Article(id=1322594841217843337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594813749350688, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732636800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260782769, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260782769, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260782769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260782769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594813749350688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260776220, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260776220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=246, endPage=253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594841402392714, articleId=1322594841217843337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research and Application of Borehole Radar Detection Technology Based on Electrical Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The key to prevent water outburst/gusher in coal mine is to clarify the hydraulic relationship between coal measure strata and aquifer, accurately detect the occurrence of abnormal areas, and take preventive measures in time. Based on the geological characteristics of the mining area and the evaluation of water inrush, the experimental system of coal-rock-water coupling occurrence was established to investigate the electric excitation response characteristics and signal attenuation characteristics of the medium under the magnetic field outside the borehole radar. The results show that the height of the water flowing fracture zone of the working face is 56.64 m, which exceeds the height of the water barrier. The working face is threatened by the water of the Changxing Formation aquifer and the goaf, and the risk of water inrush is high. In LCR digital bridge experiment, the dielectric constant of the medium decreases with the increase of frequency. At 100 MHz, the dielectric characteristics of the medium and the peak value of capacitance-dielectric loss(Cp−D)feature have obvious differences, and the signal transmission is stable. The resolution of borehole radar detection profile is increased at 100 MHz, and the imaging is stable. The low-resistivity anomaly area is mainly the boundary of rock strata and the water-bearing anomaly area of the Changxing Formation limestone, and some fracture zones have been found to contain water. The research results are brought into the pre-engineering consideration, and the results of geophysical exploration are further analyzed from the quantitative point of view, which provides some practical reference for similar geological water exploration work.

, authors=Jie HU1, Yiping ZHANG1, 2, 3, Lulin ZHENG1, Hong LAN1, 4, authorsList=Jie HU, Yiping ZHANG, Lulin ZHENG, Hong LAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yiping ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594845227597983, articleId=1322594841217843337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于围岩电性响应特征的钻孔雷达探测技术研究与应用, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

煤矿防突(涌)水关键在于厘清煤系地层-含水层之间的水力关系与精准探明异常区赋存情况,及时采取防治措施。以矿区地质特征与突水评价为基础,建立煤-岩-水耦合赋存下电性试验系统,探究介质在钻孔雷达外磁场下电激励响应特征与信号衰减特征。结果表明:工作面导水裂隙带高度为56.64 m,超过隔水层高度,工作面受长兴组含水层与采空区水威胁,突水危险性较高;LCR数字电桥试验中全频率段介电常数随频率增加而减小,100 MHz时介质电性特征、电容-介质损耗(Cp−D)特征峰值差异明显且信号传输稳定;钻孔雷达探测剖面在100 MHz时分辨率增高、成像稳定,低阻异常区主要为岩层分界处与长兴组灰岩含水异常区,且部分裂隙带、破碎带已出现导通含水情况。将研究成果纳入工程前期考量,从量化角度进一步解析物探成果,为同类工程地质探水工作提供一定实践参考。

, authors=胡洁1, 张义平1, 2, 3, 郑禄林1, 兰红1, 4, authorsList=胡洁, 张义平, 郑禄林, 兰红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张义平, authorNote=

胡洁(1998—),女,贵州贵阳人,硕士,研究方向为矿山水害探测与防治。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张义平(1970—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,研究方向为矿山灾害防治、岩层控制技术、工程爆破。E-mail:
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胡洁(1998—),女,贵州贵阳人,硕士,研究方向为矿山水害探测与防治。E-mail:

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胡洁(1998—),女,贵州贵阳人,硕士,研究方向为矿山水害探测与防治。E-mail:

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Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2021., articleTitle=Study on the influence of coal and rock electrical parameters with different frequencies at the radio wave perspective, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322594850944434397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, awardId=52474127; 52164006, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(52474127; 52164006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322594851049291998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, awardId=黔科合成果〔2021〕一般093; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般248; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般001, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合成果〔2021〕一般093; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般248; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322594845420535968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594845428924577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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departmentName=null, remark=2.Guizhou Yihe Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594845550559397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, companyId=1322594845533782179, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州一和科技有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322594845655416998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594845672194215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, companyId=1322594845655416998, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Guizhou Yihe Mining Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594845688971432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, companyId=1322594845655416998, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州一和矿业有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322594845810606249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594845823189162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, companyId=1322594845810606249, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Guizhou Wenjiaba Mining Co., Ltd., Bijie, Guizhou 552100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594845831577771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, companyId=1322594845810606249, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.贵州文家坝矿业有限公司,贵州 毕节市 552100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322594847719014603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Water inrush situation of 120905 working face, figureFileSmall=SQTpvglYW5TmviQdwpAh2g==, figureFileBig=uMX6Q2KWHlN7lVd3KvVdKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594847777734860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=图1, caption=120905工作面突水实况, figureFileSmall=SQTpvglYW5TmviQdwpAh2g==, figureFileBig=uMX6Q2KWHlN7lVd3KvVdKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594849564508365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Variation trend of dielectric constants of different surrounding rocks, figureFileSmall=tXHmgCrCsoVEwBZhvKvHUA==, figureFileBig=DU2k4V1MQQoHEuaoKcSqkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594849648394446, 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caption=Characteristics curves of surrounding rock Cp−D, figureFileSmall=KZoNY8JhGIRCMbtdutcyOA==, figureFileBig=EOD4CVqJ6ljN+UCD6Bjjtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594850046853330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=图4, caption=围岩Cp−D特征曲线, figureFileSmall=KZoNY8JhGIRCMbtdutcyOA==, figureFileBig=EOD4CVqJ6ljN+UCD6Bjjtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594850130739411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Interpretation of time-domain profiles, figureFileSmall=he9YrSlfHeIw0jYp+3Xcag==, figureFileBig=sPbRZGxA+9RdlXVD4ElaVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594850202042580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=图5, caption=解译时域剖面, figureFileSmall=he9YrSlfHeIw0jYp+3Xcag==, figureFileBig=sPbRZGxA+9RdlXVD4ElaVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594850264957141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Drilling profiles of 120905 return airway, figureFileSmall=j77JyJhAfSD3qWtAX2nZZw==, figureFileBig=kk/5XeWi0+mNBeW/+reZtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594850344648918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=图6, caption=120905回风巷钻探剖面, figureFileSmall=j77JyJhAfSD3qWtAX2nZZw==, figureFileBig=kk/5XeWi0+mNBeW/+reZtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594850436923607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Measurement results of dielectric constant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩介质介电常数/(pF/cm)电容Cp/pF
60 MHz110 MHz
灰岩343 000198 000350
粉砂岩66 2601 531118
泥岩11295138
煤样157 74166018
), ArticleFig(id=1322594850525003992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

介电常数测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩介质介电常数/(pF/cm)电容Cp/pF
60 MHz110 MHz
灰岩343 000198 000350
粉砂岩66 2601 531118
泥岩11295138
煤样157 74166018
), ArticleFig(id=1322594850642444505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of detection test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号孔深/m孔径/mm仰角/(°)频率/MHz
1#20943030
2#40946060
3#509490100
4#509490100
5#309460100
), ArticleFig(id=1322594850701164762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

探测试验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号孔深/m孔径/mm仰角/(°)频率/MHz
1#20943030
2#40946060
3#509490100
4#509490100
5#309460100
), ArticleFig(id=1322594850768273627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Drilling results of 120905 return airway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号方位/(°)倾角/(°)孔深/m地质情况
1#202+4687.015 m见煤,21 m见矸,31.5 m见煤,33.75 m见矸,38.25 m见煤,87 m退杆,见水。
补2-1#174+4849.514.25 m见煤,17.25 m见矸,27 m见煤,28.5 m见矸,48.75 m串孔不出水,49.5 m见水。
3#146+4293.015.75 m见煤,20.25 m见矸,30 m见煤,32.25 m见矸,38.25 m见煤,93 m退杆,见水量大。
4#229+6075.012 m见煤,15.75 m见矸,27.75 m见煤,30 m见矸,39.75 m见煤,40.5 m见矸,75 m退杆。
), ArticleFig(id=1322594850835382492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594841217843337, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

120905回风巷钻探结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号方位/(°)倾角/(°)孔深/m地质情况
1#202+4687.015 m见煤,21 m见矸,31.5 m见煤,33.75 m见矸,38.25 m见煤,87 m退杆,见水。
补2-1#174+4849.514.25 m见煤,17.25 m见矸,27 m见煤,28.5 m见矸,48.75 m串孔不出水,49.5 m见水。
3#146+4293.015.75 m见煤,20.25 m见矸,30 m见煤,32.25 m见矸,38.25 m见煤,93 m退杆,见水量大。
4#229+6075.012 m见煤,15.75 m见矸,27.75 m见煤,30 m见矸,39.75 m见煤,40.5 m见矸,75 m退杆。
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基于围岩电性响应特征的钻孔雷达探测技术研究与应用
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胡洁 1 , 张义平 1, 2, 3 , 郑禄林 1 , 兰红 1, 4
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(2): 246-253
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (2) : 246 -253
基于围岩电性响应特征的钻孔雷达探测技术研究与应用
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胡洁1 , 张义平1, 2, 3 , 郑禄林1, 兰红1, 4
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州一和科技有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 3.贵州一和矿业有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 4.贵州文家坝矿业有限公司,贵州 毕节市 552100
通讯作者:
张义平(1970—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,研究方向为矿山灾害防治、岩层控制技术、工程爆破。E-mail:
作者简介:

胡洁(1998—),女,贵州贵阳人,硕士,研究方向为矿山水害探测与防治。E-mail:

Research and Application of Borehole Radar Detection Technology Based on Electrical Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock
Jie HU1 , Yiping ZHANG1, 2, 3 , Lulin ZHENG1, Hong LAN1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Mining College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 2.Guizhou Yihe Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 3.Guizhou Yihe Mining Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 4.Guizhou Wenjiaba Mining Co., Ltd., Bijie, Guizhou 552100, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25
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煤矿防突(涌)水关键在于厘清煤系地层-含水层之间的水力关系与精准探明异常区赋存情况,及时采取防治措施。以矿区地质特征与突水评价为基础,建立煤-岩-水耦合赋存下电性试验系统,探究介质在钻孔雷达外磁场下电激励响应特征与信号衰减特征。结果表明:工作面导水裂隙带高度为56.64 m,超过隔水层高度,工作面受长兴组含水层与采空区水威胁,突水危险性较高;LCR数字电桥试验中全频率段介电常数随频率增加而减小,100 MHz时介质电性特征、电容-介质损耗(Cp−D)特征峰值差异明显且信号传输稳定;钻孔雷达探测剖面在100 MHz时分辨率增高、成像稳定,低阻异常区主要为岩层分界处与长兴组灰岩含水异常区,且部分裂隙带、破碎带已出现导通含水情况。将研究成果纳入工程前期考量,从量化角度进一步解析物探成果,为同类工程地质探水工作提供一定实践参考。

电性响应特征  /  介电常数  /  突水分析  /  钻孔雷达探测技术

The key to prevent water outburst/gusher in coal mine is to clarify the hydraulic relationship between coal measure strata and aquifer, accurately detect the occurrence of abnormal areas, and take preventive measures in time. Based on the geological characteristics of the mining area and the evaluation of water inrush, the experimental system of coal-rock-water coupling occurrence was established to investigate the electric excitation response characteristics and signal attenuation characteristics of the medium under the magnetic field outside the borehole radar. The results show that the height of the water flowing fracture zone of the working face is 56.64 m, which exceeds the height of the water barrier. The working face is threatened by the water of the Changxing Formation aquifer and the goaf, and the risk of water inrush is high. In LCR digital bridge experiment, the dielectric constant of the medium decreases with the increase of frequency. At 100 MHz, the dielectric characteristics of the medium and the peak value of capacitance-dielectric loss(Cp−D)feature have obvious differences, and the signal transmission is stable. The resolution of borehole radar detection profile is increased at 100 MHz, and the imaging is stable. The low-resistivity anomaly area is mainly the boundary of rock strata and the water-bearing anomaly area of the Changxing Formation limestone, and some fracture zones have been found to contain water. The research results are brought into the pre-engineering consideration, and the results of geophysical exploration are further analyzed from the quantitative point of view, which provides some practical reference for similar geological water exploration work.

Electrical response characteristics  /  Dielectric constant  /  Analysis of water inrush  /  Borehole radar detection technology
胡洁, 张义平, 郑禄林, 兰红. 基于围岩电性响应特征的钻孔雷达探测技术研究与应用. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (2) : 246 -253 .
Jie HU, Yiping ZHANG, Lulin ZHENG, Hong LAN. Research and Application of Borehole Radar Detection Technology Based on Electrical Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (2) : 246 -253 .
贵州作为喀斯特地貌的典型代表,其岩层受褶皱、断层、岩溶等复杂地质影响,煤矿水害事故频发[1-2]。岩层介质在外加磁场探测信号影响下会出现“位移电流”现象[3],介质分子结构、物理性质、煤化程度不同,导致外加磁场作用下的信号衰减程度与电性响应规律差异明显[4-5]。因此,研究掘进面前方围岩电性响应特征与探测电磁波之间的映射关系,对进一步明晰异常体赋存情况及监测导水隐患演化过程具有重要意义。
目前,利用介质电性差异推断低阻异常边界的方法逐步发展,电性特征包括介电常数、电阻率、磁导率等,许多学者利用介电常数测试技术反演岩体物理性质与信号传播特征[6]。介电常数测试技术包括波导传输反射法、谐振腔法、探针法、自由空间法等[7],梁美洁等[8]建立高岭土-砂土混合介质探测模型,提高介质电性参数对岩体的反演精度。王鑫泉[9]以煤矸的相对介电常数作为识别特征,通过采集介电信号识别煤矸赋存情况。YANG等[10]采用物探微波遥感技术研究雷达反射方向和轨迹,得到围岩化学成分与介电常数之间的关系。为进一步将电性特征与探测技术结合,MATTHIAS等[11]、JIANG等[12]根据裂缝含水电磁特性,研究了裂缝和裂缝区地下水对雷达回波信号的影响。WEI等[13]、胡荣明等[14]通过钻孔雷达技术应用,得到频率时程范围电磁极化作用响应规律。王诚龙等[15]利用雷达异常体解译图与工作面围岩信号特征,有效圈定了异常体位置与分布范围。徐懿等[16]、王文天等[17]通过雷达数据反演得到介电常数,验证了雷达发射频率对岩体探测解译的可行性。目前单一物探技术难以满足施工要求,探测结果受到工作面环境、复杂地质、金属设备信号干扰。以上研究表明,通过研究岩层介电性质与探测技术的定量关系,可以弥补单一物探技术难以克服地层错乱分布的信号干扰问题,因此,本文提出利用围岩电性差异从微观角度考虑低阻异常区成像规律,提高煤矿掘进面探测精度。
本文基于矿区地质特征与突(涌)水危险性分析,建立煤-岩-水耦合赋存下围岩介电常数试验系统,利用钻孔雷达进行掘进面超前探测,分析钻孔雷达探测技术下介质电性响应规律和信号衰减特征,结合现场试验总结解译异常体赋存类型与响应特征差异,提出一种异常体物性差异判别依据,进一步提高煤矿探水技术与矿井突(涌)水防治水平,为同类地质探测技术从经验判断向定量研究提供一定参考。
本文以贵州龙凤煤矿120905掘进工作面为研究背景,矿区位于贵州省毕节市金沙县,地处黔北高原,是以岩溶地貌为主的中山喀斯特峰丛,地势南高北低,最大高差为436 m。根据地质资料调查得到上覆岩层隔水层主要为灰岩、泥岩、粉砂岩、煤层。
矿区岩溶、断层与褶皱等复杂地质分布明显,存在隐伏断层11条,120905工作面揭露断层2条,由于矿区褶皱带存在交叉赋存现象,且工作面与褶皱、断层接壤,加之掘进时开采扰动,很有可能使断层产生位移,引发断面错落,导致含水层联通工作面,破坏岩层整体稳定性,影响工作面安全掘进与开采。
掘进面充水来源最大威胁是上覆长兴组灰岩含水层与采空区含水,水系涌入采面后侧空区,成为直接充水水源,涌水危险性最大。充水通道为岩石节理裂隙、破碎带与断层、采空巷道导水,围岩稳定性较差。本文依托现有开采条件进行涌水量实测,根据岩层特征与涌水特征选用比拟法进行区域矿井涌水量预测,预测公式如下:
式中:Q为预测矿井涌水量,m3/h;Q0为实测矿井涌水量,结合地质资料数据,Q0正常=332 m3/h,Q0max=436 m3/h;F为二采区预测面积,取5.53 km2;F0为采空区面积,取3.54 km2;S为终孔稳定水位标高与最低开采标高+900 m之差,取246.64 m;S0为现开采水平与终孔稳定水位标高之差,取79.80 m。
由公式(1)计算可得:Q正常=652 m3/h;Qmax=856 m3/h。
根据导水裂缝带法一般经验公式,龙潭组地层为软弱至半坚硬工程地质岩组,地质钻孔统计资料显示龙潭组饱和单轴抗压强度平均为23.27 MPa,以中硬类岩石计算公式进行计算。计算公式如下:
式中:Hli为导水裂隙带高度,m;为累计采厚,取10.02 m(厚度不足2.20 m时按2.20 m计算)。
由公式(2)计算可得:导水裂隙带高度为56.64 m。
分析120905工作面地质构造、充水条件、涌水量、导水裂隙带与开采扰动之间的水力联系,对工作面开展突涌水危险性评价,突水实况如图1所示。9号煤层距上覆龙潭组隔水层42.99 m,经计算导水裂隙带发育高度为56.64 m,表明导水裂隙已进入长兴组含水层,使得长兴组地层中的含水层会对矿井直接充水,充水影响较大。工作面上覆岩层与褶皱、断层接壤,已揭露2条断层,由于9号煤层与上下4号、5号煤层间距较近,加之开采扰动,地层稳定性受到影响,玉龙山段岩溶含水层加剧导水裂隙带发育,水害来源主要为含水层以及采空区含水。
根据工作面煤系地层-含水层的水力联系与水源识别可知,受上覆长兴组灰岩含水层威胁,岩层稳定性较低,工作面突水危险性较高。因此,亟需厘清120905工作面隔水层围岩煤-岩-水赋存下介质电性特征,探明异常区域及导水隐患以防止含水层破坏,进一步提高物探精度,采取有效防水措施避免发生突(涌)水事故。
雷达探测技术利用天线发射高频宽频带电磁波,另一端天线接收经介质反射的反射波,根据工作频率范围内电磁波在介质中折射、绕射、反射所产生的能量损耗,利用探测目标与周围介质之间的电性差异推断出地质异常体的分布或煤岩层类型[18]。
电磁波在介质中传播时,其路径、电磁场强度与波形将随介质的电性质及几何形态而变化[19]。高频电磁波在不同介质界面产生反射,反射系数R为:
式中,ε1与ε2分别代表两种不同介质的相对介电常数。
雷达设备接收反射波信号进行目标体探测,反射信号的强弱取决于介电常数的差异,因此,介电常数的差异是地质雷达应用的先决条件[20]。利用探测介质微观导电理论进行围岩介质电性峰值差异性分析,并解读电性试验与物探成果中的异常地质图像特征区间,得到工作面超前探测实际结果。
设计隔水层4种围岩介质电性测试试验,试验设备由精密LCR数字电桥介电测量系统、液体测试网络矢量仪和信号处理系统构成,对灰岩、泥岩、粉砂岩、煤层4种围岩介质进行介电性差异性分析,探究介电常数与频率的线性映射关系,为钻孔雷达探测技术低阻异常解译和回波信号处理提供理论依据与数据支撑。
常用探测设备实际频率从30 MHz开始推进,到60~100 MHz时由于异常体信号衰减与稳定,逐步达到分辨率与精度要求[21]。选取60~110 MHz全频率段50个等分点进行试验测定,以起点和终点测试频率得到介电常数测试结果见表1,不同围岩介电常数变化趋势如图2所示,围岩介电常数-频率映射曲线如图3所示,电容-介质损耗(Cp−D)特征如图4所示。
由表1可知,不同介质低频下介电常数均高于高频下介电常数,灰岩介电常数值最高,电容(Cp)指介质储存电荷的能力,Cp反映围岩介电感应能力对电磁信号的敏感程度[22],表明外加电信号作用下岩样电容大于煤样电容。由图2可知,4种围岩介质介电常数随探测频率增加而减少,降低范围明显,110 MHz时介电常数逐渐降至最低值。由图3可知,60~75 MHz时介电常数衰减杂乱,80 MHz时趋于平稳,此时探测图像逐渐达到清晰与稳定。介电性质主要从温度感应能力、级化程度、组成成分3个方面分析[23],试验系统保持恒温状态,低频阶段电磁场干扰强度较低,介质极化作用弱,转化为介电离子的能力高,介电常数值较高;高频阶段电磁场作用时间长、强度高,极化作用受高频电磁干扰束缚,介电数值较低。100 MHz时4种介质极化作用受到束缚,活化降低变化幅度逐渐稳定,分析原因可能为不同介质组成存在差异且矿物含量会影响其对电信号的感应能力。
电容和介质损耗是表征岩石电性特征的重要参数,由图4可知,灰岩、粉砂岩和泥岩Cp值随频率增加总体呈下降趋势且曲线平滑完整,Cp−D变化主要受电场外加频率影响,电容与介质损耗的最大、最小峰值差异明显。根据图2至图4可知,在100 MHz时4种围岩介质介电常数不同且衰减波动较为稳定,围岩电性相应特征差异明显,作为异常体物性差异判别效果良好。
本次探测试验采用ZTR7.2矿用钻孔雷达,能够克服远距离传输与岩层赋存复杂干扰的探测难题,在120905工作面设计5个超前钻孔,钻孔间隔100 m, 各钻孔信号测点间距为3 m, 根据围岩电性试验结果,在煤、岩复杂赋存情况下,掘进工作面电性特征随频率波动,于100 MHz时围岩介质电性参数趋向稳定,电性响应特征差异明显,现场试验频率选取30 MHz、60 MHz与100 MHz, 试验参数设置见表2。
探测结果显示,1#、2#钻孔无异常信号特征,4#钻孔信号紊乱,有效波形难以辨别低阻区域,因此对3#、5#钻孔探测结果进行信号实质性分析、数字滤波处理和信号增益,得到探测数据解译时域剖面图,如图5所示。
由图5可知,3#钻孔时域剖面图为明显直达波和有效波,异常区位于钻孔深度35~40 m处、径向半径12 m左右,波形传输在35 m出现缺失,呈下凹弯曲状,信号能量被吸收,局部反射波为高频振幅,宽度约2 m, 推断其疑似为含水层,并已接近顶板上覆灰岩层位置,含水区域宽约2 m。5#钻孔出现3处异常区域,分别为深度8~10 m、14~17 m、20~30 m处、径向半径12 m左右,波形呈线性传输,同相轴凹型缺失,较大异常区域约10 m。结合地质分析,异常区域接近长兴组底部,为灰岩、粉砂岩交界层,电性参数差异明显,能量团分布不均,推断该处岩层赋存厚度发生变化,存在裂隙水或破碎带,低阻区为灰岩含水层。
为验证解译结果准确性,以钻孔雷达5#钻孔异常构造探测处进行验证。结合120905工作面物探成果资料,在120905回风巷设计4个钻孔,钻孔剖面图如图6所示,钻探结果见表3。
由表3可知,4个钻孔均有不同程度出水情况,补2−1#孔最大涌水量为1 m3/h,涌水标高为1 098.685 3 m,3#孔最大涌水量为1 m3/h,涌水标高为1 112.942 2 m。分析其出水原因为:钻孔进入长兴组灰岩局部赋水区,导通岩溶管道造成钻孔出水,受掘进扰动长兴组的局部积水对工作面产生较大影响。在下一步掘进和开采前必须针对探测结果与地质特征优化施工方案,防止突水隐患,确保安全开采。
本文以矿区地质特征与突水危险性分析为基础,通过理论分析、测试试验及现场探测等方法研究物探技术下煤-岩-水耦合赋存的围岩电性响应关系,得出以下结论。
(1)120905工作面受岩溶、断层及褶皱等地质构造影响,揭露断层2条,矿井涌水量Q正常=652 m3/h、Qmax=856 m3/h,导水裂隙带最大为56.64 m且已超过隔水层高度,受上覆长兴组灰岩含水层与采空区水威胁,充水影响严重,突水危险性较高。
(2)通过LCR数字电桥进行围岩电性测试试验,介电常数-频率映射关系表现为60~110 MHz下介电常数随频率增加而减小,不同介质成分差异、矿物含量及极化程度对电信号感应能力不同,100 MHz时介质电性响应特征差异明显且信号传输稳定。
(3)钻孔雷达探测结果表明,频率由30 MHz增加至100 MHz时,分辨率增高、雷达成像趋于稳定,与电性试验结果较为接近,4处低阻异常区传输信号波形增大或缺失,根据地质特征与危险性评价推测疑似岩层分界处与长兴组灰岩含水异常区,且已出现裂隙带、破碎带部分导通富水情况。探测结果、突水危险性评价、钻探结果较为一致,因此在下一步掘进和开采前必须针对物探结果,改进施工方案并采取有效防治措施,预防煤矿水害事故发生。
  • 国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(52474127; 52164006)
  • 贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合成果〔2021〕一般093; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般248; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般001)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27
基金
国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(52474127; 52164006)
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合成果〔2021〕一般093; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般248; 黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般001)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州一和科技有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550025
    3.贵州一和矿业有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550025
    4.贵州文家坝矿业有限公司,贵州 毕节市 552100

通讯作者:

张义平(1970—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,研究方向为矿山灾害防治、岩层控制技术、工程爆破。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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