Article(id=1322164869764329831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164760943116291, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158269587, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158269587, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158269587, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158269587, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164760943116291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158243641, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158929367, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167637195477357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164760943116291, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167637199671662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164760943116291, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=169, endPage=177, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164871152644456, articleId=1322164869764329831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Diametrical Core Deformation Analysis Method and Its Application in Deep Hole In-Situ Stress Measurement, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In-situ stress measurement is one of the indispensable basic work in deep resource mining engineering. Diametrical core deformation analysis (DCDA) method, which measures the diametrical deformation of the core samples, is not limited by the borehole depth. It offers advantages of convenient operation and reusability for obtaining in-situ stress information from deep boreholes. Based on the principle of DCDA method and high-precision laser ranging technology, a core orientation method using borehole images and core surface scanning was proposed, which realized the determination of the geographical orientation of the core samples, and determined the direction of the horizontal principal stress by the radial ellipse shape of the oriented core. This method was applied to the deep hole in-situ stress measurement of a phosphate mine in Guizhou, and verified by hydraulic fracturing method. The results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress direction determined by DCDA method is NE66° to NE81°, and the maximum horizontal principal stress direction determined by hydraulic fracturing method is NE64° to NE80°. The minimum deviation value determined by the two methods is 3°, and the maximum deviation value is 17°. At the same depth, the deviation of the maximum horizontal principal stress value determined by the DCDA method and the hydraulic fracturing method is within 5.0%, and the results measured by the two methods are basically the same. A new idea of in-situ stress measurement combining diametrical core deformation analysis method and differential strain curve analysis method (DSCA method) was proposed. The two methods complement each other in data utilization and can calculate the three-dimensional stress value of underground rock mass.

, authors=Shicong HUANG1, 2, Naizhen LI3, Yiteng WANG1, Chao WANG1, Zengqiang HAN1, 2, authorsList=Shicong HUANG, Naizhen LI, Yiteng WANG, Chao WANG, Zengqiang HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zengqiang HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164876072563081, articleId=1322164869764329831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=岩心径向变形分析法及其在深孔地应力测量中的应用, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

地应力测量是深部资源开采工程中不可缺少的基础性工作之一。岩心径向变形分析法(DCDA法)通过测量岩心样品径向变形,不受钻孔深度的限制,对于获取深部钻孔地应力信息具有操作便捷、可重复利用的优势。基于DCDA法原理和高精度激光测距技术,提出了基于钻孔图像和岩心表面扫描的岩心定向方法,实现了岩心样品地理方位的确定,通过定向岩心的径向椭圆形态确定水平主应力方向。将该方法应用于贵州某磷矿深孔地应力测量,并通过水压致裂法进行验证。结果表明:DCDA法测定的最大水平主应力方向为NE66°至NE81°,水压致裂法测定的最大水平主应力方向为NE64°至NE80°,两种方法确定的最小偏差值为3°,最大偏差值为17°;在相同深度位置,DCDA法与水压致裂法确定的最大水平主应力值偏差均在5.0%以内,两种方法测量的结果基本一致;提出了岩心径向变形分析法和差应变曲线分析法(DSCA法)相结合的地应力测量新思路,两种方法在数据利用上互相补充,可以解算出地下岩体的三向应力值。

, authors=黄师聪1, 2, 李耐振3, 王益腾1, 王超1, 韩增强1, 2, authorsList=黄师聪, 李耐振, 王益腾, 王超, 韩增强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩增强, authorNote=

黄师聪(1998—),男,河南漯河人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与地应力测量方面的研究工作。E-mail:

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韩增强(1986—),男,山东潍坊人,博士,主要从事岩石力学与工程方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=CN, label=图8, caption=优化前后DSCA法试样应变片贴法, figureFileSmall=AE0ubl818dKzqt20zKHohw==, figureFileBig=TEXrhs4HX+wAY8i3yz+Wsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164882242384328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of core samples

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岩心编号取芯深度/m弹性模量/GPa泊松比标志线方位角β/(°)
144042.000.29242
267151.000.2837
394221.000.3489
41 00524.840.32140
), ArticleFig(id=1322164882313687497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩心样品参数信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩心编号取芯深度/m弹性模量/GPa泊松比标志线方位角β/(°)
144042.000.29242
267151.000.2837
394221.000.3489
41 00524.840.32140
), ArticleFig(id=1322164882418545098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Measurement results of DCDA method in the direction of horizontal principal stress of core

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩心编号α/(°)dmax/mmdmin/mm(dmax-dmin)/mm(Smax-Smin)/MPaSmax方向
14102.234102.2140.0206.37NE66°
240102.367102.3460.0218.18NE77°
3172102.411102.3520.0599.03NE81°
4110102.164102.0930.07113.07NE70°
), ArticleFig(id=1322164882502431179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DCDA法在岩心水平主应力方向的测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩心编号α/(°)dmax/mmdmin/mm(dmax-dmin)/mm(Smax-Smin)/MPaSmax方向
14102.234102.2140.0206.37NE66°
240102.367102.3460.0218.18NE77°
3172102.411102.3520.0599.03NE81°
4110102.164102.0930.07113.07NE70°
), ArticleFig(id=1322164882590511564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of the measurement results between DCDA method and hydraulic fracturing method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
埋深/mSmax方向(Smax-Smin)
DCDA法水压致裂法偏差/(°)DCDA法/MPa水压致裂法/MPa偏差/%
440NE66°NE74°86.376.502.0
671NE77°NE80°38.188.463.3
942NE81°NE64°179.039.504.9
1 005NE70°NE66°413.0713.644.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322164882670203341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164869764329831, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DCDA法与水压致裂法测量结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
埋深/mSmax方向(Smax-Smin)
DCDA法水压致裂法偏差/(°)DCDA法/MPa水压致裂法/MPa偏差/%
440NE66°NE74°86.376.502.0
671NE77°NE80°38.188.463.3
942NE81°NE64°179.039.504.9
1 005NE70°NE66°413.0713.644.2
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岩心径向变形分析法及其在深孔地应力测量中的应用
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黄师聪 1, 2 , 李耐振 3 , 王益腾 1 , 王超 1 , 韩增强 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(12): 169-177
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (12) : 169 -177
岩心径向变形分析法及其在深孔地应力测量中的应用
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黄师聪1, 2 , 李耐振3, 王益腾1, 王超1, 韩增强1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程安全全国国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
  • 2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 3.中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,北京 100055
通讯作者:
韩增强(1986—),男,山东潍坊人,博士,主要从事岩石力学与工程方面的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

黄师聪(1998—),男,河南漯河人,硕士,主要从事采矿工程与地应力测量方面的研究工作。E-mail:

Diametrical Core Deformation Analysis Method and Its Application in Deep Hole In-Situ Stress Measurement
Shicong HUANG1, 2 , Naizhen LI3, Yiteng WANG1, Chao WANG1, Zengqiang HAN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
  • 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3.China Railway Engineering Consulting Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100055, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25
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地应力测量是深部资源开采工程中不可缺少的基础性工作之一。岩心径向变形分析法(DCDA法)通过测量岩心样品径向变形,不受钻孔深度的限制,对于获取深部钻孔地应力信息具有操作便捷、可重复利用的优势。基于DCDA法原理和高精度激光测距技术,提出了基于钻孔图像和岩心表面扫描的岩心定向方法,实现了岩心样品地理方位的确定,通过定向岩心的径向椭圆形态确定水平主应力方向。将该方法应用于贵州某磷矿深孔地应力测量,并通过水压致裂法进行验证。结果表明:DCDA法测定的最大水平主应力方向为NE66°至NE81°,水压致裂法测定的最大水平主应力方向为NE64°至NE80°,两种方法确定的最小偏差值为3°,最大偏差值为17°;在相同深度位置,DCDA法与水压致裂法确定的最大水平主应力值偏差均在5.0%以内,两种方法测量的结果基本一致;提出了岩心径向变形分析法和差应变曲线分析法(DSCA法)相结合的地应力测量新思路,两种方法在数据利用上互相补充,可以解算出地下岩体的三向应力值。

岩心径向变形分析法  /  地应力测量  /  岩心定向  /  主应力方向  /  差应变曲线分析法

In-situ stress measurement is one of the indispensable basic work in deep resource mining engineering. Diametrical core deformation analysis (DCDA) method, which measures the diametrical deformation of the core samples, is not limited by the borehole depth. It offers advantages of convenient operation and reusability for obtaining in-situ stress information from deep boreholes. Based on the principle of DCDA method and high-precision laser ranging technology, a core orientation method using borehole images and core surface scanning was proposed, which realized the determination of the geographical orientation of the core samples, and determined the direction of the horizontal principal stress by the radial ellipse shape of the oriented core. This method was applied to the deep hole in-situ stress measurement of a phosphate mine in Guizhou, and verified by hydraulic fracturing method. The results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress direction determined by DCDA method is NE66° to NE81°, and the maximum horizontal principal stress direction determined by hydraulic fracturing method is NE64° to NE80°. The minimum deviation value determined by the two methods is 3°, and the maximum deviation value is 17°. At the same depth, the deviation of the maximum horizontal principal stress value determined by the DCDA method and the hydraulic fracturing method is within 5.0%, and the results measured by the two methods are basically the same. A new idea of in-situ stress measurement combining diametrical core deformation analysis method and differential strain curve analysis method (DSCA method) was proposed. The two methods complement each other in data utilization and can calculate the three-dimensional stress value of underground rock mass.

Diametrical core deformation analysis method  /  In-situ stress measurement  /  Core orientation  /  Principal stress direction  /  Differential strain curve analysis method
黄师聪, 李耐振, 王益腾, 王超, 韩增强. 岩心径向变形分析法及其在深孔地应力测量中的应用. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (12) : 169 -177 .
Shicong HUANG, Naizhen LI, Yiteng WANG, Chao WANG, Zengqiang HAN. Diametrical Core Deformation Analysis Method and Its Application in Deep Hole In-Situ Stress Measurement[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (12) : 169 -177 .
随着人类对能源和矿产资源需求日益增长,以及开采活动的不断加剧,地表附近的矿产资源逐渐枯竭,矿山企业纷纷转向深层资源的开发。在深层开采过程中,面临的高地应力挑战成为岩体力学研究的关键难题之一,准确评估深层开采区域的原始地应力状态变得至关重要[1]。地应力测量方法按照数据来源进行归类,大概可分为5大类,分别为基于岩心的地应力测试方法、基于钻孔的原位地应力测试方法、地质学方法、地球物理方法、基于地下空间的方法[2-6]。其中,基于岩心的地应力测试方法,由于不受钻孔现场测试环境及钻孔环境的限制,在深钻孔和超深钻孔的地应力测量中获得了广泛的运用。目前基于岩心的地应力测试方法有近十种,应用广泛的方法包括岩心径向变形分析法(DCDA法)[7]、岩心非(滞)弹性应变恢复法(ASR法)[8-10]、差应变曲线分析法(DSCA法)[11-15]、声发射法(AE法)[16-17]等。
DCDA法是FUNATO等[7]于2017年提出的基于岩心直径变形分析的一种方法。该方法认为,岩心从钻孔取出后会沿周向膨胀为椭圆,通过椭圆的长轴和短轴数据可以解算出垂直于岩心平面的最大、最小应力差。如果在岩心样本所处深度附近开展水力压裂试验,最大水平方向主应力的大小可由通过岩心径向变形分析得出的差应力与通过水力压裂试验测得的最小主应力之和确定,同时,也就能够根据定向岩心确定最大主应力的方向。FUNATO等[7,18]获取了埋深659 m岩心样品的DCDA法测试数据,通过现场测试和室内分析验证了其有效性。HIROSHI等[19]选取南非金矿14个钻孔38个样品,利用DCDA法测量样品垂直轴向平面的最大、最小应力差数据,获取特定区域的剪应力场数据。杨跃辉等[20]在松科2井获取了3个埋深6 645~6 848 m岩心样品,通过岩心古地磁定向结果和DCDA法测试,确定了岩心埋深位置水平主应力方向及差值。
为实现对岩心径向变形的测量,自主研发了基于激光测距原理的岩心径向变形测量装置,提出了一种基于钻孔图像和岩心表面扫描的岩心定向方法,通过钻孔图像和岩心表面图像的对比匹配,实现岩心样品地理方位的确定,从而通过岩心径向变形的椭圆形态确定水平主应力方向。对传统DCDA法进一步的拓展应用展开了讨论,提出了DCDA法和DSCA法相结合的地应力测量新思路,并展开了可行性分析。
假设某岩体在水平方向受到最大压应力Smax和最小压应力Smin(Smax>Smin),在岩体表面画一个直径为d0的虚线圆,如图1(a)所示。岩体会随所受的Smax和Smin应力被解除而发生膨胀,如图1(b)所示。岩体在Smax方向上的膨胀应比在Smin方向上的膨胀更大,同时,原来由虚线标记的圆形区域膨胀成椭圆形,该椭圆的长轴和短轴分别用dmax和dmin表示。类似地,在钻探取芯过程中,岩心钻头旋转运动进入岩石,一段柱状岩石被切割出来成为岩心样本。图1(c)表示岩心被旋转钻头从周围岩体中切割的过程,其横截面是标准的圆形。当岩心从周围岩体中切割下来,会因原位应力Smax和Smin的解除而相对周围岩体发生膨胀变形。柱状岩心的膨胀变形会随着钻探过程持续发生,因此,岩心样本的横截面形状应该是均匀的,具有如图1(d)所示的椭圆形态,椭圆的长轴和短轴分别为dmax和dmin。岩体原位应力Smax和Smin与岩心发生膨胀变形后的直径dmax和dmin之间的关系,可以在理论上推导得出,前提是假设图1(c)的应变状况与图1(a)的应变状况相同,当假设图1(a)中岩石的应变为零时,应力解除会导致岩石中产生拉伸应变(见图1(b)),图1(d)的岩心样本中情况也应如此。
假设岩石是均质、各向同性的,且按照线弹性理论发生小变形,那么在Smax和Smin方向上的拉伸应变εmax和εmin应分别为:
式中:E和ν分别为岩石的弹性模量和泊松比;SZ为平行于钻孔轴线方向的地应力。
由dmax和dmin计算应变εmax和εmin,具体公式如下:
式中,d0为初始应力状态下的岩心直径。
利用εmax、εmin和与参考位置成θ角的直径dθ,得到在θ处的应变εθ为:
式中,α为θ在dmax位置值。
利用式(3)、式(4)、式(5)推导出dθ的表达式如下:
由式(6)可知,不同角度上的岩心直径分布是以π为周期的正弦曲线。
由式(1)减去式(2),将εmax和εmin代入式(3)、式(4)中,则地应力与岩心直径的关系为:
假设最小应力释放引起的变形较小,式中分母d0替换为dmin。式(7)表明,从dmax和dmin的实测值可以确定应力差Smax-Smin。如果岩心样品是定向的,则可以确定Smax和Smin的方向分别为dmax和dmin的方向。
根据式(7),假设岩石弹性模量E为30 GPa,泊松比为0.2,岩心直径d0为50 mm,最大和最小应力差(Smax-Smin)为10 MPa,计算得到由于应力释放引起的直径差dmax-dmin为0.02 mm。因此,DCDA法地应力测量装置的精度要小于0.01 mm,才能够获取可靠的地应力信息[20]。基于高精度精光测距原理,研制了一套岩心径向形态测量装置,最高测量精度可达0.001 mm。该装置由底座、转盘、岩心夹持机构、4根直桩和安装在直桩上的两对激光收发器构成。转盘与底座旋转连接,岩心夹持机构与底座固定连接,4根直桩安装在转盘上侧,岩心可被岩心夹持机构垂直固定。
岩心径向变形测量装置工作原理示意如图2所示。设备工作时,转盘旋转,带动转盘上侧安装在4根直桩上的两对激光收发器绕岩心匀速旋转扫描,两个激光发射器发射出一定宽度激光,其中一部分区域被岩心遮挡,未被遮挡的激光区域与岩心相切。若记某时刻的切点为点A、点B,则点A、点B之间的距离dAB为该时刻测得的岩心直径。本文采用DCDA法测量时,岩心样品均为特征标志线(一条人为标记的直线)朝正北方向且以正北向为测量起点,所以与正北向顺时针夹角α也表示与特征标志线的夹角。图2中C点表示特征标志线的投影,DC方向为正北方向,此时α为90°。
岩心径向变形测量步骤如下。
(1)打开电源开关,调整激光器间距和高度,保证激光发射端发出的激光能被接收端完全接收。
(2)按下启动按钮,在不夹持岩心的情况下空转360°,确保仪器运转正常。
(3)装填样品。取长度适中的完整岩心放入岩心夹持机构,旋紧后将岩心进行固定,使岩心与岩心夹持机构无相对运动。
(4)录入岩心信息。在监测仪上打开操作系统,新建文档,将当前岩心信息录入,包括岩心编号、文件名称、相对直径、激光间距、泊松比等信息。
(5)岩心信息录入完毕后,进入测量部分。点击开始测试按钮,开始对岩心进行扫描检测,检测仪实时显示岩心在360°旋转时最大直径角度、最小直径角度等曲线;实时显示角度、直径最大最小峰值、相对直径等参数。
(6)测量完毕后导出数据,对测量的直径随角度变化的数据点进行拟合。
通过岩心径向变形测量结果可以解算出最大、最小主应力量值以及与特征标志线的夹角α,但是要获得主应力方向,需要对岩心进行定向。本文提出一种基于钻孔图像和岩心扫描图像特征匹配的岩心定向方法,测试结果如图3所示。
钻孔摄像是基于光学成像原理获取钻孔壁面图像的原位测试手段,测试结果以钻孔壁面展开图像的形式呈现。如图4(a)所示,图像上方为该段钻孔方位信息,此处特征标志线对应方位为140°,图像左侧为钻孔孔壁深度信息,显示钻孔的深度范围为1 004~1 006 m。图4(c)为图4(a)特征位置放大图(特征位置是钻孔图像或岩心扫描图像人为标记的局部区域,本文以黄色线框标记的区域表示,颜色标识见电子版)。需要注意的是,在超1 000 m深位置时,钻孔摄像获取的钻孔图像在周向方向上不会有畸变,因此即使钻孔图像在深度方向上可能会有压缩或拉伸的畸变现象,也不影响标志线方位角的定位。
岩心扫描是一种采用光学成像技术获取岩心表面图像的测试手段,常用设备是岩心扫描仪,如图3所示。采集岩心表面图像时,滚筒带动岩心匀速旋转,同时岩心上方的线阵相机在光源辅助下采集岩心外表面图像信息,使得岩心表面图像以平面展开图的形式展现,岩心扫描图像效果如图4(b)所示。对比图4(a)和图4(b),两图中具有明显相似特征的区域(岩脉相似或者裂隙相似),标记为特征区域,图4(d)为图4(b)特征区域放大图。比较图4(c)和图4(d)图像中岩脉的特征,在有明显对照性的位置(红色圆圈位置,颜色标识见电子版)标记一条特征标志线,图4(c)和图4(d)中特征标记线位置应为同一自然方位角,因此图4(d)岩心特征标志线的自然方位角β应为140°。
将本文提出的方法应用于贵州某磷矿深部地应力测量中,该磷矿在前期的勘察设计阶段完成了多个钻孔的布置,选择其中一个设计深度为1 200 m的钻孔进行试验。该孔钻孔摄像测试起始深度为400~1 100 m,水压致裂法测试根据岩心的完整情况,挑选440 m、671 m、942 m、1 005 m等4个深度位置的岩心样品开展压裂试验,获取主应力量值,孔壁压裂以后通过印模定向试验,确定主应力方向。4个深度的岩心样品编号如图5所示。在所取岩样紧邻位置另取岩样,由室内试验测得4个位置岩心弹性模量E和泊松比ν。4号岩心对应取芯深度为1 005 m,由第3节内容可知4号岩心特征标志线的自然方位角β为NE140°。另对1号岩心、2号岩心、3号岩心及对应深度孔壁进行钻孔摄像图像和岩心扫描图像特征匹配,获取4个岩心标志线方位角信息,结果见表1。
4个岩样的岩心径向变形测量结果如图6所示。岩心样品表面非绝对光滑曲面,因此测量岩心的数据点将有一定程度的离散,若选取的测量位置没有明显缺陷,则该位置所反应的直径差值基本不受岩心表面粗糙度的影响。纵轴表示岩心相对直径测量值,横轴表示激光收发器与正北向顺时针旋转的角度,折线代表相对直径测量值,蓝色曲线(颜色标识见电子版)代表岩心直径理论拟合值。拟合曲线均为周期为π的正弦波形,dmax与dmin为岩心径向椭圆形态的长轴和短轴,二者呈90°关系,即Smax和Smin的方向近似垂直,符合DCDA法理论结果特征。DCDA法在岩心水平主应力方向的测量结果见表2。
1号岩心标志线与最大主应力方向夹角α约为4°,最大直径为102.234 mm,最小直径为102.214 mm,最大最小直径差为0.020 mm,结合表1及公式(6),可计算出此磷矿440 m附近处水平主应力差值为6.37 MPa,最大主应力方向(α+β)为NE66°。
2号岩心标志线与最大主应力方向夹角α约为40°,最大直径为102.367 mm,最小直径为102.346 mm,最大最小直径差为0.021 mm,结合表1及公式(6),可计算出此磷矿671 m附近处水平主应力差值为8.18 MPa,最大主应力方向为NE77°。
3号岩心标志线与最大主应力方向夹角α约为172°,最大直径为102.411 mm,最小直径为102.352 mm,最大最小直径差为0.059 mm,结合表1及公式(6),可计算出此磷矿942 m附近处水平主应力差值为9.03 MPa,最大主应力方向为NE81°。
4号岩心标志线与最大主应力方向夹角α约为110°,最大直径为102.164 mm,最小直径为102.093 mm,最大最小直径差为0.007 mm,结合表1及公式(6),可计算出此磷矿1 005 m附近处水平主应力差值为13.07 MPa,最大主应力方向为NE70°。
在440 m、671 m、942 m、1 005 m等4个深度位置开展压裂试验,获取主应力量值,孔壁压裂以后通过印模定向试验,确定主应力方向。将两种方法获取的地应力数据进行对比,结果见表3和图7。440 m深度位置处,水压致裂法确定水平主应力差值为6.50 MPa,DCDA法与其确定的水平主应力差值偏差2.0%;671 m深度位置处,水压致裂法确定水平主应力差值为8.46 MPa,DCDA法与其确定的水平主应力差值偏差3.3%;942 m深度位置处,水压致裂法确定水平主应力差值为9.50 MPa,DCDA法与其确定的水平主应力差值偏差4.9%;1 005 m深度位置处,水压致裂法确定水平主应力差值为13.64 MPa,与DCDA法确定的水平主应力差值偏差4.2%。在相同深度位置,DCDA法与水压致裂法确定的最大水平主应力值偏差均在5.0%以内。两种方法确定的水平最大主应力方向如图6所示,最小偏差值为3°,最大偏差值为17°,两种方法确定的最大水平主应力方向基本接近。
DCDA法通过测量变形椭圆的长短轴差值解算主应力差,且为二维主应力数据。DSCA法通过对立方体岩样进行应变恢复试验,可以测量岩样所受的原始三向应力比值。考虑到两种方法在应力测量中各自的优势,提出一种将DCDA法和DSCA法相结合的三维地应力分析方法,将DCDA法地应力测试方法进行拓展应用。
DCDA法可用于简化DSCA法测试流程。将DCDA获取的岩心数据运用到DSCA测量地应力的试验过程中,可极大简化DSCA测试步骤。常规差应变曲线分析法需按照图8(a)样式贴9个应变片,DCDA法可提供岩心径向变形信息和主应力方向信息,按地应力方向来加工差应变试验所需岩样,此时只需按照图8(b)贴3个应变片,得到3个应变值,分别记为ε11、ε22和ε33,即可利用三向主应变的相对值,由公式(8)求得三向主应力的相互比值。
式中:σ1、σ2、σ3分别为最小水平主应力、垂向主应力和最大水平主应力值;ε11、ε22和ε33分别为最小水平主应变、垂向主应变和最大水平主应变值。
DCDA法与DSCA法在数据利用上互为补充。DCDA法能测出垂直于岩心(钻孔)平面的应力差(见公式(7)),且为二维应力。而DSCA法能测出三个主应力的比值(见公式(8)),两种方法互相补充,可以解算出地下岩体的三向应力值。
(1)基于岩心径向变形分析法原理,明确了主应力差值和方向的解算方法,通过测量岩心变形的长轴dmax和短轴dmin之差,可以解算出差应力(Smax-Smin),在岩心样品定向的情况下,可以从dmax的方向估算出最大主应力Smax的方向。
(2)研发了岩心径向变形测量装置,采用高精度激光测距技术,最高测量精度可达0.001 mm。提出了一种基于钻孔壁面图像和岩心表面图像的岩心定向方法,通过匹配分析钻孔壁面图像和岩心表面图像的特征,并结合钻孔图像的地理方位信息,实现岩心定向。
(3)将本文所提出的方法应用于贵州某磷矿的深部勘探工程中,DCDA法测定的最大水平主应力方向为NE66°至NE81°,水压致裂法测定的最大水平主应力方向为NE64°至NE80°,两种方法确定的水平最大主应力方向最小偏差值为3°,最大偏差值为17°。开展了岩心径向变形测量,并解算出了最大最小主应力差值,通过与水压致裂法测试结果的对比,在相同深度位置,DCDA法与水压致裂法确定的最大水平主应力值偏差均在5.0%以内,两种测量结果保持了较好的一致性。
(4)对传统DCDA法进一步的应用展开了讨论,提出了岩心径向变形分析法和差应变分析方法相结合的地应力测量新思路,DCDA法与DSCA法在数据利用上互相补充,可以解算出地下岩体的三向应力值。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42227805)
  • 武汉市知识创新专项项目(2023020201010079)
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2025年第45卷第12期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42227805)
武汉市知识创新专项项目(2023020201010079)
作者信息
    1.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程安全全国国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,北京 100055

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韩增强(1986—),男,山东潍坊人,博士,主要从事岩石力学与工程方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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