Article(id=1322594529736245673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260708507, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260708507, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260708507, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260708507, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=262, endPage=268, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594529912406442, articleId=1322594529736245673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on the Effect of Composite Dry Separation Technology on Iron Removal Efficiency of Zhundong Coal, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the unique coal forming environment, the contents of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in Zhundong coal are high, and some mining areas are accompanied by problems such as high iron and high calcium. These elements can cause boiler slagging and pollution during coal combustion, greatly limiting the development and utilization of Zhundong coal. In order to achieve efficient and clean utilization of Zhundong coal and fundamentally reduce the content of alkali metals and iron in Zhundong coal, it has been demonstrated that Fe2O3 in coal ash mainly comes from associated minerals of coal. Therefore, by sorting and reducing the content of coal ash, iron elements in coal can be removed to a certain extent. Several mature sorting technologies were compared and analyzed, it was found that due to the brittle nature of coal in the West Black Mountain mining area of Zhundong coalfield and its susceptibility to water, and it is difficult to improve its quality and utilization through wet sorting technology. The cost of magnetic separation technology equipment is high and the feeding particle size is small, which not only increases the crushing cost, but also doesn't conform to the actual production and sales situation of coal mines. The profit level and production of the composite dry sorting machine are relatively high, which meets the actual production needs of coal mines. It is recommended to use the the composite dry separation technology to improve the quality and reduce iron content of raw coal in the mining area. The composite dry separation technology can reduce about 30% of Fe2O3 of the raw coal ash in the research area, and the sorted clean coal can be subjected to powdering treatment to reduce the iron content in the clean coal to below 20%, thereby meeting the market demand.

, authors=Fenglan MA1, 2, Sai XIONG1, Peng WANG1, Zening CHENG1, Tingting WANG1, authorsList=Fenglan MA, Sai XIONG, Peng WANG, Zening CHENG, Tingting WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594530919039411, articleId=1322594529736245673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=复合式干法分选技术对准东煤除铁效率的影响研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

受独特的成煤环境影响,准东煤中碱金属、碱土金属元素含量高,部分矿区伴有高铁、高钙等问题,这些元素在煤的燃烧过程中会导致锅炉结渣沾污,极大限制了准东煤的开发利用。为了实现准东煤的高效清洁利用,从根本上减少准东煤中碱金属以及铁的含量,通过论证发现,煤灰中Fe2O3主要来源于煤的伴生矿物,因此通过分选降低煤灰含量,可以在一定程度上脱除煤中铁元素。对现有较为成熟的几种分选技术进行了对比分析,受制于准东煤田西黑山矿区煤质较脆,遇水易碎的特点,难以通过湿法分选技术对其进行提质利用;磁选技术设备成本高且入料粒度小,不仅增加破碎成本,也不符合煤矿实际生产销售情况;复合式干选机利润水平、产量较高,符合煤矿实际生产需求,推荐选用复合式干选机分选技术对矿区原煤提质降铁。复合式干选机分选技术可以降低研究区原煤灰中约30%的Fe2O3,将分选后的精煤进行脱粉处理,可将精煤中的铁元素含量降至20%以下,从而满足市场需求。

, authors=马风兰1, 2, 熊赛1, 王鹏1, 程泽宁1, 王婷婷1, authorsList=马风兰, 熊赛, 王鹏, 程泽宁, 王婷婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

马风兰(1987—),女,新疆昌吉人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事准东煤分选降铁提质等方面的研究。E-mail:

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马风兰(1987—),女,新疆昌吉人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事准东煤分选降铁提质等方面的研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594529736245673, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=干选), Keyword(id=1322594535067206109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594529736245673, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=脱铁率)], refs=[Reference(id=1322594536241611241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594529736245673, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=100, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=WANG Y M, LI Y, WANG G J, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y M, LI Y, WANG G J, et al. 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Test results of raw coal floating and sinking

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度级/(g/cm3)C1C2C3C4
占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%
<1.200.4803.434.061.2602.836.050.2683.944.360.4083.950.56
[1.20 1.25)9.4454.128.1420.9553.698.333.4884.4218.445.4454.0611.87
[1.25 1.30)53.8304.228.6251.3304.6111.0750.9805.3322.8342.8434.0915.91
[1.30 1.35)28.8205.3313.4012.1703.9512.2419.6646.1323.8936.8034.4415.88
[1.35 1.40)4.6608.6421.543.5307.2315.528.8647.1924.517.7866.4819.22
[1.40 1.45)1.3959.3422.592.7609.2916.814.62412.5826.803.7918.5032.17
[1.45 1.50)0.4609.6423.853.66018.9826.804.74418.1028.840.0000.000.00
[1.50 1.80]0.07016.8341.152.14531.4831.033.99429.1541.060.66312.6535.95
>1.800.84050.7753.902.19048.4944.793.37457.6767.532.26150.4356.64
合计100.0005.1514.86100.0006.5820.37100.0008.9334.02100.0005.6225.54
), ArticleFig(id=1322594536019313127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322594529736245673, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原煤浮沉试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度级/(g/cm3)C1C2C3C4
占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%占比/%灰分/%Fe2O3/%
<1.200.4803.434.061.2602.836.050.2683.944.360.4083.950.56
[1.20 1.25)9.4454.128.1420.9553.698.333.4884.4218.445.4454.0611.87
[1.25 1.30)53.8304.228.6251.3304.6111.0750.9805.3322.8342.8434.0915.91
[1.30 1.35)28.8205.3313.4012.1703.9512.2419.6646.1323.8936.8034.4415.88
[1.35 1.40)4.6608.6421.543.5307.2315.528.8647.1924.517.7866.4819.22
[1.40 1.45)1.3959.3422.592.7609.2916.814.62412.5826.803.7918.5032.17
[1.45 1.50)0.4609.6423.853.66018.9826.804.74418.1028.840.0000.000.00
[1.50 1.80]0.07016.8341.152.14531.4831.033.99429.1541.060.66312.6535.95
>1.800.84050.7753.902.19048.4944.793.37457.6767.532.26150.4356.64
合计100.0005.1514.86100.0006.5820.37100.0008.9334.02100.0005.6225.54
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复合式干法分选技术对准东煤除铁效率的影响研究
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马风兰 1, 2 , 熊赛 1 , 王鹏 1 , 程泽宁 1 , 王婷婷 1
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(1): 262-268
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (1) : 262 -268
复合式干法分选技术对准东煤除铁效率的影响研究
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马风兰1, 2 , 熊赛1, 王鹏1, 程泽宁1, 王婷婷1
作者信息
  • 1.新疆天池能源有限责任公司,新疆 昌吉回族自治州 831799
  • 2.新疆维吾尔自治区政府投资项目评审中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
作者简介:

马风兰(1987—),女,新疆昌吉人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事准东煤分选降铁提质等方面的研究。E-mail:

Research on the Effect of Composite Dry Separation Technology on Iron Removal Efficiency of Zhundong Coal
Fenglan MA1, 2 , Sai XIONG1, Peng WANG1, Zening CHENG1, Tingting WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Xinjiang Tianchi Energy Co., Ltd., Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang 831799, China
  • 2.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government Investment Project Evaluation Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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受独特的成煤环境影响,准东煤中碱金属、碱土金属元素含量高,部分矿区伴有高铁、高钙等问题,这些元素在煤的燃烧过程中会导致锅炉结渣沾污,极大限制了准东煤的开发利用。为了实现准东煤的高效清洁利用,从根本上减少准东煤中碱金属以及铁的含量,通过论证发现,煤灰中Fe2O3主要来源于煤的伴生矿物,因此通过分选降低煤灰含量,可以在一定程度上脱除煤中铁元素。对现有较为成熟的几种分选技术进行了对比分析,受制于准东煤田西黑山矿区煤质较脆,遇水易碎的特点,难以通过湿法分选技术对其进行提质利用;磁选技术设备成本高且入料粒度小,不仅增加破碎成本,也不符合煤矿实际生产销售情况;复合式干选机利润水平、产量较高,符合煤矿实际生产需求,推荐选用复合式干选机分选技术对矿区原煤提质降铁。复合式干选机分选技术可以降低研究区原煤灰中约30%的Fe2O3,将分选后的精煤进行脱粉处理,可将精煤中的铁元素含量降至20%以下,从而满足市场需求。

准东煤  /  脱铁提质  /  分选技术  /  干选  /  脱铁率

Due to the unique coal forming environment, the contents of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in Zhundong coal are high, and some mining areas are accompanied by problems such as high iron and high calcium. These elements can cause boiler slagging and pollution during coal combustion, greatly limiting the development and utilization of Zhundong coal. In order to achieve efficient and clean utilization of Zhundong coal and fundamentally reduce the content of alkali metals and iron in Zhundong coal, it has been demonstrated that Fe2O3 in coal ash mainly comes from associated minerals of coal. Therefore, by sorting and reducing the content of coal ash, iron elements in coal can be removed to a certain extent. Several mature sorting technologies were compared and analyzed, it was found that due to the brittle nature of coal in the West Black Mountain mining area of Zhundong coalfield and its susceptibility to water, and it is difficult to improve its quality and utilization through wet sorting technology. The cost of magnetic separation technology equipment is high and the feeding particle size is small, which not only increases the crushing cost, but also doesn't conform to the actual production and sales situation of coal mines. The profit level and production of the composite dry sorting machine are relatively high, which meets the actual production needs of coal mines. It is recommended to use the the composite dry separation technology to improve the quality and reduce iron content of raw coal in the mining area. The composite dry separation technology can reduce about 30% of Fe2O3 of the raw coal ash in the research area, and the sorted clean coal can be subjected to powdering treatment to reduce the iron content in the clean coal to below 20%, thereby meeting the market demand.

Zhundong coal  /  Iron removal and quality improvement  /  Sorting technology  /  Dry separation  /  Iron removal rate
马风兰, 熊赛, 王鹏, 程泽宁, 王婷婷. 复合式干法分选技术对准东煤除铁效率的影响研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 262 -268 .
Fenglan MA, Sai XIONG, Peng WANG, Zening CHENG, Tingting WANG. Research on the Effect of Composite Dry Separation Technology on Iron Removal Efficiency of Zhundong Coal[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 262 -268 .
我国能源消费结构正经历显著变化,非化石能源保持跃升发展的势头。我国非化石能源年消费量已占全世界的近四分之一,煤炭消费比重已经下降到56%。我国低阶煤储量约占全国煤炭储量的一半[1],新疆准东煤田是我国目前已知最大的煤田,也是世界上罕见的巨型煤田,预计煤矿储量为3 900亿t,占新疆煤炭储量的17.8%,全国煤炭储量的7.2%[2-3]。主要可采煤层煤类为特低-中灰分、低硫、特低-低磷、高热值的不黏煤(局部为长焰煤)[4-5],可作为优质的火力发电、气化、工业锅炉用煤及民用煤[6]。
然而,准东煤独特的成煤环境导致准东煤中碱金属、碱土金属元素含量高,是世界上典型的高碱金属、碱土金属煤种[7],研究区所在的西黑山组煤还具有高铁的特点。在准东煤燃烧的过程中,碱金属可以催化煤的热反应[8],但是当烟气变冷时,碱金属及其氧化物很容易在烟气中挥发并沉积而产生结渣现象。此外,煤中碱金属和铁元素在低温环境中可能会形成共晶体。这些情况都会导致锅炉出现结渣沾污和高温腐蚀等问题[9-10],严重时甚至会导致锅炉停机。针对准东煤高碱金属、高铁的特性,学者做了大量研究并提出一系列解决方案,主要包括配煤[11]、锅炉换热面处理[12]等方式。配煤会导致燃煤效率降低、发热量降低等问题,锅炉换热面处理还存在部分技术问题。因此,要从根本上杜绝锅炉发生结渣,首先需要减少准东煤中碱金属以及铁的含量。
许多研究表明,灰分、硫、汞等有害成分较高的煤种,其有害成分大部分赋存在煤矸石中[13-15]。分选技术通常基于煤与矸石的粒径、密度、磁性等特性的差异,利用重选、浮选、磁选等手段有效去除煤中矸石。研究表明,通过分选可以有效降低原煤灰分含量以及原煤中有害元素的含量[16-19]。此外,酸性预处理可以很好地去除煤中金属元素,但是酸性试剂的腐蚀性、挥发性较强,造成的环境污染较大[20]。现有成熟的分选技术有干法分选、湿法分选、磁力分选三种类型。湿法分选借助悬浮液,通过浮力作用将密度不同的物料分为浮物和沉物进行分选,湿法分选技术需要使用大量的水资源,与新疆水资源缺乏现状相悖[21]。此外,由于研究区煤具有变质品位低,微孔发达,煤体结构不稳定,易在水中结泥,可浮性差等特点,传统的湿法分离技术效果较差[22]。干法分选主要依据原煤和矸石之间的密度差异,实现物料在垂直方向的分层,相较于湿法分选,干法分选成本更低,在西北干旱地区也更加适用[23]。磁力分选技术依靠物料的磁性差异,在磁场中进行分选[24]。
结合实际情况,干法分选是准东煤田西黑山矿区煤提质的最优选择,现有的干法分选技术包括风力跳汰、风力摇床、复合式干法分选、干法重介质流化床分选[25-26]等。在上述的这些风选技术中,风力跳汰和风力摇床技术主要借助于空气作为分选介质,分选过程中需要持续提供上升气流,最终使精煤和矸石按照密度进行垂向分层,因此对于小粒径原煤的分选效率较低,不符合煤矿生产实际需求。干法重介质分选技术由磁铁矿粉和煤粉组成二元重介质,在压缩空气的作用下,形成密度可调节的流化床层,此项技术分选精度高,仅适用于原煤粒径介于6~100 mm之间的原煤,难以满足煤矿生产需求。复合式干法分选技术依靠自生介质,在振动和气流的协同作用下实现精煤和矸石的分层,同时床底高密度矸石互相挤压碰撞产生的浮力不断将精煤挤出矸石层,增加分选精度,符合煤矿实际生产需求。但是,目前对复合式干法分选技术的研究主要集中在除灰脱硫方面,没有通过复合式干法分选技术脱除煤中其他元素的相关研究。
通过对准东煤田西黑山矿区原煤样品进行筛分、浮沉试验,发现研究区煤灰中氧化铁主要赋存于煤的伴生矿物中,因此可以通过分选脱除煤中无机矿物,进而降低煤灰中氧化铁的含量,助力准东煤清洁、高效燃用。
复合式干法分选机通过床面振动力与背板阻挡,驱动物料做循环翻转运动,通过排料挡板剥离出表层密度最小、灰分较低的部分煤,风力作用一方面加强了物料松散程度,便于按密度分层,另一方面提高了物料流态化过程,加快了分离速度。粉煤和床面上升气流组成了气-固两相混合介质,形成具有一定密度、相对稳定的混合悬浮介质层,密度小的煤悬浮于介质层中从排料边排出,密度大的矸石则下沉到床面被运往矸石端。在振动力离析和风力综合作用下,物料按密度分层,即煤在上层,矸石在下层。床层底部髙密度矸石相互挤压碰撞将低密度煤挤出矸石层,从而使矸石产品得到净化。床面上平行格条形成多个平行槽体,使矿粒受到多次分选,其分选原理类似湿法摇床选煤。传统复合式干法分选机有效分选上限为100 mm,数量效率超过90%。
本文中试验所用样品来自准东煤田西黑山矿区,该矿区煤种为31号不黏煤(31BN),具有低灰、特低硫、中高挥发分、中高发热量等特点,煤中有害元素含量较低。煤灰成分中Na2O、Fe2O3含量较高。研究区内可采煤层有C1、C2、C3、C4煤层,各煤层中不均匀地嵌布了红土结核,其中以C2、C3煤层居多。原煤经过实验室分析得到的工业分析数据如图1所示。
将原煤以及破碎后的煤样筛分,并进行工业分析试验及煤灰中Fe2O3含量的测定。将得到的数据分别进行线性拟合,得到筛分原煤中灰分与煤灰中Fe2O3含量的线性相关系数为0.49,相关性较差,可能是筛分原煤中矸石含量较低,且无大块矸石,导致筛分过程中矸石在小粒径煤中相对富集,破坏了二者的线性关系。破碎后原煤的灰分与煤灰中Fe2O3含量的线性相关系数为0.79,线性关系较好,经破碎后各粒径煤矸石分布较为均匀。因此,本文认为煤灰中Fe2O3与煤中矿物伴生,通过分选降低煤灰水平可以在一定程度上降低研究区煤灰中Fe2O3含量。
为了进一步厘清研究区煤样的密度组成以及不同密度代表的物质质量,对原煤及破碎后煤样进行了浮沉试验,结果见表1。原煤中密度为1.20~1.35 g/cm3的物质占比较大,此外,随着密度的增加,浮沉物的灰分含量和煤灰中Fe2O3含量也逐渐增大,当密度大于1.8 g/cm3时,浮沉物的灰分含量和煤灰中Fe2O3含量突然变大,说明研究区原煤中灰分和煤灰中Fe2O3主要来自密度较大的矸石,因此可以通过降低密度较大的矸石含量来降低原煤中灰分及煤灰中Fe2O3含量。
受成煤条件影响,各煤层煤质存在较大差异,因此试验在各煤层工作面均匀采样,在C1、C2、C3、C4煤层分别设置等量采样点,各取得68.75 t、82.95 t、78.45 t以及70.90 t生产原煤。红土结核分布较少且不均匀,在生产中收集1 t C4煤层红土结核留作分析。
自C1、C2、C3、C4煤层煤样中各缩分出约10t原煤大样,通过200 mm、100 mm、50 mm、25 mm、13 mm、6 mm、3 mm、1 mm、0.5 mm共9个粒级筛分得到各粒级煤样。采用50 mm破碎机对粒径为100 mm以上的原煤样进行破碎,得到破碎级原煤样,对破碎级原煤样进行50 mm、25 mm、13 mm、6 mm、3 mm、1 mm、0.5 mm共7个粒级筛分,得到各粒级破碎级煤样。
根据《煤炭浮沉试验方法》(GB/T 478—2008),设置1.20, 1.25, 1.30, 1.35, 1.40, 1.45, 1.50, 1.60, 1.70, 1.80 g/cm3共10个密度级浮沉,对筛分试验各粒级原煤进行浮沉试验,共计约160组浮沉试验,得到约450个浮沉样品,并对各密度级产品进行干燥、称重、制样处理,进行灰分、水分、硫分与发热量测试。
分别采用6种分选技术方案对研究区煤矿不同煤层的原煤进行分选试验,从精煤产量、灰分、煤灰中Fe2O3含量以及加工成本4个方面进行对比分析,结果如图2所示。C1煤层数据不具代表性,此处略去。
湿法分选技术分选精度整体优于干法分选技术,但是研究区煤矿原煤在浮沉过程中发生多次破碎,煤质较脆,遇水易碎,如图3所示。浅槽重介分选机的分选下限只能达到6 mm,且易产生次生煤泥,对于细粒级煤炭分选效果差;重介旋流器容易产生次生破碎,加剧泥化,恶化分选效果;跳汰分选机对煤的次生破碎少,但分选精度较低。因此,准东煤田西黑山矿区煤层分选技术难以应用湿法分选。
由干法分选技术的分选指标对比可以看出,干法重介分选技术分选精度最高,精煤灰分与煤灰中Fe2O3含量水平最低,精煤产量较高,但该技术加工成本较高,导致整体利润较低。光电分选技术加工成本最低,但相较复合式干选机分选技术其入料粒度窄,精煤产量低,分选精度低,整体利润水平最低。复合式干选机分选技术成本较低,产量较高,但是分选精度较差。
由于干法重介分选技术只能去除和煤单体解离的脉石灰分物和无机硫(主要是黄铁矿硫),而原煤中铁元素主要以FeCO3(菱铁矿)、FeS2(黄铁矿、白铁矿)等形式赋存,多为弱磁性矿物,与煤样磁性差异较小。为实现高效分选,需要对煤样进行细粉碎处理(破碎至0.1 mm以下),使黄铁矿、煤矸石和煤解离,以便生产出低硫、低灰、低污染的洁净煤。
磁选过程中的给料粒度是影响磁选机磁选效果最重要的因素,给矿粒度的大小标志着矿石单体分离度的大小,即磁性矿粒与脉石颗粒分离的程度。如果给入矿石粒度小,说明矿物单体分离度高,能够获得较好的选别指标;如果给入矿石粒度大,说明矿物没有充分解离,单体分离度不高,连生体较多,即仍有部分磁性颗粒与脉石结合在一起。连生体具有一定磁性,使磁选精矿品位降低。因此,要求给入磁选机矿物必须充分达到单体分离。将C1、C2、C3、C4 煤层以及红土结核煤样破碎至0.1 mm以下,给入磁选机进行分选,测试结果如图4 所示。
从图4可以看出,C1煤由于煤灰中Fe2O3含量较低,因此脱铁率较低,C2、C3、C4及红土结核的脱铁率均在27%左右。磁选后精煤中铁元素含量仍处于较高的水平,而且由于煤样中铁元素的赋存矿物与煤样磁性差异较小,选煤用干式磁选机处理能力较低(100 t/h以内)。若采用磁选处理煤样需要同时使用多台磁选机,设备成本高,且在磁选过程中需将煤样破碎至0.1 mm以下进行分选,该粒度煤样无法进行销售。因此,不适合采用磁选方法对煤样进行分选。
通过上述对比分析,由于研究区原煤煤质较脆,遇水易碎,因此难以应用湿法分选;磁选技术设备成本高且入料粒度小,增加了破碎成本;结合不同分选技术下的精煤产量与质量、加工成本进行分选试验,对三种干式分选技术进行综合对比,发现复合式干选机利润水平最高,因此推荐复合式干选机分选技术作为研究区煤矿原煤脱铁降灰的分选技术。
(1)方案1:+100 mm粒级原煤破碎至-50 mm, 100~50 mm粒级原煤不入选,-50 mm自然级与破碎级原煤混合分选。
采用现场毛煤破碎筛分系统将毛煤破碎至500 mm以下,通过100 mm筛分后,筛上+100 mm原煤进入破碎机破碎至-50 mm,形成-50 mm破碎级原煤;筛下-100 mm原煤通过50 mm分级筛筛分,50 mm分级筛筛上的100~50 mm物料作为块精煤产品,筛下-50 mm自然级原煤和破碎级-50 mm原煤混合后进入ZM分选机分选,得到-50 mm精煤和矸石两种产品。各煤层按方案1分选后,C2煤层脱铁率为26.40%、C3煤层脱铁率为11.97%、C4煤层脱铁率为31.37%,C4煤层脱铁效果最好。分选后C2、C3、C4煤层精煤煤灰中Fe2O3含量分别为17.48%、32.06%、20.41%。采用方案1进行分选,C4煤层原煤脱铁率最高,但是精煤煤灰中剩余的铁元素含量仍然较高。
(2)方案2:+100 mm粒径原煤破碎至-50 mm,100~0 mm自然级与-50 mm破碎级原煤混合分选。
毛煤经破碎筛分系统破碎至500 mm以下,先通过100 mm筛分后,筛上+100 mm原煤进入破碎机破碎至-50 mm,筛下-100 mm物料和破碎级-50 mm物料混合后进入ZM分选机分选,得到-100 mm精煤和矸石两种产品。-100 mm精煤通过50 mm分级筛筛分得到100~50 mm块精煤和-50 mm混精煤。各煤层按照方案2分选后,C2煤层脱铁率为30.62%、C3煤层脱铁率为14.40%、C4煤层脱铁率为31.21%,C4煤层脱铁效果最好。分选后C2、C3、C4煤层精煤煤灰中Fe2O3含量分别为16.50%、31.18%、20.46%。由此可见,采用方案2进行分选,C2煤层脱铁效果较好,脱铁后精煤煤灰中铁元素含量降低至20%以下,但是C4煤层脱铁后精煤中铁元素含量仍然较高。
按照上文所述方案进行分选后,精煤灰中Fe2O3含量均有所降低,但是仍旧未达到市场要求,因此,将经过方案1和方案2分选后的精煤进行3 mm脱粉筛分处理,得到50~3 mm精煤和-3 mm粉煤两种产品,筛分效率越高,-3 mm粉煤在50~3 mm精煤中的掺配率越低,可根据产品要求调整掺配率。方案1分选后的精煤,在90%的脱粉效率条件下,精煤Fe2O3脱除效果最佳,C2煤层精煤脱铁率为20.39%,C3煤层精煤脱铁率为15.08%,C4煤层精煤脱铁率为27.12%。经过脱粉处理后,精煤中铁元素含量均小于20%;方案2分选后的精煤,在90%的脱粉效率条件下,精煤Fe2O3脱除效果最佳,C2煤层精煤脱铁率为20.30%,C3煤层精煤脱铁率为15.03%,C4煤层精煤脱铁率为28.21%。经过脱粉处理后,精煤中铁元素含量均小于20%。但脱粉效率为90%时,精煤产率较低,因此,应根据实际情况,选择合适的脱粉效率。
(1)通过筛分和浮沉试验确定了准东煤田西黑山矿区煤中Fe2O3主要赋存在煤的伴生矿物中,通过分选技术降低煤的灰分,可以在一定程度上降低煤灰中Fe2O3含量,实现煤矿原煤的提质。
(2)由于研究区煤的煤质较脆,遇水易碎,因此难以通过湿法分选技术对原煤进行分选;磁选技术设备成本高且入料粒度小,不仅增加破碎成本,也不符合煤矿实际生产销售情况;复合式干选机利润水平、产量较高,符合煤矿实际生产需求,因此复合式干选机分选技术适用于研究区原煤提质降铁。
(3)复合式干选机分选技术可以在一定程度上降低研究区原煤灰中Fe2O3含量,对分选后的精煤进行脱粉处理,-3 mm粉煤脱粉效率为90%时,精煤中的铁元素含量可降至20%以下。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2022A01002)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06
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新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2022A01002)
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    1.新疆天池能源有限责任公司,新疆 昌吉回族自治州 831799
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区政府投资项目评审中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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