Article(id=1322594563286483594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708963200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260716506, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260716506, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260716506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260716506, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=63, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594563554919051, articleId=1322594563286483594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Shape Characteristics of Ore Drawing Body Under the Synergistic Effect of Moisture Content and Fine Particle Content, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The shape of the ore draw-out body is the basis for determining the stope structural parameters of the non-pillar sublevel caving method, and the ore moisture content and the fine particle content are the two important factors affecting the shape of the ore drawing body. Taking the ore under the overlying rock of an iron ore caving stope as the research object, the similar physical experiment and numerical simulation of ore drawing were carried out under the conditions of ore moisture content of 0−8% and fine particle content of 5%−25%. The values of λ1and λ2 of the vertical and horizontal axis ratios were used as indicators to evaluate the shape of the ore drawing body, and the shape characteristics of the ore drawing body under the synergistic effect of moisture content and fine particle content were explored. The results show that the values of λ1 and λ2 of drawing body of physical ore drawing test are consistent with those of the numerical simulation. With the decrease of moisture content or fine particle content, the values of λ1 and λ2 of the drawing body decrease, and the shape of the drawing body is closer to the shape of pour water drop. On the contrary, the closer the shape of the drawing body is to the ellipsoid shape. When the moisture content of the ore is 0 and the fine particle content is 5%, the shape of the drawing body is the best, and the ore drawing effect is the best. When the moisture content of the ore is 8% and the fine particle content is 15%−25%, the ore drawing is blocked and the ore drawing effect is the worst. When the moisture content is 2% and the fine particle content changes in the range of 5%−25%, or the fine particle content is 10% and the moisture content changes in the range of 0−8%, the change of the values of λ1 and λ2 of the drawing body is the smallest, and the shape of the drawing body is the least affected by the synergistic effect of moisture content and fine particles. The research results provide a reference for the optimization of stope structure parameters of the non-pillar sublevel caving method.

, authors=Jun ZHANG1, Yanzhang LIU1, 2, Wenjie WANG1, 2, Mingwei SUN3, Zhongying WU1, Puda HU1, authorsList=Jun ZHANG, Yanzhang LIU, Wenjie WANG, Mingwei SUN, Zhongying WU, Puda HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanzhang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594567753417378, articleId=1322594563286483594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

矿石放出体形态是确定无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数的基础,而矿石含水率与细颗粒含量是影响放出体形态的两大重要因素。以某铁矿崩落采场覆岩下矿石为研究对象,在矿石含水率为0~8%与细颗粒含量为5%~25%的条件下进行了放矿相似物理试验与数值模拟研究,将竖横轴比λ1、λ2作为评价放出体形态的指标,探究含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征。结果表明:物理放矿试验与数值模拟放出体的λ1、λ2值具有一致性。随含水率或细颗粒含量减少,放出体λ1、λ2值随之减少,放出体形态越接近“倒水滴”形;反之,放出体形态越接近“椭球”形。当矿石含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,放出体形态发育最好,放矿效果最佳;当矿石含水率为8%且细颗粒含量为15%~25%,放矿发生堵塞,放矿效果最差。当含水率为2 %且细颗粒含量在5%~25%范围变化,或细颗粒含量为10%且含水率在0~8%范围变化时,放出体的λ1、λ2值变化均最小,此时放出体形态受含水率与细颗粒协同影响最小。研究成果对无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数的优化提供了参考。

, authors=张军1, 刘艳章1, 2, 王文杰1, 2, 孙明伟3, 武忠英1, 胡谱达1, authorsList=张军, 刘艳章, 王文杰, 孙明伟, 武忠英, 胡谱达, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘艳章, authorNote=

张军(1996—),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学。E-mail:

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刘艳章(1969—),男,湖北汉川人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学、矿山测试技术。E-mail:
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2023, 30 (47): 104374-10438., articleTitle=Preventing water inrush hazards in coal mines by coal gangue backfilling in gobs: influences of the particle size and stress on seepage characteristics, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322594576343352041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, awardId=51974206, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974206), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322594568139293348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594568151876261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, companyId=1322594568139293348, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594568160264870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, companyId=1322594568139293348, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322594569586328231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594569590522536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, companyId=1322594569586328231, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgical Mineral Resources in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594569598911145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, companyId=1322594569586328231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.冶金矿产资源高效利用与造块湖北省重点试验室,湖北 武汉 430081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322594569678602922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594569686991531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, companyId=1322594569678602922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.WISCO Resources Group Jinshandian Mining Co., Ltd., Huangshi, Hubei 435116, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322594569699574444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, companyId=1322594569678602922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.武钢资源集团金山店矿业有限公司,湖北 黄石市 435116)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322594574225228503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=End ore drawing test device, figureFileSmall=B8WWwjNptW9YkrknYErfBg==, figureFileBig=66bQkI4Vngc+JBs1NoH4UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574279754456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=图1, caption=端部放矿物理试验装置, figureFileSmall=B8WWwjNptW9YkrknYErfBg==, figureFileBig=66bQkI4Vngc+JBs1NoH4UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574472692441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ratio of vertical and horizontal axis of ore drawing body in the vertical direction of drift, figureFileSmall=b5YMorysnQ20Lwb0CHiQkg==, figureFileBig=X9Yl8euMlzpIcLxSFRYbrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574548189914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=图2, caption=垂直进路方向矿石放出体竖横轴比值, figureFileSmall=b5YMorysnQ20Lwb0CHiQkg==, figureFileBig=X9Yl8euMlzpIcLxSFRYbrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574606910171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ratio of vertical and horizontal axis of ore drawing body along the direction of drift, figureFileSmall=kbhG77qHRfJB97rLQy/19A==, figureFileBig=n0KXM5QIFTheo4zn0WiOOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574669824732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=图3, caption=沿进路方向矿石放出体竖横轴比值, figureFileSmall=kbhG77qHRfJB97rLQy/19A==, figureFileBig=n0KXM5QIFTheo4zn0WiOOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574728544989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Discrete element model of end ore drawing, figureFileSmall=dfWdX+Mz7Z0yjQzQ0Sj+qg==, figureFileBig=CB8kVWcu6b1hyU5IKMGWzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574795653854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=图4, caption=离散元端部放矿模型, figureFileSmall=dfWdX+Mz7Z0yjQzQ0Sj+qg==, figureFileBig=CB8kVWcu6b1hyU5IKMGWzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574862762719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Numerical simulation results of ore drawing body shape, figureFileSmall=gQTeRvP+mKzF+yL400Em0w==, figureFileBig=9PrgA8yXpayoNzQCCyDazw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594574934065888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=图5, caption=矿石放出体形态数值模拟结果, figureFileSmall=gQTeRvP+mKzF+yL400Em0w==, figureFileBig=9PrgA8yXpayoNzQCCyDazw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594575009563361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Test schemes of end ore drawing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
级配方案含水率方案
Ai编号粒径范围/mm质量占比/%B1(0%)B2(2%)B3(4%)B4(6%)B5(8%)
A11(0,100]5A1B1A1B2A1B3A1B4A1B5
2(100,200]10
3(200,300]40
4(300,400]30
5(400,500]15
A21(0,100]10A2B1A2B2A2B3A2B4A2B5
2(100,200]15
3(200,300]35
4(300,400]28
5(400,500]12
A31(0,100]15A3B1A3B2A3B3A3B4A3B5
2(100,200]20
3(200,300]30
4(300,400]25
5(400,500]10
A41(0,100]20A4B1A4B2A4B3A4B4A4B5
2(100,200]28
3(200,300]25
4(300,400]20
5(400,500]7
A51(0,100]25A5B1A5B2A5B3A5B4A5B5
2(100,200]30
3(200,300]20
4(300,400]20
5(400,500]5
), ArticleFig(id=1322594575118615266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

端部放矿试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
级配方案含水率方案
Ai编号粒径范围/mm质量占比/%B1(0%)B2(2%)B3(4%)B4(6%)B5(8%)
A11(0,100]5A1B1A1B2A1B3A1B4A1B5
2(100,200]10
3(200,300]40
4(300,400]30
5(400,500]15
A21(0,100]10A2B1A2B2A2B3A2B4A2B5
2(100,200]15
3(200,300]35
4(300,400]28
5(400,500]12
A31(0,100]15A3B1A3B2A3B3A3B4A3B5
2(100,200]20
3(200,300]30
4(300,400]25
5(400,500]10
A41(0,100]20A4B1A4B2A4B3A4B4A4B5
2(100,200]28
3(200,300]25
4(300,400]20
5(400,500]7
A51(0,100]25A5B1A5B2A5B3A5B4A5B5
2(100,200]30
3(200,300]20
4(300,400]20
5(400,500]5
), ArticleFig(id=1322594575198307043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Particle sizes of ore/rock for the physicat test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料类别实际粒径/ mm试验粒径/ mm
矿石(0,100]0~1
(100,200]1~2
(200,300]2~3
(300,400]3~4
(400,500]4~5
废石(1 000,1 500]10~15
), ArticleFig(id=1322594575273804516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

物理试验矿岩的粒径

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料类别实际粒径/ mm试验粒径/ mm
矿石(0,100]0~1
(100,200]1~2
(200,300]2~3
(300,400]3~4
(400,500]4~5
废石(1 000,1 500]10~15
), ArticleFig(id=1322594575626126053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Shape data of ore drawing body obtained from physical test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类别竖向长半轴/cm垂直进路方向短半轴/cm沿进路方向短半轴/cm偏移角进路方向/(°)
含水率/%细颗粒质量占比/%
052410.309.806
10249.409.106
15248.708.145
20247.907.615
25246.706.504
25248.907.716
10248.207.236
15247.416.956
20246.845.664
25245.705.104
45246.955.654
10245.744.743
15244.323.482
20243.622.692
25243.542.612
65246.225.874
10245.585.184
15245.144.334
20244.863.893
25244.383.563
85245.545.054
10245.004.874
1524———
2024———
2524———
), ArticleFig(id=1322594576032973542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

物理试验矿石放出体形态数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类别竖向长半轴/cm垂直进路方向短半轴/cm沿进路方向短半轴/cm偏移角进路方向/(°)
含水率/%细颗粒质量占比/%
052410.309.806
10249.409.106
15248.708.145
20247.907.615
25246.706.504
25248.907.716
10248.207.236
15247.416.956
20246.845.664
25245.705.104
45246.955.654
10245.744.743
15244.323.482
20243.622.692
25243.542.612
65246.225.874
10245.585.184
15245.144.334
20244.863.893
25244.383.563
85245.545.054
10245.004.874
1524———
2024———
2524———
), ArticleFig(id=1322594576129442535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Particle attribute values of ore drawing numerical model for different schemes

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方案颗粒与墙体的摩擦因数颗粒的摩擦因数墙体刚度/Pa颗粒刚度/Pa颗粒间黏结强度/Pa
AiB10.500.461×1081×1073.9×104
AiB20.550.501×1081×1074.4×104
AiB30.610.521×1081×1075.1×104
AiB40.670.571×1081×1076.4×104
AiB50.690.611×1081×1076.8×104
), ArticleFig(id=1322594576221717224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594563286483594, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同方案的放矿数值模型颗粒属性值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案颗粒与墙体的摩擦因数颗粒的摩擦因数墙体刚度/Pa颗粒刚度/Pa颗粒间黏结强度/Pa
AiB10.500.461×1081×1073.9×104
AiB20.550.501×1081×1074.4×104
AiB30.610.521×1081×1075.1×104
AiB40.670.571×1081×1076.4×104
AiB50.690.611×1081×1076.8×104
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含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征研究
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张军 1 , 刘艳章 1, 2 , 王文杰 1, 2 , 孙明伟 3 , 武忠英 1 , 胡谱达 1
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(1): 63-70
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (1) : 63 -70
含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征研究
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张军1 , 刘艳章1, 2 , 王文杰1, 2, 孙明伟3, 武忠英1, 胡谱达1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 2.冶金矿产资源高效利用与造块湖北省重点试验室,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 3.武钢资源集团金山店矿业有限公司,湖北 黄石市 435116
通讯作者:
刘艳章(1969—),男,湖北汉川人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学、矿山测试技术。E-mail:
作者简介:

张军(1996—),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学。E-mail:

Study on the Shape Characteristics of Ore Drawing Body Under the Synergistic Effect of Moisture Content and Fine Particle Content
Jun ZHANG1 , Yanzhang LIU1, 2 , Wenjie WANG1, 2, Mingwei SUN3, Zhongying WU1, Puda HU1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgical Mineral Resources in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
  • 3.WISCO Resources Group Jinshandian Mining Co., Ltd., Huangshi, Hubei 435116, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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矿石放出体形态是确定无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数的基础,而矿石含水率与细颗粒含量是影响放出体形态的两大重要因素。以某铁矿崩落采场覆岩下矿石为研究对象,在矿石含水率为0~8%与细颗粒含量为5%~25%的条件下进行了放矿相似物理试验与数值模拟研究,将竖横轴比λ1、λ2作为评价放出体形态的指标,探究含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征。结果表明:物理放矿试验与数值模拟放出体的λ1、λ2值具有一致性。随含水率或细颗粒含量减少,放出体λ1、λ2值随之减少,放出体形态越接近“倒水滴”形;反之,放出体形态越接近“椭球”形。当矿石含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,放出体形态发育最好,放矿效果最佳;当矿石含水率为8%且细颗粒含量为15%~25%,放矿发生堵塞,放矿效果最差。当含水率为2 %且细颗粒含量在5%~25%范围变化,或细颗粒含量为10%且含水率在0~8%范围变化时,放出体的λ1、λ2值变化均最小,此时放出体形态受含水率与细颗粒协同影响最小。研究成果对无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数的优化提供了参考。

无底柱分段崩落法  /  含水率  /  细颗粒含量  /  矿石放出体  /  竖横轴比

The shape of the ore draw-out body is the basis for determining the stope structural parameters of the non-pillar sublevel caving method, and the ore moisture content and the fine particle content are the two important factors affecting the shape of the ore drawing body. Taking the ore under the overlying rock of an iron ore caving stope as the research object, the similar physical experiment and numerical simulation of ore drawing were carried out under the conditions of ore moisture content of 0−8% and fine particle content of 5%−25%. The values of λ1and λ2 of the vertical and horizontal axis ratios were used as indicators to evaluate the shape of the ore drawing body, and the shape characteristics of the ore drawing body under the synergistic effect of moisture content and fine particle content were explored. The results show that the values of λ1 and λ2 of drawing body of physical ore drawing test are consistent with those of the numerical simulation. With the decrease of moisture content or fine particle content, the values of λ1 and λ2 of the drawing body decrease, and the shape of the drawing body is closer to the shape of pour water drop. On the contrary, the closer the shape of the drawing body is to the ellipsoid shape. When the moisture content of the ore is 0 and the fine particle content is 5%, the shape of the drawing body is the best, and the ore drawing effect is the best. When the moisture content of the ore is 8% and the fine particle content is 15%−25%, the ore drawing is blocked and the ore drawing effect is the worst. When the moisture content is 2% and the fine particle content changes in the range of 5%−25%, or the fine particle content is 10% and the moisture content changes in the range of 0−8%, the change of the values of λ1 and λ2 of the drawing body is the smallest, and the shape of the drawing body is the least affected by the synergistic effect of moisture content and fine particles. The research results provide a reference for the optimization of stope structure parameters of the non-pillar sublevel caving method.

Non-pillar sublevel caving method  /  Moisture content  /  Fine particle content  /  Ore drawing body  /  Vertical and horizontal axis ratio
张军, 刘艳章, 王文杰, 孙明伟, 武忠英, 胡谱达. 含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 63 -70 .
Jun ZHANG, Yanzhang LIU, Wenjie WANG, Mingwei SUN, Zhongying WU, Puda HU. Study on the Shape Characteristics of Ore Drawing Body Under the Synergistic Effect of Moisture Content and Fine Particle Content[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 63 -70 .
无底柱分段崩落法被广泛应用于金属矿山地下开采[1-2]。端部放矿是实现无底柱分段崩落法的基础,因此,开展端部放矿物理试验,深入了解矿石放出体形态的特征和形成机制具有重要意义。某铁矿的生产实践表明,矿石放出效果总是处于波动状态,调研分析发现含水率与细颗粒含量对矿石放出效果影响较大。为保证矿山开采稳定且持续达到放矿最佳效果,研究含水率与细颗粒含量对矿石放出体形态特征的协同影响,可为优化无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数提供参考[3-4]。
在过去的几十年里,大量学者针对放出体形态进行了深入研究[5-6]。学者们以椭球体放矿理论[7]、随机介质放矿理论[8]以及Bergmark-Roos方程放矿理论[9]为基础,通过理论分析、相似试验、数值模拟确定无底柱分段崩落法的最优采场结构参数,以及进行椭球体形态几何排优和效果验证。还有部分学者采用放矿相似试验从单因素的角度研究了矿石含水率、细颗粒含量对矿石流动性的影响[10-14]。研究表明,当矿石含水率在临界值以下,矿石流动性随着含水率的逐渐增加而变差,当含水率超过临界值,流动性逐渐变好。当矿石细颗粒含量较高时,容易出现矿石黏结成拱的现象,从而使得矿石放出困难。随着离散元软件在模拟放矿方面的应用,数值模拟也被大量应用于分析崩落采场覆岩下的矿石流动特性[15-16]。上述研究倾向于从单一因素分析矿石的流动性,对于含水率与细颗粒含量对矿石放出体形态特征的协同影响研究涉及较少。
本文以某铁矿崩落采场覆岩下矿石为研究对象,开展端部放矿物理试验与数值模拟,探究矿石含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下矿石放出体形态特征,为无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数的优化选择提供参考。
对某铁矿山的矿石含水率以及崩落采场覆岩下矿石颗粒级配进行了调研分析。该矿山的矿石含水率随季节降雨量不同波动幅度较大,矿石最大含水率不超过9%,旱季的矿石含水率为4%左右,雨季的矿石含水率在8%左右,一般控制在6%左右。采用照片法测量矿石散体的粒径组成,矿石粒径主要集中在0~500 mm的范围内,其中细颗粒含量(0~100 mm粒径)在5%~25%之间,一般情况为15%左右。该铁矿山采用无底柱分段崩落法进行开采,采场分段高度为15 m,进路间距为16 m。矿山日常生产中发现矿石放出效果总是处于波动状态,调研发现含水率与细颗粒含量对矿石放出效果影响较大。因此,开展了端部放矿试验并研究含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征,根据矿石放出体形态选取最佳的矿石含水率与细颗粒含量。
根据某铁矿实际生产中的矿石含水率和细颗粒含量的分布范围,设计含水率为0、2%、4%、6%和8 %,细颗粒质量含量为5%、10%、15%、20%和25%,开展不同的含水率与细颗粒含量组合下的放矿试验,试验研究方案见表1。试验组共25组,每组重复3次。在放矿试验中,当颗粒流到放矿口时,由于磨损发生矿石破碎,对此影响可忽略不计。
根据某铁矿山工程实际情况考虑不同含水率及细颗粒含量因素协同影响的矿石放出体形态特征研究。为定量评价崩落采场覆岩下放矿的矿石放出体形态的变化,采用垂直进路方向的放出体竖横轴比λ1、沿进路方向的λ2作为矿石放出体形态特征的定量评价指标。其中,放出体竖横轴比λ1、λ2值越小,放出体横向发育越好,横向短轴越大;反之,则越小。
式中:a为放出体的竖向长半轴,cm;b为垂直进路方向的放出体横向短半轴,cm;c为沿进路方向的放出体横向短半轴,cm。
根据某铁矿山实际采场结构参数按尺寸相似比1:100制作端部放矿物理试验装置,见图1,装置尺寸为40 cm×40 cm×80 cm(长×宽×高)。侧面的放矿口尺寸为3.6 cm× 3.4 cm(宽×高)。装置四面挡板选用透明玻璃板,装置底板采用硬质塑料材料。
试验所使用的矿岩材料取自该铁矿山采场的矿石和废石,将所取矿岩材料破碎、筛分和烘干处理后,按相似比1:100配置矿量。试验所用矿岩材料粒径见表2。
在试验装置内每隔8 cm设置1层标志颗粒,共6层,在最上层标志颗粒上方填装32 cm厚的废石。根据达孔量法确定含水率与细颗粒含量协同作用下的放出体形态数据见表3。
根据表3中数据,用式(1)计算矿石放出体的竖横轴比,结果见图2。由图2可知,在含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,矿石放出体竖横轴比取得最小值,为2.3;在含水率为4%且细颗粒含量为25%时取得最大值,为6.8。细颗粒含量在5%~10%的范围内时,随着含水率的增加,矿石放出体的竖横轴比随之增加,放出体发育逐渐变差。细颗粒含量在15%~20%范围内时,随着含水率的增加,矿石放出体的竖横轴比先增加后减小,放出体发育先逐渐变差,而含水率超过4%时稍有改善。同一含水率方案下,随着细颗粒含量增加,矿石放出体竖横轴比随之增加,放出体发育逐渐变差。
当细颗粒含量一定时,随着矿石含水率的增加,不同试验组矿石放出体竖横轴比极差分别为2, 1.9, 2.8, 3,3.6,其中第二组细颗粒含量的矿石放出体极差最小。因此可得出:在细颗粒含量为10%的条件下,含水率在0%~8%的范围变化时,放出体竖横轴比变化最小。当含水率一定时,随着细颗粒含量的增加,不同试验组矿石放出体竖横轴比极差分别为1.3, 1.2, 3.3, 1.6, 4.3,其中第二组含水率的矿石放出体极差最小。因此可得出:在含水率为2%的条件下,细颗粒含量在5%~25%的范围变化时,放出体竖横轴比变化最小。
根据表3中数据,用式(1)计算矿石放出体的竖横轴比,结果见图3。由图3可知,沿进路方向的矿石放出体竖横轴比随矿石含水率和细颗粒含量的变化规律,与垂直进路方向的竖横轴比的变化规律一致。在含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,进路方向的矿石放出体竖横轴比取得最小值,为2.5;在含水率为4%且细颗粒含量为25%时,进路方向的矿石放出体竖横轴比取得最大值,为9.2。
当细颗粒含量一定时,随着矿石含水率的增加,不同试验组矿石放出体竖横轴比极差分别为2.8, 2.7, 2.9, 3.2, 3.8,其中第二组细颗粒含量的矿体放出体极差最小。因此可得出:在细颗粒含量为10%的条件下,含水率在0~8%的范围变化时,放出体竖横轴比变化最小。当含水率一定时,随着细颗粒含量的增加,不同试验组矿石放出体竖横轴比极差分别为1.3, 1.2, 5,2.2, 5.3,其中第二组含水率矿石放出体极差最小。因此可得出:在含水率为2%的条件下,细颗粒含量在5%~25%的范围变化时,放出体竖横轴比变化最小。
综合考虑含水率和细颗粒含量两个因素,当矿石含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,放出体形态发育最好,放出体形态呈现“倒水滴”形;当矿石含水率为4%且细颗粒含量为25%时,放出体形态发育最差,放出体形态呈现“椭球”形;当矿石含水率为8%且细颗粒含量为15%~25%时,放矿发生堵塞,放矿停止。当含水率为2%且细颗粒含量在5%~25%的范围内,或细颗粒含量为10%且含水率在0~8%的范围内时,两个矿石放出体竖横轴比(λ1、λ2)的变化最小,此时能取得最佳放矿效果。
考虑三维模型体量大、运算速度低,所以建立二维模型对典型剖面进行模拟。根据某矿山实际采场结构参数建立的端部放矿数值模型如图4所示。绿色颗粒代表矿石,蓝色颗粒代表废石(颜色标识见电子版),颗粒接触模型采用无黏结模型,颗粒生成采用半径扩大法。通过休止角试验标定的放矿数值模型颗粒属性值[17-18]见表4,其中i=1,2,3,4,5。
限于篇幅,本文给出一部分含水率与细颗粒含量协同作用下的放出体形态数值模拟结果,如图5所示。
根据端部放矿物理试验和数值模拟试验结果可知,当矿石含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,放出体形态发育最好,放出体形态呈现“倒水滴”形;当矿石含水率为4%且细颗粒含量为25%时,放出体形态发育最差,放出体形态呈现“椭球”形。当矿石含水率为8%且细颗粒含量为15%~25%时,放矿发生堵塞,放矿停止。当含水率为2%且细颗粒含量在5%~25%的范围内变化,或细颗粒含量为10%且含水率在0~8%的范围内变化,放出体的竖横轴比值变化最小。导致上述原因可能是随着含水率的增加,矿石内部结构发生改变,导致颗粒间的相互作用力发生变化。当水分增加时,水填充颗粒之间的间隙,产生黏附力,从而增加颗粒之间的摩擦力。此外,水分的存在也可能导致颗粒之间产生胶结作用,造成矿石流动性变差[19]。当细颗粒含量在15%~25%的范围内且矿石含水率达到8%时,由于颗粒间作用力达到临界值,矿石会形成“拱”,导致放矿停止。随着细颗粒占比的增加,细颗粒之间的空隙减小,这会导致颗粒之间的运动受到阻碍,从而增加颗粒堆积形成的阻力。而阻力的增加会使得颗粒之间的摩擦力也相应增加,进而增大矿石颗粒之间的相互作用力。另外,细颗粒往往会填充在粗颗粒之间的空隙中,导致矿石堆积密度增加。由于空隙减少,矿石内部颗粒之间的流动路径被阻断,从而使矿石的流动性变差[20]。
该矿山开拓已经完成,采场分段高度已不能改变,但进路间距可以改变,而矿石放出体形态是优化进路间距的基础。根据式(2)确定进路间距:
式中:l为进路间距,m;λ为放出体竖横轴比;bh为进路宽度,m。
由上述试验可知,当含水率为2%、细颗粒含量在10%时,放出体λ值变化最小,此时放矿效果最佳。根据式(2)计算得出含水率与细颗粒含量协同作用下采场进路间距为l=13.85 m。
通过几何分析可得放矿步距的计算公式为:
式中:L为放矿步距,m;θ为近似椭球长轴方向与端壁的夹角(2°~6°)。
将a、c和θ=6°代入式(3)中,得出放矿步距L=7.63 m。
崩矿步距B:
式中,K为挤压爆破条件下的矿岩松散系数。
依据某铁矿实际情况取K=1.3,则崩矿步距B=5.87 m。所以当分段高度为15 m时,可以初步确定最优的结构参数组合为:进路间距14 m,崩矿步距5.9 m。
以某铁矿崩落采场覆岩下矿石为研究对象,对矿石含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的端部放矿进行了物理相似模拟试验与数值模拟研究,讨论不同含水率与细颗粒含量的矿石放出体竖横轴比值,分析了矿石含水率与细颗粒含量协同影响下的矿石放出体形态特征,得出结论如下。
(1)当矿石含水率为0且细颗粒含量为5%时,放出体形态呈现“倒水滴”形,放出体形态发育最好;当矿石含水率为4%且细颗粒含量为25%时,放出体形态呈现“椭球”形,放出体形态发育最差;当矿石含水率为8%且细颗粒含量为15%~25%时,放矿发生堵塞,放矿停止。
(2)当矿石含水率为2%且细颗粒含量在5%~25%的范围内变化,或细颗粒含量为10%且含水率在0%~8%的范围内变化时,矿石放出体的竖横轴比值变化最小,含水率与细颗粒含量对矿石放出体形态的协同影响最小,此时放矿能取得最佳放矿效果。
(3)该矿山应根据季节降水量增设排水设施,并尽可能控制矿石含水率不超过2%,细颗粒含量约为10%。在该条件下且分段高度为15 m时,可以初步确定进路间距为14 m,崩矿步距为5.9 m。但该组结构参数的合理性有待矿山工业试验进一步验证。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974206)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-27
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974206)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081
    2.冶金矿产资源高效利用与造块湖北省重点试验室,湖北 武汉 430081
    3.武钢资源集团金山店矿业有限公司,湖北 黄石市 435116

通讯作者:

刘艳章(1969—),男,湖北汉川人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山岩石力学、矿山测试技术。E-mail:
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