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Article(id=1322594973237760408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594813749350688, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709827200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260814246, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260814246, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260814246, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260814246, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594813749350688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260776220, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260776220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=25, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594973397143961, articleId=1322594973237760408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Selection of Filling Mining Scheme and Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters of an Iron Deposit, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to select the best filling mining scheme and to optimize stope structure parameters of a high-value iron deposit, combined with the mining technical conditions of the deposit in the stage of −120 m to −180 m, the selection of mining scheme was regarded as a typical fuzzy decision problem. The analytic hierarchy process was used to obtain the weights of 11 indexes, and the fuzzy mathematics was used for comprehensive evaluation. The mining scheme of this iron deposit was selected as the sublevel drilling stage open stoping with subsequent filling method. Based on numerical simulation, four groups of stope structural parameters of the preferred mining scheme were optimized. The simulation results are concluded as follows. Firstly, in the process of mining, the tensile failure of each scheme is obvious, and the stress concentration occurs at the junction of the pillar and the roof. The maximum horizontal displacement of the central monitoring point at two sides of the stope and the maximum vertical displacement of the central monitoring point at the roof are 9.4 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively. Secondly, in the process of pillar mining, the shear failure of each scheme is obvious, and the maximum vertical displacement of the stope roof center in scheme Ⅱ is 28.0 mm. From the perspective of safety and economy, the optimal stope structure parameters of an iron mine are 15 m room width and 15 m pillar width. The scheme and the optimized stope structure parameters have achieved good economic benefits in mine production.

, authors=Linfang MEI1, Peng DENG2, Zhiyi HE1, Shaobo MAO1, Weidong SONG2, authorsList=Linfang MEI, Peng DENG, Zhiyi HE, Shaobo MAO, Weidong SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weidong SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594976471568808, articleId=1322594973237760408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=某铁矿床充填采矿方案优选及采场结构参数优化, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为优选某高价值铁矿床的充填采矿方案及优化采场结构参数，结合该矿床−120~−180 m阶段的开采技术条件，将采矿方案优选视作一个典型模糊决策问题。采用层次分析法得到的11个指标权重，结合模糊数学进行综合评价，优选出某铁矿采矿方案为分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法。基于数值模拟对优选的采矿方案的4种采场结构参数进行优化，模拟结果表明：在矿房回采过程中，各方案拉伸破坏明显，矿柱与顶板汇合处均出现应力集中现象，方案Ⅱ的采场两帮中心监测点最大水平位移和顶板中心监测点最大垂直位移分别为9.4 mm、9.6 mm；在矿柱回采过程中，各方案剪切破坏明显，方案Ⅱ的采场顶板中心最大垂直位移为28.0 mm。从安全、经济角度比较出某铁矿最优采场结构参数为矿房宽度15 m、矿柱宽度15 m。该方案与优化的采场结构参数在矿山生产中取得了良好的经济效益。

, authors=梅林芳1, 邓朋2, 何志义1, 毛少波1, 宋卫东2, authorsList=梅林芳, 邓朋, 何志义, 毛少波, 宋卫东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋卫东, authorNote=

梅林芳（1970—），男，湖北黄梅人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为金属矿山绿色低碳开采。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
宋卫东（1966—），男，河北廊坊人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为金属矿绿色高效开采。E-mail:
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梅林芳（1970—），男，湖北黄梅人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为金属矿山绿色低碳开采。E-mail:

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梅林芳（1970—），男，湖北黄梅人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为金属矿山绿色低碳开采。E-mail:

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Metal Mine, 2022(8):69-74., articleTitle=Numerical simulation on complex stope structure parameters and optimization on mining method, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322594976719032745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594976727421354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, companyId=1322594976719032745, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Wisco Resources Group Co., Ltd., Huangshi, Hubei 435006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594976735809963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, companyId=1322594976719032745, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武钢资源集团有限公司，湖北　黄石市　435006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322594976807113132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594976811307437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, companyId=1322594976807113132, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594976819696046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, companyId=1322594976807113132, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322594980338717136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comprehensive evaluation index system of mining methods optimization, figureFileSmall=I+Vj3YzrXQ0gObBPDXtCiw==, figureFileBig=4k14a4/gJSP+dj59TNs4Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980414214609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=图1, caption=采矿方法优选综合评判指标体系, figureFileSmall=I+Vj3YzrXQ0gObBPDXtCiw==, figureFileBig=4k14a4/gJSP+dj59TNs4Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980640707026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Open stope subsequent filling method in segmented drilling stage, figureFileSmall=AWhxb3xlZ6+WoWznoJ4nRA==, figureFileBig=/eQWbF7dPoTfbESi+0JPJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980703621587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=图2, caption=分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法, figureFileSmall=AWhxb3xlZ6+WoWznoJ4nRA==, figureFileBig=/eQWbF7dPoTfbESi+0JPJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980770730452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Numerical calculation model, figureFileSmall=mNQT9P/i8sEo2eKNQIt1zw==, figureFileBig=IY+16refjxINgiHgJAX6kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980842033621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=图3, caption=数值计算模型, figureFileSmall=mNQT9P/i8sEo2eKNQIt1zw==, figureFileBig=IY+16refjxINgiHgJAX6kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980913336790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Volume change of plastic zone in stope of each scheme, figureFileSmall=2Ek+qmbo6y5Qqekwegkxlw==, figureFileBig=I4kniyso5lzoy9iW12QQpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594980988834263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各方案采场塑性区体积变化, figureFileSmall=2Ek+qmbo6y5Qqekwegkxlw==, figureFileBig=I4kniyso5lzoy9iW12QQpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594981051748824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Calibration of judgment matrix elements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量化标度含义量化标度含义
1指标a比b同等重要9指标a比b极端重要
3指标a比b稍微重要2,4,6,8相邻判断中间值
5指标a比b明显重要m指标a与b比较的判断标度
7指标a比b强烈重要1/m则b与a比较的判断标度为1/m
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981127246297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

判断矩阵元素标定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
量化标度含义量化标度含义
1指标a比b同等重要9指标a比b极端重要
3指标a比b稍微重要2,4,6,8相邻判断中间值
5指标a比b明显重要m指标a与b比较的判断标度
7指标a比b强烈重要1/m则b与a比较的判断标度为1/m
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981219520986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Judgment matrix A−B

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素B1B2B3算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
B111/31/20.163 80.163 40.163 40.163 50.004 60.007 9
B23120.539 00.539 60.539 60.539 4
B321/210.297 30.297 00.297 00.297 1
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981303407067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

判断矩阵A−B

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素B1B2B3算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
B111/31/20.163 80.163 40.163 40.163 50.004 60.007 9
B23120.539 00.539 60.539 60.539 4
B321/210.297 30.297 00.297 00.297 1
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981378904540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Judgment matrix B1−C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素C1C2C3C4C6算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
C1153330.435 40.445 90.439 00.440 10.074 00.066 1
C21/5111/210.100 90.105 50.101 40.102 6
C31/3111/21/30.097 10.093 80.094 70.095 2
C41/322130.219 80.220 60.223 90.221 4
C61/3131/310.146 80.134 20.141 10.140 7
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981479567837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

判断矩阵B1−C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素C1C2C3C4C6算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
C1153330.435 40.445 90.439 00.440 10.074 00.066 1
C21/5111/210.100 90.105 50.101 40.102 6
C31/3111/21/30.097 10.093 80.094 70.095 2
C41/322130.219 80.220 60.223 90.221 4
C61/3131/310.146 80.134 20.141 10.140 7
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981555065310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Judgment matrix B2−C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素C4C5C6C7算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
C411/7310.138 50.134 80.133 80.135 70.040 40.044 9
C571750.651 20.659 30.663 40.657 9
C61/31/711/30.062 20.059 20.059 90.060 4
C711/5310.148 10.146 70.143 00.145 9
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981630562783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

判断矩阵B2−C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素C4C5C6C7算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
C411/7310.138 50.134 80.133 80.135 70.040 40.044 9
C571750.651 20.659 30.663 40.657 9
C61/31/711/30.062 20.059 20.059 90.060 4
C711/5310.148 10.146 70.143 00.145 9
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981722837472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Judgment matrix B3−C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素C8C9C10C11算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
C815770.647 40.654 10.657 00.652 80.024 50.027 2
C91/51330.196 20.191 50.191 10.192 9
C101/71/3110.078 20.077 20.076 00.077 1
C111/71/3110.078 20.077 20.076 00.077 1
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981798334945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

判断矩阵B3−C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素C8C9C10C11算数平均法几何平均法特征值法权重CICR
C815770.647 40.654 10.657 00.652 80.024 50.027 2
C91/51330.196 20.191 50.191 10.192 9
C101/71/3110.078 20.077 20.076 00.077 1
C111/71/3110.078 20.077 20.076 00.077 1
), ArticleFig(id=1322594981919969762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Evaluation indexes of mining methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案生产能力/(万 t/a)适应程度工作效率通风条件安全程度生产管理难度劳动强度采矿成本/(元/t)采切比/(m/万 t)损失率/%贫化率/%
方案124.02好较低好较好较复杂中等24.7725.827.968.02
方案221.38较好较低好较好复杂强29.0623.098.08.0
方案346.55好较好较好好较复杂较低22.7547.499.410
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982003855843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

采矿方法评价指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案生产能力/(万 t/a)适应程度工作效率通风条件安全程度生产管理难度劳动强度采矿成本/(元/t)采切比/(m/万 t)损失率/%贫化率/%
方案124.02好较低好较好较复杂中等24.7725.827.968.02
方案221.38较好较低好较好复杂强29.0623.098.08.0
方案346.55好较好较好好较复杂较低22.7547.499.410
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982087741924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案D排序
方案10.434 92
方案20.391 23
方案30.618 51
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982167433701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

模糊综合评判结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案D排序
方案10.434 92
方案20.391 23
方案30.618 51
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982268096998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Stope structure parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案矿房宽度/m矿柱宽度/m
方案Ⅰ2020
方案Ⅱ1515
方案Ⅲ1212
方案Ⅳ2015
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982347788775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

采场结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案矿房宽度/m矿柱宽度/m
方案Ⅰ2020
方案Ⅱ1515
方案Ⅲ1212
方案Ⅳ2015
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982410703336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Physical and mechanical property parameters of materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型剪切模量/GPa体积模量/GPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度/MPa密度/(kg·m–3)
矿体3.306.002.40450.604 040
上盘围岩2.804.202.10340.382 700
下盘围岩2.603.902.00360.362 520
其他围岩2.804.202.10400.382 700
充填体(1:8)0.250.310.13370.032 000
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982482006505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

材料物理力学性质参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型剪切模量/GPa体积模量/GPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度/MPa密度/(kg·m–3)
矿体3.306.002.40450.604 040
上盘围岩2.804.202.10340.382 700
下盘围岩2.603.902.00360.362 520
其他围岩2.804.202.10400.382 700
充填体(1:8)0.250.310.13370.032 000
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982544921066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Simulation results of maximum principal stress and displacement at each monitoring point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回采方案回采顺序最大主应力/MPa两帮水平位移/mm顶板垂直位移/mm
顶板左帮右帮左帮右帮
方案Ⅰ1号矿房0.231.632.0426.124.213.2
2号矿房0.221.562.2118.918.714.0
3号矿房0.251.572.1819.021.515.8
1号矿柱0.750.210.234.23.839.8
2号矿柱0.640.280.267.912.843.0
方案Ⅱ1号矿房0.211.991.888.29.48.4
2号矿房0.171.942.059.24.49.1
3号矿房0.171.992.119.43.79.6
1号矿柱0.650.260.201.21.728.0
2号矿柱0.630.290.221.11.827.6
方案Ⅲ1号矿房0.481.251.247.88.86.0
2号矿房0.332.011.539.13.26.8
3号矿房0.342.061.529.22.67.3
1号矿柱0.080.030.021.21.528.5
2号矿柱0.240.050.041.01.633.8
方案Ⅳ1号矿房0.171.571.568.59.813.0
2号矿房0.152.181.739.65.213.8
3号矿房0.152.191.619.94.414.3
1号矿柱0.270.040.051.31.332.8
2号矿柱0.290.060.051.01.736.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982624612843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

各监测点最大主应力、位移模拟结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回采方案回采顺序最大主应力/MPa两帮水平位移/mm顶板垂直位移/mm
顶板左帮右帮左帮右帮
方案Ⅰ1号矿房0.231.632.0426.124.213.2
2号矿房0.221.562.2118.918.714.0
3号矿房0.251.572.1819.021.515.8
1号矿柱0.750.210.234.23.839.8
2号矿柱0.640.280.267.912.843.0
方案Ⅱ1号矿房0.211.991.888.29.48.4
2号矿房0.171.942.059.24.49.1
3号矿房0.171.992.119.43.79.6
1号矿柱0.650.260.201.21.728.0
2号矿柱0.630.290.221.11.827.6
方案Ⅲ1号矿房0.481.251.247.88.86.0
2号矿房0.332.011.539.13.26.8
3号矿房0.342.061.529.22.67.3
1号矿柱0.080.030.021.21.528.5
2号矿柱0.240.050.041.01.633.8
方案Ⅳ1号矿房0.171.571.568.59.813.0
2号矿房0.152.181.739.65.213.8
3号矿房0.152.191.619.94.414.3
1号矿柱0.270.040.051.31.332.8
2号矿柱0.290.060.051.01.736.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982704304620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Comparison of technical and economic indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采矿方法生产能力/(t/d)损失率/%贫化率/%采矿成本/元出矿平均品位/%
无底柱分段崩落法553.521.238243.6131.7
分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法472.18.311250.0643.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322594982779802093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594973237760408, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

技术经济指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采矿方法生产能力/(t/d)损失率/%贫化率/%采矿成本/元出矿平均品位/%
无底柱分段崩落法553.521.238243.6131.7
分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法472.18.311250.0643.9
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某铁矿床充填采矿方案优选及采场结构参数优化
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梅林芳 1 , 邓朋 2 , 何志义 1 , 毛少波 1 , 宋卫东 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(2): 25-32
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (2) : 25 -32
某铁矿床充填采矿方案优选及采场结构参数优化
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梅林芳（1970—），男，湖北黄梅人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为金属矿山绿色低碳开采。E-mail:

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梅林芳1 , 邓朋2, 何志义1, 毛少波1, 宋卫东2
作者信息
  • 1.武钢资源集团有限公司，湖北　黄石市　435006
  • 2.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083
通讯作者:
宋卫东（1966—），男，河北廊坊人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为金属矿绿色高效开采。E-mail:
作者简介:

梅林芳（1970—），男，湖北黄梅人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为金属矿山绿色低碳开采。E-mail:

Selection of Filling Mining Scheme and Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters of an Iron Deposit
Linfang MEI1 , Peng DENG2, Zhiyi HE1, Shaobo MAO1, Weidong SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Wisco Resources Group Co., Ltd., Huangshi, Hubei 435006, China
  • 2.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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摘要
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为优选某高价值铁矿床的充填采矿方案及优化采场结构参数，结合该矿床−120~−180 m阶段的开采技术条件，将采矿方案优选视作一个典型模糊决策问题。采用层次分析法得到的11个指标权重，结合模糊数学进行综合评价，优选出某铁矿采矿方案为分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法。基于数值模拟对优选的采矿方案的4种采场结构参数进行优化，模拟结果表明：在矿房回采过程中，各方案拉伸破坏明显，矿柱与顶板汇合处均出现应力集中现象，方案Ⅱ的采场两帮中心监测点最大水平位移和顶板中心监测点最大垂直位移分别为9.4 mm、9.6 mm；在矿柱回采过程中，各方案剪切破坏明显，方案Ⅱ的采场顶板中心最大垂直位移为28.0 mm。从安全、经济角度比较出某铁矿最优采场结构参数为矿房宽度15 m、矿柱宽度15 m。该方案与优化的采场结构参数在矿山生产中取得了良好的经济效益。

高价值铁矿  /  模糊综合评价  /  数值模拟  /  采场结构参数优化

In order to select the best filling mining scheme and to optimize stope structure parameters of a high-value iron deposit, combined with the mining technical conditions of the deposit in the stage of −120 m to −180 m, the selection of mining scheme was regarded as a typical fuzzy decision problem. The analytic hierarchy process was used to obtain the weights of 11 indexes, and the fuzzy mathematics was used for comprehensive evaluation. The mining scheme of this iron deposit was selected as the sublevel drilling stage open stoping with subsequent filling method. Based on numerical simulation, four groups of stope structural parameters of the preferred mining scheme were optimized. The simulation results are concluded as follows. Firstly, in the process of mining, the tensile failure of each scheme is obvious, and the stress concentration occurs at the junction of the pillar and the roof. The maximum horizontal displacement of the central monitoring point at two sides of the stope and the maximum vertical displacement of the central monitoring point at the roof are 9.4 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively. Secondly, in the process of pillar mining, the shear failure of each scheme is obvious, and the maximum vertical displacement of the stope roof center in scheme Ⅱ is 28.0 mm. From the perspective of safety and economy, the optimal stope structure parameters of an iron mine are 15 m room width and 15 m pillar width. The scheme and the optimized stope structure parameters have achieved good economic benefits in mine production.

High-value iron deposit  /  Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation  /  Numerical simulation  /  Optimization of stope structure parameters
梅林芳, 邓朋, 何志义, 毛少波, 宋卫东. 某铁矿床充填采矿方案优选及采场结构参数优化. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (2) : 25 -32 .
Linfang MEI, Peng DENG, Zhiyi HE, Shaobo MAO, Weidong SONG. Selection of Filling Mining Scheme and Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters of an Iron Deposit[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (2) : 25 -32 .
正文
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0　引言
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随着国家产业政策的调整，高价值铁矿山推广应用充填采矿法是采矿行业发展的必然趋势，充填采矿方法的选择及采场结构参数优化是高价值铁矿床开采的核心内容。传统的地下矿山采矿方法选择主要是通过简单的技术经济指标比较来确定的，带有较大的工程经验成分，选择结果往往不能与实际生产相适应。采矿方法的选择涉及到安全、技术、经济等多个因素，这些因素对矿山整体生产影响程度具有不确定性。因此，采矿方法的选择是一个模糊性的工程问题。
将层次分析法和模糊数学应用到高价值铁矿床采矿方法优选中，既能赋予指标体系中的损失、贫化等经济指标更为合适的主观权重，又能将安全程度、通风条件等定性描述的指标进行无量纲转化为具体数据从而参与计算。薛田喜等[1]将层次分析法和模糊数学结合，系统层次化地确定了最优采矿方法。陈翔[2]将传统采矿方法比选与模糊数学理论结合起来应用于深井矿山采矿方案优选。苗胜军等[3]将层次分析法和模糊数学理论结合得到的采矿方法评估结果与专家调查法评估结果进行对比，论证出模糊数学理论和层次分析法在采矿方法优选决策中的可行性。谭玉叶等[4]将模糊聚类法和层次分析法结合，解决了采矿方法优选中评判指标出现优越性交叉时的赋权问题。
本文以某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段高价值铁矿体开采为研究背景。该矿体价值、品位较高，矿山原采矿方法是无底柱分段崩落法，居高不下的损失贫化率对矿山经济效益造成很大影响，现需对该矿山采矿方法和采场结构参数进行优化。将层次分析法、模糊数学理论运用到采矿方案优选中，并采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对优选的采矿方案进行采场结构参数优化，为高价值铁矿床采矿方案选择和采场结构参数优化提供一定借鉴意义。
1　工程概况
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某铁矿位于湖北省东南部，其−120~−180 m阶段矿体倾角为70°~90°，平均水平厚度约为26 m，中部矿体较厚，可达40~50 m。矿石中除了铁金属之外，还含有Cu、S、Co及Au等，其每吨矿石的经济效益相当于单一铁矿石的2~3倍，为典型的急倾斜中厚至厚高价值铁矿体。针对这种高价值铁矿体采用充填法开采可以有效降低矿石的损失贫化，提高矿石回采率和资源的回收利用率，并能大幅度提高采场稳定性。因此，拟在−120~−180 m阶段采用胶结充填采矿法回采。参考国内外相似矿山开采资料及采矿方法选择原则，结合该矿山实际生产水平，初选出3种采矿方案：阶段空场嗣后充填法（方案1）、分层充填采矿法（方案2）、分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法（方案3）。
2　AHP主观赋权
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2.1　构建层次结构模型
对某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段采矿方案的技术、经济、安全层面中的指标进行分类归集，得到11个指标，基于11个指标建立的某铁矿采矿方案综合评价指标体系如图1所示。
2.2　构建判断矩阵
在建立层次结构模型后构造判断矩阵[5]，判断矩阵元素aij通过两两相互比较进行标度（见表1）。
一共构造出4个判断矩阵A−B、B1−C、B2−C、B3−C分别见表2至表5，对矩阵进行一致性检验[6]来观察矩阵的相容性。采用一致性系数CR检验构造的判断矩阵中各元素重要性是否存在自相矛盾的情况，一致性检验公式为：
式中：λmax为矩阵的最大特征值；n为矩阵的阶数；RI为随机一致性指标。若CR<0.1, 则认为判断矩阵的相容性可以接受，否则，需要对判断矩阵进行修改。
2.3　求解权重
层次分析法常用3种方法求解权重。不同的计算方法可能对结果有影响，为保证结果的可信度，分别按照3种方法得出权重再取平均值作为主观赋权的权重[7]。权重结果见表2至表5（表中CI为一致性指标）。
以上判断矩阵均通过一致性检验。按照各单层权向量结果，指标层对目标层的总排序权重值为：
wAHP=[0.072 0 0.016 8 0.015 6 0.036 2 0.354 9 0.055 6 0.078 7 0.193 9 0.057 3 0.022 9 0.022 9]
3　采矿方法综合评价分析
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3.1　采矿方案
3.1.1　阶段空场嗣后充填法
（1）采切工程布置：采场沿着矿体走向布置，划分为矿房和矿柱，两步骤回采，先矿房后矿柱。矿房宽为20 m，矿柱宽为30 m，阶段高度为60 m，顶柱、底柱各5 m。采准工程主要包括出矿进路、凿岩硐室、溜矿井、凿岩巷联络道、辅助斜坡道等。切割工程主要是切割天井和切割槽。
（2）回采工艺：在底部拉底巷和顶部凿岩硐室分别施工上向扇形孔和下向扇形孔，孔深20 m，孔底距为2.0 m，排距为1.5 m，以靠近上盘的切割槽为自由面，由上盘向下盘后退回采，矿石由铲运机经底部出矿进路运输至溜矿井集中出矿。一步骤矿房回采完毕后采用尾砂胶结充填矿房空区，二步骤矿柱回采完毕后采用废石或尾砂非胶结充填矿柱采空区。
3.1.2　分层充填采矿法
（1）采切工程布置：矿房沿矿体走向布置，长为30~50　m，宽为矿体厚度，矿房高度为中段高度，底柱高5 m，不留顶柱和间柱。每个矿房内布置1个溜矿井，1个人行通风充填井和2个顺路人行通风天井(兼做滤水井)。溜矿井采用6 mm厚钢板制作并顺路架设而成，直径为1.0 m；人行滤水井断面尺寸为2.0 m×1.5 m；人行通风充填井内设充填管路和人行梯子，作为矿房的安全出口。矿房底柱上按要求设人工假底。
（2）回采工艺：回采从切割水平开始，逐层向上回采，分层高度为1.8 m，崩矿后采场用电耙出矿将崩落矿石耙至溜井内，在溜井底部通过漏斗将矿石装入矿车。分层采出完毕后及时封闭采场，对架高溜矿井及滤水井进行采场分层充填，分层充填高度为3 m，充填完毕后整个采场进入下一个采、充循环。
3.1.3　分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法
（1）采切工程布置：采场沿矿体走向布置，划分矿房与矿柱。矿房、矿柱宽约为15 m，阶段高度为60 m, 顶柱、底柱各6 m, 分段高度约为12 m，采准工程主要包括凿岩平巷、分段平巷、出矿平巷、溜矿井等。切割工程主要为切割天井和切割槽。
（2）回采工艺：在分段巷中打上向扇形孔，孔深10~12 m，孔底距为2.0 m，排距为1.5 m，以矿房、矿柱端部切割天井及切割槽为自由面，由上盘向下盘后退回采，矿石由铲运机经底部出矿进路运输至溜矿井集中出矿。矿房回采完毕后随即采用尾砂胶结充填，待充填体达到一定强度后回采矿柱，矿柱回采完毕后随即充填采空区。
3.2　模糊综合评价
模糊综合评价的4个关键因素[8]是：方案集E、指标集F、隶属矩阵R和权重集w。
（1）构建方案集。根据初选出的3种采矿方法构建方案集：
E={阶段空场嗣后充填法，分层充填采矿法，分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法}
（2）建立因素集。选择各采矿方法的生产能力、适应程度、工作效率、通风条件、安全程度、生产管理难度、劳动强度、采矿成本、采切比、损失率、贫化率共11个指标确定指标集F。各采矿方法评价指标见表6。
（3）构建隶属度矩阵。将无量纲化处理后的定量定性指标数据依序组合，得到隶属度矩阵R：
（4）模糊综合评价向量。将层次分析法得到的指标权重向量与模糊评价矩阵相结合，得出模糊综合评价向量：
评判结果见表7。
由表7可知，某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段矿体采矿方法从优到劣排序为：分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法、阶段空场嗣后充填法、分层充填采矿法。因此，某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段高价值铁矿体最优采矿方法为分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法，该铁矿优化采矿方法如图2所示。
4　采场结构参数优化
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4.1　模型构建
本文采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件优化某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段的分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法采场结构参数。按照先采矿房后采矿柱、隔一采一[9]的方法，每个矿房自上而下划分4个分段，矿房回采结束后进行胶结充填，充填体达到足够强度再进一步回采矿柱。采场稳定性主要由顶板和两帮的受力状态决定，比较矿岩位移、应力分布和各塑性变形区，并结合矿山实际生产活动，以获得最佳开采参数[10]。采场结构参数初选4个方案，见表8。
基于FLAC3D软件构造的模型长234 m、宽195 m、高122 m，矿体倾角为72°，共有191 880个单元体，202 398个节点，构造的三维数值计算模型如图3所示。
基于Hoek-Brown强度准则对室内岩石力学试验获得的力学参数结果进行折减[11]，得到的数值模拟力学参数见表9。
4.2　数值模拟结果及分析
4.2.1　监测点的数值模拟结果
选取回采过程中采空区的顶板中心、左右两帮中心点作为监测点，顶板中心点的最大主应力及垂直方向位移、两帮中心点的最大主应力及水平方向位移模拟结果见表10。
由表10可知，方案Ⅰ、方案Ⅳ在整个矿块回采过程中顶板下沉量较大，说明矿房跨度越大，回采过程中顶板下沉量也就越大。各方案在回采矿柱时顶板下沉量明显高于回采矿房时的顶板下沉量，这是因为充填体强度低于矿体强度，导致回采过程中充填体对顶板的承载作用弱于矿柱对顶板的承载作用。在回采矿房过程中，采空区两帮观测点的最大主应力要大于采空区顶板观测点的最大主应力，回采矿柱过程中则相反。
4.2.2　应力集中现象分析
在各方案开挖3号矿房结束后发现顶板与矿柱汇合处压应力集中现象明显。方案Ⅰ顶板压应力集中时，最大主应力为4.4 MPa；方案Ⅱ顶板压应力集中时，最大主应力为4.1 MPa；方案Ⅲ顶板压应力集中时，最大主应力为4.0 MPa；方案Ⅳ顶板压应力集中时，最大主应力为4.5 MPa。对比4个方案可以看出，矿房跨度越大，顶板压应力集中越明显。
4.2.3　塑性区分析
采场塑性区分布是表征采场稳定性的途径之一[14]，各方案塑性区体积变化如图4所示。各方案回采矿房过程中采场顶板和两帮出现较多的拉伸破坏，同时顶板出现零星的剪切破坏，回采矿柱过程中，充填体产生大量剪切破坏。由图4可知，在开挖步数前三步回采矿房过程中，各方案拉伸塑性区体积增长率较大，后两步回采矿柱过程中，各方案剪切塑性区体积增长率较大。
塑性区范围越小，引起采空区失稳的可能性越小[15]，由此，从回采过程中塑性区范围得出的方案合理性排序为：方案Ⅲ>方案Ⅱ>方案Ⅳ>方案I。
4.2.4　方案比较
对4个方案的数值模拟结果进行对比，从塑性区和顶板应力集中的角度看，方案Ⅲ在矿房回采安全性上最优，但根据表10中采空区观测点最大主应力、位移模拟结果来看，后续回采矿柱方案Ⅲ顶板下沉量大于方案Ⅱ顶板下沉量，方案Ⅲ不利于后续矿柱回采。对−120~−180 m阶段高价值铁矿而言，损失率至关重要，综合回采安全性、损失率及回采效率，方案Ⅱ（矿房宽度为15 m、矿柱宽度为15 m)的采场结构参数最优。
5　工程应用
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开采方案自2019年设计，2020年正式施工，统计该设计方案2021年至2022年的主要技术经济指标，与某铁矿原无底柱分段崩落法生产技术经济指标对比（见表11）。
某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段采用分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法，矿房矿柱宽度尺寸按照15 m设计，有效降低了矿体的损失贫化。对于高价值铁矿体，以牺牲部分生产能力为代价换取高品位矿产资源的回采是合理的。且采用充填法于矿山整体安全性而言，能够为矿山带来更大的价值。
6　结论
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（1）从技术、经济、安全3个层面选取11个评价指标，采用AHP法确定采矿方法综合评价指标权重，将主观权重与模糊数学法结合，得到3种采矿方案模糊综合评价结果分别为0.434 9, 0.391 2和0.618 5，相对优越性排序为：方案3>方案1>方案2，优选出某铁矿−120~−180 m阶段采矿方法为分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法。
（2）用FLAC3D软件对优选采矿方法的4种不同采场结构参数进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明：矿房回采过程中4个方案的拉伸塑性区体积增长率较大，方案Ⅱ的两帮中心监测点最大水平位移为9.4 mm，顶板中心监测点最大垂直位移为9.6 mm；矿柱回采过程中4个方案的剪切塑性区体积增长率较大，方案Ⅱ的两帮中心监测点最大水平位移为1.8 mm，顶板中心监测点最大垂直位移为28.0 mm，顶板压应力集中时最大主应力为4.1 MPa，相比其余3种采场结构参数方案，方案Ⅱ（矿房宽度为15 m，矿柱宽度为15 m)的采场稳定性最优。

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2025年第45卷第2期
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  • 接收时间：2024-03-08
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-02-25
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    1.武钢资源集团有限公司，湖北　黄石市　435006
    2.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083

通讯作者:

宋卫东（1966—），男，河北廊坊人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为金属矿绿色高效开采。E-mail:
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