Article(id=1322594504641724699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322594503278580030, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709049600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260702524, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260702524, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260702524, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260702524, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594503278580030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='276', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260702199, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260702199, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=17, endPage=23, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594504822079772, articleId=1322594504641724699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation on Desorption Performance of Walking Tracks Based on Ansys, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Reasonable nozzle structural parameters are crucial for the desorption performance of walking tracks of deep-sea mining vehicles. Taking the adherent substrate between the walking tracks of the mining vehicles as the research background, numerical simulation of the walking track desorption effect was carried out using Ansys software for the structural parameters and layout design of the nozzles, and the optimal parameters of the nozzles for the desorption of the walking tracks were determined from the calculations and analysis of the velocity of jet impacting on the track teeth and the distribution of the dynamic pressure on the surface of the track plate. The results show that the cavitation effect of the nozzle is very weak when the submerged depth is 5 000 meters, and the design of the nozzle for deep-sea submerged jets may not consider the cavitation effect. Increasing the diameter of the nozzle can significantly increase the length of the core area of the jet. For diameter straight nozzles which are 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm, the jet velocity starts to decay rapidly around at 0.09 m, 0.2 m and 0.31 m respectively. The optimal desorption effect of the walking track is achieved when 7 straight nozzles with a diameter of 30 mm and a 90° spray angle are used. Numerical simulation results can provide a strong theoretical basis for the study of the desorption performance of seafloor traveling tracks of deep-sea mining vehicles.

, authors=Xianyan QIU1, Mengkun WANG1, Bingzheng CHEN2, authorsList=Xianyan QIU, Mengkun WANG, Bingzheng CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mengkun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594512220832071, articleId=1322594504641724699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于Ansys的行走履带脱附性能数值模拟研究, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

合理的喷嘴结构参数对于深海采矿车行走履带的脱附性能至关重要。以采矿车行走履带间黏附底质为研究背景,针对喷嘴的结构参数和布局设计,运用Ansys软件对行走履带脱附效果进行数值模拟研究,从射流冲击履齿速度和履齿板表面动压分布情况进行计算分析,确定行走履带脱附的最优喷嘴参数。研究结果表明:当淹没深度为5 000 m时,喷嘴的空化作用非常不明显,深海淹没射流的喷嘴设计可不考虑空化效应;增加喷嘴直径能明显增大射流核心区长度,对于10 mm、20 mm和30 mm直径的直形喷嘴,射流速度分别在0.09 m、0.2 m和0.31 m左右开始快速衰减;采用7个直径为30 mm的直形喷嘴且以90°的角度喷射时,行走履带的脱附效果最优。数值模拟结果可为深海采矿车海底行走履带脱附性能研究提供有力的理论依据。

, authors=邱显焱1, 王孟坤1, 陈秉正2, authorsList=邱显焱, 王孟坤, 陈秉正, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王孟坤, authorNote=

邱显焱(1972—),男,湖南桂阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事复杂机械系统振动机理及控制等方面的研究。E-mail:

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王孟坤(1998—),男,河南周口人,硕士研究生,主要从事高压水射流技术与应用等方面的研究。E-mail:
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邱显焱(1972—),男,湖南桂阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事复杂机械系统振动机理及控制等方面的研究。E-mail:

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邱显焱(1972—),男,湖南桂阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事复杂机械系统振动机理及控制等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Structure design of abrasive-flat-jet nozzle for cavity completion of horizontal coalbed methane well[J]. 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基于Ansys的行走履带脱附性能数值模拟研究
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邱显焱 1 , 王孟坤 1 , 陈秉正 2
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(1): 17-23
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (1) : 17 -23
基于Ansys的行走履带脱附性能数值模拟研究
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邱显焱(1972—),男,湖南桂阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事复杂机械系统振动机理及控制等方面的研究。E-mail:

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邱显焱1 , 王孟坤1 , 陈秉正2
作者信息
  • 1.湖南工业大学机械工程学院,湖南 株洲市 412007
  • 2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
通讯作者:
王孟坤(1998—),男,河南周口人,硕士研究生,主要从事高压水射流技术与应用等方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

邱显焱(1972—),男,湖南桂阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事复杂机械系统振动机理及控制等方面的研究。E-mail:

Numerical Simulation on Desorption Performance of Walking Tracks Based on Ansys
Xianyan QIU1 , Mengkun WANG1 , Bingzheng CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
  • 2.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan410012, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25
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合理的喷嘴结构参数对于深海采矿车行走履带的脱附性能至关重要。以采矿车行走履带间黏附底质为研究背景,针对喷嘴的结构参数和布局设计,运用Ansys软件对行走履带脱附效果进行数值模拟研究,从射流冲击履齿速度和履齿板表面动压分布情况进行计算分析,确定行走履带脱附的最优喷嘴参数。研究结果表明:当淹没深度为5 000 m时,喷嘴的空化作用非常不明显,深海淹没射流的喷嘴设计可不考虑空化效应;增加喷嘴直径能明显增大射流核心区长度,对于10 mm、20 mm和30 mm直径的直形喷嘴,射流速度分别在0.09 m、0.2 m和0.31 m左右开始快速衰减;采用7个直径为30 mm的直形喷嘴且以90°的角度喷射时,行走履带的脱附效果最优。数值模拟结果可为深海采矿车海底行走履带脱附性能研究提供有力的理论依据。

深海采矿  /  喷嘴  /  淹没射流  /  行走履带  /  脱附性能

Reasonable nozzle structural parameters are crucial for the desorption performance of walking tracks of deep-sea mining vehicles. Taking the adherent substrate between the walking tracks of the mining vehicles as the research background, numerical simulation of the walking track desorption effect was carried out using Ansys software for the structural parameters and layout design of the nozzles, and the optimal parameters of the nozzles for the desorption of the walking tracks were determined from the calculations and analysis of the velocity of jet impacting on the track teeth and the distribution of the dynamic pressure on the surface of the track plate. The results show that the cavitation effect of the nozzle is very weak when the submerged depth is 5 000 meters, and the design of the nozzle for deep-sea submerged jets may not consider the cavitation effect. Increasing the diameter of the nozzle can significantly increase the length of the core area of the jet. For diameter straight nozzles which are 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm, the jet velocity starts to decay rapidly around at 0.09 m, 0.2 m and 0.31 m respectively. The optimal desorption effect of the walking track is achieved when 7 straight nozzles with a diameter of 30 mm and a 90° spray angle are used. Numerical simulation results can provide a strong theoretical basis for the study of the desorption performance of seafloor traveling tracks of deep-sea mining vehicles.

Deep-sea mining  /  Nozzle  /  Submerged jet  /  Walking track  /  Desorption performance
邱显焱, 王孟坤, 陈秉正. 基于Ansys的行走履带脱附性能数值模拟研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (1) : 17 -23 .
Xianyan QIU, Mengkun WANG, Bingzheng CHEN. Numerical Simulation on Desorption Performance of Walking Tracks Based on Ansys[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (1) : 17 -23 .
近年来,由于全球经济的发展和人口的增长,世界各国对矿产资源的需求不断增加,到2050年,全球金属需求量将增至97 亿t[1-2]。深海底部蕴含丰富的矿产资源,20世纪80年代初,我国开始深海采矿技术的研究[3],深海采矿车逐渐发展为一种主要的采矿装备。但是采矿车行走在海底时,底盘的履带板齿间会黏附大量的沉积物,降低了履齿有效作用深度和采矿车在深海稀软沉积物上的行驶性能。因此,有必要开展用高压水射流对履带清洗去污处理的研究,以便改善采矿车在稀软海底上行驶的性能。
水射流切割技术主要用于机加工、表面处理和清洁等领域,并发挥了重要作用,甚至成为不可取代的技术[4-6]。水射流凭借优秀的切割、破碎能力,逐渐被推广应用于石油钻井、射孔和煤层卸压增透等资源开采领域[7-8]。国内学者开展了水射流技术的研究。熊庭等[9]开展了高速水射流对船体表面冲击特性的研究。范晓宇等[10]开展了高压水射流清洗飞机发动机叶片的研究,结果表明,增大水射流入口压力会增加清洗效率。马雄伟等[11]开展了淹没射流破碎含瓦斯煤的数值模拟,研究了射流参数对破煤效率的影响。廖华林等[12]、张金良等[13]通过淹没条件下高压水射流冲蚀切割试验,系统研究了影响射流破岩效果的主要因素,结果表明,随着喷嘴移动线速度的增加,岩石冲蚀体积显著减小。上述研究中尚未建立高压淹没射流冲击行走履带的理论模型,缺乏高压淹没射流冲击行走履带的最优参数研究,无法准确确定淹没射流的脱附范围,限制了深海环境下水射流冲刷深海底质的推广应用。因此,本文针对深海环境下的喷嘴结构参数及布局设计,利用Ansys软件对水射流冲击行走履带的清洗效果进行数值模拟研究,以期为深海环境下淹没水射流减黏脱附系统的设计提供理论参考。
本次数值模拟利用Ansys软件进行几何建模。三维计算模型如图1所示,喷嘴距离齿根外接圆的距离为0.16 m,喷嘴外流场尺寸为1.8 m×0.3 m×0.3 m(长×宽×高)。
流体流动时,遵循三大基本方程,即连续性方程、动量守恒方程和能量守恒方程[14]。
式中:t为时间;ρm为混合相密度,为质量平均速度;p为流体微元体上的压力;为重力加速度矢量;μm为混合相黏度;为体积力;αk为第k相的体积分数;ρk为第k相的密度;为第k相的滑移速度,[14]。
Ansys中包含3种多相流模型。相比于其他多相流模型,Mixture模型在计算中更容易收敛,因此本文选用Mixture模型。同时,湍流模型选择Realizable k-ε 模型。
此外,对于空化效应的数值模拟,Schnerr and Sauer模型具有较好的适用性[15-17],在压力系数计算方面更有优势,且计算更稳定,易于收敛[16-18],相比于其他空化模型更适合于模拟孔内空化流动[16-17,19],因此本文选用Schnerr and Sauer 模型。
本文数值模拟过程主要分为两个阶段:一是探究角形喷嘴在深海环境下的空化效果;二是基于选定的喷嘴结构,对比分析喷嘴布局设计即喷嘴的直径、喷嘴分布个数(4个(喷嘴间距0.4 m)、7个(喷嘴间距0.2 m)、11个(喷嘴间距0.12 m))及喷嘴入射角度(30°、45°、60°)对履带冲击特性的影响。
将该模型的入口设置为压力入口,出口设置为压力出口。壁面设置为标准无滑移壁面,环境压力设定为50 MPa,模拟淹没深度为5 000 m。
仿真选择基于压力计算,采用压力速度耦合方式进行求解,其中求解系统选择SIMPLE方法[20-21],而其余设置为默认系统。残差精度设置为1×10-5,迭代次数设定为5 000次,以提升计算精度、增强收敛性。
根据伯努利原理,流体速度和压力的关系[15]可简化为:
式中:ν为流体速度;w为流速系数;P为入口压力;ρ为流体密度。
不同入口压力喷嘴仿真预测与理论计算的射流速度对比如图2所示。结果发现,理论速度和仿真速度吻合度高,数值仿真结果可靠[15]。
网格尺寸造成的误差会对计算流体力学求解过程中迭代计算的收敛性和准确性产生重大影响[16,22]。为验证仿真结果的合理性,边界条件设置不变,以喷嘴速度和动压作为对比对象进行分析,结果如图3所示。
从图3可以看出,喷嘴速度和动压随网格数量变化的趋势具有相似性。为探究角形喷嘴在深海环境下的空化效果,本文选用的网格尺寸为4 mm,网格数为4 552个。针对多喷嘴的布局设计,选择网格数为678 022个开展数值模拟研究。
为探究深海环境下角形喷嘴空化特性,以喷嘴蒸汽体积分数为对比对象,分别选择环境压力为2 MPa和50 MPa进行计算。此组模拟中,喷嘴喷射压力为50 MPa。
由于在相同的压力和流速条件下,空化射流的清洗效果远优于非空化射流,所以空化射流被广泛应用于清洗、切割、表面处理等场景。不同淹没深度下喷嘴蒸汽体积分数分布如图4所示。当淹没深度为200 m时,角形喷嘴有明显的空化现象。当淹没深度5 000 m时,角形喷嘴几乎没有空化现象。即在深海淹没环境下,即使采用空化喷嘴,也难有空化效果。
为进一步比较直形喷嘴和角形喷嘴,以喷射压力50 MPa为例,分别对比直形喷嘴和角形喷嘴射流在喷嘴中轴线上的动压和速度衰减情况,如图5所示。从速度衰减情况来看,在空化效应被抑制的情况下,直形喷嘴优于角形喷嘴。直形喷嘴水射流的动压也高于角形喷嘴。因此深海环境下淹没水射流减黏脱附系统的设计应选用直形喷嘴。
为探究不同喷嘴直径对履带冲击效果的影响,选取直形喷嘴进行计算,喷嘴直径分别取5 mm、10 mm、20 mm和30 mm。此组模拟中,喷嘴喷射压力为1 MPa。
不同喷嘴直径下直形喷嘴的水射流速度分布如图6所示。由图6可知,随着喷嘴直径的增加,射流核心区随之扩展,并且射流在淹没环境下的核心区有明显的增加。
图7进一步对比了5 mm、10 mm、20 mm和30 mm直径的直形喷嘴射流速度变化。从图7可以看到:对于10 mm直径喷嘴,由于射流和环境流体的动量交换,射流速度在0.09 m左右开始快速衰减;对于20 mm直径喷嘴,射流速度在0.2 m左右开始快速衰减;对于30 mm直径喷嘴,射流速度在0.31 m左右开始快速衰减。随着喷嘴直径的增加,射流核心区长度、射流贯穿距离均有明显的增加。因此,在深海环境下淹没水射流减黏脱附系统的设计中选取30 mm直径的直形喷嘴。
为探究不同喷嘴个数对履带冲击效果的影响,选取30 mm直径的直形喷嘴进行计算,喷嘴个数分别取4、7和11。此组模拟中,喷嘴喷射压力为1 MPa。
图8为不同直形喷嘴个数下喷嘴水平切面射流速度分布图。图8(a)为4个喷嘴时的水平切面速度分布图,从速度分布来看,由于喷嘴间距足够宽,所以射流在到达履齿板之前,没有相互干扰。但射流到达履齿板后与履齿板壁面相互作用,在水平方向(横向)会沿着履齿板表面扩展,向左右形成横向扩展流,横向扩展流会在扩展0.2 m时有明显的衰减。
图8(b)和图8(c)分别为7个喷嘴和11个喷嘴时的水平切面速度分布图,从速度分布来看,由于喷嘴间距各缩小了一半,射流到达履齿板后在水平方向沿着履齿板表面横向扩展,横向扩展流会相遇并相互干扰,但是在相遇之前横向扩展流的横向速度没有明显衰减。
图9为不同直形喷嘴个数下履齿板表面动压分布图。在射流作用的区域,履齿板表面的动压主要集中在0.3~0.66 MPa之间。7个喷嘴和4个喷嘴时,履齿板局部表面动压大小非常接近。但是从横向扩展流方面来看,4个喷嘴方案的横向扩展流在相遇前就出现衰减,无法实现足够强度的横向扩展流在履齿板表面的全覆盖,而7个喷嘴方案的横向扩展流在彼此相遇前,没有明显衰减,从而可实现足够强度的横向扩展流在履齿板表面的全覆盖。7个喷嘴方案虽然在履齿板表面动压方面没有表现出比4个喷嘴方案更好的效果,但是从横向扩展流的冲刷效果来看,7个喷嘴方案比4个喷嘴方案有明显优势。虽然继续增加喷嘴数量,也能改善横向扩展流,但是相比7个喷嘴方案提升效果不明显。
为探究不同喷嘴角度对履带冲击效果的影响,选取7个30 mm直径直形喷嘴进行计算,喷嘴角度分别取30°、45°和60°。此组模拟中,喷嘴喷射压力为1 MPa。
图10为7个喷嘴水平多角度切面射流速度分布图,图11为7个喷嘴履齿板表面动压分布图。从速度分布图来看,喷嘴角度为30°和45°时,喷射的优点在于可以沿着履齿板表面产生更强的横向扩展流,从而带来更强的冲刷效果。由图11(a)和图11(b)可知,喷嘴角度为30°时,喷射履齿板表面大部分区域动压小于0.2 MPa(除中间垂直喷射的射流区域外);喷嘴角度为45°时,喷射履齿板表面大部分区域动压在0.2~0.37 MPa之间,相比7个喷嘴垂直喷射动压减小。从射流路径可知,动压减小是因为喷嘴角度为45°时喷射的射流要走垂直喷射射流倍的距离。相比7个喷嘴垂直喷射的动压,喷嘴角度为60°时,喷射履齿板表面大部分区域动压略有减小。从射流路径可以知道,动压减小的原因与喷嘴角度为45°的喷射类似,即射流要走垂直喷射射流倍的距离。
虽然喷嘴角度为30°和45°喷射能产生更强的横向扩展流,能带来更强的冲刷效果,喷嘴角度为60°的喷射在各方面都非常接近垂直喷射,但是要以降低动压为代价且工艺参数较垂直入射繁琐,因此在深海环境下淹没水射流减黏脱附系统设计中选取90°的入射角度。
(1)淹没深度为5 000 m时,喷嘴的空化作用非常不明显,角形喷嘴的效果不如直形喷嘴。
(2)喷嘴直径是影响射流核心区长度的重要因素。对于10 mm直径的喷嘴,射流速度在0.09 m左右开始快速衰减。对于20 mm直径的喷嘴,射流速度在0.2 m左右开始快速衰减。对于30 mm直径的喷嘴,射流速度在0.31 m左右开始快速衰减。增加喷嘴直径能明显增大射流核心区长度。
(3)喷嘴水平多角度喷射虽然能产生更强的横向扩展流,但是以降低动压为代价,采用7个直径为30 mm的直形喷嘴且以90°的角度喷射时,射流对行走履带产生的脱附效果最优。

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    1.湖南工业大学机械工程学院,湖南 株洲市 412007
    2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012

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王孟坤(1998—),男,河南周口人,硕士研究生,主要从事高压水射流技术与应用等方面的研究。E-mail:
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