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Article(id=1322594702558351822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711382400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260749711, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260749711, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260749711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260749711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=222, endPage=229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594702738706895, articleId=1322594702558351822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Development and Application of Impact Frequency Acquisition System for Down-The-Hole Drill Rig, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Regarding the problem of collecting the impact frequency of open-pit down-the-hole drill rigs, based on the characteristics of the drilling acoustic signals of the TAIYE-390-Ⅱ split hydraulic open-pit down-the-hole drill rig, the impact frequency acquisition system and acquisition method were analyzed. Under the condition of constant wind pressure and constant axial pressure, drilling acoustic experiment and blasthole peep experiment were carried out to study the stability of the system and the feasibility of impact frequency in the identification of rock mass structural plane. The results show that 6 kHz is the most obvious signal dominant sampling frequency of the impact section waveform. The impact frequency acquisition method of acoustic signal in drilling process based on Hilbert transform, variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Savitzky-Golay filter can accurately extract the real-time impact frequency of drilling, and the error is controlled at 1 Hz. The impact frequency has a relatively obvious response to the rock mass structure. When encountering various structural planes, the value of the impact frequency will decrease by 1−3 Hz. The research results have important theoretical significance and application value in aspects such as the collection of the impact frequency of down-the-hole drills and the identification of rock mass structural planes.

, authors=Keyao XIE1, Xiaoqian HOU1, Yuanpeng SUN1, Dianshu LIU1, Chenliang QU2, authorsList=Keyao XIE, Xiaoqian HOU, Yuanpeng SUN, Dianshu LIU, Chenliang QU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dianshu LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594706345808358, articleId=1322594702558351822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统研发与应用研究, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对露天潜孔钻机冲击频率采集问题，基于TAIYE-390-Ⅱ分体式液压露天潜孔钻机钻进声信号特征，分析了冲击频率采集系统及采集方法，在恒风压、恒轴压条件下开展钻进声学实验及炮孔窥视实验，对系统稳定性及冲击频率在岩体结构面识别的可行性进行研究。结果表明：6 kHz为冲击段波形最明显的信号优势采样频率；基于Hilbert变换、变分模态分解(VMD)及Savitzky-Golay滤波的钻进过程声信号冲击频率采集方法可准确提取钻进实时冲击频率，误差控制在1 Hz；冲击频率对岩体结构响应较为明显，在遇到各类结构面时，冲击频率数值会下降1~3 Hz。研究结果在潜孔钻机冲击频率采集和岩体结构面识别等方面具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

, authors=谢科尧1, 侯晓倩1, 孙远朋1, 刘殿书1, 屈晨亮2, authorsList=谢科尧, 侯晓倩, 孙远朋, 刘殿书, 屈晨亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘殿书, authorNote=

谢科尧（1999—），男，江西上饶人，硕士研究生，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘殿书（1960—），男，山东潍坊人，教授，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究与教学工作。E-mail:
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谢科尧（1999—），男，江西上饶人，硕士研究生，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究。E-mail:

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谢科尧（1999—），男，江西上饶人，硕士研究生，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=BAGHEtFaxKrj5V9KWmTvvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594713736172070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=CN, label=图11, caption=深度序列图及炮孔窥视图, figureFileSmall=q5z/RfS7G7z2b8TqpHeh9g==, figureFileBig=BAGHEtFaxKrj5V9KWmTvvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594713807475239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Technical parameters of TS-915E microphone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拾音范围/m麦克风频率响应/kHz采样率/K灵敏度/dB工作环境/℃尺寸(长×宽×高)/ mm质量/kg
1~20(可调节)高灵敏度的电容咪头0.02~2032－35－20~60135×71×280.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322594713874584104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

TS-915E 拾音器技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拾音范围/m麦克风频率响应/kHz采样率/K灵敏度/dB工作环境/℃尺寸(长×宽×高)/ mm质量/kg
1~20(可调节)高灵敏度的电容咪头0.02~2032－35－20~60135×71×280.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322594713958470185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Acquisition data of impact frequency

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/s自动计算/Hz手动提取/Hz误差/Hz
21429290
21531301
21631310
21731301
21830300
21932311
22032311
22132320
22232320
22332320
22432320
22532320
22632311
22731310
22832311
22932320
23032320
23132320
23232320
23332320
23432320
23532320
), ArticleFig(id=1322594714046550570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

冲击频率采集数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/s自动计算/Hz手动提取/Hz误差/Hz
21429290
21531301
21631310
21731301
21830300
21932311
22032311
22132320
22232320
22332320
22432320
22532320
22632311
22731310
22832311
22932320
23032320
23132320
23232320
23332320
23432320
23532320
), ArticleFig(id=1322594714117853739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Monitoring results of acoustic experimental parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号轴压/kN风压/MPa冲击频率/Hz
Z15.01.7532
Z26.01.7531
Z39.51.7532
Z410.01.7531
Z511.51.7531
Z611.51.7532
Z711.51.7531
Z812.01.7532
Z912.01.7532
Z1012.01.7531
Z1112.01.7531
Z1212.51.7531
Z1312.51.7532
Z14, F112.51.7531
Z15, F212.51.7532
Z1613.01.7532
Z1713.01.7532
F312.51.6531
F412.51.6531
F512.51.8032
F612.51.8032
F712.51.9032
F812.51.9032
F912.51.9032
F1012.51.9032
F1112.52.0533
F1212.52.0534
F1312.52.0534
), ArticleFig(id=1322594714193351212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594702558351822, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

声学试验参数监测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号轴压/kN风压/MPa冲击频率/Hz
Z15.01.7532
Z26.01.7531
Z39.51.7532
Z410.01.7531
Z511.51.7531
Z611.51.7532
Z711.51.7531
Z812.01.7532
Z912.01.7532
Z1012.01.7531
Z1112.01.7531
Z1212.51.7531
Z1312.51.7532
Z14, F112.51.7531
Z15, F212.51.7532
Z1613.01.7532
Z1713.01.7532
F312.51.6531
F412.51.6531
F512.51.8032
F612.51.8032
F712.51.9032
F812.51.9032
F912.51.9032
F1012.51.9032
F1112.52.0533
F1212.52.0534
F1312.52.0534
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潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统研发与应用研究
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谢科尧 1 , 侯晓倩 1 , 孙远朋 1 , 刘殿书 1 , 屈晨亮 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(1): 222-229
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (1) : 222 -229
潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统研发与应用研究
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谢科尧1 , 侯晓倩1, 孙远朋1, 刘殿书1 , 屈晨亮2
作者信息
  • 1.中国矿业大学(北京) 力学与土木工程学院，北京　100083
  • 2.北京中大爆破工程有限公司，北京　100083
通讯作者:
刘殿书（1960—），男，山东潍坊人，教授，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究与教学工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

谢科尧（1999—），男，江西上饶人，硕士研究生，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究。E-mail:

Development and Application of Impact Frequency Acquisition System for Down-The-Hole Drill Rig
Keyao XIE1 , Xiaoqian HOU1, Yuanpeng SUN1, Dianshu LIU1 , Chenliang QU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.Beijing Zhongda Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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摘要
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针对露天潜孔钻机冲击频率采集问题，基于TAIYE-390-Ⅱ分体式液压露天潜孔钻机钻进声信号特征，分析了冲击频率采集系统及采集方法，在恒风压、恒轴压条件下开展钻进声学实验及炮孔窥视实验，对系统稳定性及冲击频率在岩体结构面识别的可行性进行研究。结果表明：6 kHz为冲击段波形最明显的信号优势采样频率；基于Hilbert变换、变分模态分解(VMD)及Savitzky-Golay滤波的钻进过程声信号冲击频率采集方法可准确提取钻进实时冲击频率，误差控制在1 Hz；冲击频率对岩体结构响应较为明显，在遇到各类结构面时，冲击频率数值会下降1~3 Hz。研究结果在潜孔钻机冲击频率采集和岩体结构面识别等方面具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

潜孔钻机  /  声信号  /  冲击频率采集系统  /  岩体结构

Regarding the problem of collecting the impact frequency of open-pit down-the-hole drill rigs, based on the characteristics of the drilling acoustic signals of the TAIYE-390-Ⅱ split hydraulic open-pit down-the-hole drill rig, the impact frequency acquisition system and acquisition method were analyzed. Under the condition of constant wind pressure and constant axial pressure, drilling acoustic experiment and blasthole peep experiment were carried out to study the stability of the system and the feasibility of impact frequency in the identification of rock mass structural plane. The results show that 6 kHz is the most obvious signal dominant sampling frequency of the impact section waveform. The impact frequency acquisition method of acoustic signal in drilling process based on Hilbert transform, variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Savitzky-Golay filter can accurately extract the real-time impact frequency of drilling, and the error is controlled at 1 Hz. The impact frequency has a relatively obvious response to the rock mass structure. When encountering various structural planes, the value of the impact frequency will decrease by 1−3 Hz. The research results have important theoretical significance and application value in aspects such as the collection of the impact frequency of down-the-hole drills and the identification of rock mass structural planes.

Down-the-hole drill rig  /  Acoustic signal  /  Impact frequency acquisition system  /  Structural of rock mass
谢科尧, 侯晓倩, 孙远朋, 刘殿书, 屈晨亮. 潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统研发与应用研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 222 -229 .
Keyao XIE, Xiaoqian HOU, Yuanpeng SUN, Dianshu LIU, Chenliang QU. Development and Application of Impact Frequency Acquisition System for Down-The-Hole Drill Rig[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 222 -229 .
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0　引言
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随着采矿技术飞跃发展，潜孔钻机以其高效、可靠等特点广泛应用于矿山、铁路等工程中。潜孔钻机通过潜孔冲击器活塞冲击钻头以及钻头自身连续回转实现钻孔作业[1-2]。因此，冲击器性能差异在很大程度上决定着钻机破岩效率的高低，通常采用冲击频率、冲击功与风耗量这三个基本指标对冲击器技术性能进行解释。
有研究表明，钻进速度和回转速度等钻进参数与冲击频率存在密切关系[3-4]，合理控制冲击频率的大小对于提高钻机的钻进速度具有显著的影响。因此，实时监测钻进过程中的冲击频率变得十分重要。通过实时检测冲击频率，操作人员可以及时调整钻机的工作参数，以确保钻机在最佳的冲击频率范围内工作，从而最大程度地提高钻进速度和效率。这种实时检测冲击频率的做法可以为钻孔作业提供必要的指导和支持，有助于实现更高效、更稳定的钻探操作[5]。
钻孔操作中，钻头对岩体施加冲击和旋切作用时，会引发声信号[6]。这些声信号蕴含着丰富的信息[7-9]，对于进行矿山爆破具有重要的参考价值，能够提供必要的判断依据，因此日益引起人们重视。学者们通过对钻机钻进过程中的声学响应进行研究，深入探讨了钻进过程中产生的声信号，发现岩石钻孔时的声信号能够传递岩层构造、钻具特性等重要信息[10-14]。
同时，声信号被广泛应用于机械设备振动的信号频率分析[15-16]。与传统的加速度传感器采集振动信号相比，声信号具有诸多优势。首先，声信号的数据采集更为方便，只需在设备周围布置少量的麦克风即可获取振动数据，而不需要安装复杂的传感器系统。其次，声信号蕴含信息丰富，能够提供更全面的振动特征，包括频率、振幅、波形等，有助于更准确地分析设备状态。此外，声信号采集：设备还具有维修简单的特点，麦克风等设备相对较易于安装和更换，且不容易受到环境干扰。因此，声信号分析作为一种振动分析的手段，展现出了巨大的潜力，在工程实践中得到了广泛应用[17]。
基于此，本文研发了基于拾音器的露天潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统，实现了冲击频率的实时采集与存储，将其应用于露天矿山生产现场，证明了系统的可靠性，并结合炮孔窥视试验分析了冲击频率用于岩体结构面识别的可行性。
1　系统组成与原理
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本文选择搭建了随钻参数测量系统的 TAIYE-390-Ⅱ分体式液压潜孔钻机作为冲击频率采集平台。该潜孔钻机的随钻参数测量系统由传感器、信号采集卡以及工控机组成，可实现钻孔过程中轴压、风压等随钻信号的实时测量、转换与储存[18]。TAIYE-390-Ⅱ分体式液压潜孔钻机所配冲击器的最大冲击频率为35 Hz，在正常工作时随岩石的硬度冲击频率在0~35 Hz范围内变化，冲击器转速为30~70 r/min，耗气量为0~20 m3/min。
潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统主要包括数字拾音器、数据采集卡和工控机三大部分。数字拾音器负责实时采集钻进声音信号，数据采集卡负责数字信号与声音信号的转换，工控机则负责完成冲击频率的实时计算、本地存储、本地显示等。
其中，数字拾音器安装在 TAIYE-390-Ⅱ分体式液压潜孔钻机司机室脚梯侧面板附近，实现对钻孔声音电压信号的测量。拾音器选用TS-915E型数字拾音器，其具体技术参数见表1，所采集的电压范围为0~2.5 V，灵敏度为－35 dB，可满足钻孔过程的声信号采集需求。
冲击频率采集系统原理如图1所示，标定后的拾音器通过数据传输线与凌华高频率动态型采集卡PCI-9527连接，实现声信号的数字化采集与转换，并传输至工控机中，进而在工控机中通过信号处理实现冲击频率的计算和记录。
2　采样频率调试试验
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露天潜孔钻机通常采用冲击凿岩方式进行破岩作业。在这种方式下，冲击器被送入钻孔内部，其中的活塞在压缩空气的推动作用下直接撞击钻头，以此来破碎岩石。这一过程中产生的声音呈现为连续脉冲形式，随着冲击的进行而持续产生。在声信号采样过程中，不同的拾音器采样频率所采集到的声音波形具有不同的特征，为了有效识别脉冲数量从而计算冲击频率，通过对比不同的音频电压信号采样频率，进而确定冲击段波形最明显的信号采样频率。
根据音频设备与现场钻进条件，正常钻进时风压在17 MPa左右，在钻孔过程中分别设定24 kHz、12 kHz、6 kHz、3 kHz、1.5 kHz、750 Hz6种采样频率采集音频电压信号，选取正常钻进过程中风压稳定段绘制不同采样频率下的波形时域图，为便于观察冲击波形，随机选取钻进时的1 s数据进行分析。不同采样频率下钻孔音频信号波形如图2所示。
通过观察6种不同采样频率下记录的信号波形，在24 kHz与12 kHz的采样频率下波形中记录的信息量大，无法较好地分离出每一次的冲击段信号，而750 Hz的采样频率下波形无法完整地记录冲击段的信号。而在6 kHz、3 kHz与1.5 kHz采样频率下的波形对比中可以发现，6 kHz下采集到的波形信号可以较好地分离出每一次冲击段，同时考虑到钻进声音的最大频率接近6 kHz，因此选取6 kHz作为本次试验钻孔音频电压信号的优势采样频率。且其在不同深度下均可清晰记录每一次冲击时的峰值，如图3所示。
3　冲击频率采集方法
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由图2与图3可知，钻孔声音信号中存在与冲击对应的峰值波形，该冲击频率采集系统通过结合Hilbert变换、变分模态分解（VMD）及Savitzky-Golay滤波对声音信号进行处理，并通过提取单位时间内的冲击峰值数量来计算冲击频率，冲击频率采集的原理如图4所示，信号处理结果如图5所示。
Hilbert变换通过对信号进行90°的相移来提取其包络线和相位信息，常用于分析信号整体特征，例如振幅变化趋势等，可以帮助理解信号的动态变化过程，对信号的分析和处理具有重要意义，被广泛应用于信号处理领域。对所采集的钻孔声音信号进行Hilbert变换，得到信号的Hilbert能量，如图5(b)所示。
变分模态分解（VMD）通过迭代搜寻变分模型的最优解，以确定每个分解的分量中心频率和带宽。这意味着VMD能够将信号分解成多个具有不同频率特征的子信号。通过这种方式，VMD能够有效地对目标信号进行去噪处理，从而提取出其中的有效信息。通过对钻孔声音信号的Hilbert能量进行变分模态分解，得到了包含冲击频率的VMD分量，有效去除了与冲击频率无关的部分噪声信号，如图5(c)所示。
为了便于工控机对冲击频率峰值进行提取，采用 Savitzky-Golay滤波方法对所得到的VMD分量进行滤波光滑，滤波后信号峰值显著，如图5(d)所示。Savitzky-Golay滤波可在平滑信号的同时有效地保留信号的变化信息，使得处理后的信号更加准确和可靠。
4　采集系统现场应用
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4.1　工程背景
辽阳千山石灰岩矿位于辽宁省辽阳市小屯镇，开采矿种为石灰岩，储量丰富，资源可靠。地质勘查报告显示千山矿矿体岩性较为简单，主要为细晶灰岩、斑花灰岩和鲕状灰岩，且夹石较少。该矿区范围内的石灰岩矿层为坚硬岩层，抗压强度较大，岩体完整性为较完整－完整，岩体质量为I~Ⅱ级，总体工程地质条件良好，适合进行单一岩性的钻孔声学试验。
该矿山采用露天深孔台阶爆破法开采，设计台阶高度15 m，台阶坡面角85°，采用搭建了随钻参数测量系统的TAIYE-390-Ⅱ分体式液压潜孔钻机进行穿孔工作，穿孔直径为120 mm，穿孔倾角为85°或90°。
4.2　数据分析
以某钻孔工程为例，选取时刻214~235 s的钻孔声音信号，分别采用自动计算与手动提取计数的方法计算单位时间内的冲击频率，冲击频率计算结果见表2，其中手动提取仅计算完整冲击波形的数量。
对两者得到的冲击频率进行对比分析，如图6所示。由表2和图6可以发现，自动计算得到的冲击频率与手动提取的结果在数值与波动趋势上均一致，误差在1 Hz左右，这可能是由于手动提取过程中仅对完整冲击波形进行了计数，忽略了非完整波形峰值的存在。而在自动计算过程中，对于非完整波形，若存在波形峰值，仍会进行计数，导致了自动计算结果比手动提取的要多出1 Hz。
钻机轴压、风压在钻孔过程中是可调节的独立参数。从潜孔钻机冲击器工作特性可知，冲击频率不受钻进轴压影响，而是受钻进风压影响，且随着风压增大而增大。为了进一步验证该冲击频率采集系统的有效性，分别控制轴压为12.5 kN或风压为1.75 MPa，从而进行不同风压、轴压条件下的钻进声学试验。从现场收集了不同情况下的冲击频率数据，声学试验结果参数见表3。本文共进行了28组现场试验，其中轴压试验17组，风压试验13组，分别为Z1-17与F1-13，存在两组共用数据。
图7、图8分别显示了岩石钻孔过程中风压、轴压与冲击频率的相关性。由图7可知，在钻孔过程中，风压对潜孔冲击器冲击频率的影响较为显著，在轴压大小相同的条件下，冲击频率随风压的增大而增大。由图8可知，轴压大小与潜孔冲击器冲击频率的相关性较低，在相同风压的条件下，冲击频率在一定范围内波动，不随轴压的增大而发生显著变化。
由上文分析可知，该潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统自动计算的钻进冲击频率与人工手动提取的结果十分接近，该系统采集的冲击频率可以准确反映钻进过程的冲击。同时，通过冲击频率与风压和轴压的相关性试验，发现冲击频率与风压呈显著正相关，而轴压与冲击频率相关性较低，这符合潜孔冲击器的工作机械特性，进一步验证了该冲击频率采集系统的有效性。
4.3　岩体结构面识别
冲击频率在钻进过程中的变化可能与岩性及风压、轴压等钻进参数相关，恒定钻进过程的风压、轴压参数，从而排除风压等参数对冲击频率的影响，便于探究钻进过程中冲击频率与岩体结构的关系。
在恒定轴压(12.5 kN)和风压(1.75 MPa)的工况下进行岩石钻进作业，钻进孔数为4个，孔深均小于1 m，如图9所示。通过冲击频率采集系统获取钻进岩石的冲击频率数据，如图10所示。由4个岩石钻进冲击频率曲线可以发现，钻进过程中冲击频率始终保持在32Hz，为常数，其中末尾下降段可能是由于钻头钻穿岩石导致。
在恒定轴压(12.5 N)和风压(1.75 MPa)的工况下进行岩体钻进作业，以某钻孔工程为例，钻进岩体的冲击频率数据如图11所示。
由于受上一台阶爆破扰动影响，本台阶孔口附近的岩体较为破碎，冲击频率值较低。可以发现与钻进岩石不同，钻进岩体时冲击频率在数值上存在多种波动，这可能与钻进岩体中节理裂隙、破碎带等结构面的影响有关。为了验证该猜想，采用炮孔窥视设备对炮孔内部结构进行了成像窥视，成像结果可以用于确定节理裂隙、破碎带等结构面的位置与发育程度。在进行炮孔窥视作业前，要确保钻孔内粉尘静置完毕，防止浮尘附着在炮孔窥视设备玻璃壁上，从而对炮孔窥视效果造成影响。
由图11中的标记部分可以发现，在冲击频率突变处，岩体结构均发生了变化。为了便于观察岩体结构变化，对标记处的岩芯柱状图进行局部展开。序号1至序号6所对应的岩体结构依次为破碎带、水平密闭裂隙、缓倾角密闭裂隙、陡倾角密闭裂隙、裂隙发育结构、水平密闭裂隙。对比冲击频率可发现，当遇到岩体软弱结构时，冲击频率下降，而当岩体结构重新稳定，冲击频率又会重新回升。此外，在岩体结构稳定、岩性变化不大时，冲击频率较为稳定。
综上所述，在保持轴压与风压恒定的情况下，钻进相同岩石时，冲击频率保持不变，恒为常数。在钻进岩体过程中，当岩体的岩性变化不大时，冲击频率较为稳定，但在遇到各类结构面时，冲击频率数值会下降。
5　结论
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（1）潜孔钻机冲击频率采集系统主要包括数字拾音器、数据采集卡和工控机三大部分，能够实现钻孔声信号的实时连续测量与冲击频率的采集及存储。
（2）潜孔钻机钻进声信号的优势采样频率为6kHz，该频率下的冲击段波形显著，可清晰记录不同深度的冲击段声音波形，便于后续冲击频率采集方法的研究。
（3）基于Hilbert变换、VMD及Savitzky-Golay滤波的钻进过程声信号冲击频率采集方法所采集的冲击频率与手动提取的结果误差较小且变化趋势一致，同时符合潜孔冲击器的工作机械特性。
（4）在保持轴压与风压恒定的情况下，钻进岩石时，冲击频率恒定在32Hz。在钻进岩体过程中，当岩体的岩性变化不大时，冲击频率较为稳定，保持在31Hz，但在遇到各类结构面时，冲击频率数值会下降1~3 Hz。

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  • 接收时间：2024-03-26
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-03-26
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    1.中国矿业大学(北京) 力学与土木工程学院，北京　100083
    2.北京中大爆破工程有限公司，北京　100083

通讯作者:

刘殿书（1960—），男，山东潍坊人，教授，主要从事工程爆破与岩石破碎方面的研究与教学工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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