Article(id=1322595026132120061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594813749350688, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711728000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260826856, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260826856, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260826856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260826856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594813749350688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260776220, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260776220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595026958397950, articleId=1322595026132120061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Stress-Structural Failure of Right Tunnel Section of Deep Mine Crushing Station, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To solve the problem of stress-structural failure that may be caused by the excavation of the right tunnel section of deep crushing station, the geological conditions of the tunnel face and the attitude information of the rock mass were collected by UAV, and the three-dimensional rock mass structure numerical calculation model of the right tunnel section of deep crushing station was constructed by combining the display discrete element numerical simulation software 3DEC. The deformation characteristics, failure mechanism and loss mode of deep rock mass under high stress conditions were explored, and the prevention measures were put forward. The results show that the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel section is controlled by the contact area of the red-brown granite stratum and the gray-black gray gneiss stratum and the in-situ stress field. The reason for the stress-structural failure of the tunnel section is that the excavation unloading of the crushing station leads to the formation of unfavorable blocks in the JSet #2 and JSet #3 joint groups and the excavation surface. Therefore, for the tunnel section with developed joints, the stress-structural failure disaster is a problem that needs special attention for the stability of surrounding rock after the excavation of the crushing station. It is suggested that the method of “optimizing excavation parameters + combined support form” should be adopted to systematically control the stress-structural damage after excavation unloading of crushing station from three levels of surface, shallow and deep layers.

, authors=Xiaoqiang XUE1, Zhenguo DUAN1, Lili ZHANG2, Sen MENG2, Sida ZHANG2, Jie XIN3, authorsList=Xiaoqiang XUE, Zhenguo DUAN, Lili ZHANG, Sen MENG, Sida ZHANG, Jie XIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie XIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595034474590739, articleId=1322595026132120061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段应力-结构性破坏研究, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决深部破碎站右侧硐段开挖后可能引发的应力-结构性破坏问题,使用无人机采集了掌子面地质条件和岩体产状信息,结合显式离散元数值模拟软件3DEC构建了深部破碎站右侧硐段的三维岩体结构数值计算模型,探究深部岩体在高应力条件下的变形特征、破坏机制和失稳模式,并提出防治措施。研究结果表明,该硐段的围岩稳定性受到红褐色花岗岩地层和灰黑灰色片麻地层接触区以及地应力场的双重控制,导致硐段应力-结构性破坏的原因是破碎站开挖卸荷导致JSet #2与JSet #3节理组与开挖面易形成不利块体。因此,对于节理发育的硐段,应力-结构性破坏灾害是破碎站开挖后需要特别关注的围岩稳定性问题。建议采用“优化开挖参数+联合支护形式”的方法,从表层、浅层和深层3个层次系统地控制破碎站开挖卸荷后的应力-结构性破坏。

, authors=薛晓强1, 段振国1, 张立立2, 孟森2, 张思达2, 辛杰3, authorsList=薛晓强, 段振国, 张立立, 孟森, 张思达, 辛杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=辛杰, authorNote=

薛晓强(1984—),男,山西运城人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿管理及生产工作。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
辛杰(1995—),男,陕西富平人,博士,讲师,主要从事硐室稳定性等方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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薛晓强(1984—),男,山西运城人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿管理及生产工作。E-mail:

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薛晓强(1984—),男,山西运城人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿管理及生产工作。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595026132120061, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Summary of dominant structural planes developed in mixed rock strata of deep crushing station

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩组名称主要岩性岩体结构类型优势结构面组产状
JSet #1JSet #2JSet #3JSet #4JSet #5
混合岩带花岗岩、大理岩层状、层状-碎裂212°∠57°~63°220°∠67°~85°150°∠66°~85°70°∠15°~19°295°∠75°
), ArticleFig(id=1322595049762828893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595026132120061, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

深部破碎站混合岩地层发育的优势结构面汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩组名称主要岩性岩体结构类型优势结构面组产状
JSet #1JSet #2JSet #3JSet #4JSet #5
混合岩带花岗岩、大理岩层状、层状-碎裂212°∠57°~63°220°∠67°~85°150°∠66°~85°70°∠15°~19°295°∠75°
), ArticleFig(id=1322595049834132062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595026132120061, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Geometric parameters of joint group in the model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型组号产状面中心坐标节理间距/m节理分布区域
岩性分界面JSet #1212°∠63°(–1.0,7.0,2.0)—花岗岩-片麻岩交界
岩体结构面JSet #2329°∠77°(–0.72,7.55,3.26)0.41片麻岩
JSet #3181°∠69°(–0.09,7.32,4.07)0.48片麻岩
JSet #4271°∠66°(–0.71,7.46,2.55)1.34片麻岩
JSet #5190°∠19°(1.35,7.36,3.13)1.83片麻岩
), ArticleFig(id=1322595049901240927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595026132120061, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型中节理组几何参数

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类型组号产状面中心坐标节理间距/m节理分布区域
岩性分界面JSet #1212°∠63°(–1.0,7.0,2.0)—花岗岩-片麻岩交界
岩体结构面JSet #2329°∠77°(–0.72,7.55,3.26)0.41片麻岩
JSet #3181°∠69°(–0.09,7.32,4.07)0.48片麻岩
JSet #4271°∠66°(–0.71,7.46,2.55)1.34片麻岩
JSet #5190°∠19°(1.35,7.36,3.13)1.83片麻岩
), ArticleFig(id=1322595049976738400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595026132120061, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mechanical parameters of rock mass element

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岩性弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度/MPa剪胀角/(°)
花岗岩40.430.246.0733.575.100.00
片麻岩30.690.260.4131.790.8110.00
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模型岩体单元力学参数

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岩性弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度/MPa剪胀角/(°)
花岗岩40.430.246.0733.575.100.00
片麻岩30.690.260.4131.790.8110.00
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Mechanical parameters of model joint

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节理位置法向刚度/GPa切向刚度/GPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度/MPa剪胀角/(°)
花岗岩与片麻岩分界面10.0010.000.3030.000.6010.00
片麻岩10.0010.000.2030.000.6010.00
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模型节理力学参数

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节理位置法向刚度/GPa切向刚度/GPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度/MPa剪胀角/(°)
花岗岩与片麻岩分界面10.0010.000.3030.000.6010.00
片麻岩10.0010.000.2030.000.6010.00
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矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段应力-结构性破坏研究
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薛晓强 1 , 段振国 1 , 张立立 2 , 孟森 2 , 张思达 2 , 辛杰 3
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(2): 1-8
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (2) : 1 -8
矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段应力-结构性破坏研究
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薛晓强1 , 段振国1, 张立立2, 孟森2, 张思达2, 辛杰3
作者信息
  • 1.陕西煤业化工集团 陕西小保当矿业有限公司,陕西 榆林市 719302
  • 2.陕西天地地质有限责任公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 3.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
通讯作者:
辛杰(1995—),男,陕西富平人,博士,讲师,主要从事硐室稳定性等方面的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

薛晓强(1984—),男,山西运城人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿管理及生产工作。E-mail:

Study on Stress-Structural Failure of Right Tunnel Section of Deep Mine Crushing Station
Xiaoqiang XUE1 , Zhenguo DUAN1, Lili ZHANG2, Sen MENG2, Sida ZHANG2, Jie XIN3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shaanxi Xiaobaodang Mining Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Yulin, Shaanxi 719302, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Tiandi Geology Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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为解决深部破碎站右侧硐段开挖后可能引发的应力-结构性破坏问题,使用无人机采集了掌子面地质条件和岩体产状信息,结合显式离散元数值模拟软件3DEC构建了深部破碎站右侧硐段的三维岩体结构数值计算模型,探究深部岩体在高应力条件下的变形特征、破坏机制和失稳模式,并提出防治措施。研究结果表明,该硐段的围岩稳定性受到红褐色花岗岩地层和灰黑灰色片麻地层接触区以及地应力场的双重控制,导致硐段应力-结构性破坏的原因是破碎站开挖卸荷导致JSet #2与JSet #3节理组与开挖面易形成不利块体。因此,对于节理发育的硐段,应力-结构性破坏灾害是破碎站开挖后需要特别关注的围岩稳定性问题。建议采用“优化开挖参数+联合支护形式”的方法,从表层、浅层和深层3个层次系统地控制破碎站开挖卸荷后的应力-结构性破坏。

深部矿山  /  高地应力  /  应力-结构性破坏  /  三维重构  /  数值模拟  /  支护方法

To solve the problem of stress-structural failure that may be caused by the excavation of the right tunnel section of deep crushing station, the geological conditions of the tunnel face and the attitude information of the rock mass were collected by UAV, and the three-dimensional rock mass structure numerical calculation model of the right tunnel section of deep crushing station was constructed by combining the display discrete element numerical simulation software 3DEC. The deformation characteristics, failure mechanism and loss mode of deep rock mass under high stress conditions were explored, and the prevention measures were put forward. The results show that the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel section is controlled by the contact area of the red-brown granite stratum and the gray-black gray gneiss stratum and the in-situ stress field. The reason for the stress-structural failure of the tunnel section is that the excavation unloading of the crushing station leads to the formation of unfavorable blocks in the JSet #2 and JSet #3 joint groups and the excavation surface. Therefore, for the tunnel section with developed joints, the stress-structural failure disaster is a problem that needs special attention for the stability of surrounding rock after the excavation of the crushing station. It is suggested that the method of “optimizing excavation parameters + combined support form” should be adopted to systematically control the stress-structural damage after excavation unloading of crushing station from three levels of surface, shallow and deep layers.

Deep mine  /  High ground stress  /  Stress-structural failure  /  Three-dimensional reconstruction  /  Numerical simulation  /  Supporting method
薛晓强, 段振国, 张立立, 孟森, 张思达, 辛杰. 矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段应力-结构性破坏研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (2) : 1 -8 .
Xiaoqiang XUE, Zhenguo DUAN, Lili ZHANG, Sen MENG, Sida ZHANG, Jie XIN. Study on Stress-Structural Failure of Right Tunnel Section of Deep Mine Crushing Station[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (2) : 1 -8 .
巨大的人口规模和经济的高质量发展导致资源开采的需求不断上升。深部矿体蕴藏着丰富的资源,具有可观的开发价值,但开采需朝着绿色、高效和安全的方向发展[1-2]。然而,随着开采深度的增加,深部岩体面临着“三高一扰动”的挑战[3-4],这导致出现应力-结构性破坏问题,不仅影响了开采效率和安全性,也对地下工程结构和地表环境构成了威胁[5-7]。因此,研究深部破碎站右侧硐段的应力-结构性破坏现象及其破坏机制,可为矿山深部开采提供理论指导和技术支持。
应力-结构性破坏是深部岩体力学与开采理论中的重要问题,即岩体突发性、无前兆的失稳和坍塌等现象,是深部开采技术面临的重要难题之一[8-10]。目前,国内外学者对此已经进行了大量的理论分析、数值模拟、试验研究和现场监测等工作,并取得了一定的成果[11-19]。例如,江权等[11]研究了多个深部/高应力地下硐室群开挖卸荷后的破坏特征,提出了高应力下大型硬岩地下硐室群应力-结构性破坏处置方法的新理念及其基本原理、关键技术和实施流程。张建聪等[14]针对白鹤滩水电站左岸厂房硐群尾水连接管柱状节理玄武岩多处应力-结构性塌方工程难题,采用综合性的方法揭示了高地应力下柱状节理岩体应力-结构性塌方特征与机制,并提出了支护控制措施。LI等[19]根据岩体结构、裂隙类型、破坏面、能量释放等,将岩爆划分为6种基本地质力学类型,其中应力-结构性岩爆被认为是结构破坏,并使用突变模型进行分析。然而,目前对于深部开采引发的应力-结构性破坏问题仍存在3点研究不足:缺乏专门针对矿山或矿床条件下的深入分析和系统总结;缺乏考虑多种因素综合作用下的复杂情况和非线性效应;缺乏有针对性的防治措施和建议。此外,在目前已有文献中,并没有针对矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段深部开采导致的应力-结构性破坏问题进行系统、细致、全面的分析和讨论。
因此,为解决矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段开采引发的应力-结构性破坏问题,本文采用无人机采集掌子面地质条件与岩体产状信息,并结合应用3DEC离散元数值模拟软件构建了深部破碎站右侧硐段三维岩体结构与数值计算模型,探讨深部岩体在高应力条件下的变形特征、破坏机制和失稳模式。根据数值计算结果,提出了深部岩体应力-结构性破坏防治措施,从而为矿山深部开采提供理论指导和技术支持,并为其他类似条件下的深部开采提供参考。
金川矿区深部开采工程建立了一套完整的生产系统。在现有系统已经不能满足生产需求的前提下,新增了新开采水平、深部破碎站、胶带斜井、主斜坡道、分斜坡道、下盘措施斜坡道等工程,以满足生产能力需求。具体包括矿石提升与破碎系统、矿石运输系统、通风系统、充填系统等相关采矿工程设施。其中,深部破碎站是必不可少的工程,基础信息如图1所示。该破碎站位于新开采水平上,主要用于开采深部矿石。为了解决深部高地应力和破碎条件下的岩体稳定问题,采用了高强度、高刚度的锚杆锚索支护体系。
在深部破碎站的开挖过程中,发生应力-结构性破坏,破坏区域位于开口段,该硐段主要由陡倾的中薄层状花岗岩与片麻岩交替分布的地层组成。现场观察到了应力-结构型现象(见图2),在掌子面与顶拱右侧(面向掌子面方向)出现了块体松脱、结构面张开以及大块掉落等破坏现象。在现场调查中发现,新鲜的掌子面上有明显的岩性分界面。岩性分界面右侧为灰黑色的片麻岩(见图3(a)),主要分布在顶拱中部及右侧位置,占掌子面面积的三分之二以上,该片麻岩地层呈中厚层状/块状结构,岩石矿物主要是片状黑色云母,并穿插有细小的石英岩脉。分界面左下方是红褐色的中粒蚀变花岗岩(见图3(b)),目前掌子面揭露的位置主要集中在顶拱左侧区域。该岩石主要由钾长石和石英组成,呈中厚层状结构,质地紧密,层间结构面较少,节理使掌子面岩体形成扁平六面体状块体。根据现场调查揭示的岩体结构、围岩破坏以及支护系统破坏情况,可以为深部破碎站右侧未开挖硐段的施工提供有力支持,确保施工的安全性。
利用无人机技术和三维重构技术,获取了深部破碎站掌子面裸岩面的影像信息,并成功构建了高精度和高分辨率的深部主斜坡道的三维数字表面模型,如图4所示。在这个模型中,提取了岩体结构面(组)的产状和间距等重要几何信息,如图5所示。通过对掌子面岩体进行结构面产状统计和识别,共发现了5组优势结构面组,并将其详细列于表1。
具体的优势结构面组的参数如下。
(1)节理组JSet #1产状为212°∠57°~63°,是典型层间节理,如图5(b)中绿色节理组所示(颜色标识见电子版)。该组节理分布在花岗岩地层,节理组间距较大,介于25~35 cm之间,具有一定胶结强度,张开与闭合性质均有发育,其中张性节理面充填泥质和砂质碎屑,而闭合节理面则表现为断续节理。
(2)节理组JSet #2产状为220°∠67°~85°,是与掌子面呈反倾的结构面,间距25~55 cm。该组结构面(黄色)贯穿花岗岩与片麻岩地层,与节理组JSet #2、JSet #4、JSet #5相交,在掌子面切割出块体。此外,该节理组表面光滑,具有擦痕。
(3)节理组JSet #3产状为150°∠67°~85°,在图5所示的模型中仅识别出3条(粉色),间距20 cm 以上。它与掌子面呈顺倾状态,同时斜切层间节理组 JSet #3,在片麻岩地层中较为发育。
(4)节理组JSet #4(蓝靛色)产状为70°∠15°~19°,主要发育在片麻岩地层中,岩性接触带附近部分切入花岗岩地层,但很快尖灭。节理组间距变化较大,具有一定随机性,在图5中识别的间距为25~45 cm。
(5)节理组JSet #5(蓝色)产状为295°∠75°,主要发育在片麻岩地层中,在岩性接触带附近部分切入花岗岩地层,但很快尖灭。从图5可以看出,节理组间距变化较大,具有一定随机性,结构组呈闭合状,无充填。
3DEC离散元数值模拟软件可用于模拟非连续介质在静力或动力荷载作用下的响应,例如地下工程挖掘、边坡失稳、岩石地基工程和砌体结构受力等[20-21]。使用该软件将非连续介质划分为多个刚性或变形的块体,并通过接触模型描述块体之间的相互作用。接触模型可以考虑法向力和切向力、摩擦力和黏聚力等效应,同时也能考虑接触面的几何特征和材料特性。可以选择内置的材料模型或自定义的材料模型来描述块体内部的应力-应变关系。此外,3DEC软件采用显式时间积分法来解决运动方程,并利用迭代算法来更新接触状态和力[22-23]。
为了研究深部破碎站右侧硐段围岩应力-结构性破坏机制并确定关键控制因素,采用了显式离散元数值模拟软件3DEC构建了三维岩体数值计算模型来模拟右侧硐段的开挖过程,模型如图6所示,模型的尺寸(长×宽×高)为50.0 m×16 m×50.0 m。为了减少边界效应并提高计算效率,在模型隧硐周围对重点研究区域进行了划分,重点研究区域的尺寸为20.0 m×16 m×20.0 m,开挖断面尺寸见图6,仅在重点研究区域内划分了节理组。
根据深部矿山破碎站的地质条件,设置了适当的地应力和位移边界条件。根据《矿山深部破碎站工程区工程地质分析与围岩稳定性研究》和力学参数反演优化研究结果,确定了数值模型的地应力σx、σy和σz分别为42.16 MPa、25.00 MPa和15.52 MPa。为了使模拟结果与真实地应力环境接近,在模型边界上施加相应的位移约束,即限制了模型边界上单元的速度矢量,以确保在模拟过程中始终为0,从而使得模拟条件与现场实际情况一致。
根据对现场的调研以及岩体结构面的识别结果,结合了破碎站现场的岩性分界面和岩体结构面,对数值模型进行了相应的设置。结构面和岩性分界面的几何参数见表2,模型中的节理设置情况如图7所示。
模型中节理组的力学参数确定参考了《矿山深部破碎站工程区工程地质分析与围岩稳定性研究》,并进行了优化,以确保模拟结果与现场调研结果一致。综合上述研究,采用了摩尔-库伦本构模型来描述单元和节理的行为,并根据表3和表4提供的岩体力学参数和节理力学参数进行了设定。
图8为深部破碎站右侧硐段数值计算得出的模型块体位移矢量云图及位移。由图8可知,开挖深部破碎站右侧硐段后,左右边墙和底板分别向开挖临空面的Y正方向、Y负方向和Z正方向产生明显的位移。由图8(a)中右侧硐段横截面位移云图可以看出,左右边墙中上区域、巷道底板中部区域相对于其他区域有更大的位移量,并且较大位移的分布范围向内扩展至1.5~2.5 m深度。在这一范围内,较大位移发生的区域从巷道底板延伸至左右侧边墙,再延伸至顶拱区域。造成较大位移分布区域的原因是图7中节理组JSet #2和JSet #3与开挖临空面形成块体,导致块体发生了较大的位移,对该截面上的块体运动起主要控制作用。由图8(b)可知,掌子面上节理组切割而成的块体有向巷道临空面滑移垮落的迹象,主要集中于掌子面中间区域。此外,在巷道底板至左右侧边墙区域内的块体同样发生了滑移塌落现象。
深部破碎站右侧硐段周围的最大/最小主应力决定了巷道围岩破坏位置和深度,并且影响着块体的运移方式,图9为深部破碎站右侧硐段周围的最大/最小主应力分布云图。由图9(a)可知,由于巷道的开挖导致卸荷,在巷道左右边墙的3.0 m深度范围内的最大主应力为30~45 MPa,而巷道拱肩两侧的最大主应力为25~30 MPa。在顶拱与右边墙底部2.0 m深度左右的区域,出现了一定程度的应力集中,最大主应力为50~52 MPa。由图9(b)可知,巷道周围区域的最小主应力呈现较低的数值,分布深度可达到1.8 m。
围岩开挖损伤区的形成与开挖后围岩的应力重分布、岩体条件、支护形式密切相关。围岩开挖损伤区的分布和位移矢量图如图10所示。由图10可知,损伤区深度最深的位置主要集中在底板区域,最深处为2.8 m,顶拱附近的损伤区深度大多在1.2 m左右,左右边墙的损伤区深度在1.5 m左右。岩体的损伤主要表现为剪切破坏,并局部出现拉伸破坏,拉伸破坏区域主要分布在顶拱的右侧、右侧边墙的下部以及底板的左右侧区域。从图10(c)可以看出,块体位移较大的位置主要集中在巷道的右边墙和底板区域,硐室周围区域存在向巷道临空面收缩的情况。
在深部破碎站右侧硐段开挖过程中,优化支护参数有助于调控开挖过程中的应力分布,防止因局部应力集中引发岩体破裂与失稳,也可以显著降低工程成本,缩短施工周期,提升整体工程效率。为此,有必要从表层、浅层和深层3个层次上系统控制破碎站开挖卸荷后的应力-结构性破坏。
强化超前施工与锚固支护,超前施工是通过提前对开挖面前方一定距离进行预处理以改善围岩性质,优化开挖面的应力集中。结合地质勘查和数值模拟结果,确定超前施工的深度为5.0 m。配合使用高强锚杆支护,确定采用直径为22 mm、长度为3 000 mm的滚压制螺纹锚杆,锚杆间排距为0.9~0.95 m,可增强围岩的整体承载能力。加强表层钢拱架与喷层,钢拱架作为初期支护的主要承载结构,结合地质勘查和数值模拟结果,确定钢拱架采用U25型钢制作,拱架间距为1 m,拱架之间采用挂钩连接牢固并焊接。确定喷层强度要大于C20,与围岩的黏结力不低于0.5 MPa。严格限制边墙破坏,建议在边墙附近增设径向锚杆或预应力锚索,锚杆长度一般取边墙深度的0.7~1.0倍。同时,定期进行边墙位移监测,当位移速率超过预警值(如1~2 mm/d)时,应及时调整支护参数或采取补强措施。
本文研究了矿山深部破碎站右侧硐段开挖过程中应力-结构性破坏机制,探讨了导致该机制和破坏特征的主要原因和关键控制因素,主要研究结论和支护建议如下。
(1)深部破碎站右侧硐段的围岩稳定性受红褐色花岗岩地层与灰黑灰色片麻地层接触区和地应力场的双重控制,其应力-结构性破坏的诱因是破碎站开挖卸荷导致JSet #2与JSet #3节理组与开挖面最易形成不利块体。
(2)损伤区深度最深的位置主要集中在底板区域,最深处为2.8 m,顶拱附近的损伤区深度大多在1.2 m左右,左右边墙的损伤区深度在1.5 m左右。
(3)为确保深部破碎站右侧硐段开挖稳定性,建议采取“优化开挖参数 +联合支护形式”的措施,从表层、浅层和深层 3个层次上系统地控制破碎站开挖卸荷后的应力 -结构性破坏。具体的措施包括:强化超前施工 +锚固支护、加强表层钢拱架与喷层、严格限制边墙破坏等。结合地质勘查和数值模拟结果确定的高强锚杆支护参数为:采用直径为22 mm、长度为3 000 mm的滚压制螺纹锚杆,锚杆间排距0.9~0.95 m,可增强围岩的整体承载能力。研究成果可为类似条件下的深部开挖提供重要的理论指导和技术支持。
  • 陕西省煤田地质集团科技创新能力支撑项目(SMDZ-2023CX-18)
  • 陕煤地质集团重大专项项目(SMDZ-2022ZD-1)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2023-YBSF-544)
  • 陕煤联合基金项目(2021JLM-14)
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  • 接收时间:2024-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-30
基金
陕西省煤田地质集团科技创新能力支撑项目(SMDZ-2023CX-18)
陕煤地质集团重大专项项目(SMDZ-2022ZD-1)
陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2023-YBSF-544)
陕煤联合基金项目(2021JLM-14)
作者信息
    1.陕西煤业化工集团 陕西小保当矿业有限公司,陕西 榆林市 719302
    2.陕西天地地质有限责任公司,陕西 西安 710054
    3.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071

通讯作者:

辛杰(1995—),男,陕西富平人,博士,讲师,主要从事硐室稳定性等方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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