Article(id=1322595048420660046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322595047657296718, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260832171, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260832171, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260832171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260832171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322595047657296718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260831989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260831989, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=245, endPage=252, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595048626180944, articleId=1322595048420660046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Promoting Effect of Ethyl Oleate on the Reverse Flotation Separation of Quartz from Fine Hematite, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to realize the efficient utilization of sodium oleate, which is a collector for iron ore flotation, the effect of ethyl oleate on the reverse flotation separation of quartz from fine hematite was investigated by carrying out quartz pure mineral flotation test, binary mixed mineral flotation test and actual mineral flotation closed-circuit test. The promoting effect mechanism of ethyl oleate on the flotation of quartz by sodium oleate was clarified by infrared spectroscopy, surface tension measurement and contact angle measurement. The results show that in the pure mineral flotation test, when the sodium oleate is 160 mg/L and the pulp pH is 11.0, the maximum recovery of quartz increases from 80.34% to 94.85% after adding 40 mg/L ethyl oleate. In the flotation test of binary mixed minerals of quartz and hematite, compared to the dosage of 160 mg/L sodium oleate, when the dosage of sodium oleate is 120 mg/L and the dosage of ethyl oleate is 40 mg/L, the grade of iron concentrate increases from 62.32% to 65.04%, and the recovery of iron concentrate increases from 89.64% to 93.86%. In the actual mineral flotation closed-circuit test, compared with the flotation index under the single sodium oleate system, the grade and recovery of iron concentrate increase by 3.01 percentage points and 3.52 percentage points respectively after adding ethyl oleate. The promotion effect mechanism of ethyl oleate on the flotation of quartz by sodium oleate is that ethyl oleate and sodium oleate are combined by hydrogen bond, which enhances the adsorption strength of sodium oleate on the surface of quartz, strengthens the adsorption stability of the reagent, and improves the hydrophobicity and floatability of the quartz surface.

, authors=Shuang YI, Yechao ZHENG, Tonglin ZHAO, authorsList=Shuang YI, Yechao ZHENG, Tonglin ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tonglin ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595052472357733, articleId=1322595048420660046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=油酸乙酯对微细赤铁矿反浮选分离石英的促进作用研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现铁矿石浮选捕收剂油酸钠的高效利用,通过开展石英纯矿物浮选试验、二元混合矿物浮选试验和实际矿物浮选闭路试验,探究油酸乙酯对微细赤铁矿反浮选分离石英的影响;通过红外光谱分析、表面张力测定、接触角测量等方法,明晰油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选石英的促进作用机理。结果表明:在纯矿物浮选试验中,当油酸钠为160 mg/L、矿浆pH为11.0时,添加40 mg/L油酸乙酯后,石英的最大回收率从原来的80.34%增至94.85%;在石英、赤铁矿二元混合矿物浮选试验中,相较于油酸钠用量为160 mg/L,油酸钠用量为120 mg/L、油酸乙酯用量为40 mg/L时,铁精矿品位由62.32%提高至65.04%,铁精矿回收率由89.64%增加至93.86%。在实际矿物浮选闭路试验中,与单一油酸钠体系下的浮选指标相比,添加油酸乙酯后,铁精矿的品位和回收率分别提高了3.01个百分点和3.52个百分点。油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选石英的促进作用机理为油酸乙酯与油酸钠通过氢键缔合,增强了油酸钠在石英表面的吸附强度,提高了药剂的吸附稳定性,改善了石英表面疏水性和可浮性。

, authors=依爽, 郑业超, 赵通林, authorsList=依爽, 郑业超, 赵通林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵通林, authorNote=

依爽(2000—),女,吉林长春人,硕士研究生,研究方向为浮选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

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赵通林(1970—),男,黑龙江兰西人,硕士,教授,研究方向为细颗粒分选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:
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Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2016, 37(11):1555-1562., articleTitle=Effect of cationic and zwitterionic surfactants on contact angle of quartz-water-crude oil system, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595784231600224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, awardId=LJKQZ20222340, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(LJKQZ20222340), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595778388934695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595778397323304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, companyId=1322595778388934695, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China), 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articleId=1322595048420660046, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of sodium oleate, ethyl oleate and their combination on contact angle of quartz, figureFileSmall=xB9bKlEXUPk3/2W+uFjd5A==, figureFileBig=d/iT6HE1LwhOlnQYW8x8IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595783430488151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=CN, label=图10, caption=油酸钠、油酸乙酯及二者组合对石英接触角的影响, figureFileSmall=xB9bKlEXUPk3/2W+uFjd5A==, figureFileBig=d/iT6HE1LwhOlnQYW8x8IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595783514374232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis results of pure mineral chemical composition of quartz

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2Al2O3MgOCaOFe2O3K2O
98.370.4860.4460.3370.3160.045
), ArticleFig(id=1322595783594066009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

石英纯矿物化学成分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2Al2O3MgOCaOFe2O3K2O
98.370.4860.4460.3370.3160.045
), ArticleFig(id=1322595783665369178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis results of pure mineral chemical composition of hematite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2FeOCaOAl2O3MgO
68.242.320.140.250.040.03
), ArticleFig(id=1322595783732478043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

赤铁矿纯矿物化学成分分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2FeOCaOAl2O3MgO
68.242.320.140.250.040.03
), ArticleFig(id=1322595783833141340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Chemical multi-element analysis results of flotation feed samples in concentrator of Guanbaoshan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeSiO2MgOCaOAl2O3
52.3718.365.014.021.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322595783908638813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

关宝山选矿厂浮选给矿样品化学多元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeSiO2MgOCaOAl2O3
52.3718.365.014.021.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322595783988330590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of flotation closed-circuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂产品名称产率/%铁品位/%回收率/%
油酸钠铁精矿69.6463.8285.18
尾矿30.3625.4614.82
给矿100.0052.17100.00
油酸钠+油酸乙酯铁精矿69.2466.8388.70
尾矿30.7619.1611.30
给矿100.0052.17100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322595784072216671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595048420660046, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

浮选闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂产品名称产率/%铁品位/%回收率/%
油酸钠铁精矿69.6463.8285.18
尾矿30.3625.4614.82
给矿100.0052.17100.00
油酸钠+油酸乙酯铁精矿69.2466.8388.70
尾矿30.7619.1611.30
给矿100.0052.17100.00
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油酸乙酯对微细赤铁矿反浮选分离石英的促进作用研究
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依爽 , 郑业超 , 赵通林
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(3): 245-252
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (3) : 245 -252
油酸乙酯对微细赤铁矿反浮选分离石英的促进作用研究
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依爽 , 郑业超, 赵通林
作者信息
  • 辽宁科技大学 矿业工程学院,辽宁 鞍山市 114051
通讯作者:
赵通林(1970—),男,黑龙江兰西人,硕士,教授,研究方向为细颗粒分选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:
作者简介:

依爽(2000—),女,吉林长春人,硕士研究生,研究方向为浮选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:

Study on the Promoting Effect of Ethyl Oleate on the Reverse Flotation Separation of Quartz from Fine Hematite
Shuang YI , Yechao ZHENG, Tonglin ZHAO
Affiliations
  • School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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为实现铁矿石浮选捕收剂油酸钠的高效利用,通过开展石英纯矿物浮选试验、二元混合矿物浮选试验和实际矿物浮选闭路试验,探究油酸乙酯对微细赤铁矿反浮选分离石英的影响;通过红外光谱分析、表面张力测定、接触角测量等方法,明晰油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选石英的促进作用机理。结果表明:在纯矿物浮选试验中,当油酸钠为160 mg/L、矿浆pH为11.0时,添加40 mg/L油酸乙酯后,石英的最大回收率从原来的80.34%增至94.85%;在石英、赤铁矿二元混合矿物浮选试验中,相较于油酸钠用量为160 mg/L,油酸钠用量为120 mg/L、油酸乙酯用量为40 mg/L时,铁精矿品位由62.32%提高至65.04%,铁精矿回收率由89.64%增加至93.86%。在实际矿物浮选闭路试验中,与单一油酸钠体系下的浮选指标相比,添加油酸乙酯后,铁精矿的品位和回收率分别提高了3.01个百分点和3.52个百分点。油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选石英的促进作用机理为油酸乙酯与油酸钠通过氢键缔合,增强了油酸钠在石英表面的吸附强度,提高了药剂的吸附稳定性,改善了石英表面疏水性和可浮性。

油酸钠  /  油酸乙酯  /  反浮选  /  石英  /  微细赤铁矿

In order to realize the efficient utilization of sodium oleate, which is a collector for iron ore flotation, the effect of ethyl oleate on the reverse flotation separation of quartz from fine hematite was investigated by carrying out quartz pure mineral flotation test, binary mixed mineral flotation test and actual mineral flotation closed-circuit test. The promoting effect mechanism of ethyl oleate on the flotation of quartz by sodium oleate was clarified by infrared spectroscopy, surface tension measurement and contact angle measurement. The results show that in the pure mineral flotation test, when the sodium oleate is 160 mg/L and the pulp pH is 11.0, the maximum recovery of quartz increases from 80.34% to 94.85% after adding 40 mg/L ethyl oleate. In the flotation test of binary mixed minerals of quartz and hematite, compared to the dosage of 160 mg/L sodium oleate, when the dosage of sodium oleate is 120 mg/L and the dosage of ethyl oleate is 40 mg/L, the grade of iron concentrate increases from 62.32% to 65.04%, and the recovery of iron concentrate increases from 89.64% to 93.86%. In the actual mineral flotation closed-circuit test, compared with the flotation index under the single sodium oleate system, the grade and recovery of iron concentrate increase by 3.01 percentage points and 3.52 percentage points respectively after adding ethyl oleate. The promotion effect mechanism of ethyl oleate on the flotation of quartz by sodium oleate is that ethyl oleate and sodium oleate are combined by hydrogen bond, which enhances the adsorption strength of sodium oleate on the surface of quartz, strengthens the adsorption stability of the reagent, and improves the hydrophobicity and floatability of the quartz surface.

Sodium oleate  /  Ethyl oleate  /  Reverse flotation  /  Quartz  /  Fine hematite
依爽, 郑业超, 赵通林. 油酸乙酯对微细赤铁矿反浮选分离石英的促进作用研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (3) : 245 -252 .
Shuang YI, Yechao ZHENG, Tonglin ZHAO. Study on the Promoting Effect of Ethyl Oleate on the Reverse Flotation Separation of Quartz from Fine Hematite[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (3) : 245 -252 .
钢铁材料在国家安全和国民经济领域占据重要地位,然而随着铁矿资源的持续开采,矿石开采品位逐渐降低,矿物嵌布粒度越来越细[1],同时矿物组成复杂共生和伴生组分较多[2],这导致分选困难的问题日益严重,合理开发利用铁矿石资源已然成为一个迫在眉睫的课题[3]。石英是铁矿石中常见的脉石矿物[4],因而“提铁降硅”对铁矿石的浮选至关重要。实践证明反浮选技术是获得高质量铁精矿的有效手段之一[5];捕收剂在浮选中起到关键的作用,其中脂肪酸及其改性类捕收剂是铁矿石捕收剂中最重要的种类[6],具有捕收能力强、药剂成本低、绿色无毒等优点[7];但脂肪酸类捕收剂存在碳链较长、水溶性差、低温或常温条件下易沉淀析出、选择性较差、药剂用量高等缺陷[8],严重阻碍铁矿石阴离子反浮选工艺的发展。
目前,一般采用组合用药和捕收剂极性基改性两种措施来提高捕收剂的浮选性能,增大目标矿物与脉石矿物间浮游差。组合用药能够加强不同分子结构及官能团作用,发挥药剂的协同效应[9-10]。通过对脂肪酸类药剂极性基进行改性,研制出卤代脂肪酸[11-12]、磺化脂肪酸[13]、酰胺基脂肪酸[14]、羧基脂肪酸、羟基脂肪酸等脂肪酸类衍生物,改善了药剂的分散性及选择性,降低了药剂对温度的敏感性,同时两个极性基间的协同作用也更有利于捕收剂分子以螯合的方式吸附在矿物表面上,有效提高了药剂的选别效果[15]。
油酸乙酯是一种典型的非离子型表面活性剂,来源广泛,价格较为低廉。相关研究表明,当非离子型表面活性剂与捕收剂组合进行浮选时,它们可以共同吸附在矿物表面上,从而形成协同效应,提高捕收剂的吸附效率[16]。本文在以油酸钠为捕收剂的脱硅浮选体系中,探究油酸乙酯增强石英的脱除机制,并验证油酸乙酯在赤铁矿反浮选中的脱硅作用,以期为提高铁矿石综合利用效率提供新的思路。
试验所用石英取自大连庄河石英砂厂,块状石英经手选、粗碎、磨矿和水筛处理后,获得0.074~0.037 μm粒级产品,烘干后作为石英纯矿物矿样。试验所用赤铁矿取自鞍钢调军台选矿厂,块状赤铁矿经颚式破碎机、湿式球磨机碎磨后摇床分选得到铁精矿,最后通过水筛获得0.074~0.037 μm粒级产品,烘干后作为赤铁矿纯矿物矿样。表1、表2分别为石英和赤铁矿纯矿物的化学成分分析结果。石英和赤铁矿纯矿物XRD分析结果如图1所示。
由表1可知,石英纯矿物样品中SiO2含量为98.37%,样品中含有少量Al、Mg及其他微量元素,因此石英样品可视为纯矿物,满足试验要求。由表2可知,赤铁矿中TFe含量为68.24%,样品中含有少量Si及其他微量元素,杂质含量较少,因而赤铁矿样品可视为纯矿物。
试验所用矿石为关宝山铁矿,具有矿物组成复杂、嵌布粒度细、分选难度大等特点。关宝山选矿厂浮选给矿样品经自然阴干后进行混匀缩分取样,其化学多元素分析结果见表3。由表3可知,浮选给矿中Fe含量为52.37%,脉石矿物以含硅矿物为主,SiO2含量为18.36%;其次为含钙及含镁矿物,MgO、CaO含量分别为5.01%、4.02%。关宝山选矿厂浮选给矿样品XRD分析结果如图2所示。由图2可知,浮选给矿样品中铁矿物主要为磁铁矿、赤铁矿和菱铁矿,脉石矿物主要为石英。
纯矿物与二元混合矿浮选试验均在XFG-Ⅱ型挂槽式浮选机上进行,称取2.00 g纯矿物加入50.00 mL去离子水混合置于浮选槽中,调节矿浆搅拌转速为1 600 r/min,依次添加pH调整剂、油酸钠和油酸乙酯,每种药剂添加后搅拌3 min,浮选刮泡6 min。实际矿物浮选试验在RK/FD Ⅲ型1 L单槽浮选机中进行,采用“一粗一精三扫”的浮选流程进行闭路试验,各中矿循序返回;调节矿浆搅拌转速为2 240 r/min,依次添加pH调整剂、抑制剂、油酸钠和油酸乙酯,每种药剂添加后搅拌3 min,浮选刮泡8 min。浮选结束后将泡沫产品与槽内产品分别进行过滤、干燥、称重与化验分析,计算铁品位及浮选回收率。探究矿浆pH、抑制剂用量以及捕收剂用量对浮选指标的影响。
采用 VERTEX 70 v傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分别对石英、油酸钠和油酸乙酯进行红外光谱分析。检测时先采集纯KBr 样品作为背景,后取1 mg制备好的矿样与100 mg纯 KBr放入玛瑙研钵内研磨混匀后压片制样,置于傅里叶变换红外光谱仪进行测试,表征矿物与两种药剂作用后的吸收峰强度变化情况。
表面张力使用Sigma701型全自动表面张力仪进行铂金环法测定,设备试验误差在3%以内。试验时将装有待测矿浆的烧杯置于测量台上,将铂金环悬挂在起降架上,打开软件调节相应参数将铂金环浸入待测液体中,当铂金环与液面脱离接触时即可得到最大拉力值Fmax,并将其转换为液体表面张力值,试验中每个点重复测定3次,取平均值作为该条件的表面张力值。
取少量石英纯矿物分别与20 mg/L单一油酸钠和油酸钠 + 油酸乙酯混合溶液作用后取样,加入硼酸后采用YYJ-40型压样机进行矿样压片,使用JC2000C1接触角测量仪采用滴水法进行接触角测量,采用量高法测量得出接触角大小,最后每个试样检测3次,取平均值作为该试样的接触角。
矿浆pH对矿物表面电性及药剂作用效果具有至关重要的影响,试验采用HCl和NaOH调整矿浆pH。在油酸钠160 mg/L、油酸乙酯40 mg/L、氧化钙120 mg/L的条件下,考查了矿浆pH对石英脱除的影响,试验结果见图3。由图3可知,当仅用油酸乙酯作为捕收剂时,石英在整个试验pH范围内的回收率均低于20%,可浮性较差,这表明油酸乙酯对石英几乎没有捕收能力。当以160 mg/L油酸钠为捕收剂时,添加40 mg/L的油酸乙酯,矿浆pH为11.0时石英的最大回收率由原来的80.34%提升至94.85%,即油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选石英起到了一定的促进作用。
在矿浆pH为11.0、油酸钠为160 mg/L、氧化钙为120 mg/t的试验条件下,考查了油酸乙酯用量对石英脱除的影响,试验结果如图4所示。由图4可知,随着油酸乙酯的用量增加,石英的回收率先增加后趋于平稳,当油酸乙酯用量为40 mg/L时,石英的回收率最高,为94.79%。
在矿浆pH为11.0、氧化钙为120 mg/t的试验条件下,考查了捕收剂油酸钠用量对石英脱除的影响,试验结果如图5所示。由图5可知,添加油酸乙酯后,石英整体回收率均高于单一油酸钠体系下的石英回收率,在油酸钠用量为160 mg/L时,添加40 mg/L油酸乙酯,使得石英的最高回收率由原来的78.12%提升至94.82%,这表明添加油酸乙酯可以有效促进油酸钠浮选石英。由图5还可以看出,油酸乙酯可以显著降低油酸钠的用量。如当回收率为80%左右时,不添加油酸乙酯所需油酸钠的用量为180 mg/L,而当添加40 mg/L油酸乙酯时,所需油酸钠用量为100 mg/L,即添加油酸乙酯可以降低80 mg/L的油酸钠用量。
在纯矿物石英浮选试验的基础上,深入探究油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选分离石英和赤铁矿的二元混合矿物的影响。二元混合矿物按照石英:赤铁矿=1:3的质量比进行配矿(相当于铁品位为51.26%,与关宝山实际矿石给矿品位相近),充分混匀后用作二元混合矿物浮选试验给矿。二元混合矿物试验在油酸乙酯用量为40 mg/L的条件下进行,浮选试验结果如图6所示。
由图6可知,油酸钠和油酸乙酯组合体系下二元混合矿物的浮选指标均高于单一油酸钠体系下的浮选指标。相较于单一油酸钠用量为160 mg/L,当二元混合矿物的油酸钠用量为120 mg/L、油酸乙酯用量为40 mg/L时,铁精矿品位由62.32%提升至65.04%, 铁精矿回收率由89.64%提升至93.86%。这再次说明油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选分离二元混合矿物中的石英与赤铁矿具有促进作用。
在纯矿物浮选试验及实际矿物条件试验、开路试验的基础上进行“一粗一精三扫”的浮选闭路试验,各中矿循序返回,浮选闭路试验流程如图7所示,浮选试验结果见表4。
浮选闭路试验结果表明,在油酸钠体系下可获得铁精矿品位63.82%、回收率85.18%的浮选指标,油酸钠 + 油酸乙酯体系下铁精矿品位和回收率分别提升至66.83%、88.70%,铁精矿的品位和回收率分别提高了 3.01 个百分点和 3.52个百分点,这表明油酸乙酯在实际矿物浮选中同样对油酸钠浮选石英起到促进作用。
纯矿物石英及其与单一油酸钠、油酸钠与油酸乙酯组合药剂作用后的红外光谱如图8所示。在石英红外光谱图中,3 436.92 cm−1处为吸附水间O—H键特征吸收峰,说明石英样品中含有水分子;1 085.85 cm−1处为Si—O的非对称伸缩振动吸收峰,吸收带较宽且较强,为石英纯矿物的第一特征吸收峰[17];785.94 cm−1和684.59 cm−1处为石英Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动吸收峰[18];462.89 cm−1处为O-Si-O的弯曲振动吸收峰,即石英的第二特征吸收峰[19]。与纯矿物石英相比,单一油酸钠吸附后石英的第一特征吸收峰和第二特征吸收峰分别向低波数方向偏移了3.86 cm−1、高波数方向偏移了2.66 cm−1,偏移量较小,推测可能为静电吸附作用;Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动吸收峰分别向低波数方向偏移了4.82 cm−1、高波数方向偏移了5.88 cm−1,偏移量较大,推测可能为氢键作用。
与纯矿物石英相比,油酸钠与油酸乙酯组合药剂体系下石英的O—H键特征吸收峰向低波数方向偏移了5.78 cm−1,这表明油酸乙酯与油酸钠在石英表面发生氢键吸附作用,氢键效应能够减弱O—H键振动,降低O—H键的化学键能,从而使得O—H键特征吸收峰向低波数方向偏移。第一特征吸收峰和第二特征吸收峰分别偏移了0.21 cm−1、3.46 cm−1, 第二特征吸收峰的偏移量较大,这也表明油酸乙酯与油酸钠的组合药剂间存在氢键作用。Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动吸收峰分别向低波数方向偏移了6.85 cm−1、高波数方向偏移了6.66 cm−1, 但相较于单一油酸钠体系,石英偏移量稍有增加,加入油酸乙酯协同药剂能够增加 Si—O—Si 键能量,增强 Si—O—Si 键的振动,油酸钠与油酸乙酯组合药剂在石英表面的吸附更趋向于化学吸附,推测油酸乙酯与油酸钠通过氢键缔合,形成单分子或多分子层共吸附于石英表面,这表明添加油酸乙酯可以对油酸钠浮选石英起到促进作用。
在溶液中形成胶束和降低表面张力是捕收剂的两种重要性质,其中临界胶团浓度(CMC)是衡量药剂降低表面张力效率的重要指标之一,一般来说,CMC值越低,捕收剂的捕收性能越好[20]。本次试验分别测试单一油酸钠及油酸钠+油酸乙酯组合药剂对矿浆表面张力的影响,试验结果如图9所示。
由图9可知,微量添加两种捕收剂均能显著降低矿浆的表面张力,随着捕收剂用量的增加,矿浆表面张力均持续降低。单一油酸钠药剂体系下,捕收剂用量为309 mg/L时,矿浆表面张力达到最低值(23.52 mN/m),此后继续增大油酸钠用量不能降低矿浆的表面张力,可以得到25 ℃时油酸钠的临界胶团浓度为309 mg/L,最低表面张力(γCMC)为23.52 mN/m,这与文献[21]中报道的CMC值约为1.03×10−3mol/L(308 mg/L)接近。
油酸钠 + 油酸乙酯组合捕收剂的 CMC 值为124 mg/L,γCMC为22.64 mN/m, 其 CMC 值显著低于单一油酸钠的 CMC 值,这表明油酸钠 +油酸乙酯组合捕收剂形成胶团的能力更强,疏水性更好。同时表面张力直接影响浮选过程中气泡的形成及其稳定性,表面张力的降低有利于提高捕收剂溶解性和起泡性能[22]。从图9 还可以看出,油酸钠 + 油酸乙酯组合捕收剂在同一CMC 下的γCMC也低于单一油酸钠的γCMC, 这表明添加油酸乙酯后的捕收剂降低表面张力的能力更强,气泡稳定性更强,捕收效果更佳[23]。
图10为油酸钠、油酸乙酯及二者组合药剂对石英接触角的影响。试验测得纯矿物石英的接触角为21.26°,这表明石英在未吸附捕收剂前表面疏水性较差,这一结果与文献[24]研究一致。与油酸钠作用后石英表面接触角增大至57.36°,这表明油酸钠能较好地在石英表面发生吸附作用,提高石英表面疏水性,进而提高石英的可浮性。经单一油酸乙酯处理后的接触角为24.68°,纯矿物变化不大,再次印证了油酸乙酯在石英表面几乎不发生吸附作用。经油酸钠和油酸乙酯组合药剂处理后的石英接触角显著增大至91.24°,相较于单一油酸钠处理,接触角增大了33.88°,表明油酸乙酯可以促进油酸钠对石英的浮选作用。
(1)在油酸钠浮选石英纯矿物体系中,添加少量油酸乙酯能显著提高石英的浮选效果,使石英的最大回收率从80.34%增至94.85%。同时,油酸乙酯的加入还能显著降低油酸钠的药剂用量。在石英、赤铁矿二元混合矿物试验中,相较于单一油酸钠用量为160 mg/L,当油酸钠用量为120 mg/L、油酸乙酯用量为40 mg/L时,铁精矿品位由62.32%提高至65.04%,铁精矿回收率由89.64%增加至93.86%。这表明油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选分离石英与赤铁矿二元混合矿物具有促进作用。
(2)针对铁含量为52.37%的关宝山浮选给矿,开展了实际矿物浮选闭路试验。结果表明,与单一油酸钠体系下的浮选指标相比,添加油酸乙酯后,铁精矿品位和回收率分别提高了3.01个百分点和3.52个百分点,这表明油酸乙酯在实际矿物浮选中同样体现出对油酸钠浮选石英的促进作用。
(3)通过红外光谱分析、表面张力测定、接触角测量等方法探究了油酸乙酯对油酸钠浮选石英的促进作用机理。结果表明,油酸乙酯在石英表面几乎不发生化学吸附,但能与油酸钠通过氢键缔合,共吸附在石英表面,很大程度上提高了药剂的吸附稳定性,改善了石英表面疏水性,提高了石英的可浮性。
  • 辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(LJKQZ20222340)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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    辽宁科技大学 矿业工程学院,辽宁 鞍山市 114051

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赵通林(1970—),男,黑龙江兰西人,硕士,教授,研究方向为细颗粒分选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail:
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