Article(id=1322164779913953424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164760943116291, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736956800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158248165, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158248165, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158248165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158248165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164760943116291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158243641, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158929367, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167637195477357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164760943116291, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167637199671662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164760943116291, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=48, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164781683949713, articleId=1322164779913953424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Flow Characteristics of Ore Drawing Process of Ore-Rock with Different Water Contents in Steeply Inclined Extremely Thin Veins, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To further investigate the flow characteristics of the ore drawing process of ore-rock with different water contents in steeply inclined extremely thin veins, so as to optimize mining processes and improve resource recovery rates, a combined method of physical tests and numerical simulation was adopted, and a full-scale numerical model of ore drawing in confined space for steeply inclined extremely thin veins was established. Through repose angle calibration tests on ore-rock with different water contents, the discrete element simulation parameters were determined. Full-scale numerical simulations of ore drawing were carried out, and the ore drawing characteristics of ore-rock with different water contents under different ore drawing heights were analyzed. The results show that the water content of ore-rock particles has a significant impact on the flow characteristics of ore-rock. When the water content of ore-rock is 4%, the ore drawing fluidity is optimal with a large and stable flow rate, and it exhibits a “first-in first-out” flow regime. As the water content increases, the ore drawing fluidity distorts and gradually transitions to a “first-in last-out” flow regime, while the ore drawing flow rate decreases, failing to meet the requirements for simultaneous operation of multiple ore drawing outlets. In addition, when the water content of ore-rock is 4%, ore drawing heights have a relatively small impact on the fluidity of ore-rock particles. As the water content increases, the increase in ore drawing heights worsens the fluidity of particles at higher positions, and when the water content is 15%, the particle fluidity deteriorates severely.

, authors=Youwei XIONG1, 2, Qinpeng GUO1, 2, authorsList=Youwei XIONG, Qinpeng GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinpeng GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164786301878444, articleId=1322164779913953424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程的流动特性研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为深入探究急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程的流动特性,从而优化采矿工艺、提高资源回收率,采用物理试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,构建全尺寸急倾斜极薄矿脉受限空间放矿数值模型。通过对不同含水量矿岩进行安息角标定试验,确定离散元模拟参数。开展全尺寸放矿数值模拟,分析不同含水量矿岩在不同放矿高度下的放矿特性。结果表明,矿岩颗粒含水量对矿岩流动特性影响显著,矿岩含水量为4%时,放矿流动性最佳、流量大且稳定,呈“先进先出”流态;随着含水量的增加,流动性畸变,逐渐转为“先进后出”流态,放矿流量降低,无法满足多放矿口同时作业要求。此外,矿岩含水量为4%时,放矿高度对矿岩颗粒流动性影响较小,随着含水量的增加,放矿高度的增加会使高位置颗粒流动性变差,含水量为15%时,颗粒流动性严重恶化。

, authors=熊有为1, 2, 郭钦鹏1, 2, authorsList=熊有为, 郭钦鹏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭钦鹏, authorNote=

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郭钦鹏(1995—),男,河南许昌人,博士,工程师,主要从事金属非金属矿山安全高效开采技术研究。E-mail:
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熊有为(1987—),男,湖南岳阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事金属非金属矿山安全高效开采技术研究。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=7oTVv9qiysCY9gG+wezICA==, figureFileBig=PfGa5MxRJpZHf6osNK0BeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164791934828769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164779913953424, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Measurement results of angle of repose for ore-rock materials

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含水量/%安息角/(°)
最大值最小值平均值
435.234.134.6
838.237.637.9
1542.239.240.7
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矿岩材料安息角测量结果

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含水量/%安息角/(°)
最大值最小值平均值
435.234.134.6
838.237.637.9
1542.239.240.7
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Physical property parameters for numerical simulation

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含水量/%静摩擦因数动摩擦因数黏性能量密度/(kJ/m3)
40.50.20
80.80.3100
150.90.8150
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数值模拟的物性参数

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含水量/%静摩擦因数动摩擦因数黏性能量密度/(kJ/m3)
40.50.20
80.80.3100
150.90.8150
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急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程的流动特性研究
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熊有为 1, 2 , 郭钦鹏 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(12): 48-56
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (12) : 48 -56
急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程的流动特性研究
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熊有为1, 2 , 郭钦鹏1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410019
  • 2.深井矿山安全高效开采技术湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 长沙 410019
通讯作者:
郭钦鹏(1995—),男,河南许昌人,博士,工程师,主要从事金属非金属矿山安全高效开采技术研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

熊有为(1987—),男,湖南岳阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事金属非金属矿山安全高效开采技术研究。E-mail:

Study on the Flow Characteristics of Ore Drawing Process of Ore-Rock with Different Water Contents in Steeply Inclined Extremely Thin Veins
Youwei XIONG1, 2 , Qinpeng GUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.CINF Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410019, China
  • 2.Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Safe and Efficient Mining Technology of Deep Mines, Changsha, Hunan 410019, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25
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为深入探究急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程的流动特性,从而优化采矿工艺、提高资源回收率,采用物理试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,构建全尺寸急倾斜极薄矿脉受限空间放矿数值模型。通过对不同含水量矿岩进行安息角标定试验,确定离散元模拟参数。开展全尺寸放矿数值模拟,分析不同含水量矿岩在不同放矿高度下的放矿特性。结果表明,矿岩颗粒含水量对矿岩流动特性影响显著,矿岩含水量为4%时,放矿流动性最佳、流量大且稳定,呈“先进先出”流态;随着含水量的增加,流动性畸变,逐渐转为“先进后出”流态,放矿流量降低,无法满足多放矿口同时作业要求。此外,矿岩含水量为4%时,放矿高度对矿岩颗粒流动性影响较小,随着含水量的增加,放矿高度的增加会使高位置颗粒流动性变差,含水量为15%时,颗粒流动性严重恶化。

急倾斜极薄矿脉  /  受限空间放矿  /  参数标定  /  流动特性  /  数值模拟

To further investigate the flow characteristics of the ore drawing process of ore-rock with different water contents in steeply inclined extremely thin veins, so as to optimize mining processes and improve resource recovery rates, a combined method of physical tests and numerical simulation was adopted, and a full-scale numerical model of ore drawing in confined space for steeply inclined extremely thin veins was established. Through repose angle calibration tests on ore-rock with different water contents, the discrete element simulation parameters were determined. Full-scale numerical simulations of ore drawing were carried out, and the ore drawing characteristics of ore-rock with different water contents under different ore drawing heights were analyzed. The results show that the water content of ore-rock particles has a significant impact on the flow characteristics of ore-rock. When the water content of ore-rock is 4%, the ore drawing fluidity is optimal with a large and stable flow rate, and it exhibits a “first-in first-out” flow regime. As the water content increases, the ore drawing fluidity distorts and gradually transitions to a “first-in last-out” flow regime, while the ore drawing flow rate decreases, failing to meet the requirements for simultaneous operation of multiple ore drawing outlets. In addition, when the water content of ore-rock is 4%, ore drawing heights have a relatively small impact on the fluidity of ore-rock particles. As the water content increases, the increase in ore drawing heights worsens the fluidity of particles at higher positions, and when the water content is 15%, the particle fluidity deteriorates severely.

Steeply inclined extremely thin vein  /  Ore drawing in confined space  /  Parameter calibration  /  Flow characteristic  /  Numerical simulation
熊有为, 郭钦鹏. 急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程的流动特性研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (12) : 48 -56 .
Youwei XIONG, Qinpeng GUO. Study on the Flow Characteristics of Ore Drawing Process of Ore-Rock with Different Water Contents in Steeply Inclined Extremely Thin Veins[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (12) : 48 -56 .
急倾斜极薄矿脉在我国有色金属矿山和黄金矿山中具有重要地位,但因其特殊的地质赋存条件,开采难度极大[1-4]。我国急倾斜极薄矿脉的开采方法以浅孔留矿法、削壁充填法、分层充填法和分段凿岩阶段矿房法为主,其中,浅孔留矿法所占比例高达56%[5-6]。浅孔留矿法回采时,每次采下的矿岩仅少量放出,其余部分留存于采空场内,作为继续作业的工作台,并对围岩起支撑作用,待矿房的回采作业全部结束后,再全部放出[7-8]。因此,开展急倾斜极薄矿脉受限空间放矿过程矿岩流动特性研究,具有重要的理论意义与工程实用价值。
当前,有关放矿过程矿岩流动特性研究的方法主要分为理论分析法、试验分析法和计算机仿真三类。理论分析法的相关研究最早可追溯到1938年,后续逐渐形成了椭球体放矿理论、随机介质放矿理论等[9]。然而,由于矿岩的不规则形状和多维受力环境,致使放矿理论在实际应用中面临诸多挑战。试验分析法在应对这些挑战时发挥着独特作用,其主要分为放矿原位试验和室内试验两类。放矿原位试验具有较大的局限性,实例相对较少[10]。而放矿室内试验通过构建物理模型来模拟真实的放矿场景,可直观地观察矿岩的流动过程,被广泛应用于优化采场结构参数[3,11-13]。随着计算机仿真技术的迅速发展,其在放矿过程矿岩流动特性研究中展现出强大优势。仿真技术能够突破室内试验的诸多限制,通过建立复杂而又精确的数学模型,对各种难以在现实中模拟的极端工况和特殊条件进行深入分析,如采场结构、矿岩级配、矿岩含水量等[14-17]。但目前该类研究主要集中于急倾斜极薄矿脉崩落法放矿的研究[6,12,18-20],针对急倾斜极薄矿脉留矿法放矿研究较少。另外,已经较多研究证明,矿岩含水量对崩落法放矿效果具有较大影响[21-22],但尚未探明含水量对急倾斜极薄矿脉留矿法放矿效果的影响。
为此,本研究以某急倾斜极薄矿脉矿体留矿法开采为工程背景,通过室内试验标记不同含水量矿岩的安息角,进而确定数值模拟参数,并采用数值模拟技术开展全尺寸放矿数值模拟,探究急倾斜极薄矿脉不同含水量矿岩放矿过程流动特性,从而为急倾斜极薄矿脉留矿法开采提供理论和技术支撑,完善受限空间放矿理论体系。
Hertz-Mindlin接触模型为离散元法的基础模型,可计算颗粒与颗粒之间,以及颗粒与壁面之间的相互作用力。以颗粒与颗粒之间接触为例,模型的基本原理可解释为:当颗粒i与颗粒j产生接触,颗粒的运动由线性动量和角动量守恒定律控制,颗粒之间的接触力可通过牛顿第二定律求解。
矿岩颗粒的形状极不规则,在数值模拟中,将所有不规则形状的矿岩依据其实际三维结构进行仿真,难度很大。因此,本研究使用球形颗粒代替不规则颗粒。为减少与实际的误差,在颗粒的接触力中加入动摩擦力以补偿不规则形状所带来的额外摩擦阻力。
井下采场中,矿岩颗粒间自然水分的存在导致矿岩散体物料产生内生黏结应力,其大小由矿岩颗粒的物化特性主导。在急倾斜薄细矿脉采场内,放矿过程中矿岩物料的内生黏结应力主要受到其含水量及块度影响。为达到仿真颗粒间黏性特征的目的,本研究采用Johnson-Kendall-Roberts(JKR)模型模拟颗粒间由于水分所导致的黏结应力。
在矿山现场机械化浅孔爆破采矿工艺中,崩落矿岩粒径上限要求控制在300 mm以下,其平均质量分数为17.5%。而尺寸较小的颗粒,其粒径可达到微米级别。为简化离散元数值模拟过程,将矿岩材料的粒径限定在50 mm以上。改变所模拟的矿岩材料的粒径分布需同时确保其在宏观尺度下的物理特征。因此,本研究采用物理试验和仿真试验相结合的方法对参数进行标定,确保矿岩材料的仿真结果与实际试验结果的物理特征相近。
通过现场统计矿岩粒径,本研究采用的矿岩粒径为:300~200 mm,17.5%;200~100 mm,27.8%;100~50 mm,19.6%;<50 mm,35.1%。
本研究选取不同含水量(4%、8%、15%)的矿岩材料开展数值模拟标定的物理试验,以准确反映不同含水量下矿岩的物理特征。所选取的含水量4%、8%、15%分别代表矿岩材料在干燥、标准及黏性状态。矿岩材料安息角测量结果见表1。由表1可知,随着含水量的升高,所测得的安息角也递增,表明矿岩材料的内应力随含水量的升高而增加。
在离散元数值模拟中,影响矿岩材料内应力的物性参数包括:静摩擦因数、动摩擦因数和黏性能量密度。其中,设置动摩擦因数是为了补偿由于选择球形颗粒来模拟矿岩颗粒而损失的颗粒滚动阻力;黏性能量密度则反映矿岩材料不同含水量下的黏结特性。本研究通过对以下参数范围进行排列组合,获得差异化的安息角模拟结果:
静摩擦因数[0.1:0.05:0.9];
动摩擦因数[0.1:0.05:0.9];
黏性能量密度[0:5 kJ/m3:200 kJ/m3]。
采用以上参数不同的组合开展数值模拟,最终得到总计11 849个仿真算例。图1展示了通过改变静摩擦因数及动摩擦因数所得到的不同安息角的仿真结果。
结果表明,当静摩擦因数较低时,动摩擦因数的增加并不会导致安息角的大幅增加。同时,当动摩擦因数较低时,静摩擦因数的增加并不会导致安息角的大幅增加。只有同时增加静摩擦因数和动摩擦因数时,安息角才相应增加。此外,在特定的静摩擦因数和动摩擦因数工况下,改变颗粒的黏性能量密度,可获得该单一参数对安息角仿真结果的影响,如图2所示。由图2可知,当颗粒的黏性能量密度逐渐增加时,所获得的安息角也逐渐增加。在极限情况下,较大的黏性能量密度所带来的内应力使材料无法形成堆料角。
离散元标定的最终结果是通过对比11 849个仿真结果与物理试验结果,然后筛选出最相近的参数组合。剔除不符合物理规律的参数组合后,最终的参数标定结果见表2。
本研究采取原始比例建立采场模型,并开展全尺寸的放矿数值模拟。全尺寸急倾斜极薄矿受限空间放矿数值模型如图3所示。由图3可知,采场长度设定为100 m,高度为50 m,回采矿料高度为44 m,采幅为1.5 m,出矿口规格为2.6 m×2.5 m,出矿进路间距为8 m,对应出矿口数量为12,采场倾角为70°。综合考虑离散元数值模拟的规模(总颗粒数)及反映实际放矿工艺流程,设计了以下全尺寸放矿数值模拟过程,并选取堆积高度为10 m、20 m、30 m和40 m和含水量为4%、8%和15%的矿岩开展放矿离散元数值模拟。具体过程如下:
(1)从采场顶部均匀投放特定质量的矿岩颗粒;
(2)待所有矿岩颗粒在采场内完全静置,删除特定采场高度以上的颗粒;
(3)打开出矿口开始放矿,并观察及保存矿岩瞬态的速度、受力及分层放矿表现。
4%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿速度场数值模拟结果如图4所示。由图4可知,干燥矿岩在不同放矿高度的流动特性较好,矿岩颗粒在各放矿口所形成的漏斗夹角较平缓且呈均匀对称形状。随着放矿矿岩的增加,整体矿岩颗粒依然表现出极佳的流动性,证明放矿高度对干燥矿岩放矿过程的影响较小。
4%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿瞬时力场数值模拟结果如图5所示。由图5可知,在矿岩自身重力的影响下,所形成的放矿口漏斗形状均匀对称。放矿漏斗中所形成的颗粒流从放矿口至矿岩上层表面呈连续态,进一步证明矿岩颗粒具有较佳的流动性特征。
通过将采场中的矿岩以每2 m一层进行分层,可追踪矿岩颗粒在放矿过程中的轨迹。4%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿分层流态数值模拟结果如图6所示。由图6可知,矿岩颗粒的流动特性符合“先进先出”规律,即先流入采场的矿岩颗粒在放矿的过程中也先流出放矿口。该流动特性符合干燥颗粒的整体流动特征。
8%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿速度场数值模拟结果如图7所示。由图7可知,相比干燥矿岩,标准矿岩在不同放矿高度的流动特性出现恶化,同时矿岩颗粒在各放矿口所形成的漏斗夹角逐渐变陡峭且开始呈现不对称外形。随着放矿高度的增加,矿岩颗粒在放矿口位置依然呈现极佳的流动性,但位置较高的颗粒其速度较小,且分布不均匀,表明此位置的矿岩颗粒流动性开始变差。
8%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿瞬时力场数值模拟结果如图8所示。由图8可知,在矿岩自身重力的影响下,所形成的放矿口漏斗形状逐渐呈现不对称外形。在较低放矿高度(10 m)工况下,放矿漏斗中所形成的颗粒流从放矿口至矿岩上层依然呈连续态,证明矿岩颗粒具有较佳的流动性特征。随着放矿高度的增加,颗粒受力状态逐渐出现断层现象,颗粒流的流动性变差。
8%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿分层流态数值模拟结果如图9所示。由图9可知,大部分矿岩颗粒的流动特性符合“先进先出”规律,该特性符合流动性较好物料的流动特征。
15%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿速度场数值模拟结果如图10所示。由图10可知,相比干燥矿岩和标准矿岩,黏性矿岩在不同放矿高度的流动特性恶化,同时矿岩颗粒在各放矿口的放矿过程开始出现先后顺序性,极大影响出料流量的稳定性。随着放矿高度的增加,矿岩颗粒在放矿口位置依然呈现较好的流动性,但位置较高的颗粒其速度基本为零,且呈现结块状态,证明此位置的矿岩颗粒流动性极差。
15%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿瞬时力场数值模拟结果如图11所示。由图11可知,在矿岩自身重力的影响下,所形成的放矿口漏斗形状呈现极不规则外形。在较低放矿高度(10 m)工况下,最多可实现67%的放矿口同时放矿,剩余放矿口在矿岩量下降到一定水平后才会开始放矿。随着放矿高度的增加,颗粒受力状态逐渐出现断层现象,且矿岩上表面的颗粒其速度基本为零,表明颗粒流的流动性严重恶化。
15%含水量矿岩颗粒放矿分层流态数值模拟结果如图12所示。由图12可知,矿岩颗粒的流动特性符合“先进后出”规律,该特性符合黏性内应力较大的物料在容器中的“鼠洞流”流动特征。
本文首先针对急倾斜极薄矿脉受限空间放矿过程的工艺特点,选择了多项离散元接触模型。其次根据放矿试验,确定了典型矿岩粒径分布及3种典型矿岩含水量,并根据数值模拟要求调整了粒径分布。然后开展了基于安息角物理试验及仿真试验的离散元标定工作,获取了不同含水量矿岩颗粒所对应的离散元数值模拟参数。最后基于标定后的离散元物性参数,选取不同放矿高度及含水量的矿岩颗粒开展了全尺寸的急倾斜极薄矿脉受限空间放矿数值模拟。得出的主要结论如下。
(1)矿岩颗粒含水量为4%时,放矿流动性最佳。随着含水量的增加,流动性特征存在畸变,从“先进先出”的流态特征,逐渐演化为“先进后出”的流态特征。
(2)含水量较低的矿岩颗粒放矿流量最大且稳定。随着含水量的增加,放矿流量开始降低,且逐渐无法满足所有放矿口同时放矿的工艺要求。
(3)放矿高度对不同含水量矿岩颗粒的流动性影响不同,含水量为4%时,放矿高度对矿岩颗粒流动性影响较小,随着含水量的增加,放矿高度的增加致使高位置颗粒流动性变差,含水量增加至15%时,放矿高度的增加会导致高位置颗粒流动性严重恶化。
(4)在特定的矿岩粒度分布工况下,矿岩的含水量对放矿工艺及流态特性具有极大影响,而含水量水平直接影响矿岩颗粒在自重压力工况下的内应力。鉴于此,后续研究应聚焦于放矿过程中矿岩颗粒在不同内应力作用下的流动特性研究,从而为采场及放矿口的优化方案设计提供参考。
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2025年第45卷第12期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-16
基金
湖南省科技创新计划资助项目(2023RC3237)
作者信息
    1.长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410019
    2.深井矿山安全高效开采技术湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 长沙 410019

通讯作者:

郭钦鹏(1995—),男,河南许昌人,博士,工程师,主要从事金属非金属矿山安全高效开采技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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