Article(id=1322595054343012609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594813749350688, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712246400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260833583, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260833583, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260833583, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260833583, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594813749350688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260776220, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260776220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=123, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595054594670850, articleId=1322595054343012609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Visualization and Feature Enhancement of Rockburst Risk in Roadway of Phosphate Mine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The visualization of rockburst risk is of great significance to the exploitation of deep phosphate rock resources. Firstly, through the uniaxial loading test of aluminum metal, it is proved that the temperature change caused by thermo-mechanical coupling can be detected by MicroIIIS series 640 infrared thermal imager, and the increase of stress is the core reason for the increase of thermo-mechanical coupling temperature. Then, aiming at the problem that the infrared image in the actual phosphorus mine roadway is blurred and the irrelevant high temperature body intervenes to affect the effective infrared radiation characteristics information in the infrared image, the original gray image is enhanced by the adaptive gray scale stretching algorithm, so that the information entropy, histogram equalization and global contrast are optimized. The nonlinear mapping pseudo-color transformation based on temperature width adjustment is applied to enhance the visual effect of rockburst risk visual detection in actual phosphate rock roadway. Finally, through the field test of phosphate rock roadway, it is proved that the DMYB-03 handheld rockburst detector after infrared image enhancement can not only show the details of phosphate rock roadway and the infrared radiation characteristics caused by stress concentration more clearly, but also divide the stress concentration degree into stable, medium stress concentration and high stress concentration through the color brightness index of risk area and safety area. The information entropy of high stress concentration is 26.55% higher than that of stable image, the average brightness is 25.08% higher, the brightness histogram equalization is 8.36% higher, and the global contrast is 243.38% higher, semi-quantitatively reflects the degree of stress concentration of rock mass. The research results provide technical support for the visual detection of rockburst risk in mining, transportation and other fields.

, authors=Peiqiang QIN1, Chuanjie NIE1, Manqing LIN2, Yongxiong LU1, Anqin ZHANG2, Jiabing HE2, authorsList=Peiqiang QIN, Chuanjie NIE, Manqing LIN, Yongxiong LU, Anqin ZHANG, Jiabing HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongxiong LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595061825650999, articleId=1322595054343012609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=磷矿巷道岩爆风险的可视化及特征增强研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

岩爆风险的可视化对深部磷矿资源开采具有重要意义。首先,通过铝金属单轴加载试验,证明因力热耦合导致的温度变化可以被MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪检测到,应力增大是导致力热耦合温度升高的核心原因。然后,针对实际磷矿巷道内红外图像模糊和无关高温体介入影响红外图像中有效红外辐射特征信息的问题,通过自适应灰度拉伸算法增强原始灰度图像,使信息熵、直方图均衡度、全局对比度得到优化;并应用基于温宽调整的非线性映射伪彩色变换,增强实际磷矿巷道内岩爆风险可视化检测视觉效果。最后,通过磷矿巷道现场检测试验,证明经过红外图像增强后的DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪不仅能更清晰地显示磷矿巷道中的细节和应力集中导致的红外辐射特征,还可以通过风险区域与安全区域颜色亮度指标,将应力集中程度分为稳定、中等应力集中和高应力集中,高应力集中比稳定的图像信息熵高26.55%,亮度均值高25.08%,亮度直方图均衡度提高了8.36%,全局对比度提高了243.38%,半定量地反映了岩体应力集中程度。研究成果为矿山、交通等领域的岩爆风险可视化检测提供了技术支持。

, authors=秦沛强1, 聂传杰1, 吝曼卿2, 卢永雄1, 张岸勤2, 何家冰2, authorsList=秦沛强, 聂传杰, 吝曼卿, 卢永雄, 张岸勤, 何家冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=卢永雄, authorNote=

秦沛强(1999—),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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卢永雄(1976—),男,湖北通城人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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秦沛强(1999—),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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秦沛强(1999—),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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Metal Mine, 2017, 46(6): 28-33., articleTitle=The burst properties of brittle rock under different confining pressure unloading conditions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595071451578761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, awardId=52174085, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52174085), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322595071535464842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, awardId=SJZX20220910, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省安全生产专项资金科技项目(SJZX20220910), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322595071673876875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, awardId=NECP2022-08, language=CN, fundingSource=国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心开放基金项目(NECP2022-08), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595062022783288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, 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Comparison of objective indicators before and after adaptive gray stretching

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像类型信息熵直方图均衡度全局对比度
原始图像4.700.776.42
自适应灰度拉伸图像6.460.9921.67
), ArticleFig(id=1322595070960845188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

自适应灰度拉伸前后客观指标的对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像类型信息熵直方图均衡度全局对比度
原始图像4.700.776.42
自适应灰度拉伸图像6.460.9921.67
), ArticleFig(id=1322595071057314181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of the objective indicators before and after infrared image enhancement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像状态信息熵直方图均衡度全局对比度
红外图像增强前5.845.4412.99
红外图像增强后7.766.6425.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322595071124423046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

红外图像增强前后客观指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
图像状态信息熵直方图均衡度全局对比度
红外图像增强前5.845.4412.99
红外图像增强后7.766.6425.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322595071191531911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of objective indicators of images brightness

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间信息熵亮度均值直方图均衡度全局对比度
第1天5.8072.015.5013.99
第2天6.6079.435.8924.92
第3天7.3490.075.9646.78
), ArticleFig(id=1322595071258640776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595054343012609, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

图像亮度客观指标对比

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时间信息熵亮度均值直方图均衡度全局对比度
第1天5.8072.015.5013.99
第2天6.6079.435.8924.92
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磷矿巷道岩爆风险的可视化及特征增强研究
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秦沛强 1 , 聂传杰 1 , 吝曼卿 2 , 卢永雄 1 , 张岸勤 2 , 何家冰 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(2): 123-131
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (2) : 123 -131
磷矿巷道岩爆风险的可视化及特征增强研究
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秦沛强1 , 聂传杰1, 吝曼卿2, 卢永雄1 , 张岸勤2, 何家冰2
作者信息
  • 1.武汉工程大学 光电信息与能源工程学院,湖北 武汉 430205
  • 2.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖北 武汉 430074
通讯作者:
卢永雄(1976—),男,湖北通城人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

秦沛强(1999—),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:

Study on Visualization and Feature Enhancement of Rockburst Risk in Roadway of Phosphate Mine
Peiqiang QIN1 , Chuanjie NIE1, Manqing LIN2, Yongxiong LU1 , Anqin ZHANG2, Jiabing HE2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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岩爆风险的可视化对深部磷矿资源开采具有重要意义。首先,通过铝金属单轴加载试验,证明因力热耦合导致的温度变化可以被MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪检测到,应力增大是导致力热耦合温度升高的核心原因。然后,针对实际磷矿巷道内红外图像模糊和无关高温体介入影响红外图像中有效红外辐射特征信息的问题,通过自适应灰度拉伸算法增强原始灰度图像,使信息熵、直方图均衡度、全局对比度得到优化;并应用基于温宽调整的非线性映射伪彩色变换,增强实际磷矿巷道内岩爆风险可视化检测视觉效果。最后,通过磷矿巷道现场检测试验,证明经过红外图像增强后的DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪不仅能更清晰地显示磷矿巷道中的细节和应力集中导致的红外辐射特征,还可以通过风险区域与安全区域颜色亮度指标,将应力集中程度分为稳定、中等应力集中和高应力集中,高应力集中比稳定的图像信息熵高26.55%,亮度均值高25.08%,亮度直方图均衡度提高了8.36%,全局对比度提高了243.38%,半定量地反映了岩体应力集中程度。研究成果为矿山、交通等领域的岩爆风险可视化检测提供了技术支持。

岩爆检测  /  风险可视化  /  力热耦合  /  红外辐射特征  /  红外图像增强

The visualization of rockburst risk is of great significance to the exploitation of deep phosphate rock resources. Firstly, through the uniaxial loading test of aluminum metal, it is proved that the temperature change caused by thermo-mechanical coupling can be detected by MicroIIIS series 640 infrared thermal imager, and the increase of stress is the core reason for the increase of thermo-mechanical coupling temperature. Then, aiming at the problem that the infrared image in the actual phosphorus mine roadway is blurred and the irrelevant high temperature body intervenes to affect the effective infrared radiation characteristics information in the infrared image, the original gray image is enhanced by the adaptive gray scale stretching algorithm, so that the information entropy, histogram equalization and global contrast are optimized. The nonlinear mapping pseudo-color transformation based on temperature width adjustment is applied to enhance the visual effect of rockburst risk visual detection in actual phosphate rock roadway. Finally, through the field test of phosphate rock roadway, it is proved that the DMYB-03 handheld rockburst detector after infrared image enhancement can not only show the details of phosphate rock roadway and the infrared radiation characteristics caused by stress concentration more clearly, but also divide the stress concentration degree into stable, medium stress concentration and high stress concentration through the color brightness index of risk area and safety area. The information entropy of high stress concentration is 26.55% higher than that of stable image, the average brightness is 25.08% higher, the brightness histogram equalization is 8.36% higher, and the global contrast is 243.38% higher, semi-quantitatively reflects the degree of stress concentration of rock mass. The research results provide technical support for the visual detection of rockburst risk in mining, transportation and other fields.

Rockburst detection  /  Risk visualization  /  Thermal-mechanical coupling  /  Infrared radiation characteristic  /  Infrared image enhancement
秦沛强, 聂传杰, 吝曼卿, 卢永雄, 张岸勤, 何家冰. 磷矿巷道岩爆风险的可视化及特征增强研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (2) : 123 -131 .
Peiqiang QIN, Chuanjie NIE, Manqing LIN, Yongxiong LU, Anqin ZHANG, Jiabing HE. Study on Visualization and Feature Enhancement of Rockburst Risk in Roadway of Phosphate Mine[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (2) : 123 -131 .
岩爆风险监测事关矿山工程安全,已经成为地下深部资源开采的瓶颈问题[1]。耿乃光等[2]通过对多种岩石的加载试验,证明了岩石在受力变化过程中普遍会伴随热效应的发生。黎立云等[3]发现岩石在受载并发生变形的过程中,岩石的红外辐射温度会随压力及岩石应变的增大而升高。田宝柱等[4]、孙林等[5]通过红外热像仪监测含孔花岗岩的双向加载试验,发现岩爆过程中岩石的红外辐射温度有4个阶段性特征。张艳博等[6-7]、康志强等[8]利用红外热像仪监测巷道围岩在岩爆过程中的红外辐射温度变化,发现在岩爆前会出现“下降—回升”的红外辐射特异性前兆。但是岩石本身的脆性导致在岩爆瞬间破坏阶段的红外辐射温度变化较小,应力变化导致的红外辐射特征变化在未经红外图像增强前不明显。
金属的延展性能可为针对力热耦合过程的研究提供更多细节。AUTILA等[9]通过红外热像仪发现高强钢金属试样拉伸断裂时温度变化超过38 ℃。SACHDEV等[10]通过红外热像仪研究了双相钢在不同应变速率下的变形热,发现塑性变形阶段红外温度升高最明显。JUNGHWAN等[11]利用高速摄影机和红外热像仪测量了汽车侧围件冲压时的温升,并建立了力热耦合模型。因此,将金属更长的塑性阶段作为磷块岩试件塑性破裂阶段在时域上的拉伸,可为应力变化影响红外辐射特征的研究提供一条新的思路。
众多学者在实验室中提取了多种材料在应力变化时的红外辐射前兆信息,然而由于磷矿巷道内特殊环境的影响,导致岩体的红外辐射特征不明显或易被干扰,因此如何通过合适的红外图像增强技术解决上述问题成为研究重点。本文将红外技术引入实际磷矿巷道中,实现岩爆风险可视化检测,并判断应力的集中程度,研究成果可为矿山、交通等领域的岩爆风险可视化检测提供技术支持。
力热耦合将温度变化和岩石承受的应力联系起来,温度变化可由以下3部分组成:热弹性效应引起的温度变化、产生新裂隙引起的温度变化、内部摩擦引起的温度变化[12]。与应力导致岩石温度变化相关联的热弹性效应可表示为:
式中:ΔT1为热弹性效应引起的温度变化,℃;α为热膨胀系数,℃−1;ρ为密度,kg/m3;Cp为等压比热容,J/(kg· ℃), T′为绝对温度,℃;Δσ为主应力的变化值,Pa。
由式(1)可知,由力热耦合所导致的岩石温度变化值与主应力的变化Δσ值成正比。
由于红外辐射特征可以实时反馈岩石温度变化[13-14],因此采用红外热像仪检测试件释放的红外辐射特征,可以反映试件因应力导致的温度变化,其中红外辐射度与被测试件的温度之间的关系通过斯蒂芬–玻耳兹曼定律可表示为:
式中:J*为红外辐射度,J/(s·m2);ε为辐射发射率,0<ε<1;c为斯蒂芬–玻耳兹曼常数,取5.670 32×10−8J/(m2·K4)。
单轴加载试验采用RMT-301力学试验系统,其有效测力范围为10~1 500 kN,误差小于0.5%,分辨率达10 N,变形速率可调范围为0.000 1~1 mm/s;红外设备采用MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪,其测温范围为−20~+550 ℃,分辨率为640 px×512 px,视场角(水平×垂直)为48°×38°,等效噪声温差(NETD)小于0.04 ℃,具备区域选择和自动校准功能,可捕捉试件在单轴加载过程中的红外辐射特征。此外,试验前还需设置支架和遮光罩,减少外界环境因素的影响,摆放不参与加载的对比试件,校准红外辐射温度数据[15]。
为验证因应力改变导致的红外辐射温度变化可以被 MicroⅢS 系列 640型红外热像仪检测到,根据单轴加载金属试件可以产生更明显的因力热耦合导致温度变化的优势,预制长50 mm、宽50 mm、高100 mm且具有不同人工缺陷的 6061 铝试件作为研究对象,设计 2组力热耦合试验。
(1)改变菱形缺陷横向长轴长度,分别设为12 mm、14 mm、16 mm、18 mm、20 mm,保持缺陷深度均为10 mm。
(2)改变菱形缺陷深度,分别设为6 mm、10 mm、14 mm、18 mm,保持缺陷横向长轴长度均为16 mm。
加载路径:行程终点为2.0 mm,最大压力为800 kN,加载速率为0.002 mm/s。
在单轴加载试验中,不同横向长轴长度人工缺陷和不同深度人工缺陷的6061铝试件因应力分布不同,其宏观变形也不同,结果如图1和图2所示。
由图1和图2可知,6061铝试件缺陷处发生显著的塑性变形,在人工缺陷两侧尖端处最为明显,并且因为人工缺陷的不同,在单轴加载过程中缺陷处的应力大小与受力结构发生了改变,导致不同人工缺陷的变形程度存在差异。在单轴加载过程,由MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪捕捉到的不同人工缺陷铝试件塑性变形阶段的典型红外热像如图3和图4所示(图的颜色标识见电子版,下同)。
由图3和图4可知,6061铝试件人工缺陷右侧尖端的红外辐射特征明显更高,与宏观变形结果对应,其原因是缺陷处在受载时发生挤压、滑移变形、摩擦,从而导致应力增大,根据力热耦合原理,其温升比其他部分更高。为进一步分析,通过MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪的区域选择功能,将红外辐射温度数据导出,结果如图5和图6所示。
由图5和图6可知,当人工缺陷的横向长轴长度从12 mm增加至20 mm时,最高红外辐射温度从28.10 ℃上升至29.25 ℃,相差1.15 ℃;当人工缺陷的深度从6 mm增加至18 mm时,最高红外辐射温度从28.30 ℃上升至28.75 ℃,相差0.45 ℃。可知红外辐射最高温度与人工缺陷的横向长轴长度和深度成正比,即与应力大小成正比。因此,力热耦合导致的红外辐射温度可以作为反馈应力大小的指标。通过MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪可以检测到6061铝试件因应力增加导致红外辐射温度升高,将其作为岩爆风险可视化检测的红外热像模块具有可行性。
此外,通过对比以上2个试验发现,改变人工缺陷横向长轴长度导致的红外辐射温升比改变人工缺陷深度时更明显。其原因是改变人工缺陷的深度,更多是增大了缺陷处的滑移变形,而改变人工缺陷的横向长轴长度,更多是增大了缺陷处的挤压力和摩擦,这证明导致力热耦合温度升高的核心原因是应力的增大而非变形的增大。
通过红外热像仪获取实际磷矿巷道力热耦合的红外辐射特征并将其转化为图像,是研究岩爆风险可视化检测的关键数据来源。本研究采用DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪,搭载MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪。
DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪的硬件结构主要分为:可见光摄像头、红外热像仪及激光测距模块组成的传感器模块组、主控板、电路控制模块、外观及散热系统,具体结构如图7所示。
在实际磷矿巷道内使用基于传统动态映射算法的DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪进行岩爆风险可视化检测时发现,埋深为500~1 000 m的巷道处于地壳增温层[16],磷矿巷道内的温度仅受地热和力热耦合影响,因此,红外辐射温度差为1~2 ℃,而MicroⅢS系列640型红外热像仪测温范围为−20~+550 ℃,宽泛的温度区间使整个温度映射区间过宽,测温步长过大,导致在实际磷矿巷道内获取的红外图像模糊,风险区域的红外辐射特征对比度小。此外,当出现无关高温体介入时,原有的高温风险区域会受到更高温度的无关高温体影响,岩爆风险的可视化效果减弱。当岩体稳定时,本身无温度变化的同一岩体在有无高温体影响下的检测结果对比如图8所示。
由图8可知,受无关高温体介入的影响,红外图像中原本高温岩体的红外图像对比度降低,有效红外辐射特征信息减弱,更能代表风险的红色被分配到无关高温体上。因此需要在DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪中加入更合适的红外图像增强算法。
图像增强技术主要分为两大类:频域增强法和空域增强法[17]。频域增强法需进行复杂的域变换,难以满足岩爆风险实时巡检的需求。为解决在真实磷矿巷道内获取的红外图像模糊的问题,采用属于空域增强法的自适应灰度拉伸算法,其优势是运算简单快速,并且能根据图像的局部特征进行动态调整,能更好地适应不同区域的亮度变化,在磷矿巷道场景下具有实时性和高适应性。
将原始灰度图像中的像素通过自适应灰度拉伸动态范围映射到[0,255]中[18],可表示为:
式中:g(x,y)为自适应灰度拉伸后的灰度图像;I(x,y)为原始灰度图像;L为窗口底部;M为窗口顶部;ω为窗口宽度。
实现灰度图像自适应灰度拉伸的关键是对式(3)中的L和M的取值。为保证实时性,通过最简单、最有用的图像处理工具,灰度图像的直方图统计来自适应求解L和M。
首先获取灰度直方图,显示图像中每个灰度级的像素数量。灰度图像总灰度值N可表示为:
式中:n为某个灰度级;i为n的像素个数;l取值256。各个灰度值出现的概率P为:
将直方图的谷底作为直方图中窗口底部L,直方图的峰顶作为直方图中窗口顶部M,最终计算出L和M的灰度级。将原始图像进行自适应灰度拉伸处理,处理后的图像明暗自然,轮廓清晰,在图像层次感上有明显的提升。对二者的灰度直方图进行比较,如图9所示。
由图9可知,原始灰度图像的灰度级主要集中在[75,110]之间,经过自适应灰度拉伸后灰度图像的灰度级分布在[50,170]之间,像素值分布更均匀,明暗灰度区域分配更合理。为进一步分析,对信息熵、直方图均衡度和全局对比度等客观指标进行比较,结果见表1。
由表1可知,经过自适应灰度拉伸后,信息熵提高了37.45%,直方图均衡度提高了28.57%,全局对比度提高了237.54%,证明灰度图像中磷矿巷道的细节信息得到更充分的利用。经自适应灰拉伸后的图像不仅明暗区域更均衡,不同区域的亮度差异和对比度也更显著。
为解决无关高温体介入影响红外图像中有效红外辐射特征信息的问题,提出了温宽调整算法,不同于传统动态映射算法,该算法是一种对风险区域已知温度区间进行可视化的算法。对于超出设定范围的无关高温体设定显示为白色,公式如下:
式中:K为需要映射的灰度级总数;Tmax为温宽上限;Tmin为温宽下限;C为传感器灵敏度。K的计算向上取整,保证不会有漏掉的灰度级。
单个区域可分配到的温度值n′的计算公式见式(7),计算结果向上取整,保证不会有漏掉的温度值。
单个区域内相邻温度值映射的步长N′的取值见式(8),计算结果向下取整,保证数值不会溢出。
最后将灰度图像的灰度级放入颜色变换器中,其实质是函数的变换[19],并使用固定某种伪彩级或灰度级步长的非线性方法来变换伪彩色区间,得到新的颜色值,变换函数为:
式中:R、G、B为变换后的伪彩色数值,范围为0~255;x为初始数值;k=255/4。
将RGB分量的伪彩色数值重新分布在0~255范围内,变换函数为:
式中,R′、G′、B′为最终得到的伪彩色数值。
基于传统动态映射算法和基于温宽调整的非线性映射算法的红外图像对比如图10所示。
由图10可知,基于动态映射算法的红外图像受到无关高温体介入的影响,改变了被检测岩体红外图像的颜色,有效的红外辐射特征信息被弱化。而基于温宽调整非线性映射算法的红外图像则基本没有受到影响,无关高温体显示为白色,可以明显分辨出小范围的红外辐射特征差异,很好地保留了有效红外辐射特征信息,增强了在实际磷矿巷道中岩爆风险可视化检测的视觉效果和准确性。
为验证红外图像增强后的DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪可以更准确地进行岩爆风险可视化检测,设计磷矿巷道现场检测试验,对磷矿巷道中地压较高、应力集中的某风险区域,进行红外图像增强前后各1次的岩爆风险可视化检测并进行对比,可见光图和对比结果如图11所示。
通过可见光图像发现该巷道壁面有较多的节理裂隙,并且现场监测到有岩石碎裂的响声以及小块岩体的崩落。通过红外图像发现该区域出现了明显的红外辐射特征,其原因是该区域处在矿柱上端与顶帮的连接处,受到的顶帮压力较大,导致出现应力集中。询问现场安全人员得知,该区域经常发生岩爆。经过红外图像增强后,原本不清晰的岩石节理显著突出,更容易区分检测的位置和风险区域,并且整体亮度分布得到平衡,原本模糊的边缘和细节更加锐利,上端与顶帮连接处的两个圆斑状红外辐射特征轮廓更清晰。将红外图像增强前后的彩色直方图进行对比,如图12所示。由图12可知,岩爆风险可视化检测在红外图像增强前,像素数量主要集中在绿色通道,红色、蓝色通道的像素数量较少(颜色标识见电子版);经过红外图像增强后,扩展了红色通道和蓝色通道的亮度范围,绿色通道的亮度分布更均匀,风险区域与安全区域红外辐射特征的红、蓝色对比更明显。为进一步分析,对信息熵、彩色直方图均衡度和全局对比度等客观指标进行了对比,结果见表2。
由表2可知,红外图像增强后的信息熵提高了32.88%,彩色直方图均衡度提高了22.06%,全局对比度提高了94.15%。这表明岩爆风险可视化检测获得了更丰富的信息,颜色分布更均匀,不同颜色通道的亮度范围更平衡,亮度差异显著,对比度高,可以更清晰准确地检测到磷矿巷道中力热耦合导致的红外辐射特征。
本次现场试验地点位于磷矿巷道的开采面,针对开采面附近围岩体在开采前1 d、爆破后24 h和完全爆破后24 h的裂隙发育过程、应力集中程度变化进行岩爆风险可视化检测,3 d岩爆风险可视化检测结果如图13所示。
由图13(a)可知,红外辐射特征呈均匀分布,其原因是此时尚未开采,围岩处于应力稳定状态,无应力集中的区域,但是先前难以分辨的围岩粗糙节理经过红外图像增强后清晰可见。由图13(b)可知,围岩顶部区域的红外辐射特征明显,其原因是工作面受爆破扰动影响,原来处于三向受力状态的围岩因新的临空面而发生单向或双向卸载,导致应力重新分布[20],围岩顶部产生了裂隙和中等应力集中区域。通过红外图像增强后的岩爆风险可视化检测发现,图像中不仅引入了更丰富的彩色信息,不同区域之间的色彩对比度也更显著。由图13(c)可知,侧面矿柱和围岩顶部出现更明显的红外辐射特征,其原因是开采面完全爆破,导致内部产生更多裂隙,裂隙的存在使应力比前1 d更加集中,产生高应力集中区域,风险区域与安全区域的颜色亮度对比也更明显。
通过以上结果发现因应力变化导致的红外辐射特征在磷矿巷道开采前后十分明显,且图像中强烈的亮度对比与岩体的应力集中程度也存在联系。对3 d内图像的各亮度指标和亮度直方图进一步分析,结果如表3和图14所示。
由表3和图14可知,随着磷矿巷道的开采,应力集中程度逐渐增加,可分为稳定、中等应力集中和高应力集中,围岩从第1天稳定到第3天高应力集中的图像信息熵提高了26.55%,亮度均值提高了25.08%,亮度直方图均衡度提高了8.36%,全局对比度提高了234.38%,亮度直方图的范围从[30,100]扩展到[5,190]。这表明随着开采的进行,应力逐渐集中,风险区域和安全区域的红外辐射特征具有更多明亮和暗淡的对比,亮度值分布更广泛,亮度变化更大。
现场应用证明了使用红外图像增强后的DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪不仅能清晰准确地检测到围岩的细节和高对比度的红外辐射特征,还能通过安全区域与危险区域的亮度对比,半定量地反映磷矿巷道内的应力集中程度。
(1)通过实验室铝金属力热耦合试验发现,6061铝试件人工缺陷的横向长轴长度从12 mm增加至20 mm时,红外辐射温度上升了1.15 ℃,而缺陷的深度从6 mm增加至18 mm时,红外辐射温度仅上升了0.45 ℃。这种红外辐射温度变化可以通过MicroIIIS系列640型红外热像仪可视化。人工缺陷的横向长轴长度变化对试件红外辐射温升的影响比缺陷的深度更为显著,进一步强调了应力增大在力热耦合温度升高中的核心作用。
(2)红外热像仪测温范围广以及实际磷矿巷道内温差低,导致其岩爆风险可视化检测存在图像模糊和无关高温体介入影响红外图像中有效红外辐射特征信息的问题,通过自适应灰度拉伸法对原始灰度图像进行增强,使信息熵提高了37.45%,直方图均衡度提高了28.57%,全局对比度提高了237.54%。使用基于温宽调整的非线性映射伪彩色变换,可以解决无关高温体影响的问题,提高了岩爆风险可视化的准确性。
(3)DMYB-03手持式岩爆检测仪在红外图像增强后,磷矿巷道现场内的岩爆风险可视化检测图像的信息熵提高了32.88%,彩色直方图均衡度提高了22.06%,全局对比度提高了94.15%,可视化效果显著提升。
(4)随着磷矿巷道开采面从第1天到第3天的开采,应力集中程度逐渐增加,可分为稳定、中等应力集中和高应力集中,高应力集中的图像信息熵比应力稳定的图像信息熵提高了26.55%,亮度均值提高了25.08%,亮度直方图均衡度提高了8.36%,全局对比度提高了243.38%,证明通过不同区域的亮度对比,可以半定量地反映岩体的应力集中程度。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52174085)
  • 湖北省安全生产专项资金科技项目(SJZX20220910)
  • 国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心开放基金项目(NECP2022-08)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-05
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52174085)
湖北省安全生产专项资金科技项目(SJZX20220910)
国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心开放基金项目(NECP2022-08)
作者信息
    1.武汉工程大学 光电信息与能源工程学院,湖北 武汉 430205
    2.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖北 武汉 430074

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卢永雄(1976—),男,湖北通城人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事智慧感知方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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