Article(id=1322594633188753516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706630400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260733171, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260733171, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260733171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260733171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=212, endPage=221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594633473966189, articleId=1322594633188753516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Effect of Multi-source Solid Waste Combined with Carbonate-Mineralization Microbe on Soil Improvement and Carbon Sequestration in Arid Mining Areas in Northwest China, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the problem of poor soil nutrients and limited carbon sequestration capacity in the arid mining area of Northwest China, combined with field experiment and static box method, multi-source solid waste (coal gangue and sludge compost) combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe were used to improve sandy degraded soil in coal mining subsidence area. The results show that the addition of multi-source solid waste and carbonate-mineralization microbe promote the growth of alfalfa and the development of its roots, and increase the carbon and nitrogen content of alfalfa. Multi-source solid waste combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe significantly increases soil carbon and nitrogen content and soil microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activities, and the improvement effect of multi-source solid waste combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe is better than that of single application of bacteria. After the addition of solid waste and carbonate-mineralization microbe, the net ecosystem exchange rate (NEE) of sandy soil decreases, and the gross primary productivity (GPP) of the ecosystem increases. The structural equation model shows that the addition of multi-source solid waste and carbonate-mineralization microbe is an important factor affecting GPP. Therefore, multi-source solid waste combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe has the application potential of improving quality and efficiency, carbon sequestration and emission reduction in soil remediation in arid mining areas in Northwest China.

, authors=Haili SHANG1, Hongyu YANG1, Chunli ZHENG2, Shouwen QIU3, authorsList=Haili SHANG, Hongyu YANG, Chunli ZHENG, Shouwen QIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunli ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594638070923402, articleId=1322594633188753516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌对西北干旱矿区土壤改良协同固碳效果研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了改善西北干旱矿区土壤养分贫瘠和碳固存能力有限的问题,结合田间试验和静态箱法,利用多源固废(煤矸石和污泥堆肥)联合碳酸盐矿化菌改良采煤沉陷区的砂质退化土壤。结果表明:添加多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌促进了紫花苜蓿生长及其根系的发育,提高了紫花苜蓿的碳氮含量;多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌显著提高了土壤碳氮含量和土壤微生物碳氮代谢相关酶的活性,且多源固废与碳酸盐矿化菌联合的改良效果优于单独施加菌剂;添加固废和碳酸盐矿化菌后,砂化土壤的净生态系统交换速率(NEE)均降低,生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)均提高。结构方程模型表明,多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌的添加是影响GPP的重要因子。因此,多源固废协同碳酸盐矿化菌在西北干旱矿区土壤修复中具备提质增效、固碳减排的应用潜力。

, authors=尚海丽1, 杨宏宇1, 郑春丽2, 邱守文3, authorsList=尚海丽, 杨宏宇, 郑春丽, 邱守文, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑春丽, authorNote=

尚海丽(1985—),女,陕西延安人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山生态修复研究。E-mail:

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郑春丽(1979—),女,内蒙古包头人,博士,教授,主要从事矿区污染土壤修复研究。E-mail:
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尚海丽(1985—),女,陕西延安人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山生态修复研究。E-mail:

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Effect of fertilization constitution on soil microorganism and soil respiration of tomato[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29(5):178-181., articleTitle=Effect of fertilization constitution on soil microorganism and soil respiration of tomato, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322594652495134964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594633188753516, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=348, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=42, authorNames=SCHIMEL J P, SCHAEFFER S M, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHIMEL J P, SCHAEFFER S M. Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil[J]. 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注:实线箭头表示显著的正相关,虚线箭头表示显著的负相关,箭头上的数字表示标准化路径系数。

, figureFileSmall=jtLat0pers5HTqLj2k27BQ==, figureFileBig=4zMo0DKofQi4MF1zekKF7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594646702801092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594633188753516, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of two kinds of solid waste additives

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称pHOM/%TC/%S/%TN/%TP/(g/kg)TK/(g/kg)Cr/(mg/kg)Cd/(mg/kg)Cu/(mg/kg)Ni/(mg/kg)Zn/(mg/kg)Pb/(mg/kg)Hg/(mg/kg)
煤矸石7.295.763.581.420.090.050.01140.00—15.204.2640.5640.1—
污泥堆肥8.0032.686.24—1.240.860.6550.993.0060.8569.54228.0630.01.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322594646786687173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594633188753516, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2 种固废添加剂的基本理化性质和重金属含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称pHOM/%TC/%S/%TN/%TP/(g/kg)TK/(g/kg)Cr/(mg/kg)Cd/(mg/kg)Cu/(mg/kg)Ni/(mg/kg)Zn/(mg/kg)Pb/(mg/kg)Hg/(mg/kg)
煤矸石7.295.763.581.420.090.050.01140.00—15.204.2640.5640.1—
污泥堆肥8.0032.686.24—1.240.860.6550.993.0060.8569.54228.0630.01.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322594646845407430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594633188753516, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different treatments on physico-chemical properties of sanded soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组pH电导率/(μs/cm)CEC/(cmol/kg)容重/(g/cm3)
CK7.23±0.07b81.67±3.84b37.37±1.57b1.52±0.03b
A7.34±0.09b80.00±2.08b39.82±1.46ab1.67±0.02a
GA7.60±0.05a85.00±2.30b41.29±1.64ab1.74±0.01a
GWA7.63±0.04a104.00±1.52a45.88±3.17a1.68±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1322594646904127687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594633188753516, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理对砂化土壤理化性质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组pH电导率/(μs/cm)CEC/(cmol/kg)容重/(g/cm3)
CK7.23±0.07b81.67±3.84b37.37±1.57b1.52±0.03b
A7.34±0.09b80.00±2.08b39.82±1.46ab1.67±0.02a
GA7.60±0.05a85.00±2.30b41.29±1.64ab1.74±0.01a
GWA7.63±0.04a104.00±1.52a45.88±3.17a1.68±0.02a
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多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌对西北干旱矿区土壤改良协同固碳效果研究
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尚海丽 1 , 杨宏宇 1 , 郑春丽 2 , 邱守文 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(1): 212-221
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (1) : 212 -221
多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌对西北干旱矿区土壤改良协同固碳效果研究
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尚海丽1 , 杨宏宇1, 郑春丽2 , 邱守文3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
  • 2.上海第二工业大学 资源与环境工程学院,上海 200120
  • 3.伊泰广联煤化有限责任公司红庆河煤矿,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017202
通讯作者:
郑春丽(1979—),女,内蒙古包头人,博士,教授,主要从事矿区污染土壤修复研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

尚海丽(1985—),女,陕西延安人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山生态修复研究。E-mail:

Study on the Effect of Multi-source Solid Waste Combined with Carbonate-Mineralization Microbe on Soil Improvement and Carbon Sequestration in Arid Mining Areas in Northwest China
Haili SHANG1 , Hongyu YANG1, Chunli ZHENG2 , Shouwen QIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science& Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 200120, China
  • 3.Hongqinghe Coal Mine, Yitai Guanglian Coal Chemistry Co., Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017202, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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为了改善西北干旱矿区土壤养分贫瘠和碳固存能力有限的问题,结合田间试验和静态箱法,利用多源固废(煤矸石和污泥堆肥)联合碳酸盐矿化菌改良采煤沉陷区的砂质退化土壤。结果表明:添加多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌促进了紫花苜蓿生长及其根系的发育,提高了紫花苜蓿的碳氮含量;多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌显著提高了土壤碳氮含量和土壤微生物碳氮代谢相关酶的活性,且多源固废与碳酸盐矿化菌联合的改良效果优于单独施加菌剂;添加固废和碳酸盐矿化菌后,砂化土壤的净生态系统交换速率(NEE)均降低,生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)均提高。结构方程模型表明,多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌的添加是影响GPP的重要因子。因此,多源固废协同碳酸盐矿化菌在西北干旱矿区土壤修复中具备提质增效、固碳减排的应用潜力。

多源固废  /  碳酸盐矿化菌  /  土壤修复  /  固碳  /  生态系统碳库  /  碳通量

To improve the problem of poor soil nutrients and limited carbon sequestration capacity in the arid mining area of Northwest China, combined with field experiment and static box method, multi-source solid waste (coal gangue and sludge compost) combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe were used to improve sandy degraded soil in coal mining subsidence area. The results show that the addition of multi-source solid waste and carbonate-mineralization microbe promote the growth of alfalfa and the development of its roots, and increase the carbon and nitrogen content of alfalfa. Multi-source solid waste combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe significantly increases soil carbon and nitrogen content and soil microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activities, and the improvement effect of multi-source solid waste combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe is better than that of single application of bacteria. After the addition of solid waste and carbonate-mineralization microbe, the net ecosystem exchange rate (NEE) of sandy soil decreases, and the gross primary productivity (GPP) of the ecosystem increases. The structural equation model shows that the addition of multi-source solid waste and carbonate-mineralization microbe is an important factor affecting GPP. Therefore, multi-source solid waste combined with carbonate-mineralization microbe has the application potential of improving quality and efficiency, carbon sequestration and emission reduction in soil remediation in arid mining areas in Northwest China.

Multi-source solid waste  /  Carbonate-mineralization microbe  /  Soil remediation  /  Carbon sequestration  /  Ecosystem carbon pool  /  Carbon flux
尚海丽, 杨宏宇, 郑春丽, 邱守文. 多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌对西北干旱矿区土壤改良协同固碳效果研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 212 -221 .
Haili SHANG, Hongyu YANG, Chunli ZHENG, Shouwen QIU. Study on the Effect of Multi-source Solid Waste Combined with Carbonate-Mineralization Microbe on Soil Improvement and Carbon Sequestration in Arid Mining Areas in Northwest China[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 212 -221 .
我国西北地区属于干旱半干旱地区,生态环境脆弱。矿产资源开发在带动矿区经济发展和满足能源需求的同时,造成了土地损毁,导致矿区土壤碳固存能力下降,严重破坏矿区碳平衡[1]。据统计,我国现存矸石山约2 600座,占地面积约为1.5×108万 m2,且煤矸石以每年上亿吨的速度递增[2]。因此,煤矸石消纳问题亟待解决。
煤矸石目前被用于发电、建材、化工、充填和农业,特别是煤矸石中丰富的有机质和无机养分赋予其制肥的优越性[3]。煤矸石在土壤改良中的应用主要通过替代部分土壤和丰富土壤营养,从而增进土壤肥力。煤矸石容重高于一般土壤且毛管孔隙少,将其掺入土壤可以增强土壤透气性和疏松度,但是难以形成土壤团聚体且缺少微生物群落[4]。单施煤矸石对土壤条件和植被生长的改善效果不明显,煤矸石与其他微生物、有机肥料的联合施用才是实现煤矸石生态化利用的关键。
在一定体系条件下,煤矸石可与巨大芽孢杆菌和硅酸盐细菌混拌,利用微生物可将煤矸石中大量的氮磷钾元素分解为可供植物吸收的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾[5]。而碳酸盐矿化菌可以将大气中的二氧化碳固定为土壤无机碳,同时提高土壤有机质的分解率和转化率,促进碳在土壤、植物和大气之间的循环,提高土壤养分供给能力。OKYAY等[6]利用从岩溶环境中分离出的微生物来吸收大气中的二氧化碳,发现脲解微生物能够诱导二氧化碳形成碳酸钙沉淀。同为废弃物的污泥透气性不佳,但是可提高土壤中氮磷元素、有机质的含量以及微生物,调节土壤孔隙,改善土壤的团粒结构。有研究表明,煤矸石和城市污泥在性质上存在着一定的互补性[7],而煤矸石和污泥堆肥联合微生物菌剂对土壤固碳效果的研究却鲜有报道。
土壤碳通量是指土壤表面二氧化碳通量,是土壤向大气释放二氧化碳的主要途径[8],土壤碳通量和有机碳含量的任何细微变化都将直接改变土壤圈碳储量及大气圈二氧化碳浓度,进而影响生态系统碳循环过程[9]。因此,研究添加多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌对于西北干旱矿区土壤碳动态特征,特别是对土壤碳通量及地下碳储量的影响具有十分重要的意义。
综上所述,本研究立足于矿区表土改良协同固碳的修复目标,通过现场试验,研究多源固废协同碳酸盐矿化菌的土壤改良效果和植物促生效应,并利用静态箱法监测土壤碳通量,分析其与环境因子的相关性。研究成果为实现西北干旱矿区土壤改良和固碳减排提供了理论支撑。
研究区位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗。该地区气候类型为温带大陆性气候,干旱少雨,日照强烈,风大沙多,年均气温为6.2~7.0℃,年均降水量为260~340 mm。研究区受风蚀和采煤塌陷的影响,土壤以砂质土壤为主。该研究区的主要植物为羊草、羊茅、紫花苜蓿等。
试验采用的煤矸石取自内蒙古伊金霍洛旗红庆河煤矿。煤矸石经双级磕石机破碎至1目左右后晾干备用。污泥堆肥来自内蒙古包头市污水处理厂。煤矸石和污泥堆肥基本理化性质和重金属含量见表1。根据《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB15618—2018)及《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置土地改良用泥质》(GB/T24600—2009)要求,本次试验所用材料的重金属含量均低于相应标准限值,符合国家环保要求。
当地供试植物为紫花苜蓿,紫花苜蓿种子用去离子水反复冲洗后备用,采用条播的播种方式,播种深度为2 cm,间距为30 cm,用量为3 kg/亩。
供试菌粉为巴氏芽孢杆菌,属于碳酸盐矿化菌,将菌粉按照50 g/L接种至矿化培养基中,采用喷雾器,按照150 L/666.667 m2的用量将菌液均匀喷洒在土壤表层,1 d之后用旋耕机旋耕搅拌,使菌液均匀分布在0~20 cm深度的土壤中。
试验地点位于鄂尔多斯市红庆河煤矿采煤沉陷区试验田。试验设置4个处理组,分别是空白(CK)、单加巴氏芽孢杆菌(A)、15%煤矸石+巴氏芽孢杆菌(GA)、15%煤矸石+3%污泥堆肥+巴氏芽孢杆菌(GWA)。每个处理组均设置138 m2的小区,在小区内按照五点法设置1 m×1 m的重复样方。
在不同处理组的重复样方内,按照植物覆盖区和裸地,分别安装永久性开放圆形PVC基座(R=20 cm),观测期内基座位置不变。静态箱由亚克力透明玻璃制成,箱体内安装一个风扇,可使箱内的气体充分混匀。箱体内使用插入式GDA-P5000二氧化碳检测仪测量CO2体积浓度,使用环境监测主机+EM50数据采集器+5TE传感器+气象百叶箱测量大气压强(Pav)、大气温度(AT)、箱内温度(Tav)、土壤温度和土壤湿度。
在8月至10月,每隔一周左右,选择在天气晴朗的上午9:00-11:00测量碳通量。测量时,先将静态箱放置在植物覆盖区基座上,保证整个箱体为密封状态后,开始测定箱内CO2体积浓度,记为dc。然后在箱体外盖上遮光布,测定CO2体积浓度。最后将静态箱放置在裸地基座上,测定CO2体积浓度。上述CO2体积浓度测定时间均为180 s。每次测量结束后抬起静态箱,使箱内气体与外界气体充分混匀。
播种90 d后测量紫花苜蓿的株高和盖度,然后收割,将其地上部分和根系使用无菌蒸馏水缓慢冲洗干净,用滤纸吸干水分,置于烘箱中,在105 ℃的温度下杀青60 min,再于65 ℃条件下烘干,称量干质量后,将植物地上部分和根系磨碎过20目筛备用。
采用S型五点混合取样法,使用抖落法采集紫花苜蓿的根系土壤,对混合样进行四分法缩分。一份装于无菌离心管中,立即速冻后放置在冰箱中,以-80 ℃的温度条件保存;另一份过2 mm的筛并以-20 ℃的温度条件保存,其余部分风干保存。
采用重铬酸钾容量法———外加热法测定植物全碳;采用硫酸-双氧水消解法测定植物全氮;采用玻璃电极法测定pH;采用梅特勒FE38电导率仪测定电导率;采用三氯化六氨合钴浸提-分光光度法测定阳离子交换量;采用环刀法测定土壤容重;采用氯化钾溶液浸提-靛酚蓝比色法测定土壤铵态氮含量;采用氯化钾溶液浸提-双波长比色法测定土壤硝态氮含量;采用氯仿熏蒸法提取-碳氮分析仪测定土壤微生物量碳、氮含量;采用去离子水浸提TOC分析仪测定可溶性有机碳含量;采用重铬酸钾容量法———外加热法测定土壤有机碳含量;采用TOC分析仪直接测定土壤全碳含量,总无机碳含量=总碳含量-总有机碳含量;采用靛酚蓝比色法测定脲酶;采用硝基酚比色法测定β-葡萄糖苷酶[10];参照文献[11]所用的方法测定谷氨酰胺酶,参照文献[12]所用的方法测定硝酸还原酶。
采用Excel 2010处理试验数据,使用SPSS 26软件进行方差分析,差异显著性定义为p<0.05。使用Origin 2022软件作图,利用R语言plspm包进行SEM分析。
采用公式(1)计算植物碳库:
式中:CVP为单位面积植物碳库,g/m2;k为植物生物量所分层次(地上部分和地下部分);Ci为植物碳含量,%;Oi为单位面积内的植物生物量,g/m2。
采用公式(2)和公式(3)计算土壤碳库:
式中:CSOC为土壤有机碳库;CSIC为土壤无机碳库;SOC为土壤有机碳含量,%;SIC为土壤无机碳含量,%;ΔD为表层土壤深度,取20 cm;ρ为表层土壤容重,g/cm3;G为表层土壤砾石含量,%, 此研究土壤为砂质土壤,故计G=0。
采用公式(4)计算生态系统CO2交换量:
式中:Fc为CO2通量,μmol·m-2·s-1;V为箱体的体积,m3;Pav为测量期间箱体内的平均大气压强,kPa;Wav为测量期间箱体内水汽分压,mmol·mol-1;R为大气常数,取8.314 J·mol-1·K-1;S为同化箱的面积,m2;Tav为测量期间箱体内平均温度,℃;为箱体内气体体积浓度变化率。
使用测量的净生态系统交换速率(NEE)和生态系统呼吸速率(ER),通过公式(5)计算生态系统总初级生产力(GPP):
不同处理组的紫花苜蓿的生长指标如图1所示。由图1(a)可知,添加固废和菌剂对紫花苜蓿地上、地下生物量都有显著的影响(p<0.05)。A、GA和GWA的地上生物量较CK分别提高了66%、255%和829%,地下生物量较CK分别提高了122.61%、309.56%和797.39%。其中GA与A相比,地上、地下生物量分别提高了117.79%倍和122.61%,GWA与A相比,地上、地下生物量分别提高了469.94%和303.13%。
由图1(b)可知,添加固废和菌剂的处理对紫花苜蓿的株高、根长和盖度都有显著的促进作用(p<0.05)。A、GA和GWA的株高较CK分别增长了45.02%、125.94%和215.15%;A、GA和GWA的根长较CK分别增长了20.15%、64.85%和60.72%;A、GA和GWA的盖度较CK分别增长了71.62%、447.30%和647.30%。
由图1(c)和图1(d)可知,煤矸石对植物碳氮含量有显著的促进累积作用(p<0.05)。GA的植物碳、氮含量较CK分别提高了4.22%和48.10%,较A分别提高了4.80%和23.62%;GWA的植物碳、氮含量较A分别提高了3.03%和8.35%。A的植物氮含量相较于CK提高了19.80%,GWA的植物氮含量较CK提高了29.81%,其他均无显著性(p>0.05)。
不同处理对砂化土壤理化性质的影响见表2,对砂化土壤微生物碳氮代谢相关酶活性的影响如图2所示。由表2可知,添加菌剂的处理对pH没有显著影响,说明单独添加菌剂不会影响土壤的原始pH。添加煤矸石和污泥堆肥2种固废会显著提高土壤pH(p<0.05),说明煤矸石和污泥堆肥本身化学结构对土壤pH有影响。GWA对土壤电导率和阳离子交换量均有显著提高作用(p<0.05),是因为污泥丰富的有机质提高了土壤的肥力。因此,A、GA和GWA均能够提高土壤容重(p<0.05)。
由图2(a)可知,与CK相比,A、GA和GWA均能显著提升土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性(p<0.05),分别提高了65.61%、893.42%、236.70%。其中GA组土壤的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高。由图2(b)可知,与CK相比,A处理不存在显著差异,GA和GWA显著提高了土壤脲酶的活性(p<0.05),分别提高了185.01%和71.31%。由图2(c)可知,GA和GWA显著提高了土壤硝酸还原酶的活性(p<0.05),GWA最高,相较于CK提高了730.37%。由图2(d)可知,GA和GWA显著提高了土壤谷氨酰胺酶的活性(p<0.05),尤其是GA,相较于CK提高了141.80%。添加多源固废和菌剂处理对提高土壤酶活性有促进作用,尤其是GA在提高土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和谷氨酰胺酶的活性方面效果最为显著。
不同处理对砂化土壤不同形态碳含量的影响如图3所示。由图3可知,添加固废和菌剂会显著影响砂化土壤不同形态的碳含量,煤矸石和污泥堆肥作为碳源,与菌剂的联合施用对土壤无机碳、有机碳和微生物量碳起正向促进作用(p<0.05), A、GA和GWA的土壤无机碳含量较CK分别提高了61.17%、71.24%和109.75%。GA对土壤有机碳含量的提升最明显,相较于CK提升了129.34%。GA和GWA处理的土壤可溶性有机碳含量有所下降,说明添加固废和菌剂对土壤可溶性有机碳的影响不大。GWA对土壤微生物量碳含量的提升最明显,相较于 CK 提升了120.23%。
不同处理对生态系统碳库占比的影响如图4所示。对植物碳库和土壤碳库进行估算后发现,添加固废和菌剂能够提高生态系统碳库(p<0.05)。如图4可知,与CK相比,A、GA和GWA分别提高了生态系统碳库占比45.84%、95.24%和95.57%。单施菌剂(A)的生态系统碳库含量相较于CK主要增长在无机碳库中,这说明巴氏芽孢杆菌对提高无机碳含量起到了明显的促进作用。添加固废的处理组明显高于单施菌剂组和对照组,这说明煤矸石和污泥堆肥的施用对碳储存方面起到了很大的作用。从整体上看,土壤无机碳库占生态系统碳库的主要部分。
不同处理对砂化土壤不同形态氮含量的影响如图5所示。由图5可知,添加固废和菌剂会显著影响土壤不同形态氮含量(p<0.05), GA显著提高了土壤铵态氮的含量,其他处理均无显著性。相较于CK, A、GA和GWA显著提高了土壤硝态氮含量和土壤微生物量氮含量,GA和GWA处理的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于A处理,GWA处理的土壤微生物量氮含量最高。
不同处理的土壤湿度、大气和土壤温度随时间的变化曲线如图6所示。由图6可知,GWA处理的土壤温度波动最大,在9月初达最高值,GA相对于GWA的土壤温度存在滞后现象。不同处理的土壤湿度变化呈相似的趋势,添加固废和菌剂处理后的土壤湿度整体上高于对照组。
相较于CK, A、GA和GWA的净生态系统交换速率(NEE)、生态系统呼吸速率(ER)、土壤呼吸速率(SR)和生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)的变化趋势基本一致,但累积量均有差异。由图7(a)可知,A、GA和GWA的NEE从8月中旬开始降低,其中GWA降低最明显,在9月初达到最低值,随后开始逐渐增加。当NEE为负值时,意味着生态系统吸收的二氧化碳量大于释放的二氧化碳量,表明发生了碳汇。由图7(b)可知,CK、A、GA的ER变化不大,GWA较其他3个处理的生态系统交换速率高,呈现出“V”形变化。由图7(c)可知,CK、A、GA处理的SR变化趋势平缓,GWA的SR在8月中旬开始提高,在8月中下旬达到峰值,随后开始下降。由图7(d)可知,GWA的GPP变化趋势最高并趋于平缓。
不同影响因子和生态系统总初级生产力的结构方程模型如图8所示。通过添加多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌,显著影响了生物量、土壤碳库、土壤湿度、土壤酶活和生态系统总初级生产力,且都呈现正相关的增加关系。影响生态系统总初级生产力的关键因素为多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌,路径系数为0.39,生物量和土壤湿度为主要调控因素,路径系数均为0.34。多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌的添加对土壤碳库的促进影响最大,路径系数为0.63。
西北干旱半干旱矿区存在严重的生态退化和土壤固碳能力低等问题,添加固废和微生物不仅可解决矿区固废堆放引起的环境问题,将废物转化为资源,还可以提高土壤养分含量,改善土壤结构,增强土壤的碳储存能力。
通过研究各处理后的土壤中紫花苜蓿的生长表现发现,添加多源固废和微生物对紫花苜蓿生长起到了显著的促进作用,从地上、地下生物量及植物的株高根长盖度的表现来看,CK<A<GA<GWA,说明在施加固废后,土壤肥力上升,有利于紫花苜蓿对营养元素氮、磷和钾的吸收,进而促进紫花苜蓿的生长,提高了植物生物量,从而提高植物体内的碳含量[13-15]。同时加入的巴氏芽孢杆菌对营养物质的循环可起到促进作用,有助于氮的矿化过程,可供植物吸收的无机氮含量增加,促进植物生长[16]。
添加多源固废和微生物对于提高土壤碳含量起到了促进作用,煤矸石虽然主要是无机成分,但在一定程度上能改善土壤的物理性质,其本身含有一定量的矿物质,对CO2有较强的物理、化学固定作用,而堆肥污泥则含有较为丰富的有机碳和氮,这些物质可以改善土壤结构,为巴氏芽孢杆菌等微生物的生长繁殖创建良好的环境,从而提高土壤酶活性[17-18]。巴氏芽孢杆菌通过产生尿素酶促进土壤中的尿素分解,生成碳酸氢铵和碳酸[19]。碳酸分解成水和二氧化碳,二氧化碳与土壤中的钙反应生成碳酸钙,促使生成更稳定的团聚体,不仅可以使贮存其中的有机碳不易被分解,还可以吸收固定二氧化碳。LIANG等[20]使用土壤“微生物碳泵”的概念框架来演示微生物如何在土壤碳储存中发挥积极作用,证明多源固废与微生物的联合应用具有提高生态系统碳储存的潜力。
多源固废和微生物的添加显著影响了生态系统碳通量,这主要是因为短期的养分添加可以显著影响特定的碳通量[21-22]。这说明煤矸石和污泥堆肥可改善土壤结构,提供微生物所需的营养,从而增加SR。但同时稳定的有机碳又能减少长期的SR[23],NEE的减少和GPP的增加说明生态系统碳吸收能力增强,主要原因是通过添加固废和菌剂改善了土壤条件,从而促进植物生长和增加土壤碳存储量。这与一些研究者的试验结果一致[24-25]。添加巴氏芽孢杆菌的处理,碳通量明显受到影响,这是因为微生物在控制陆地碳通量方面的主要作用是将碳稳定为不易分解的形式来阻止碳的释放[25]。
为了深入研究西北干旱半干旱矿区砂化土壤改良效果和固碳减排效应,本文通过采用田间试验结合静态箱法监测技术,探究了多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌对土壤改良和促进植物生长的集成效益及其环境作用机制,得到以下结论。
(1)在固废和碳酸盐矿化菌的影响下,紫花苜蓿的生长指标和碳氮含量均得到显著提高。GA和GWA表现的最为显著。添加多源固废和碳酸盐矿化菌能够改良砂质土壤的物理和化学性质,多源固废与碳酸盐矿化菌混合的效果优于单独施加的效果。
(2)添加固废和碳酸盐矿化菌显著增加了砂化土壤中无机碳、有机碳和微生物量碳的含量,显著提升了生态系统的总体碳储量,对生态系统碳通量起到了促进作用,降低了净生态系统交换(NEE),提高了生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)。
(3)研究多源固废联合碳酸盐矿化菌对西北干旱矿区的土壤改良协同固碳效应,旨在提高土壤质量和碳固存能力,达到固废消纳和生态恢复的双重目标。研究成果有助于实现内蒙古矿业环境与经济的可持续发展。
  • 鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项项目(2021ZD社14-16)
  • 内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目(2022MS0516)
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  • 接收时间:2024-01-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31
基金
鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项项目(2021ZD社14-16)
内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目(2022MS0516)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
    2.上海第二工业大学 资源与环境工程学院,上海 200120
    3.伊泰广联煤化有限责任公司红庆河煤矿,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯市 017202

通讯作者:

郑春丽(1979—),女,内蒙古包头人,博士,教授,主要从事矿区污染土壤修复研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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