Article(id=1322594535583101494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260709900, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260709900, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260709900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260709900, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594535843148343, articleId=1322594535583101494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Rock Burst Characteristics Induced by Cyclic Disturbance in Deep Tunnels Under High-Stress Conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The disturbance such as deep engineering blasting and excavation is prone to induce rock burst. To study the conditions and characteristics of rock burst induced by cyclic disturbance in deep tunnels under different stress conditions, granite specimens with semi-circular arches penetrating the tunnel were used to conduct true triaxial disturbance rockburst tests. The occurrence conditions, characteristics of rock burst in deep engineering, the evolution process of acoustic emission, and the energy evolution characteristics inside the rock were analyzed. The test results are concluded as follows. Firstly, when the disturbance amplitude exceeds 10 MPa, rock burst will occur in the specimen. For every additional 10 MPa of disturbance amplitude, the time from the start of disturbance loading to the occurrence of rock burst in the specimen is reduced by about 30%. The greater the disturbance amplitude, the more severe the damage to the specimen, and the more shear cracks on the rock surface. Secondly, cyclic disturbance significantly promotes the generation and extension of shear cracks. The disturbance not only increases the number of shear cracks but also accelerates the speed of crack propagation. Thirdly, the accumulated elastic strain energy inside the specimen increases with the increase of disturbance amplitude. When the specimen fails, these accumulated energies are rapidly released, leading to more severe failure of the specimen.

, authors=Zhanjin LI1, 2, Ziqiong LIU1, Qun LI1, 2, Rui LIANG1, Sihao YANG1, Zihao HU1, authorsList=Zhanjin LI, Ziqiong LIU, Qun LI, Rui LIANG, Sihao YANG, Zihao HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594540800815702, articleId=1322594535583101494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=高应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆特征试验研究, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

深部工程爆破开挖等扰动容易诱发岩爆。为研究不同应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆的条件及岩爆特征,利用含直墙半圆拱形贯穿巷道的花岗岩试件开展真三轴扰动岩爆试验,分析深部工程岩爆的发生条件、岩爆特征、声发射演变过程以及岩石内部能量演化特征。试验结果表明:扰动幅值大于10 MPa时试件会发生岩爆,扰动幅值每增加10 MPa,从开始扰动加载到试件发生岩爆破坏的时间就相应减少30%左右,扰动幅值越大试件破坏越剧烈,岩石表面产生的剪切裂纹越多;循环扰动对剪切裂纹的产生与扩展起到显著的促进作用,扰动不仅增加了剪切裂纹的数量,还加速了裂纹的扩展速度;试件内部积聚的弹性应变能随扰动幅值的增大而提高,当试件发生破坏时,这些积聚的能量会迅速释放,导致试件破坏更加剧烈。

, authors=李占金1, 2, 刘紫琼1, 李群1, 2, 梁锐1, 杨思浩1, 胡子浩1, authorsList=李占金, 刘紫琼, 李群, 梁锐, 杨思浩, 胡子浩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李群, authorNote=

李占金(1968—),男,河北围场人,博士,教授,主要从事采矿工程研究与教学工作。E-mail:

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李群(1988—),男,河北唐山人,博士,讲师,主要从事采矿工程与岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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Rock strength and overall failure criteria based on the principles of energy dissipation and release Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005(17):3003-3010., articleTitle=Rock strength and overall failure criteria based on the principles of energy dissipation and release Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322594554331640481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594535583101494, awardId=E2021209131; E2024209024, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021209131; E2024209024), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322594555984196258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594535583101494, awardId=QN2021111, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省高等学校科学技术研究资助项目(QN2021111), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322594541048279639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594535583101494, xref=1., 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Cyclic dynamic disturbance test plans

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试件编号循环动力扰动静应力
扰动幅值
A/MPa
扰动频率
f/Hz
径向应力
σy/MPa
轴向应力
σz/MPa
ZX-A-1523080
ZX-A-21023080
ZX-A-32023080
ZX-A-43023080
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循环动力扰动试验方案

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试件编号循环动力扰动静应力
扰动幅值
A/MPa
扰动频率
f/Hz
径向应力
σy/MPa
轴向应力
σz/MPa
ZX-A-1523080
ZX-A-21023080
ZX-A-32023080
ZX-A-43023080
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高应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆特征试验研究
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李占金 1, 2 , 刘紫琼 1 , 李群 1, 2 , 梁锐 1 , 杨思浩 1 , 胡子浩 1
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(1): 1-8
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (1) : 1 -8
高应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆特征试验研究
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李占金(1968—),男,河北围场人,博士,教授,主要从事采矿工程研究与教学工作。E-mail:

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李占金1, 2 , 刘紫琼1, 李群1, 2 , 梁锐1, 杨思浩1, 胡子浩1
作者信息
  • 1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 2.河北省矿山绿色智能开采技术创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
通讯作者:
李群(1988—),男,河北唐山人,博士,讲师,主要从事采矿工程与岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

李占金(1968—),男,河北围场人,博士,教授,主要从事采矿工程研究与教学工作。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Rock Burst Characteristics Induced by Cyclic Disturbance in Deep Tunnels Under High-Stress Conditions
Zhanjin LI1, 2 , Ziqiong LIU1, Qun LI1, 2 , Rui LIANG1, Sihao YANG1, Zihao HU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 2.Mine Green Intelligent Mining Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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深部工程爆破开挖等扰动容易诱发岩爆。为研究不同应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆的条件及岩爆特征,利用含直墙半圆拱形贯穿巷道的花岗岩试件开展真三轴扰动岩爆试验,分析深部工程岩爆的发生条件、岩爆特征、声发射演变过程以及岩石内部能量演化特征。试验结果表明:扰动幅值大于10 MPa时试件会发生岩爆,扰动幅值每增加10 MPa,从开始扰动加载到试件发生岩爆破坏的时间就相应减少30%左右,扰动幅值越大试件破坏越剧烈,岩石表面产生的剪切裂纹越多;循环扰动对剪切裂纹的产生与扩展起到显著的促进作用,扰动不仅增加了剪切裂纹的数量,还加速了裂纹的扩展速度;试件内部积聚的弹性应变能随扰动幅值的增大而提高,当试件发生破坏时,这些积聚的能量会迅速释放,导致试件破坏更加剧烈。

深部巷道  /  循环扰动  /  扰动幅值  /  岩爆  /  弹性应变能量

The disturbance such as deep engineering blasting and excavation is prone to induce rock burst. To study the conditions and characteristics of rock burst induced by cyclic disturbance in deep tunnels under different stress conditions, granite specimens with semi-circular arches penetrating the tunnel were used to conduct true triaxial disturbance rockburst tests. The occurrence conditions, characteristics of rock burst in deep engineering, the evolution process of acoustic emission, and the energy evolution characteristics inside the rock were analyzed. The test results are concluded as follows. Firstly, when the disturbance amplitude exceeds 10 MPa, rock burst will occur in the specimen. For every additional 10 MPa of disturbance amplitude, the time from the start of disturbance loading to the occurrence of rock burst in the specimen is reduced by about 30%. The greater the disturbance amplitude, the more severe the damage to the specimen, and the more shear cracks on the rock surface. Secondly, cyclic disturbance significantly promotes the generation and extension of shear cracks. The disturbance not only increases the number of shear cracks but also accelerates the speed of crack propagation. Thirdly, the accumulated elastic strain energy inside the specimen increases with the increase of disturbance amplitude. When the specimen fails, these accumulated energies are rapidly released, leading to more severe failure of the specimen.

Deep tunnel  /  Cyclic disturbance  /  Disturbance amplitude  /  Rock burst  /  Elastic strain energy
李占金, 刘紫琼, 李群, 梁锐, 杨思浩, 胡子浩. 高应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆特征试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 1 -8 .
Zhanjin LI, Ziqiong LIU, Qun LI, Rui LIANG, Sihao YANG, Zihao HU. Experimental Study on Rock Burst Characteristics Induced by Cyclic Disturbance in Deep Tunnels Under High-Stress Conditions[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 1 -8 .
深部高地应力[1](通常指将大于20~30 MPa的硬质岩体内的初始应力)环境下,岩体内积聚的应变能在开挖扰动下突然释放,将导致岩爆灾害[2]。岩爆是深部工程中最常见的动力灾害,往往会造成开挖工作面的严重破坏、设备损坏、人员伤亡和财产损失。而开挖爆破、机械钻凿、地震等动力扰动荷载往往是诱发岩爆的重要因素,但是触发岩爆的机制十分复杂,目前在岩石力学领域尚未获得清晰的认知[3]。因此,开展相关的研究对岩爆灾害的预测、预警研究工作至关重要。
为了更加逼真地模拟扰动荷载对深部岩体的影响,一些学者利用真三轴岩爆机进行了室内岩爆试验。杜坤等[4]利用真三轴扰动诱变系统,对花岗岩试件快速卸载最小主应力,并增大最大主应力,然后施加不同方向的扰动荷载来诱发岩石破裂,初步验证了岩爆与扰动荷载的方向有关。苏国韶团队[5]研究了在低频周期扰动荷载作用下改变轴向静应力、第三主应力等对岩爆的影响,发现在试验中各个影响因素均存在发生岩爆的临界值,一旦达到或超过临界值时,岩爆的发生概率将急剧增加。JIANG[6]采用三向六面加载进行岩石试件的扰动试验,发现弱扰动会弱化岩石强度和降低碎屑喷射的动能,并且碎屑喷射的动能与扰动传播方向有关。李占金等[7]对花岗岩施加两种不同类型的动力扰动,发现在动力扰动条件下,存在发生岩爆的阈值,当轴向应力超过该阈值时,岩爆很快发生。冯帆等[8]对红砂岩试样在自然和饱水状态下进行了动力扰动试验,证明了不同含水状态砂岩的裂纹扩展程度与动力扰动频率存在密切相关。
声发射信号是岩石在受力下裂纹扩展时激发产生的,其特征可用于反映岩石在受力过程中裂隙发展、内部应力状态变化和损伤破坏情况[9-10]。文晓泽等[11]开展了不同幅值低频扰动荷载作用下高应力砂岩动态单轴压缩试验,利用声发射参数RA值对砂岩动态破坏进行预测。王炀等[12]利用冲击岩爆设备结合声发射装置,开展了不同周期荷载扰动条件下含圆形孔洞砂岩的真三轴试验,发现声发射累计计数分为快速小幅增长、低速稳定增长和快速大幅增长三个阶段。刘冬桥等[13]开展了不同动载频率条件下的冲击岩爆试验,发现随着动载扰动频率增大,岩爆破坏阶段声发射活动会增强。
以上研究结果对于深入理解扰动荷载对深部岩体破坏机理,以及岩爆预测具有重要指导意义。然而,现有研究主要侧重于使用完整岩石或带有圆形孔洞的岩石进行应力分布研究,而对于复杂应力状态下深部岩体破坏特征的真实模拟能力有限。因此,本文旨在通过对含有预制贯穿直墙拱形的花岗岩试样开展室内岩爆试验,探索在不同应力幅值下深部巷道受循环扰动的岩爆特征。
本次试验的试件取自首钢马城铁矿深部巷道围岩,加工成边长为100 mm的立方体,且含有直径为30 mm的半圆拱直墙贯穿孔洞,如图1所示。为了保证试验结果的精确性,试样经过精细研磨处理,各端面不平行度和不垂直度分别控制在± 0.1 mm和± 0.25°以内,符合ISRM试验标准要求[14]。
试验设备为QKX—YB200扰动岩爆试验机,配套PCI-2声发射监测系统和高速摄像仪,记录试验过程中产生的声发射信号和试验破坏全过程的图像信息。
岩爆试验机主机具备多种静态和动态试验功能,可进行三轴压缩和三向六面加载-单面卸荷试验。静态加载系统轴向最大加载压力为3 200 kN,水平向最大加载压力为2 400 kN,动态加载系统最大加载压力为500 kN。测量精度和加载速率分别为± 0.5%和1.0~10.0 kN/s。位移测控范围均为0~200 mm。同时该设备可输出4种基本波形信号:正弦波、三角波、锯齿波与地震波,其波幅范围为0~1 mm,频率范围为1~10 Hz。
声发射系统可以实时获取岩石内部原生裂隙扩展和新裂隙萌生时所释放的信号,同时进行声发射特征提取、瞬态波形采集、波形流采集及外参数采集和存储。本次试验将声发射仪前置放大器门槛值设置为40 dB,采样门槛值设置为45 dB。
试验开始前在施加30 MPa径向应力的条件下进行静力岩爆试验。测得岩石试件的平均峰值强度为98 MPa。当轴向静应力达到峰值强度的76.5%时,施加循环扰动荷载才会导致岩石试件发生岩爆现象[15]。该静力岩爆试验的目的是为施加动态扰动荷载前确定轴向应力取值提供依据。设计的扰动岩爆试验方案见表1。试验中径向应力的选值来自工程资料;轴向静应力的取值主要参考静力岩爆时的峰值强度;扰动幅值和频率的选择参考胡李华[16]开展的岩爆试验。
将花岗岩试件放在加载装置的中间位置,利用控制系统将试样径向荷载加载至2 kN,轴向荷载加载至5 kN;接着以0.3 mm/min 的加载速率将试件径向荷载加载至30 MPa,轴向荷载加载至80 MPa,且维持轴向应力400 s。然后施加循环扰动荷载,扰动时间设置为600 s,若试件在600 s内未发生破坏则认为该条件下试件不会发生破坏。每组条件下进行不少于3次试验,并选取每组具有代表性的试验结果进行分析。循环动力扰动加载过程如图2所示。
扰动幅值为5 MPa的试件在循环动力扰动了600 s后只发生局部开裂现象,未发生岩爆破坏。扰动幅值大于5 MPa的三组试件均发生不同剧烈程度的岩爆破坏,所以仅对扰动幅值大于5 MPa的三组试件试验过程进行岩爆过程描述。扰动幅值为10 MPa的试件岩爆弹射过程见图3。在动力荷载施加67 s后,试件巷道顶板第一次出现小颗粒弹射现象,再经过5 s,巷道顶板第一次出现片状剥离现象,随后巷道顶板和右帮部剥落大量的细小碎屑并掉落到底板;动力荷载施加189 s时,巷道顶板剥落一块较大的块状碎屑,左帮部出现膨胀鼓裂现象;动力荷载施加205 s时,巷道左右帮部不断向临空面扩张,出现块状、片状碎块剥落并掉落至巷道底板,试件表面出现明显裂隙;随着试验的继续进行,可以听到“砰砰”的声响,试件表面的裂隙完全扩展并贯通,巷道出现片状剥离并伴随大量的细颗粒弹射;动力荷载施加257 s时,岩石表面劈裂成板,巷道内部大量的碎屑朝临空面喷射而出,并伴随着一声巨响,试件发生岩爆破坏。从施加扰动荷载开始至试件发生岩爆的整个过程的持续时间为257 s。
扰动幅值为20 MPa的试件岩爆弹射过程见图4。在动力荷载施加55 s后,试件巷道左帮部开始出现小颗粒弹射现象,又经过18 s后,巷道右帮部不断出现细小颗粒弹射现象。当动力荷载施加122 s时,左帮部不断向自由面剥落片状碎屑,又经过大约13 s后,巷道左右帮部均剥离出块状、片状碎屑,并堆积在巷道底板上;当动力荷载施加165 s时,试件表面出现一条斜裂纹,随着试验的继续进行,巷道内出现堆积大量的碎屑,试件表面的斜裂纹逐渐往底部扩展发育;当动力荷载施加185 s时,听到“嘣”的一声巨响,试样发生了岩爆破坏,表面出现一条贯穿至底部的斜裂隙。整个扰动破坏过程持续185 s。
扰动幅值为30 MPa的试件岩爆弹射过程见图5。从图5中可知,当施加循环扰动荷载时间为50.1 s时,巷道顶板第一次出现小颗粒弹射现象;又经过8 s左右,顶板出现小颗粒弹射和块状剥落,剥落的碎屑掉落在底板上;当动力荷载施加至62.5 s时,巷道左帮部第一次出现鼓裂,巷道右帮部在再经过4.5 s之后也出现鼓裂现象;随着循环扰动继续加载至121.6 s时,试件表面外鼓,出现贯穿的裂隙,又经过6.4 s后,巷道内发生岩爆并伴随着巨大声响,巷道内块状、片状碎屑不断向外弹射剥落,堆积在巷道。整个扰动破坏过程持续128 s。
综合岩爆过程的分析,试件破坏过程大致可以分为巷道顶板出现颗粒弹射,巷道帮部出现膨胀、鼓裂、滑落或崩落直至试件表面出现岩板剥离,块状弹射这几个过程。随着扰动幅值的增加,试件第一次出现细颗粒弹射现象的时间点逐渐变短,在整个试验过程中,试件发生岩爆时所发出的声响随着扰动载荷幅值的提高而增大,破坏程度也愈来愈剧烈。扰动幅值每增加10 MPa,循环扰动加载到试件发生岩爆破坏的时间就相应地减少30%左右。
观察试件的最终破坏形态可以看出,A=10 MPa时试件表面出现岩板剥离,侧面有剪切裂纹出现(见图6)。A=20 MPa时,试件左帮部发生明显的鼓裂现象,一侧面产生岩爆坑,并出现贯穿的剪切裂纹(见图7)。A=30 MPa时,试件发生岩板剥离,一侧产生更深的岩爆坑,同时出现大量劈裂的剪切裂纹(见图8)。这表明,随着扰动载荷幅值增大,试件破坏程度愈加剧烈,产生的剪切裂纹越多越长,岩爆坑的深度、体积逐渐增大,试件完整性变差。
声发射通过采集岩石试件内部微裂纹萌生、发展直至贯通引发岩石发生岩爆这一过程中释放出的弹性应力波,转为电压信号来分析破坏过程中岩石内部的受力情况[17]。
图9为三种不同循环动力扰动幅值的试件破坏过程中声发射振铃计数变化趋势曲线。根据试验过程中应力随时间变化的曲线,将整个岩爆过程划分为初始裂隙压密阶段(阶段Ⅰ)、弹性阶段(阶段Ⅱ)、荷载保持阶段(阶段Ⅲ)、循环动力扰动破坏至残余强度阶段(阶段Ⅳ)4个阶段。
从图9可以看出,在阶段Ⅰ中,岩石内部的原生裂隙和裂纹不断被压实、闭合,声发射信号活动较活跃,振铃计数保持小幅度变化。不同扰动幅值下声发射振铃计数变化趋势基本一致。在阶段Ⅱ中,岩石内部开始产生大量新的裂纹,声发射(AE)活动较强,振铃计数明显增加。在阶段Ⅲ中,新生裂纹稳定扩展,声发射活动减弱,振铃计数下降进入平静期。在阶段Ⅳ中,裂纹贯通直至宏观面破碎,试件发生失稳破坏,并伴随巨响,声发射活动再次活跃,振铃计数迅速上升。
岩石内部不同裂纹形成时,会产生不同的AE信号。很多学者基于声发射参数RA-AF值的相对大小判断裂纹的类型,高RA值、低 AF 值代表岩石形成剪切裂纹,低RA值、高AF值则代表岩石形成张拉裂纹[18-19]。其中,RA为上升时间与幅度的比值,单位为 ms/V;AF为声发射振铃计数与持续时间的比值,单位为 kHz[20]。
依据声发射参数RA-AF的计算方法,分别对不同扰动幅值下试件的声发射数据进行处理,计算出RA-AF值,结果如图10所示。
从三组试件的散点图可以看出,AF值几乎都分布于0~700 kHz,主要聚集在0~200 kHz。RA值主要主要集中在0~1000 ms/V。散点在张拉裂纹和剪切裂纹两个区域均有分布。说明试件在动力扰动下,发生了多次张拉剪切破坏。大部分散点分布在剪切裂纹范围内,说明试件在整个加载扰动过程中产生的剪切裂纹更多,扰动幅值越大,红色区域越贴近RA轴(颜色标识见电子版)。
图11为应力、RA值、AF值随时间的变化。分析图11可发现,不同扰动幅值的岩石试件在初始加载时,均呈现出低RA值高AF值的现象,表明岩石试件内部的张拉裂纹被压密。结合应力随时间的变化曲线,发现施加动力扰动后,RA值迅速增长,呈现高密度分布状态,说明扰动导致更多剪切裂纹的产生。扰动幅值与RA值变化趋势密切相关,幅值越大,RA值也越大。这表明,动力扰动的强度对剪切裂纹的产生与贯通具有显著的促进作用。动力扰动不仅增加了剪切裂纹的数量,还可能加速了裂纹的扩展。由于大量剪切裂纹的产生,岩石试件在静力加载过程中形成的裂纹得以相互贯通,最终导致岩爆现象的发生。
在加载过程中,外界不断对试件做功 W,也可以理解为试件不断地从外界吸收能量,其中一部分吸入的能量以弹性应变能 Ue 的形式储存在岩石内部;另一部分能量用以岩石发生岩爆前裂纹的发展,也可以称为耗散能 Ud[21]。当岩石应力值达到峰值点时,岩石内积聚的弹性应变能迅速释放,裂纹充分贯通,致使岩石彻底破坏。由文献[2]可知,通过对应力应变曲线积分可以得出应力所做的功W和弹性应变能 Ue。
Ud 可以表述为:
式中,σi 和 εi 分别为两个主应力方向上的应力和应变。
通过对应力曲线积分,可以得出外界对扰动幅值为10 MPa、20 MPa、30 MPa的试件所做的功分别为133.1, 159.6, 250.2 kJ,试件的弹性应变能分别为79.3, 85.8, 138.1 kJ,从而可以计算出耗散能分别为53.8, 73.8, 112.1 kJ。
由图12可以明显看出,随着扰动幅值的增加,外界对试件所做的功越来越多,岩石吸收的能量也随之增加。其中一部分能量储存在岩石内部即弹性应变能,当应力达到峰值时,之前储存的弹性应变能会迅速释放,导致岩石发生剧烈的破坏。对于扰动幅值较高的试件,其内部所积累的弹性应变能也相应更高。相较于扰动幅值低的试件,高扰动幅值的试件在破坏过程中弹性应变能的释放表现得更为剧烈,试件碎裂的程度更为严重。
裂纹扩展是能量耗散的主要形式,随着扰动幅值的增加,岩石裂纹的产生以及扩展耗散了更多的能量,这些能量通过产生裂纹的数量以及裂纹的扩展程度表现出来,所以扰动幅值越高,试件产生的裂纹越多,裂纹越贯通,这也与试件的宏观破坏特征相吻合。
本文开展了不同应力条件下深部巷道受循环扰动诱发岩爆的试验,研究了循环扰动下不同扰动幅值对巷道岩爆特征的影响,分析了试件岩爆破坏的力学行为、声发射特征参数以及岩石内部能量,得到以下三点结论。
(1)循环扰动幅值存在阈值效应。当扰动幅值大于5 MPa时,试件对扰动更敏感,易发生岩爆。扰动幅值从10 MPa增大至30 MPa的过程中,每增加10 MPa,试件发生岩爆的有效孕育时间就相应减少约30%。扰动幅值越大,试件破坏越均匀。
(2)试件在破坏过程中产生多次张拉剪切破坏。动力扰动的强度对剪切裂纹的产生与贯通具有显著的促进作用。动力扰动不仅增加了剪切裂纹的数量,还加速了裂纹的扩展速度。
(3)通过分析岩石的能量发现,扰动载荷的幅值越大,积聚在岩石内部的弹性应变能和耗散能越多,岩石的破坏过程越剧烈。
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021209131; E2024209024)
  • 河北省高等学校科学技术研究资助项目(QN2021111)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
基金
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021209131; E2024209024)
河北省高等学校科学技术研究资助项目(QN2021111)
作者信息
    1.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
    2.河北省矿山绿色智能开采技术创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210

通讯作者:

李群(1988—),男,河北唐山人,博士,讲师,主要从事采矿工程与岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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