Article(id=1322594647650709749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706630400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260736619, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260736619, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260736619, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260736619, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=135, endPage=143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594647835259126, articleId=1322594647650709749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Damage Evolution Law and Simulation of Overlying Strata in Close-Distance Coal Seam Induced by Mining, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the damage effect of overlying strata and the movement and instability characteristics of overlying strata under mining in close-distance coal seams, based on the mining of a close-distance coal seam in Shendong mining area, the damage theory was used to analyze the instability and deformation characteristics of the overlying strata of the close-distance coal seam under mining and the time-space evolution law of microseismic. The damage characteristics of the close-distance coal seam considering the microseismic monitoring data were discussed. The 3DEC software was used to simulate the instability and fracture of overlying strata and the law of stress transfer in close-distance coal seams under mining. The results show that the damage evolution of overlying strata increases as the distance between the upper and lower coal seams approaches. The minimum damage degree is 0.31 and the maximum damage degree is 0.77 under different monitoring schemes. There is no obvious increase or decrease trend of microseismic events in the process of overhaul, and the number of microseismic events increases continuously as the closing distance between the upper and lower coal seam working faces during coal mining. The continuous advancement of the working face of the lower coal seam causes the displacement of the overlying strata to increase, and the maximum displacement of the overlying strata is 45.9 cm. The research results are of great significance for the stability control of overlying strata in similar close-distance coal seam mining and the safe and efficient mining of coal mines.

, authors=Xuan SHAO1, Linlin CHEN1, Kaiwen SHI2, 3, Jie CHEN2, 3, Yuanyuan PU2, 3, Huiqiong HUANG2, 3, Le XU2, 3, authorsList=Xuan SHAO, Linlin CHEN, Kaiwen SHI, Jie CHEN, Yuanyuan PU, Huiqiong HUANG, Le XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594651408806159, articleId=1322594647650709749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=采动诱发近距离煤层覆岩损伤演化规律及模拟研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究采动下近距离煤层覆岩损伤效应及覆岩移动失稳破裂特征,以神东矿区某近距离煤层开采为背景,采用损伤理论分析了采动下近距离煤层覆岩失稳变形特征及微震时空演化规律,探讨了考虑微震监测数据的近距离煤层损伤特征,采用3DEC软件模拟研究了采动下近距离煤层覆岩失稳破裂及应力传递规律。结果表明:覆岩损伤演化随着上下煤层工作面距离不断靠近而增加,不同监测方案下最小损伤度为0.31,最大损伤度为0.77;检修过程中微震事件无明显增加或降低趋势,煤矿开采过程中随上下煤层工作面距离靠近微震事件数不断增加;下煤层工作面不断推进造成覆岩位移增加,最大覆岩位移为45.9 cm。研究结果对类似近距离煤层开采覆岩稳定性控制及煤矿安全高效开采具有重要意义。

, authors=邵轩1, 陈林林1, 史开文2, 3, 陈结2, 3, 蒲源源2, 3, 黄慧琼2, 3, 许乐2, 3, authorsList=邵轩, 陈林林, 史开文, 陈结, 蒲源源, 黄慧琼, 许乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

邵轩(1971—),男,河南罗山人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术管理工作。E-mail:

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邵轩(1971—),男,河南罗山人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术管理工作。E-mail:

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邵轩(1971—),男,河南罗山人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术管理工作。E-mail:

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Mechanics parameters of rock

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岩性厚度/m泊松比抗拉强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa黏聚力/MPa
砂质泥岩25.000.942.52284.201.94
细砂岩36.240.831.22323.102.82
粉砂岩2.300.621.38312.501.62
泥岩25.000.912.42283.701.94
细砂岩15.000.823.62313.302.22
M1煤5.300.280.51270.880.77
粉砂岩24.360.571.37292.851.14
砂质泥岩21.500.712.22283.402.45
M2煤3.400.340.31251.200.72
粉砂岩32.000.773.64282.832.62
), ArticleFig(id=1322594657897394529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594647650709749, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩层力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性厚度/m泊松比抗拉强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa黏聚力/MPa
砂质泥岩25.000.942.52284.201.94
细砂岩36.240.831.22323.102.82
粉砂岩2.300.621.38312.501.62
泥岩25.000.912.42283.701.94
细砂岩15.000.823.62313.302.22
M1煤5.300.280.51270.880.77
粉砂岩24.360.571.37292.851.14
砂质泥岩21.500.712.22283.402.45
M2煤3.400.340.31251.200.72
粉砂岩32.000.773.64282.832.62
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采动诱发近距离煤层覆岩损伤演化规律及模拟研究
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邵轩 1 , 陈林林 1 , 史开文 2, 3 , 陈结 2, 3 , 蒲源源 2, 3 , 黄慧琼 2, 3 , 许乐 2, 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(1): 135-143
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (1) : 135 -143
采动诱发近距离煤层覆岩损伤演化规律及模拟研究
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邵轩1 , 陈林林1, 史开文2, 3, 陈结2, 3, 蒲源源2, 3, 黄慧琼2, 3, 许乐2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.河南大有能源股份有限公司耿村煤矿,河南 渑池县 472400
  • 2.重庆大学 煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆 400044
  • 3.重庆大学 资源与安全学院,重庆 400044
作者简介:

邵轩(1971—),男,河南罗山人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿安全生产技术管理工作。E-mail:

Damage Evolution Law and Simulation of Overlying Strata in Close-Distance Coal Seam Induced by Mining
Xuan SHAO1 , Linlin CHEN1, Kaiwen SHI2, 3, Jie CHEN2, 3, Yuanyuan PU2, 3, Huiqiong HUANG2, 3, Le XU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Gengcun Coal Mine of Henan Dayou Energy Co., Ltd., Mianchi county, Henan 472400, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
  • 3.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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为研究采动下近距离煤层覆岩损伤效应及覆岩移动失稳破裂特征,以神东矿区某近距离煤层开采为背景,采用损伤理论分析了采动下近距离煤层覆岩失稳变形特征及微震时空演化规律,探讨了考虑微震监测数据的近距离煤层损伤特征,采用3DEC软件模拟研究了采动下近距离煤层覆岩失稳破裂及应力传递规律。结果表明:覆岩损伤演化随着上下煤层工作面距离不断靠近而增加,不同监测方案下最小损伤度为0.31,最大损伤度为0.77;检修过程中微震事件无明显增加或降低趋势,煤矿开采过程中随上下煤层工作面距离靠近微震事件数不断增加;下煤层工作面不断推进造成覆岩位移增加,最大覆岩位移为45.9 cm。研究结果对类似近距离煤层开采覆岩稳定性控制及煤矿安全高效开采具有重要意义。

近距离煤层  /  覆岩移动  /  损伤演化  /  微震监测  /  数值模拟

In order to study the damage effect of overlying strata and the movement and instability characteristics of overlying strata under mining in close-distance coal seams, based on the mining of a close-distance coal seam in Shendong mining area, the damage theory was used to analyze the instability and deformation characteristics of the overlying strata of the close-distance coal seam under mining and the time-space evolution law of microseismic. The damage characteristics of the close-distance coal seam considering the microseismic monitoring data were discussed. The 3DEC software was used to simulate the instability and fracture of overlying strata and the law of stress transfer in close-distance coal seams under mining. The results show that the damage evolution of overlying strata increases as the distance between the upper and lower coal seams approaches. The minimum damage degree is 0.31 and the maximum damage degree is 0.77 under different monitoring schemes. There is no obvious increase or decrease trend of microseismic events in the process of overhaul, and the number of microseismic events increases continuously as the closing distance between the upper and lower coal seam working faces during coal mining. The continuous advancement of the working face of the lower coal seam causes the displacement of the overlying strata to increase, and the maximum displacement of the overlying strata is 45.9 cm. The research results are of great significance for the stability control of overlying strata in similar close-distance coal seam mining and the safe and efficient mining of coal mines.

Close-distance coal seam  /  Movement of overlying strata  /  Damage evolution  /  Microseismic monitoring  /  Numerical simulation
邵轩, 陈林林, 史开文, 陈结, 蒲源源, 黄慧琼, 许乐. 采动诱发近距离煤层覆岩损伤演化规律及模拟研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 135 -143 .
Xuan SHAO, Linlin CHEN, Kaiwen SHI, Jie CHEN, Yuanyuan PU, Huiqiong HUANG, Le XU. Damage Evolution Law and Simulation of Overlying Strata in Close-Distance Coal Seam Induced by Mining[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 135 -143 .
近距离煤层上下煤层间距小,开采时易受临近煤层采动的影响[1-2]。我国诸多矿井已经形成上煤层回采,下煤层为下一个回采主体的现状,如国能神东布尔台煤矿、淮北朱庄煤矿等。近距离煤层回采过程中对邻近工作面影响较大,易形成下位煤层区域应力集中及层间覆岩损伤破坏。现有煤矿开采理论难以解决近距离煤层开采带来的复杂难题,因此,研究近距离煤层采动损伤效应及覆岩稳定性对提高煤矿安全高效开采、完善近距离煤层开采理论具有重要意义。
近距离煤层开采时,邻近工作面受采动影响产生不同程度损伤,下煤层开采时易诱发覆岩移动,顶板破碎[3-4]。针对近距离煤层采动诱发系列工程问题,学者们开展了许多研究。冯国瑞等[5]研究了浅埋近距离煤层开采超前煤柱群的冲击失稳机制,表明了近距离下伏煤层开采“煤柱群-覆岩”的失稳垮塌过程可以细分为关键柱斜切破坏阶段、关键柱邻近部分煤柱群破坏阶段、超前煤柱群回弹冲击失稳阶段、覆岩垮塌与层间岩层切落致灾阶段。刘洪涛等[6]研究了近距离煤层下行采动应力场分布规律,结果表明上覆煤层开采改变巷道所处位置的主应力大小、主应力比值以及应力偏转角,应力矢量的变化是导致巷道呈非对称破坏的主要原因。何富连等[7]针对近距离煤层综放末采关键块体回转机制开展研究,提出了近距离煤层综放末采矿压防治对策。黄庆享等[8-9]采用物理相似模拟、UDEC数值计算、理论分析及工程实例验证相结合的方法,开展了近距离煤层开采顶板活化结构及支架动载研究,结果表明下煤层开采后上煤层垮落顶板“活化”结构层呈现“砌体梁”结构,间隔关键层周期破断后形成“台阶岩梁”结构。王伟等[10]采用理论分析、相似模拟等研究手段分析了近距离煤层群煤柱下开采动压覆岩变形规律及控制,结果表明随着护巷煤柱宽度的增大,巷道的顶底板产生了垂直应力减小的区域,两帮也均产生了垂直应力升高的区域。赵洪宝等[11]开展了近距离煤层回采巷道非对称性破坏机理与演化规律研究,结果表明受上煤层工作面前方支承压力与煤柱应力集中影响的区域巷道处于拉-压偏应力场之中,此位置的巷道最容易发生破坏变形,而位于工作面后方与前方原岩应力处的区域巷道均处于压偏应力场中。牟宏伟[12]开展了近距离煤层群强矿压显现机理及监测预警技术研究,结果表明下煤层开采强矿压显现受上覆遗留煤柱和采空区影响较大,强矿压显现主要位于上覆遗留煤柱下的临空巷道。上述研究主要从近距离煤层采动应力分布、采动空间、覆岩变化特征等方面开展了研究,然而忽略了近距离煤层采动应力变化复杂、覆岩控制难等问题。
此外,众多学者针对近距离煤层采动巷道覆岩变形破坏及支护技术开展了大量研究,提出了各种支护技术,对工程起到指导作用。传统巷道支护理论主要有新奥法、古典压力理论等[1,9,13-14],后续通过不断实践,专家学者们又提出了压力拱理论、组合梁理论及悬臂梁理论等,这些支护理论为工程现场与实际应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。
综上,本文以神东某近距离煤层采动为研究背景,采用理论分析、现场监测及数值模拟综合研究手段,开展了采动诱发近距离煤层覆岩损伤演化及失稳破裂分析,研究了采动下近距离煤层覆岩失稳变形特征及微震时空演化规律,探讨了考虑微震监测数据的近距离煤层损伤演化特征,通过3DEC模拟研究了采动下近距离煤覆岩失稳破裂、能量传递及损伤演化特征。研究结果对类似近距离煤层开采具有重要借鉴意义。
近距离煤层开采较单一煤层覆岩受力更加复杂、破坏形式多样[1-2,15]。煤层选择下行式开采,受上煤层采动影响,开采扰动诱发层间覆岩静载应力集中,应力集中区域易累积弹性应变能。下煤层开采过程中,采动应力诱发煤岩体内积聚的弹性应变能突然释放,致使下煤层顶板覆岩出现失稳破坏。此外,上煤层采动过程中采动应力向四周传递,致使覆岩局部出现高应力集中或破坏底板岩层,造成覆岩控制困难。图1为近距离煤层采动覆岩破断示意图,受M1煤层采动影响,M2煤层采动过程中顶板呈现台阶式下沉破坏。在M1煤层采动影响下,层间覆岩发生不同程度损伤演化。同时,采空区在矸石及上覆岩层压力下,对下煤层顶板产生压实状态。当开采下煤层时,层间覆岩在上煤层采动影响下破碎复杂,甚至下煤层采动过程中轻微扰动也能诱发顶板大面积冒顶。由此可见,近距离煤层采动对层间覆岩影响剧烈,严重时易造成冲击地压等事故。
近距离煤层采动下,层间覆岩在采动应力作用下产生损伤破坏,造成覆岩裂纹萌生、扩展及贯通。层间覆岩在上煤层采动影响下,应力传递到下煤层,造成覆岩孔裂隙高度发育。在下煤层采动作用下,覆岩损伤裂纹与采动裂隙贯通,导致覆岩失稳破坏。岩体内部细观损伤演化是覆岩体最终失稳破坏的本质原因,上煤层采动过程中,局部应力集中导致岩体内产生微裂纹,微裂纹扩展形式反映出覆岩体破坏模式及损伤程度。当下煤层开采扰动时,覆岩体不断劣化,损伤不断增加,最终导致覆岩体产生宏观裂隙失稳破裂。因此,近距离煤层开采扰动造成覆岩损伤破坏严重,且随机性较强。
损伤泛指材料内劣化,涉及材料与工作环境密切相关[16-19]。损伤是假设研究对象中存在微裂纹等缺陷,其分布方向是随机的,因此可以采用分布函数来描述材料强度的统计特征。KAWAMOTO等[20]提出了基于连续体损伤理论和统计强度理论相结合的统计损伤模型,同时对损伤进行了定义。通常采用弹性模量、应力及能量等参数描述岩体损伤度D。其中D的取值范围为0~1,当D=1时,表示岩石材料完全破坏;当D=0时,表示岩石材料为无损状态,损伤是不可逆的。
微震指局部覆岩在采动过程中微裂纹产生、扩展时以能量波的形式产生震动。微震信号包含丰富的岩体破坏信息,记录了覆岩体破裂过程中微震活动能量释放大小、震级等信号数据,从而反映覆岩损伤破坏程度。本文将该方法与微震监测数据相结合,建立考虑微震数据的损伤模型。该损伤模型既可以反映覆岩初始状态下的损伤,又能考虑采动应力所引起的损伤。煤体在采动前覆岩处于静水压力状态,可近似无损状态,此时岩体达到压密阶段的临界应力为σn,于是定义岩体损伤度为:
式中:σn为岩体压密阶段时的临界应力,MPa;σc为岩体抗压强度,MPa。
此外,根据微震监测数据,可将岩体损伤度定义为:
式中:Nd为工作面开采时1d的微震事件统计数;N0为1 d当中微震监测累积事件数。
式(2)呈现了采煤工作面每天开采过程中煤岩体微裂纹成核损伤过程。因此,可以通过采动诱发的微震监测数据对煤岩体内部损伤演化进行描述。
本文以神东某矿为研究背景,分析两煤层推进过程中微震演化特征。该矿主采煤层为M1与M2煤层,两煤层平均间距为46 m,最小间距为33 m,属于典型近距离煤层,地层模型如图2所示。该矿采用下行式开采,下煤层采动过程中,层间覆岩破碎,裂隙高度发育,覆岩控制难度大,片帮严重。选择了4个监测方案的微震数据进行分析,方案一:上煤层M1推进150 m,下煤层M2推进70 m;方案二:上煤层M1推进150 m,下煤层M2推进90 m;方案三:上煤层M1推进150 m,下煤层M2推进110 m;方案四:上煤层M1推进150 m,下煤层M2推进130 m。
该矿实行8:00—16:00、16:00—24:00、0:00—8:00三班倒作业。8:00—24:00期间,工作面进行开采,0:00—8:00期间以检查和修复为主。图3至图6为4个监测方案的微震变化特征,图中可以观察到设备检修期间也能监测到少量微震事件,主要原因可能是煤层采动过程中覆岩还在变化,因此微震系统能够监测到少量微震事件。这说明设备检修期间覆岩损伤还在演化(即裂纹不断扩展),此阶段也要预防事故发生。同时,随着两煤层工作面距离缩短,检修期间微震事件不断增加,说明近距离煤层采动对覆岩影响显著。当工作面处于开采状态时,微震事件数明显高于检修期间,说明煤层采动对覆岩影响剧烈,覆岩内部产生较多微裂纹。假设上煤层采动造成层间覆岩弹性应变能积聚,当下煤层采动时,开采扰动诱发弹性应变能突然猛烈释放,将导致覆岩下沉,甚至诱发冲击地压等灾害发生。同时发现,随着下煤层开采不断推进,微震事件数不断增加,说明近距离煤层采动对层间覆岩造成剧烈影响。
综上,近距离煤层采动过程中对层间覆岩造成剧烈影响。在下行式采动过程中,上煤层采动造成煤层底板损伤演化,层间覆岩在采动应力作用下微裂纹萌生、扩展及贯通,同时造成裂隙发育,区域应力集中。当开采下煤层时,开采扰动造成覆岩损伤不断演化,其层间覆岩细观损伤演化最终导致覆岩失稳破坏。
已有研究表明[21-23],微震监测包含丰富的岩石力学信息,通过微震监测可以反映岩体损伤演化状态。在2.1节中,通过微震事件数定义了损伤特征,用来描述岩体破坏状态。本节通过现场采集的微震事件数分析近距离煤层不同推进距离下岩体损伤演化特征。
图7为不同设计方案下微震事件统计及损伤演化特征。从图7(a)中可以观察到,在不同设计方案下,随着两工作面距离不断靠近,处于检修阶段时微震事件数具有增加趋势,但不明显。这说明该近距离煤层层间覆岩较稳定,覆岩支护效果显著。当处于开采阶段,随着两工作面距离靠近,微震监测数据不断增加,表明开采扰动对层间覆岩影响剧烈。微震事件的增加说明层间覆岩产生较多微裂纹,这些微裂纹积聚成核,最终形成宏观破裂带,导致覆岩失稳破坏。图7(b)为煤层采动过程中基于微震监测的损伤演化特征。由图7(d)可知,随着两工作面距离不断靠近,覆岩损伤演化不断增加,其增加趋势由缓变陡。监测方案一的损伤度为0.31,监测方案四的损伤度为0.77。这表明近距离煤层采动对覆岩损伤演化具有重要影响,其增加趋势与煤层开采过程中微震事件变化趋势基本一致。
综上,基于微震监测可以描述近距离煤层采动过程中覆岩损伤演化规律,受近距离煤层采动影响,层间覆岩产生大量微震事件,采动裂隙高度发育造成部分区域失稳破裂。通过损伤演化分析得出,随着两工作面距离不断靠近,损伤演化不断增加。此外,上下煤层开采导致原生裂隙的贯通,增加了层间覆岩失稳破裂概率,形成了区域层裂失稳现象或大面积损伤破裂。
该矿位于鄂尔多斯境内,主采煤层为M1与M2煤层,各岩层力学参数见表1。下煤层回采过程中回采巷道片帮、底鼓严重,巷道掘进效率低、返修成本大,严重制约了工作面的安全高效回采。所建模型长×宽×高为800 m×300 m×220 m,模拟开挖方案按照前述4个方案设置。
图8为不同开挖方案下覆岩位移变化特征。由图8可知,上下煤层开采扰动叠加将会增加覆岩位移。图8(a)为上下煤层工作面不同开挖距离下覆岩位移特征,随着两工作面距离靠近,覆岩最大位移逐渐缩短。从图8(b)中可以观察到,随着两近距离煤层工作面不断靠近,层间覆岩位移不断增加,当上煤层开挖150 m、下煤层开挖130 m时,层间覆岩位移达到45.9 cm。这说明近距离煤层开采扰动叠加不仅影响层间覆岩移动位置,还会影响层间覆岩最大位移,主要原因在当上煤层开采扰动过程中,上煤层底板产生损伤,裂隙较发育,部分应力较集中,在开采下煤层时,随着开采距离的增加,顶板悬空面积不断增加,导致位移增加。此外,在下煤层开采扰动下,原本劣化的层间覆岩产生新的损伤,裂隙更加发育,甚至轻微扰动也会使覆岩发生失稳破裂。因此,近距离煤层开采扰动对层间覆岩位移影响剧烈。
图9为两煤层不同开挖距离下Z方向位移云图。由图9可知,随着下煤层不断推进,层间覆岩位移明显增加。在下煤层推进130 m时,下煤层顶板向下移动,出现垮塌状态。这说明近距离煤层采动过程中层间覆岩裂隙发育,损伤范围较广,采动应力叠加下覆岩影响范围较大,易诱发地表损伤、水土流失等。此外,在下煤层工作面附近位移显著,说明此处覆岩易失稳破坏,易发生冒顶、诱发煤壁片帮等事故。因此,近距离煤层开采扰动对覆岩影响显著,在上煤层初始扰动损伤状态下,下煤层开采扰动会诱发新的损伤,从而增加覆岩失稳破裂风险。
图10为两煤层不同开挖距离下Z方向应力云图。由图10可知,随着下煤层工作面推进距离增加,采动应力影响范围不断增加。在上煤层开采过程中,采动应力通过层间覆岩向下传递,造成下煤层顶板应力集中或局部受损。当下煤层采动时,扰动应力向四周扩散,层间覆岩损伤不断增加,裂隙不断扩展贯通,导致原本受损的层间覆岩裂隙更加发育。因此,下煤层开采过程中层间覆岩更容易失稳破裂,且采动过程中覆岩稳定性控制难度增加。
综上,近距离煤层采动对层间覆岩影响显著,下煤层工作面不断推进造成采动裂隙高度发育,覆岩损伤裂隙不断扩展,造成层间覆岩位移增加,最终导致位移失稳破坏。近距离煤层工作面采动下损伤区域随两工作面靠近不断增加,这一现象与现场观测结果一致,验证了损伤演化规律的正确性。
(1)本文定义并计算不同采动下煤岩损伤演化特征,监测方案一的损伤度为0.31,监测方案四的损伤度为0.77。
(2)近距离煤层采动应力叠加造成层间覆岩损伤累积,近距离煤层开采扰动造成覆岩损伤破坏严重。随着下煤层工作面推进距离的增加,微震事件不断增加,层间覆岩裂隙发育程度不断增大。
(3)近距离煤层采动对层间覆岩移动影响显著,下煤层推进过程中覆岩最大位移为45.9 cm。
  • “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2900400)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104077)
  • 重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室访问学者资助项目(2011DA105287-FW201903)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-01-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2900400)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104077)
重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室访问学者资助项目(2011DA105287-FW201903)
作者信息
    1.河南大有能源股份有限公司耿村煤矿,河南 渑池县 472400
    2.重庆大学 煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆 400044
    3.重庆大学 资源与安全学院,重庆 400044
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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