Article(id=1322595191383511880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712246400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260866255, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260866255, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260866255, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260866255, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=253, endPage=260, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595191551284041, articleId=1322595191383511880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Flotation of a Tetrahedrite-Type Copper-Silver Polymetallic Sulfide Ore in Inner Mongolia, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking a copper-silver polymetallic sulfide ore in Inner Mongolia as the research object, the process mineralogy analysis and flotation tests were carried out. The research results of ore properties show that except for a small amount of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena in the raw ore, copper and silver mainly exist in the form of silver tetrahedrite. The flotation tests show that, firstly, the copper-silver mixed flotation process is used to realize the separation of copper-silver minerals and sphalerite. Secondly, the mixed flotation concentrate is reground and floated to realize the separation of copper-silver and galena. Finally, the process flow of copper-silver mixed flotation-regrinding of mixed flotation concentrate-copper-silver flotation concentration is determined. The copper-silver concentrate with copper grade of 18.98%, copper recovery rate of 80.98%, silver grade of 10 521.88 g/t and silver recovery rate of 89.81% is obtained by closed-circuit test. By feeding the flotation tailings into the subsequent lead-zinc separation operation, the efficient comprehensive utilization of copper-silver mineral resources has been realized.

, authors=Yuhang SHI, Shuai WANG, Baoxu SONG, Enming HUANG, Fangyuan MA, Nan NAN, authorsList=Yuhang SHI, Shuai WANG, Baoxu SONG, Enming HUANG, Fangyuan MA, Nan NAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baoxu SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595194663457628, articleId=1322595191383511880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=内蒙古某黝铜矿型铜银多金属硫化矿浮选试验研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以内蒙古某铜银多金属硫化矿为研究对象,进行工艺矿物学分析和浮选试验研究。矿石性质研究结果表明,原矿中除了少量黄铜矿、闪锌矿与方铅矿以外,铜银主要以银黝铜矿形式存在。浮选试验研究表明,首先采用铜银混合浮选流程,实现铜银矿物与闪锌矿的分离,其次对混合浮选精矿进行再磨浮选,实现铜银与方铅矿的分离,最终确定了铜银混合浮选—混浮精矿再磨—铜银浮选精选的工艺流程。闭路试验获得了铜品位为18.98%、回收率为80.98%,银品位为10 521.88 g/t、回收率为89.81%的铜银精矿,浮选尾矿给入后续的铅锌分离作业,实现了铜银矿产资源的高效综合利用。

, authors=施雨航, 王帅, 宋宝旭, 黄恩铭, 马芳源, 南楠, authorsList=施雨航, 王帅, 宋宝旭, 黄恩铭, 马芳源, 南楠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋宝旭, authorNote=

施雨航(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
宋宝旭(1987—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:
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施雨航(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

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施雨航(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

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Applied Surface Science, 2021, 551:149420., articleTitle=Flotation performance, structure-activity relationship and adsorption mechanism of a newly-synthesized collector for copper sulfide minerals in Gacun polymetallic ore, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595438927135699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, awardId=601010337, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁科技大学博士启动基金项目(601010337), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595430018433929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595430035211146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, companyId=1322595430018433929, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 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language=CN, label=图8, caption=丁铵黑药用量试验结果, figureFileSmall=lyj2z9DCiCRCHnQI90EKuQ==, figureFileBig=pLJSOczpX57TElDpgjDo8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595437626901445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The final determined whole process flow, figureFileSmall=tUbtTh3G1Qa5BziiUDIRFg==, figureFileBig=b45VLHVsXypGf030VGqW3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595437706593222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=图9, caption=最终确定的全工艺流程, figureFileSmall=tUbtTh3G1Qa5BziiUDIRFg==, figureFileBig=b45VLHVsXypGf030VGqW3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595437840810951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Content of main chemical multi-element of ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ag*CuZnPbS
1250.271.150.143.25
FeSiO2CaOMgOAl2O3
6.3667.120.290.3314.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322595437945668552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿石主要化学多元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ag*CuZnPbS
1250.271.150.143.25
FeSiO2CaOMgOAl2O3
6.3667.120.290.3314.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438029554633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Minerals composition and content of ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
银黝铜矿含银黝铜矿硫锑铜银矿螺状硫银矿黝铜矿黄铜矿黄铁矿闪锌矿
0.250.34微量微量0.360.043.902.05
石英长石绢云母黑云母次透辉石电气石钙铝榴石方铅矿
49.163.1011.010.080.0323.670.110.12
高岭土榍石锆石磷灰石绿泥石方解石其他合计
1.750.010.320.041.190.030.40100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438096663498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矿石矿物组成及含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
银黝铜矿含银黝铜矿硫锑铜银矿螺状硫银矿黝铜矿黄铜矿黄铁矿闪锌矿
0.250.34微量微量0.360.043.902.05
石英长石绢云母黑云母次透辉石电气石钙铝榴石方铅矿
49.163.1011.010.080.0323.670.110.12
高岭土榍石锆石磷灰石绿泥石方解石其他合计
1.750.010.320.041.190.030.40100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438188938187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Occurrence state of copper and silver in ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物矿物含量/%元素含量占有率/%
Cu/%Ag/(g/t)CuAg
独立银矿物 (不含银黝铜矿)————54.71
黄铜矿0.0434.44—5.09—
银黝铜矿0.6136.557323.0082.3135.74
闪锌矿2.050.19250.331.444.11
方铅矿0.12—1302.55—1.25
黄铁矿3.900.0657.010.861.78
脉石矿物92.990.033.2510.302.41
其他0.29————
合计100.000.27125.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438256047052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

铜、银在矿石中的赋存状态

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矿物矿物含量/%元素含量占有率/%
Cu/%Ag/(g/t)CuAg
独立银矿物 (不含银黝铜矿)————54.71
黄铜矿0.0434.44—5.09—
银黝铜矿0.6136.557323.0082.3135.74
闪锌矿2.050.19250.331.444.11
方铅矿0.12—1302.55—1.25
黄铁矿3.900.0657.010.861.78
脉石矿物92.990.033.2510.302.41
其他0.29————
合计100.000.27125.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438318961613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of separation closed-circuit test of copper-silver and zinc

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
Ag*CuZnPbAgCuZnPb
铜银粗精矿3.023 866.126.907.243.9993.4183.3219.1886.15
浮选尾矿96.988.500.040.950.026.5916.6880.8213.85
原矿100.00125.000.251.140.14100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438386070478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

铜银与锌的分选闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
Ag*CuZnPbAgCuZnPb
铜银粗精矿3.023 866.126.907.243.9993.4183.3219.1886.15
浮选尾矿96.988.500.040.950.026.5916.6880.8213.85
原矿100.00125.000.251.140.14100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438465762255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of closed-circuit test for selection of copper-silver rough concentrate cleaning

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称作业产率%品位/%作业回收率/%
Ag*CuZnPbAgCuZnPb
铜银精矿35.4310 521.8818.984.933.9796.1797.2024.1435.26
精选尾矿64.57214.060.308.504.003.832.8075.8664.74
给矿100.003 866.126.907.243.99100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438532871120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

铜银粗精矿精选闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称作业产率%品位/%作业回收率/%
Ag*CuZnPbAgCuZnPb
铜银精矿35.4310 521.8818.984.933.9796.1797.2024.1435.26
精选尾矿64.57214.060.308.504.003.832.8075.8664.74
给矿100.003 866.126.907.243.99100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438599979985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comprehensive test indexes for the whole process flow

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率%品位/%作业回收率/%
Ag*CuZnPbAgCuZnPb
铜银精矿1.0710 521.8818.984.933.9789.8180.984.6230.30
浮选尾矿A96.988.500.040.950.026.5916.6880.8213.85
浮选尾矿B1.95230.000.308.504.003.592.3414.5655.85
尾矿(A+B)98.9312.870.051.100.1010.1919.0295.3869.66
给矿100.00125.000.251.140.14100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595438692254674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595191383511880, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

全工艺流程综合试验指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率%品位/%作业回收率/%
Ag*CuZnPbAgCuZnPb
铜银精矿1.0710 521.8818.984.933.9789.8180.984.6230.30
浮选尾矿A96.988.500.040.950.026.5916.6880.8213.85
浮选尾矿B1.95230.000.308.504.003.592.3414.5655.85
尾矿(A+B)98.9312.870.051.100.1010.1919.0295.3869.66
给矿100.00125.000.251.140.14100.00100.00100.00100.00
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内蒙古某黝铜矿型铜银多金属硫化矿浮选试验研究
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施雨航 , 王帅 , 宋宝旭 , 黄恩铭 , 马芳源 , 南楠
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(3): 253-260
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (3) : 253 -260
内蒙古某黝铜矿型铜银多金属硫化矿浮选试验研究
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施雨航(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

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施雨航(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

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施雨航 , 王帅, 宋宝旭 , 黄恩铭, 马芳源, 南楠
作者信息
  • 辽宁科技大学 矿业工程学院,辽宁 鞍山市 114001
通讯作者:
宋宝旭(1987—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:
作者简介:

施雨航(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Flotation of a Tetrahedrite-Type Copper-Silver Polymetallic Sulfide Ore in Inner Mongolia
Yuhang SHI , Shuai WANG, Baoxu SONG , Enming HUANG, Fangyuan MA, Nan NAN
Affiliations
  • School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning 114001, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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以内蒙古某铜银多金属硫化矿为研究对象,进行工艺矿物学分析和浮选试验研究。矿石性质研究结果表明,原矿中除了少量黄铜矿、闪锌矿与方铅矿以外,铜银主要以银黝铜矿形式存在。浮选试验研究表明,首先采用铜银混合浮选流程,实现铜银矿物与闪锌矿的分离,其次对混合浮选精矿进行再磨浮选,实现铜银与方铅矿的分离,最终确定了铜银混合浮选—混浮精矿再磨—铜银浮选精选的工艺流程。闭路试验获得了铜品位为18.98%、回收率为80.98%,银品位为10 521.88 g/t、回收率为89.81%的铜银精矿,浮选尾矿给入后续的铅锌分离作业,实现了铜银矿产资源的高效综合利用。

浮选  /  黝铜矿  /  铜银多金属硫化矿  /  品位  /  回收率

Taking a copper-silver polymetallic sulfide ore in Inner Mongolia as the research object, the process mineralogy analysis and flotation tests were carried out. The research results of ore properties show that except for a small amount of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena in the raw ore, copper and silver mainly exist in the form of silver tetrahedrite. The flotation tests show that, firstly, the copper-silver mixed flotation process is used to realize the separation of copper-silver minerals and sphalerite. Secondly, the mixed flotation concentrate is reground and floated to realize the separation of copper-silver and galena. Finally, the process flow of copper-silver mixed flotation-regrinding of mixed flotation concentrate-copper-silver flotation concentration is determined. The copper-silver concentrate with copper grade of 18.98%, copper recovery rate of 80.98%, silver grade of 10 521.88 g/t and silver recovery rate of 89.81% is obtained by closed-circuit test. By feeding the flotation tailings into the subsequent lead-zinc separation operation, the efficient comprehensive utilization of copper-silver mineral resources has been realized.

Flotation  /  Tetrahedrite  /  Copper-silver polymetallic sulfide ore  /  Grade  /  Recovery rate
施雨航, 王帅, 宋宝旭, 黄恩铭, 马芳源, 南楠. 内蒙古某黝铜矿型铜银多金属硫化矿浮选试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 253 -260 .
Yuhang SHI, Shuai WANG, Baoxu SONG, Enming HUANG, Fangyuan MA, Nan NAN. Experimental Study on Flotation of a Tetrahedrite-Type Copper-Silver Polymetallic Sulfide Ore in Inner Mongolia[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 253 -260 .
铜是重要的有色金属原料,在电气、国防、机械化工及农业等领域应用广泛,与人类社会的发展密切相关[1]。银是重要的贵金属,不仅具备金融储备职能,还以其独特的物理和化学性质成为国家经济发展、现代化工业以及人民生活中不可或缺的重要材料[2]。
我国独立银矿床较少,主要以共伴生元素富集在有色金属硫化矿中。近年来,在内蒙古发现大量的含银多金属硫化矿床,是我国拥有银矿床最多的省份。在矿石类型方面,银属铜型离子,亲硫,极化能力强,主要以类质同象的形式赋存在黝铜矿中,含银黝铜矿是内蒙古银矿产资源的重要类型[3]。
银黝铜矿作为同时含有铜和银的有价矿物,综合利用价值巨大,由于其可浮性较好,主要采用浮选法回收。针对银黝铜矿整体嵌布粒度较微细且不均匀等问题,往往需要更细的磨矿细度,而精矿中的铜银品位普遍较低,铅锌含量也严重超标[4]。近年来,一些选矿工作者加强了对有色金属矿中银、铜回收利用的研究,开展了大量试验工作,并取得了一系列的研究成果[5]。
以内蒙古某黝铜矿型铜银多金属硫化矿为研究对象,在矿石性质研究基础上,开展了浮选试验研究,最终采用铜银混合浮选-混浮精矿再磨-铜银浮选精选的工艺流程,实现了铜银矿产资源的高效综合利用。
试验样品取自内蒙古某铜银多金属硫化矿床,主要元素分析结果见表1。由表1可知,原矿银品位高达125 g/t,达到了银矿独立开采标准,铜品位为0.27%,达到了银矿共伴生组开采标准,是伴生铜的银矿石[6]。
为了进一步查明矿石中的主要矿物类型和含量,采用高级矿物鉴定和表征系统(AMICS)进行测定,矿物组成测定结果见表2。由表2可知,除了有以硫锑铜银矿、螺状硫银矿为主的独立银矿物以外,仍含有大量以黝铜矿为载体的含银矿物,既有本身已进入黝铜矿晶格、以化学负载形式形成的银黝铜矿[7],也有以分散吸附态赋存在黝铜矿中、以物理负载形式存在的含银黝铜矿,两者的回收优劣会直接影响银和铜的回收率。在选矿回收过程中,需关注以方铅矿和闪锌矿为主的铅锌矿物的走向,降低对铜银指标的影响,并实现综合利用[8]。
试样中铜银主要赋存在银黝铜矿中,银黝铜矿的结晶粒度与连生情况是影响铜银精矿质量的重要因素。对样品中主要矿物的嵌布粒度进行了测定,测定结果如图1所示。由图1可知,闪锌矿的嵌布粒度集中在+0.074 mm粒级,整体嵌布粒度较粗,相对易解离。方铅矿嵌布粒度主要集中在−0.043 mm粒级,整体嵌布粒度较细,相对难解离。而以黝铜矿为载体的含银矿物嵌布粒度较分散,需要在磨矿过程中密切关注其解离情况,最大限度防止过磨情况的发生[9]。
对铜、银的赋存状态进行了查定,查定结果见表3。由表3可知,铜主要赋存在黝铜矿和黄铜矿中,两者的回收优劣直接决定了铜回收率的高低;银主要赋存于独立银矿物和黝铜矿中[10],高效回收含银矿物是回收的关键。
浮选试验每次取矿样500 g,经实验室磨机磨矿后,在XFD型1.5 L浮选机中浮选,试验用水为自来水,对浮选泡沫产品和槽内产品分别进行过滤、烘干、称重、制样、化验后,计算产率和回收率。试验采用“一粗一扫”的流程结构,考察磨矿细度、锌抑制剂、捕收剂种类及用量对指标的影响,确定最佳的药剂制度和工艺流程,并在此基础上进行了全流程闭路试验。
有用矿物单体解离是矿石有效分选的先决条件,未完全解离或者过分解离[11],会增加浮选难度。磨矿细度对选别指标有决定性的影响[12],首先对矿石进行磨矿细度试验研究,产品磨矿细度以−0.074 mm质量百分比表示,分析不同磨矿细度条件下精矿产品铜品位和回收率、银品位和回收率的变化,结果如图2所示。由图2可知,随着磨矿细度的增加,铜品位和回收率、银品位和回收率均呈现增加的趋势,当磨矿细度大于65%时,铜品位和回收率、银品位和回收率有所减少。综上,磨矿细度宜选择−0.074 mm占65%。
该矿石中锌矿物主要是以闪锌矿为主,含量高达2.05%。有效的分选决定了铜银粗精矿产品的质量,在磨矿细度−0.074 mm占65%、丁铵黑药用量为60 g/t的条件下进行抑制剂种类及用量的试验研究[13],结果如图3所示。由图3可知,随着石灰+硫酸锌的用量由1 500 g/t(m1∶m2=0∶1 500,m1为石灰,m2为硫酸锌)增加到9 500 g/t(m1∶m2=16∶3),铜银精矿的回收率呈下降趋势。李志婷等[14]认为过量的石灰会导致矿浆中羟基钙化合物在细微粒单体银黝铜矿表面聚集或吸附,对上浮产生不利影响。随着碳酸钠 + 硫酸锌的用量由 0 增加到2 000 g/t(m3∶m2=1∶1,m3为硫酸钠), 银品位和铜品位呈上升趋势,锌品位和回收率明显降低,碳酸钠 +硫酸锌的用量由2 000 g/t(m3∶m2=1∶1)增加到4 000 g/t(m3∶m2=1∶1)时,银品位和铜品位呈下降趋势。综上,后续试验选用碳酸钠 + 硫酸锌用量为2 000 g/t(m3∶m2=1∶1)。
丁铵黑药与Z-200对铜银矿物均具有相对较好的选择性捕收效果,是铜银矿物常用的选择性捕收剂[15]。基于此,分别考查丁铵黑药、Z-200、丁铵黑药+Z−200对铜银回收指标的影响。试验采用“一粗一扫”的流程结构,固定磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占65%,锌抑制剂选择硫酸锌+碳酸钠,固定其用量为2 000 g/t,扫选用量为粗选的四分之一,试验结果如图4所示。由图4可知,在同等药剂用量条件下,对铜银矿物的捕收效果中,丁铵黑药用量为60 g/t时,铜和银的回收率呈上升趋势,品位均呈缓慢下降趋势,当丁铵黑药用量从60 g/t增加到120 g/t时,铜和银的回收率并未发生显著变化,品位呈下降趋势。而Z-200和丁铵黑药+Z−200组合均不能得到优良试验指标。因此,后续试验选用丁铵黑药用量为60 g/t。
根据磨矿细度、抑制剂种类及用量和捕收剂种类及用量浮选条件试验确定的最佳操作参数,进行铜银与锌分选的闭路试验,试验采用“一粗两扫两精”的流程结构[16],结果见表4。由表4可知,铜银粗精矿的银品位为3 866.12 g/t,达到产品要求,但铜品位为6.9%,并未达到产品要求,后续如何提高铜银粗精矿中的铜品位是浮选试验的关键。
为了查明铜银粗精矿铜品位低的原因,对铜银粗精矿中的铜矿物嵌布特征进行了分析,如图5所示。由图5可知,铜银粗精矿中的黝铜矿与方铅矿和闪锌矿存在较为复杂的连生关系[17],特别是方铅矿,不仅嵌布粒度主要集中在−0.043 mm粒级,而且与黝铜矿紧密连生[18]。
嵌布特征研究结果表明,导致铜精矿品位较低的主要原因是存在大量的方铅矿和闪锌矿与黝铜矿紧密连生[19]。因此对铜银粗精矿进行了再磨磨矿细度试验,产品磨矿细度用−0.043 mm质量百分比表示,考察不同磨矿细度条件下,精矿产品铜品位和回收率的变化,结果如图6 所示。由图6 可知,随着磨矿细度的增加,铜和银的回收率呈上升趋势,当−0.043 mm质量百分比大于80%时,回收率趋于稳定,主要是因为方铅矿和闪锌矿的嵌布粒度细[20]。综上,磨矿细度宜选择−0.043 mm占80%。
由于交互影响的存在[21],随着磨矿细度的变化,抑制剂种类及用量存在相应的差异,为高效抑制微细粒的铅锌矿物,分别选择石灰和硫化钠做锌抑制剂,考查不同用量对铜银回收指标的影响。
试验采用“一粗一扫”的流程结构,再磨磨矿细度为−0.043 mm占80%,丁铵黑药用量为60 g/t,结果如图7所示。
由图7(a)可知,随着石灰用量由0增加到1 500 g/t,铜和银的品位不断提高,回收率下降则无显著变化。当石灰用量由1 500 g/t增加到3 000 g/t时,铜和银的回收率快速下降。表明过量的石灰导致矿浆中大量羟基钙化合物在微细粒单体银黝铜矿表面聚集或吸附,对上浮产生不利影响[22]。由图7(b)可知,随着硫化钠用量由0到9 000 g/t,铜和银的回收率快速下降,硫化钠用量越大,回收率下降越多,这说明硫化钠对该矿中的铜、银矿物有明显的抑制作用,添加硫化钠对铜和银的回收不利[23]。综上,后续试验选用石灰用量为1 500 g/t。
在再磨磨矿细度为−0.043 mm占80%、抑制剂石灰质量为1 500 g/t、矿浆pH为8.5、不添加活化剂的条件下,采用“一粗一扫”的流程结构,研究捕收剂丁铵黑药用量在30~120 g/t范围内对浮选指标的影响[24],试验结果如图8所示。
由图8可知,随着捕收剂丁铵黑药用量的增加,浮选精矿的铜银品位呈下降趋势,回收率总体呈上升趋势,在捕收剂用量为60 g/t时,得到银品位为6 958.58 g/t,铜品位为11.39%,银回收率为93.69%,铜回收率87.85%的分选指标。综合考虑药剂用量及生产指标,选用捕收剂丁铵黑药用量为60 g/t。
在条件试验基础上,进行了铜银粗精矿精选闭路试验,试验采用“一粗两扫三精”的流程结构,再磨磨矿细度为−0.043 mm占80%,锌抑制剂选择石灰,粗选固定其用量为1 500 g/t,捕收剂选择丁铵黑药,粗选固定其用量为60 g/t,扫选用量为粗选的四分之一,试验结果见表5。
由表5可知,获得了银品位为10 521.88 g/t、铜品位为18.98%的铜银精矿,均达到了铜银产品要求,实现了铜银资源的高效综合利用[25]。
最终确定的全工艺流程如图9所示,综合试验指标见表6。
(1)矿石性质研究结果表明,原矿银品位高达125 g/t,铜品位为0.27%,是伴生铜的银矿石;除独立银矿物以外,银主要以黝铜矿为载体,银黝铜矿是主要的回收对象;相较于方铅矿和闪锌矿,银黝铜矿的整体嵌布粒度较微细且较分散,是选矿回收的主要难点。
(2)铜银与锌的分选试验结果表明,在磨矿细度为−0.074 mm占65%时,选用硫酸锌+碳酸钠作为组合锌抑制剂,选择丁铵黑药做捕收剂,采用“一粗两扫两精”的流程结构,获得了铜银混合粗精矿,实现了银黝铜矿与闪锌矿的高效分选。
(3)铜银混合粗精矿精选试验结果表明,磨矿细度为−0.043 mm占80%时,选择石灰作为锌抑制剂,选择丁铵黑药做捕收剂,采用“一粗两扫三精”的流程结构,获得了铜银精矿,实现了银黝铜矿与方铅矿的高效分选。
(4)最终确定了铜银混合浮选—混浮精矿再磨—铜银浮选精选的工艺流程,获得了铜品位为18.98%、回收率为80.98%,银品位为10 521.88 g/t、回收率为89.81%的铜银精矿,浮选尾矿给入后续的铅、锌回收作业,实现了铜银矿产资源的高效综合利用。
  • 辽宁科技大学博士启动基金项目(601010337)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-05
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辽宁科技大学博士启动基金项目(601010337)
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    辽宁科技大学 矿业工程学院,辽宁 鞍山市 114001

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宋宝旭(1987—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为稀有及贵金属矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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