Article(id=1322595024295018608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594813749350688, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260826419, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260826419, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260826419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260826419, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594813749350688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260776220, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260776220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=73, endPage=82, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322595025557504113, articleId=1322595024295018608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Damage Evolution and Failure Characteristics of Cemented Tailings Backfill Under Cycle Temperature Curing, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Most of the backfill near the mining working face are in the environment of cycle temperature. In order to study the influence of cycle temperature on the damage evolution and failure characteristics of cemented tailings backfill, digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were used to conduct uniaxial compression tests on cemented tailings backfill after curing at six different cycle temperatures. The fracture process and acoustic emission behavior characteristics of cemented tailings backfill at different cycle temperatures were analyzed, and the damage model and constitutive equation of cemented tailings backfill at different cycle temperatures were established. The results show that with the increase of cycle temperature, the compressive strength, elastic modulus and peak strain of cemented tailings backfill increase first and then decrease, and all reach the maximum value when the cycle temperature is 25−40 ℃. With the increase of cycle temperature, the failure pattern of cemented tailings backfill changes from shear failure to tensile-shear composite failure, and then to tensile failure. The intensity of the acoustic emission ringing count signal in the initial compaction stage and the post-peak failure stage is different due to the different cycle temperature. The sudden change of the acoustic emission ringing count can be used as a precursor to the failure of the backfill. The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the theoretical calculation value of the constitutive model of the backfill parameters with the experimental measured value. The research results can provide reference for the design of backfill near the working face.

, authors=Puda HU1, Yanzhang LIU1, 2, Yusong FENG3, He ZHANG1, Jun ZHANG1, Tao YE1, authorsList=Puda HU, Yanzhang LIU, Yusong FENG, He ZHANG, Jun ZHANG, Tao YE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanzhang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322595038589206670, articleId=1322595024295018608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=循环温度养护尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

回采工作面附近的充填体大都处于循环温度的环境中。为了研究循环温度对尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征的影响,采用数字图像相关法(DIC)和声发射(AE)技术,对6种不同循环温度养护后的尾砂胶结充填体进行单轴压缩试验,分析了不同循环温度下的尾砂胶结充填体的破裂过程及声发射行为特征,并建立了不同循环温度下的尾砂胶结充填体的损伤模型及本构方程。研究结果表明:随循环温度的升高,尾砂胶结充填体的抗压强度、弹性模量及峰值应变均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且都在循环温度为25~40 ℃时达到最大值;随着循环温度的升高,尾砂胶结充填体的破坏形式由剪切破坏转变为拉伸-剪切复合破坏,再转变为拉伸破坏;初始压密阶段与峰后破坏阶段的声发射振铃计数信号强弱因循环温度的不同而存在差异,可将声发射振铃计数的突变作为充填体破坏的前兆;通过充填体参数的本构模型理论计算值与试验实测值的对比,验证了模型的可靠性。研究结果可为回采工作面附近充填体的设计提供参考。

, authors=胡谱达1, 刘艳章1, 2, 冯毓松3, 张贺1, 张军1, 叶涛1, authorsList=胡谱达, 刘艳章, 冯毓松, 张贺, 张军, 叶涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘艳章, authorNote=

胡谱达(1997—),男,江西上饶人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学。E-mail:

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刘艳章(1969—),男,湖北汉川人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学、矿山测试技术。E-mail:
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胡谱达(1997—),男,江西上饶人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学。E-mail:

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Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2019, 36(2):413-419., articleTitle=Research on mechanical properties and damage law of tantalum-niobium ore cemented tailings backfill, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322595049154658522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, awardId=42072300, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(42072300), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322595038807310479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322595038815699088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, companyId=1322595038807310479, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China), 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322595045564334275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Particle size distribution of unclassified tailings, figureFileSmall=wLl/PN8ua6C2UC4O13g36g==, figureFileBig=4q1XYwPA44XCfRGJQmjtrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595045669191876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=CN, label=图1, caption=全尾砂粒度分布, figureFileSmall=wLl/PN8ua6C2UC4O13g36g==, figureFileBig=4q1XYwPA44XCfRGJQmjtrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595047447576774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Stress-strain curves of backfill, figureFileSmall=XTuFR5ZgvP/yBvKZsQrdLQ==, figureFileBig=HK9TwlmMUYHBqObnZ5VEqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595047527268551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=CN, label=图2, caption=充填体应力-应变曲线, figureFileSmall=XTuFR5ZgvP/yBvKZsQrdLQ==, figureFileBig=HK9TwlmMUYHBqObnZ5VEqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595047615348936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The changes of compressive strength, elastic modulus and peak strain with cycle temperature, figureFileSmall=RcfC/LUrmJCJ2RqUHHxhHQ==, figureFileBig=3cpih3fjU7GBmfg0lz3gGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595047707623625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=CN, label=图3, caption=抗压强度、弹性模量和峰值应变随循环温度的变化, figureFileSmall=RcfC/LUrmJCJ2RqUHHxhHQ==, figureFileBig=3cpih3fjU7GBmfg0lz3gGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595047799898314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The changes of wave 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ArticleFig(id=1322595048676507860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The theoretical and experimental stress-strain curves and the damage variable curves of backfill, figureFileSmall=hGvRAJYoiwwTasVqJTPMkg==, figureFileBig=KZ3zXzDCZ5J8HTqhIR53lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595048768782549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=CN, label=图9, caption=充填体的应力-应变理论曲线与试验曲线及损伤变量曲线, figureFileSmall=hGvRAJYoiwwTasVqJTPMkg==, figureFileBig=KZ3zXzDCZ5J8HTqhIR53lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322595048840085718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical components of unclassified tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2CaOFeAl2O3SKCu
39.4312.916.901.911.870.470.07
), ArticleFig(id=1322595048907194583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

全尾砂主要化学组成部分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2CaOFeAl2O3SKCu
39.4312.916.901.911.870.470.07
), ArticleFig(id=1322595048978497752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Damage constitutive equations of backfill specimens affected by different cycle temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
循环温度/℃峰值应力/MPa峰值应变弹性模量/MPaλ1/λ损伤本构方程
25~253.3240.015 1315.252.764 10.361 8σ=315.25ε{exp[–0.361 8(ε/0.015 1)2.764 1]}
25~303.6520.015 4338.742.790 30.358 4σ=338.74ε{exp[–0.358 4(ε/0.015 4)2.790 3]}
25~354.5550.016 4451.012.070 60.483 0σ=451.01ε{exp[–0.483 0(ε/0.016 4)2.070 6]}
25~404.7470.016 9573.381.399 40.714 6σ=573.38ε{exp[–0.714 6(ε/0.016 9)1.399 4]}
25~454.4560.016 1433.492.219 50.450 5σ=433.49ε{exp[–0.450 5(ε/0.016 1)2.219 5]}
25~504.1400.015 7416.672.182 40.458 2σ=416.67ε{exp[–0.458 2(ε/0.015 7)2.182 4]}
), ArticleFig(id=1322595049062383833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322595024295018608, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同循环温度下的充填体损伤本构方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
循环温度/℃峰值应力/MPa峰值应变弹性模量/MPaλ1/λ损伤本构方程
25~253.3240.015 1315.252.764 10.361 8σ=315.25ε{exp[–0.361 8(ε/0.015 1)2.764 1]}
25~303.6520.015 4338.742.790 30.358 4σ=338.74ε{exp[–0.358 4(ε/0.015 4)2.790 3]}
25~354.5550.016 4451.012.070 60.483 0σ=451.01ε{exp[–0.483 0(ε/0.016 4)2.070 6]}
25~404.7470.016 9573.381.399 40.714 6σ=573.38ε{exp[–0.714 6(ε/0.016 9)1.399 4]}
25~454.4560.016 1433.492.219 50.450 5σ=433.49ε{exp[–0.450 5(ε/0.016 1)2.219 5]}
25~504.1400.015 7416.672.182 40.458 2σ=416.67ε{exp[–0.458 2(ε/0.015 7)2.182 4]}
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循环温度养护尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征研究
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胡谱达 1 , 刘艳章 1, 2 , 冯毓松 3 , 张贺 1 , 张军 1 , 叶涛 1
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(2): 73-82
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (2) : 73 -82
循环温度养护尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征研究
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胡谱达1 , 刘艳章1, 2 , 冯毓松3, 张贺1, 张军1, 叶涛1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 2.冶金矿产资源高效利用与造块湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 3.安徽金牛矿业有限公司,安徽 合肥 231500
通讯作者:
刘艳章(1969—),男,湖北汉川人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学、矿山测试技术。E-mail:
作者简介:

胡谱达(1997—),男,江西上饶人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学。E-mail:

Study on Damage Evolution and Failure Characteristics of Cemented Tailings Backfill Under Cycle Temperature Curing
Puda HU1 , Yanzhang LIU1, 2 , Yusong FENG3, He ZHANG1, Jun ZHANG1, Tao YE1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
  • 2.Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
  • 3.Anhui Jinniu Mining Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 231500, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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回采工作面附近的充填体大都处于循环温度的环境中。为了研究循环温度对尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征的影响,采用数字图像相关法(DIC)和声发射(AE)技术,对6种不同循环温度养护后的尾砂胶结充填体进行单轴压缩试验,分析了不同循环温度下的尾砂胶结充填体的破裂过程及声发射行为特征,并建立了不同循环温度下的尾砂胶结充填体的损伤模型及本构方程。研究结果表明:随循环温度的升高,尾砂胶结充填体的抗压强度、弹性模量及峰值应变均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且都在循环温度为25~40 ℃时达到最大值;随着循环温度的升高,尾砂胶结充填体的破坏形式由剪切破坏转变为拉伸-剪切复合破坏,再转变为拉伸破坏;初始压密阶段与峰后破坏阶段的声发射振铃计数信号强弱因循环温度的不同而存在差异,可将声发射振铃计数的突变作为充填体破坏的前兆;通过充填体参数的本构模型理论计算值与试验实测值的对比,验证了模型的可靠性。研究结果可为回采工作面附近充填体的设计提供参考。

尾砂胶结充填体  /  循环温度  /  数字图像相关法  /  破坏形式  /  声发射  /  损伤模型

Most of the backfill near the mining working face are in the environment of cycle temperature. In order to study the influence of cycle temperature on the damage evolution and failure characteristics of cemented tailings backfill, digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were used to conduct uniaxial compression tests on cemented tailings backfill after curing at six different cycle temperatures. The fracture process and acoustic emission behavior characteristics of cemented tailings backfill at different cycle temperatures were analyzed, and the damage model and constitutive equation of cemented tailings backfill at different cycle temperatures were established. The results show that with the increase of cycle temperature, the compressive strength, elastic modulus and peak strain of cemented tailings backfill increase first and then decrease, and all reach the maximum value when the cycle temperature is 25−40 ℃. With the increase of cycle temperature, the failure pattern of cemented tailings backfill changes from shear failure to tensile-shear composite failure, and then to tensile failure. The intensity of the acoustic emission ringing count signal in the initial compaction stage and the post-peak failure stage is different due to the different cycle temperature. The sudden change of the acoustic emission ringing count can be used as a precursor to the failure of the backfill. The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the theoretical calculation value of the constitutive model of the backfill parameters with the experimental measured value. The research results can provide reference for the design of backfill near the working face.

Cemented tailings backfill  /  Cycle temperature  /  Digital image correlation  /  Failure pattern  /  Acoustic emission  /  Damage model
胡谱达, 刘艳章, 冯毓松, 张贺, 张军, 叶涛. 循环温度养护尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (2) : 73 -82 .
Puda HU, Yanzhang LIU, Yusong FENG, He ZHANG, Jun ZHANG, Tao YE. Study on Damage Evolution and Failure Characteristics of Cemented Tailings Backfill Under Cycle Temperature Curing[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (2) : 73 -82 .
尾砂充填开采是降低矿体开采的贫化率和损失率、有效控制采场地压和采区地表沉降及促进矿山环保的重要手段[1-3]。在二步骤回采矿柱时,如果环境温度过高,会采用通风等方式来降低工作面温度,以保证井下人员的工作效率和身体健康[4-5],此时回采工作面附近充填体所处的环境温度也会随之降低,当不作业而停止降温时,环境温度又会回升,这就使得充填体所处的环境温度处于一种循环的升降状态,而环境温度又是影响充填体力学性质及损伤特性的重要因素之一[6-7],因此,研究循环温度对尾砂胶结充填体损伤演化及破坏特征的影响,对维护回采工作面的稳定性具有重要意义。
考虑温度影响下充填体的力学特性,相关学者做了许多的工作。LIU等[8]、李凯兵[9]研究了不同养护温度对胶结充填体抗压强度的影响,发现较高的养护温度可以提高充填体早期抗压强度。WU等[10]研究了养护温度对含硅酸钠胶结充填体早期变形行为的影响,指出应力-应变曲线的形状受到充填体温度的强烈影响,峰值应变值通常随着初始温度的升高而降低。JIANG等[11]、XU等[12]发现较高的养护温度对试样的抗压强度和孔隙结构的细化有显著的增强作用。刘炜震等[13]发现50 ℃的养护环境温度会使充填体内部产生有害热应力,导致充填体的变形模量出现突降和逆向增长。徐文彬等[14]通过开展含裂隙充填体的单轴压缩试验,发现在20~60 ℃的温度范围内,随着温度的升高,充填体强度得到强化,温度在40 ℃左右时,充填体强度达到最大值。
此外,数字图像相关法(DIC)[15]和声发射(AE)[16]技术作为一种无损监测方法,已被广泛用于监测材料内部损伤程度和破坏过程。赵康等[17]采用DIC监测了充填体表面裂纹的演化过程,发现加载初期发育的裂纹为张拉裂纹,后期发育的裂纹为剪切裂纹,二者共同作用产生了宏观主裂纹与次裂纹。WU等[18]研究了养护温度对充填体声发射特性的影响,发现AE累积计数的突变是试样破坏的标志,AE信号的演变可以用来预测充填体是否稳定以及何时因失稳而受损。
目前关于温度影响下充填体的研究多以恒温为主,在循环温度对充填体损伤破坏影响方面的研究鲜有报道,而在实际回采过程中,部分充填体会受循环温度的影响。鉴于此,本文通过室内单轴试验,获得6种不同循环温度下养护的尾砂胶结充填体试样的应力-应变曲线,分析充填体力学参数随循环温度的变化规律,结合DIC和声发射技术,监测试样加载过程中的变形、裂纹演化及声发射变化特征,基于应变等价原理,建立不同循环温度下的充填体损伤本构模型,并验证了模型的可靠性,这对回采工作面附近充填体的设计有着一定的参考价值。
试验原材料包括全尾砂、水泥和水。全尾砂来源于安徽某金属矿山,其粒度分布与主要化学成分分别如图1和表1所示。全尾砂的d10,d50,d60分别为5.7, 74.3, 87.3 μm,不均匀系数Cu为15.3,曲率系数Cc为2.8,颗粒分布连续、级配良好。水泥为P·O42.5普通硅酸盐水泥,水为实验室用自来水。将原材料按灰砂比1∶6混合搅拌成质量浓度为70%的均匀料浆,然后浇入直径为50 mm、高度为100 mm的模具中,24 h后脱模,再将试样分别放入6种循环温度的恒温水箱中养护28 d,初温均为25 ℃,终温分别为25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃、45 ℃、50 ℃,分别记为25~25 ℃、25~30 ℃、25~35 ℃、25~40 ℃、25~45 ℃、25~50 ℃。
以25~30 ℃为例,循环温度养护方案为:把制备好的充填体试样放入水温为25 ℃的恒温水箱后,将温度设置为30 ℃,升温速率为1 ℃/min,达到30 ℃后,保持该温度至12 h,再将恒温水箱温度设置为25 ℃,对试样自然降温,达到25 ℃后保持该温度至12 h,此为一个温度循环周期,每个循环周期为24 h,28 d后取出试样进行试验。
整个测试系统主要由单轴压缩装置、DIC系统和声发射设备组成。单轴压缩装置采用WAW-100型电液伺服万能试验机,DIC系统采用新拓三维XTDIC-CONST全场应变测量系统,声发射设备采用DS2全信息声发射分析仪。充填体试样养护28 d后,进行单轴压缩试验,以0.02 kN/s的速率进行加载。加载前在试样的侧面用喷漆制备散斑,在试样未喷漆的侧面上固定4个声发射传感器,传感器和试样接触部位涂上一层凡士林,便于更好地接收声发射信号。在加载过程中,采用DIC系统的摄像设备对压缩过程中试样的散斑面进行拍摄。为使所获得的应力-应变曲线、DIC云图和声发射参数相互对应,应保证加载、拍摄和声发射采集同步进行。
为了深入研究循环养护温度对充填体力学特性的影响,单轴压缩前采用RSM-SY5(T)非金属声波监测仪对试样波速进行测定,另用真空饱和装置测定试样的孔隙率。
单轴压缩下,不同循环温度尾砂胶结充填体的应力-应变曲线如图2所示,可见应力-应变曲线形态基本相似,均可分为4个阶段:初始压密(OA)、弹性变形(AB)、塑性屈服(BC)和峰后破坏(CD)。随着循环温度的升高,峰值应力后,充填体应力下降更快,表现出更强的脆性。
图3为各力学参数随循环温度变化曲线。由图3可知,循环温度为25~25 ℃、25~30 ℃、25~35 ℃、25~40 ℃、25~45 ℃、25~50 ℃时,对应的充填体峰值应力分别为3.324, 3.652, 4.555, 4.747, 4.456, 4.140 MPa,弹性模量分别为315.25, 338.74, 451.01, 573.38, 433.49, 416.67 MPa,峰值应变分别为0.0151, 0.0154, 0.0164, 0.0169, 0.0161, 0.0157。由此可见,随着循环温度的升高,充填体的抗压强度、弹性模量和峰值应变均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,并且都在循环温度为25~40 ℃时达到最大值,说明循环温度在适宜范围内升高时,能够提高充填体的承载能力和抗变形能力,但循环温度过高也会对充填体的力学特性产生不利影响。
根据波速和孔隙率的测试结果,可得到充填体的波速和孔隙率随循环温度的变化规律,如图4所示。由图4可知,随着循环温度的升高,充填体的波速先增大后减小,孔隙率先减小后增大,且在循环温度为25~40 ℃时波速达到最大,孔隙率达到最小。这是因为当循环温度在适当的范围内升高时,温度的升高可以加快水泥水化反应速率,生成更多的水化产物填充充填体内部的孔隙,增强颗粒间的黏聚力[11-12],表现为声波传播更加通畅,波速增大,孔隙率的减小,从而增强其力学特性。但是,如果循环温度过高,会加快充填体内部水的汽化反应,从而抑制水泥水化反应的进行,导致孔隙结构增多[19-20],劣化其力学性能,波速的减小和孔隙率的增大印证了这个观点。
利用DIC方法能够很好地记录试样在整个加载过程中的应变和位移[21]。应变测试结果可以反映出试样的应变集中区,而应变集中区的扩展可以反映裂纹的演化过程。图5展示了DIC处理后,不同循环温度下的充填体横向应变(εx)场演化云图与应力-应变曲线上各特征点的对应关系。各特征点分别为:初始加载点O、弹性阶段初始点A、屈服点B、峰值应力点C、峰后破坏点F(50%峰值应力点),各特征点在应力-应变曲线上的位置如图2所示。
由图5可见,在初始加载阶段,充填体的表面应变场没有显著变化。随着加载的进行并到达A点,由于充填体内部的原始孔隙在没有裂缝的情况下逐渐被压实,充填体表面的εx略有增加。随着试验的进行,应变集中现象逐渐出现在试样表面,形成应变集中区。DIC结果表明,在塑性屈服点B,应变集中变得越来越明显,对应的红色、黄色和绿色区域不断延伸(颜色标识见电子版),表明内部裂纹在快速萌生和扩展。当到达C点时,红色应变集中区迅速扩大,充填体表面出现宏观裂纹,该区域随着荷载的继续施加而进一步扩大,进入峰后破坏阶段。到达F点时,红色应变集中区增大明显,应变变化较大。
循环温度越高,试样的应力集中区越大。对于循环温度为25~25 ℃和25~30 ℃的试样,损坏是由右侧的多个应变集中区引起的。对于循环温度为25~35 ℃和25~40 ℃的试样,损伤应变集中区集中在试样的上部,由上至下扩展过程中突然向右下斜向发展。对于循环温度为25~45 ℃和25~50 ℃的试样,损坏是由下部的多个应变集中区引起的,由下部向上部快速扩展,并伴随着一些小裂缝的产生。同时,DIC结果显示,随着循环温度的升高,试样在F点的峰值横向应变εx(对应于红色区域的εx)分别为0.57%、1.03%、1.37%、1.45%、1.68%和2.32%,呈增加趋势。这些现象表明,循环温度为25~25 ℃和25~30 ℃的条件下,试样表现出塑性破坏,裂纹逐渐扩展,破坏形式为剪切破坏。循环温度为25~35 ℃和25~40 ℃的条件下,试样表现出较高的致密性,在单轴压缩下也表现出塑性破坏,裂纹逐渐扩展和延伸,破坏形式为拉剪复合破坏。同时,由于热损伤的作用,在循环温度为25~45 ℃和25~50 ℃时,试样表现出部分弹脆性破坏的特征,表面裂纹演化迅速而强烈,破坏更加严重,主要由贯穿主裂纹引起,破坏形式以拉伸破坏为主。
图6展示了不同循环温度下的试样破坏形貌(有斑点表面)。
从图6可以看出,循环温度为25~25 ℃和25~30 ℃的试样表面存在1条从右侧至左侧方向的斜裂纹,表现出明显的剪切破坏。循环温度为25~35 ℃和25~40 ℃的试样表面存在1条平行于加载方向的裂纹,裂纹末端出现1条斜裂纹,表现出明显的拉伸-剪切复合破坏。循环温度为25~45 ℃和25~50 ℃的试样表面伴有1条平行于加载方向的贯穿主裂纹,还存在一些小裂纹,并且主裂纹的宽度明显比其他循环温度试样的大,其原因可能在于高温作用下,充填体内部自由水分蒸发逸出,产生毛细裂缝和孔隙,导致充填体受载后出现应力集中,从而促使裂纹扩展程度明显比其他循环温度试样的高[8],试样表现出明显的拉伸破坏。图6和图5中的结果是相互验证的。
声发射(AE)是材料在外载荷作用下变形或破坏过程中以弹性波方式向外释放应变能的现象[22]。因此,可以根据声发射信号的变化特征推断充填体内部裂纹的扩展演化过程。常用的AE参数有AE振铃计数、AE事件数及能量等,本文选用声发射振铃计数对单轴压缩下充填体损伤演化过程进行分析。
图7为不同循环温度下尾砂胶结充填体AE振铃计数演化特征。
由图7可知,不同循环温度下充填体的AE振铃计数与应变变化的规律类似,对应于应力-应变曲线的4个阶段,呈增大→减小→增大→减小的变化趋势。在OA段,充填体内部孔隙逐渐闭合,微裂纹被压实,颗粒之间不断摩擦和碰撞,因此,监测到较多的声发射信号。在AB段,应力-应变曲线呈近似直线形,充填体发生弹性变形,单轴压缩试验机对试样做的功逐渐转变为弹性能并储存在其内部,几乎没有能量散失,因此,监测到的AE振铃计数率较小。在BC段,试验机做的功超过了充填体所能承受的最大弹性能,导致微裂纹快速萌生和扩展,积累的能量大幅度散失,AE振铃计数率急剧上升,并在峰值应力附近达到最大,此时,峰值应力几乎对应于峰值AE振铃计数率,因此,AE振铃计数率异常活跃可以当作充填体破坏的前兆。在CD段,充填体发生大规模变形和破坏,内部颗粒与破坏面相互摩擦,交错滑移,使充填体的声发射活动保持活跃,由于峰值应力处充填体已经释放大量的能量,AE振铃计数率会相对减小。
从图7中的AE累计振铃计数可以看出,循环温度较高的充填体试样,在CD阶段比OA阶段呈现出更活跃的声发射活动,而循环温度较低的充填体试样则相反。这可能是因为循环温度较低的充填体的水化反应较不完全,强度小,OA阶段存在裂隙较多,导致压缩时试样内部颗粒之间发生大量摩擦和碰撞,产生更多的声发射信号;在CD阶段,由于循环温度较高的充填体受热损伤的影响,其脆性更强,应力下降速率更快,裂隙数量更多,使得声发射活动更加活跃。
由图7还可知,当循环温度为25~25 ℃至25~40 ℃时,随着循环温度的升高,试样的峰值应力增加,AE振铃计数率峰值也相应增加。当循环温度为25~40 ℃至25~50 ℃时,随着循环温度升高,试样的峰值应力降低,AE振铃计数率峰值也相应降低。这主要是因为适宜的循环温度使得水泥水化反应更为充分,产生大量的水化产物填充内部孔隙,使充填体结构更加密实,从而提高了强度,更高的强度在压缩过程中可以释放更多的能量,因此AE振铃计数率峰值也相应增大。而过高的循环温度会加快水的汽化反应,抑制充填体内部的水化反应,使试样中形成大量的气孔,从而降低强度,同时AE振铃计数率峰值也随之降低。
尾砂胶结充填体作为一种孔隙和裂纹随机分布的复合材料,可视为各向同性连续介质[6]。根据Lemaitre应变等价原理[23],尾砂胶结充填体的应力可以表示为:
式中:σ,E和ε分别为应力、弹性模量和应变;D为损伤变量。
尾砂胶结充填体的应力-应变曲线服从Weibull统计分布密度函数[24]。该函数可以在损伤程度与各微元所包含的缺陷之间建立关系,可得尾砂胶结充填体在单轴压缩下的损伤变量D为:
其中,λ为尾砂胶结充填体的Weibull统计分布的形状参数,可以表示为:
式中:σp为尾砂胶结充填体的峰值应力;εp为峰值应变。
将式(2)代入式(1)中,可以得到单轴压缩下尾砂胶结充填体的损伤本构模型:
根据不同循环温度的尾砂胶结充填体的试验数据,得到σp、εp和E,将这些参数值代入式(3)中得到λ和1/λ,见表2。
将不同的λ、1/λ、εp值代入式(2),可得不同循环温度下的充填体损伤变量演化曲线,如图8所示。由图8可知,循环温度不同,充填体损伤变量随应变的变化也不同。随着循环温度的升高,充填体的损伤累积先慢后快,且在循环温度为25~40 ℃时损伤累积最慢,即25~40 ℃时充填体的变形范围很大,损伤变量从0达到1;与2.1节结果相对应,说明循环温度下充填体损伤总体增长越慢,抗压强度越大。将不同的εp、E、λ、1/λ值代入式(4),可得到不同循环温度下的尾砂胶结充填体损伤本构方程,进而可得到充填体应力-应变的模型理论计算值曲线与试验实测值曲线及损伤变量曲线,如图9所示。由图9可知,理论曲线与试验曲线的变化趋势基本一致,吻合度较高,表明所建立的损伤本构模型也能有效描述不同循环温度尾砂胶结充填体在单轴压缩的应力分布特征,验证了模型的可靠性。
(1)随着循环温度的升高,尾砂胶结充填体的抗压强度、弹性模量和峰值应变均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且均在循环温度为25~40 ℃时达到最大值,分别为4.747 MPa、573.38 MPa、0.016 9。随着循环温度的升高,峰值应力后,充填体应力下降更快,表现出更强的脆性。
(2)由DIC技术得到的全场应变演化云图与应力-应变曲线的对应关系良好,能较好地展现试样表面裂纹演化的全过程。随着循环温度的升高,尾砂胶结充填体破坏形式由剪切破坏转变为拉伸-剪切复合破坏,再转变为拉伸破坏。
(3)循环温度较高的条件下,充填体峰后破坏阶段的声发射信号强度比初始压密阶段更大;声发射振铃计数率峰值随循环温度的升高先增大后减小,且均位于峰值应力附近,可将振铃计数率的突变作为充填体被破坏的前兆。
(4)基于应变等价原理,建立了不同循环温度下的尾砂胶结充填体损伤模型和本构方程。通过与试验得到的应力-应变曲线的比较,验证了模型的可靠性。随着循环温度的升高,充填体损伤变量值的增长总体上是先慢后快。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42072300)
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(42072300)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081
    2.冶金矿产资源高效利用与造块湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
    3.安徽金牛矿业有限公司,安徽 合肥 231500

通讯作者:

刘艳章(1969—),男,湖北汉川人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学、矿山测试技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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