹间距为10 mm的锚杆进行下一步锚固分析。
(2)通过三维拉拔模拟试验得出,锚固力随着锚固长度及钻孔直径的增加而增大,超过临界值后,继续增加对锚杆极限锚固力的提升效果不明显。确定锚杆合理的锚固长度为800 mm,钻孔直径为28 mm。
(3)通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件得出,陕北某矿副斜井锚杆支护间距为1 200 mm时的围岩控制效果与1 000 mm时相差不大,为提高施工效率,确定采用1 200 mm的锚杆间距。
(4)现场实践表明,锚杆平均锚固力可达到150 kN以上,围岩变形量在25 mm以下,能够保证巷道的稳定性,验证了锚固及支护参数的合理性。

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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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    1.陕西涌鑫矿业有限责任公司,陕西 榆林市 719407
    2.渭南陕煤启辰科技有限公司,陕西 渭南市 714000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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