Article(id=1322164719075570018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730044800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158233659, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158233659, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158233659, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158233659, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=224, endPage=232, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164719251730787, articleId=1322164719075570018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on Dynamic Characteristics of the Hoisting Sheave of Floor Type Multi-Rope Friction Hoisting System, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The hoisting sheave device is a key component used in the mine hoisting system to change the direction, support, and transmit power of the steel wire rope. Its performance directly affects the operational safety and work efficiency of the hoisting system. In response to the strong impact and high stress issues brought about by the development of mine hoisting systems towards deeper, faster, and heavier loads, taken the 1 547.5 m deep mine hoisting system of Shaling Gold Mine as research object, the optimization of the hoisting sheave structure of hoisting system was carried out to reduce stress concentration and ensure the safe and stable operation of the hoisting system. Firstly, based on the theoretical principle of minimizing the start-up impact, the key kinematic parameters of the hoisting sheave were calculated using a trapezoidal acceleration control curve. Then, ABAQUS software was used to perform transient dynamic analysis on the hoisting sheave. Finally, the design of the hoisting sheave structure was optimized to alleviate its stress concentration phenomenon. The results indicate that the trapezoidal acceleration control curve can effectively control the impact load during the start-up and braking phases of the hoisting system. There is a significant stress concentration phenomenon at the connection between the spokes, rim, and hub of the hoisting sheave, with a maximum stress of 3.576 MPa. Adding transitional round corners at the connection between the spokes, rim, and hub of the hoisting sheave structure can significantly improve stress distribution. When the transitional round corner radius is 40 mm, the stress value on the hoisting sheave is reduced by 22.13% compared to the original structure. Therefore, a suitable transitional round corner design can effectively optimize the stress distribution of the hoisting sheave structure and improve the operational stability and reliability of the mine hoisting system.

, authors=Weimin LI, Jinying WANG, Keyu LIU, Chao WU, Zhaoqing TANG, authorsList=Weimin LI, Jinying WANG, Keyu LIU, Chao WU, Zhaoqing TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinying WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164725484466602, articleId=1322164719075570018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=落地式多绳摩擦式提升系统天轮动力学特性研究, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

天轮装置是矿井提升系统中用来改变钢丝绳转向、支撑和传递动力的关键部件,其性能直接影响提升系统的运行安全与工作效率。针对矿井提升系统向大井深、高速化、重载化方向发展所带来的强冲击与高应力问题,以纱岭金矿1 547.5 m深矿井提升系统为研究对象,优化提升系统天轮结构以降低其应力集中,保障提升系统安全稳定运行。首先,基于启动冲击最小的理论原则,采用梯形加速度控制曲线计算天轮关键运动学参数;然后,采用ABAQUS软件对天轮进行瞬态动力学分析;最后,对天轮结构进行优化设计以缓解其应力集中现象。结果表明,梯形加速度控制曲线能有效控制提升系统启动、制动阶段的冲击载荷;天轮在轮辐与轮缘、轮毂的连接处存在明显的应力集中现象,最大应力达3.576 MPa;在天轮结构的轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处引入过渡圆角可显著改善应力分布,当过渡圆角半径为40 mm时,天轮所受应力值较原结构天轮所受应力降低了22.13%,即合适的过渡圆角设计能有效优化天轮结构的应力分布,提升矿井提升系统的运行稳定性和可靠性。

, authors=李卫民, 王金颖, 刘克宇, 吴超, 唐兆庆, authorsList=李卫民, 王金颖, 刘克宇, 吴超, 唐兆庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王金颖, authorNote=

李卫民(1965—),男,辽宁朝阳人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM/ERP、数字化设计与制造。E-mail:

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王金颖(1999—),女,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM集成制造。E-mail:
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李卫民(1965—),男,辽宁朝阳人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM/ERP、数字化设计与制造。E-mail:

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李卫民(1965—),男,辽宁朝阳人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM/ERP、数字化设计与制造。E-mail:

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Main material properties of JKMD-6 × 8 (Ⅳ) type hoisting sheave device

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
天轮系统零件钢材标号弹性模量/GPa密度/(kg/m3)泊松比
轮缘/轮毂ZG270-5002027 8000.30
轮辐Q235B2007 8500.27
), ArticleFig(id=1322164734552551918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164719075570018, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

JKMD-6×8(Ⅳ)型提升机天轮装置主要材料属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
天轮系统零件钢材标号弹性模量/GPa密度/(kg/m3)泊松比
轮缘/轮毂ZG270-5002027 8000.30
轮辐Q235B2007 8500.27
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落地式多绳摩擦式提升系统天轮动力学特性研究
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李卫民 , 王金颖 , 刘克宇 , 吴超 , 唐兆庆
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(11): 224-232
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (11) : 224 -232
落地式多绳摩擦式提升系统天轮动力学特性研究
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李卫民 , 王金颖 , 刘克宇, 吴超, 唐兆庆
作者信息
  • 辽宁工业大学 机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁 锦州市 121001
通讯作者:
王金颖(1999—),女,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM集成制造。E-mail:
作者简介:

李卫民(1965—),男,辽宁朝阳人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM/ERP、数字化设计与制造。E-mail:

Research on Dynamic Characteristics of the Hoisting Sheave of Floor Type Multi-Rope Friction Hoisting System
Weimin LI , Jinying WANG , Keyu LIU, Chao WU, Zhaoqing TANG
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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天轮装置是矿井提升系统中用来改变钢丝绳转向、支撑和传递动力的关键部件,其性能直接影响提升系统的运行安全与工作效率。针对矿井提升系统向大井深、高速化、重载化方向发展所带来的强冲击与高应力问题,以纱岭金矿1 547.5 m深矿井提升系统为研究对象,优化提升系统天轮结构以降低其应力集中,保障提升系统安全稳定运行。首先,基于启动冲击最小的理论原则,采用梯形加速度控制曲线计算天轮关键运动学参数;然后,采用ABAQUS软件对天轮进行瞬态动力学分析;最后,对天轮结构进行优化设计以缓解其应力集中现象。结果表明,梯形加速度控制曲线能有效控制提升系统启动、制动阶段的冲击载荷;天轮在轮辐与轮缘、轮毂的连接处存在明显的应力集中现象,最大应力达3.576 MPa;在天轮结构的轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处引入过渡圆角可显著改善应力分布,当过渡圆角半径为40 mm时,天轮所受应力值较原结构天轮所受应力降低了22.13%,即合适的过渡圆角设计能有效优化天轮结构的应力分布,提升矿井提升系统的运行稳定性和可靠性。

深井提升系统  /  天轮  /  冲击限制理论  /  瞬态动力学  /  过渡圆角

The hoisting sheave device is a key component used in the mine hoisting system to change the direction, support, and transmit power of the steel wire rope. Its performance directly affects the operational safety and work efficiency of the hoisting system. In response to the strong impact and high stress issues brought about by the development of mine hoisting systems towards deeper, faster, and heavier loads, taken the 1 547.5 m deep mine hoisting system of Shaling Gold Mine as research object, the optimization of the hoisting sheave structure of hoisting system was carried out to reduce stress concentration and ensure the safe and stable operation of the hoisting system. Firstly, based on the theoretical principle of minimizing the start-up impact, the key kinematic parameters of the hoisting sheave were calculated using a trapezoidal acceleration control curve. Then, ABAQUS software was used to perform transient dynamic analysis on the hoisting sheave. Finally, the design of the hoisting sheave structure was optimized to alleviate its stress concentration phenomenon. The results indicate that the trapezoidal acceleration control curve can effectively control the impact load during the start-up and braking phases of the hoisting system. There is a significant stress concentration phenomenon at the connection between the spokes, rim, and hub of the hoisting sheave, with a maximum stress of 3.576 MPa. Adding transitional round corners at the connection between the spokes, rim, and hub of the hoisting sheave structure can significantly improve stress distribution. When the transitional round corner radius is 40 mm, the stress value on the hoisting sheave is reduced by 22.13% compared to the original structure. Therefore, a suitable transitional round corner design can effectively optimize the stress distribution of the hoisting sheave structure and improve the operational stability and reliability of the mine hoisting system.

Deep mine hoisting system  /  Hoisting sheave  /  Impact limitation theory  /  Transient dynamics  /  Transitional round corner
李卫民, 王金颖, 刘克宇, 吴超, 唐兆庆. 落地式多绳摩擦式提升系统天轮动力学特性研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 224 -232 .
Weimin LI, Jinying WANG, Keyu LIU, Chao WU, Zhaoqing TANG. Research on Dynamic Characteristics of the Hoisting Sheave of Floor Type Multi-Rope Friction Hoisting System[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 224 -232 .
随着矿物资源利用的日益广泛,矿井开采深度也在不断增加,如我国纱岭金矿的矿井深度已达到1 547.5 m,在此背景下,提升设备正向着大井深、高速化、重载化方向发展。为了提高生产效率,需要增大设备提升载荷,加快提升速度,这也使得天轮的承载压力相应增加,发生故障的潜在风险随之上升。一旦天轮装置发生故障,将导致提升系统无法正常运行。已有学者对该问题进行了研究,赵杰鸽[1]在安全得到保障的前提下对提升机天轮系统进行动态分析,结果表明,仿真结果与测试结果得到的天轮结构处所受的应力值误差不大,验证了基于有限元理论的分析方法在运动模拟中的准确性及其模拟成果的精细程度。马珂珂[2]针对天轮轻量化开展了优化设计分析,指出减轻天轮装置质量可进一步提高提升机的安全运行,并且将优化设计成果应用于工程实践,体现了良好的应用价值。张文豪等[3]发现目前对天轮装置结构性能检测方面的研究较少,并基于数字孪生技术对其进行性能检测,实现了天轮应变结果的直接预测。
天轮装置结构直接影响着提升机的性能和可靠性,然而,我国对天轮装置承受压力时的应力变化情况的研究较少,尤其是在启动、制动时,对天轮装置的承载应力和所受冲击力的研究较少。
本文基于启动冲击最小的理论原则,计算得出了在1 547.5 m深井提升作业中的关键运动学参数,并在此条件下对天轮进行瞬态动力学分析。该分析明确了启动冲击时天轮装置承受冲击力的数值,为降低天轮装置发生潜在故障的风险提供了依据。根据天轮应力分析结果确定天轮装置强度[4],并根据仿真结果确定其承载能力和材质的抗疲劳性能,验证提升系统的可靠性。研究成果以期为矿井提升系统天轮装置结构优化提供参考。
落地式多绳摩擦式提升设备适用于煤矿、金属矿以及非金属矿的竖井提升作业。该设备的提升机被稳固地安装在地面,能够有效抵御地震灾害的影响。本文以锦州矿山机器(集团)有限公司纱岭金矿的JKMD-6×8(Ⅳ)大型提升机为例,在1 547.5 m深井中采用双箕斗形式进行提升作业。
落地式多绳摩擦式提升系统主要结构组成为:摩擦轮,用于产生必要的摩擦力;天轮装置,起到导向和支撑作用;提升钢丝绳,负责连接并提升负载;平衡尾绳,用于保持系统的稳定性和负载的平衡。提升系统结构如图1所示。其中,天轮装置和摩擦轮的公称直径、绳槽直径以及绳间距均相同。天轮装置被安置在井架的顶端位置,充当固定滑轮,用于调整钢丝绳的运动轨迹,其主要功能是支撑并连接提升机的卷筒与容器之间的钢丝绳,同时起到引导钢丝绳改变行进方向的作用。
JKMD-6×8(Ⅳ)大型提升机中钢丝绳的垂悬高度Hc=1 631.155 m,尾绳高度Hh=80 m,提升高度H=1 547.5 m,提升钢丝绳长度HT=1 783.155 m,两天轮的中心垂直高度S=2 990 mm,提升容器高度Hr=4 m,最大提升速度v=18 m/s,提升载荷质量Q=53 000 kg,提升容器质量Qz=51 000 kg,钢丝绳直径为50 mm[5]。
根据安装在井架上的位置,可将天轮装置分上天轮装置和下天轮装置。天轮装置的结构主要包括天轮轴、固定天轮、游动天轮、轴瓦组件、轴承座结构、主轴承装置以及用于增加摩擦因数的天轮衬垫等[6],如图2所示。每组天轮装置包含8个天轮,其中一个被设计为固定天轮,直接通过键连接牢固地固定在天轮轴上并与其同步旋转,不具备独立转动的能力;其余7个天轮为游动天轮,它们能够自由旋转。游动天轮的内部装有轴瓦并通过螺栓紧固到轴承上,从而与天轮轴实现连接。其中,高强度螺栓被用于轴承与游动轮毂之间,以确保二者的牢固结合。此外,轴承内部设计有油槽,用于储存润滑油,以保证游动天轮能够顺畅无阻地旋转。轮体结构如图3所示。
当各根钢丝绳的线速度不一致时,每个游动天轮能够相对于天轮轴进行旋转运动。这种设计旨在消除因线速度不一致而导致的额外力矩,从而确保整个系统的稳定运行。简而言之,固定天轮保持与轴同步转动,而游动天轮则具备自我调节的能力,以适应线速度的变化,并通过润滑系统保持高效运转[7]。
为不影响产量输出,深井提升作业不仅需要提高运行速度,还需采用双箕斗的形式进行作业。然而,在高速、重载荷深井提升条件下,提升设备将承受较大的冲击载荷,同时也加剧了天轮装置运行的不稳定性。其次,天轮装置中的摩擦衬垫与钢丝绳之间会产生摩擦力,在启动、制动时,速度突变会造成钢丝绳的动张力剧烈变化,进而使得天轮装置突然出现压力过大的情况。加之天轮装置长期处于循环周期载荷作用下,因此,研究其承载能力对于保障提升系统的稳定运行具有重要意义。
深井提升系统启动、制动时,不同的加速度控制曲线对提升设备造成的冲击力也不同。加速度控制曲线不仅影响天轮的运行速度,还会导致不同阶段内天轮的受力发生不同的动态变化,影响负载的稳定性和平衡性。同时,加速度曲线控制也会影响提升系统的功率需求和能源消耗。合理的加速度控制曲线可以降低能耗,提高系统效率,保障天轮装置稳定运行,因此,探讨不同加速度控制曲线对天轮动力学特性的影响至关重要。
多绳摩擦式提升系统的运行过程可明确划分为加速、匀速和减速三个阶段[4]。特别地,加速阶段因速度的快速变化会产生显著的冲击力,导致钢丝绳所承受的动张力发生大幅波动。这不仅会对提升系统的整体架构产生强烈的冲击,还会缩减系统的使用寿命。因此,深入分析提升系统在加速阶段的动态行为尤为重要。
根据冲击限制理论,不同加速度控制曲线下提升过程的运动参数变化规律见式(1)至式(5),加速阶段加速度变化曲线如图4所示。
(1)矩形加速度:
(2)抛物线加速度:
(3)正弦加速度:
(4)三角形加速度:
(5)梯形加速度:
式中:T为振动周期,s;a为加速度,m/s2;t为时间,s;t1为变加速度截止时间,s;t2为加速度保持恒定截止时间,s。
由图4可知,矩形加速度控制曲线下启动时加速度会从零瞬时增大,这样会造成钢丝绳动张力的突变,不仅会缩减钢丝绳的使用寿命,还会给提升系统带来过大的冲击力[8]。抛物线、正弦、三角形加速度控制曲线启动时加速度均是从零呈一定变化规律增大到速度最大值,比矩形加速度控制曲线在一定程度上会使钢丝绳动张力的变化更小。在梯形加速度控制曲线的启动过程中,加速度从初始的零开始,以线性方式逐渐增加,直至达到加速度的最大值,钢丝绳动张力变化较小,且到达最大值后有一段加速度保持恒定,使得钢丝绳的动张力趋于稳定状态,对提升系统的冲击最小。因此,本文选择梯形加速度控制曲线对天轮在加速提升阶段进行瞬态动力学分析。
若根据矿井经验设计深井提升运动学参数,则会造成提升过程冲击力过大;而采用较大的安全系数进行设计,则会造成提升设备结构臃肿。因此,基于启动冲击最小的理论原则,对1 547.5 m的深井提升系统的运动学参数进行优化计算,以解决提升过程冲击力过大、设备臃肿等问题[9]。由上述分析得知,梯形加速度控制曲线下天轮装置受到的冲击力最小,天轮装置更加平稳,提升系统的稳定性和安全性更高。因此,在该加速度控制曲线下进行深井提升运动学参数计算。
梯形加速度控制曲线的加速过程包含三个阶段:加速度增大阶段,加速度恒定不变阶段,加速度降低阶段。三个阶段中加速度的变化速率被定义为冲击限制值J,其对提升系统的动力学表现具有直接的影响。如果冲击限制值J设定不合理,不仅会导致钢丝绳的动态张力产生较大的波动,还可能使得主轴装置遭受较大的冲击负荷[10]。
为确定合理的冲击限制值J,首先计算提升系统的关键运动学参数,见式(6)至式(13)。
(1)弹性波传动速度j:
式中:E为提升钢丝绳的弹性模量,取200 000 N/mm2;A为提升钢丝绳的横载面积,A=1 159 mm2;Pk为钢丝绳线密度,Pk=10.4 kg/m。
(2)基波振动频率ω1:
式中:λ表示超越方程α=λtanλ的解;而α则代表提升钢丝绳与其末端所承载载荷之间的比例关系,即:
式中,N1为提升钢丝绳数目,N1=8。
λ与α的对应关系如图5所示,根据图中λ与α的值可得λ=0.967,计算得ω1=2.95 Hz。
(3)弹性波振动周期T:
根据冲击限制理论,当启动加速时间t1等于振动周期T时,由提升过程引发的震荡会达到最小状态。这意味着,弹性波的振动周期T是提升系统实现最佳启动的理想时间长度[11],取t1=T=2.1 s。
(4)冲击限制值:
根据矿井的安全规范,立井的提升加速度必须保持在1.2 m/s2以下。若设定启动加速度a1=1 m/s2 [10],则冲击限制值J=0.48 m/s3。
(5)提升过程的增速阶段及其对应的加速度变化轨迹为:
其中,a1=a3=1 m/s2,v3=18 m/s。
绘制加速提升过程中加速度变化情况及速度变化情况曲线,如图6、图7所示。
以JKMD-6×8(Ⅳ)大型落地式多绳摩擦式提升机天轮系统为例,考虑实际工作条件,建立天轮系统几何模型时进行以下设定:
(1)每组天轮系统是一个由8个天轮组成的大型装配体,分析过程中将忽略天轮之间的接触作用,假设各天轮之间保持相对静止,且不发生相对转动[1];
(2)轮缘槽与摩擦衬垫作黏结处理[8],分析时所用的重力加速度为9.8 m/s2;
(3)提升系统有两组天轮系统,排除钢丝绳蠕动、天轮间相互转动和游动天轮轴向移动等因素导致的受力不均后,可以认为固定天轮和游动天轮在工作环境和外部载荷方面是相同的。因此,对单个天轮体进行受力和模拟分析并不会影响分析的有效性和准确性。
摩擦式提升机采用直连的方式驱动摩擦轮旋转,使得摩擦轮表面的衬垫与钢丝绳之间生成充足的摩擦力带动钢丝绳进行运动,钢丝绳带动固定轮旋转驱动天轮轴转动进而带动游动轮,最终实现了提升容器的上升或下降操作。在提升过程中,提升系统受到冲击力的大小主要受提升钢丝绳动张力变化的影响[12]。
钢丝绳作用于摩擦轮上的力包括垂直于轮面的径向挤压力和平行于轮面产生牵引效果的切向摩擦力,如图8所示。其中,F1和F2分别代表钢丝绳提升侧和下方侧的动态张力,而径向压力则作用于整个围包弧区域[10],其大小分布为:
式中:R为天轮半径,mm;w为摩擦衬垫底边宽度,mm;μ为摩擦因数;θ为钢丝绳与奔离点的角度,(°);αR为蠕动弧。本文中,R=3 000 mm,w=186 mm,μ=0.25。
切向摩擦力[10]为:
当提升机按照图6所示的加速度变化轨迹进行提升操作时,提升一侧钢丝绳的动态张力计算见式(16)至式(19)。
提升系统总变位质量为:
式中:N2为尾绳数量;qk为尾绳线密度,kg/m,且设定尾绳与首绳质量相等;mt为天轮变位质量,t;mj为摩擦轮变位质量,t。本文中,N2=4,qk=20.8 kg/m,mt=120 000 kg,mj=26 000 kg,计算得∑M=705 t。
梯形加速曲线第一阶段开始:
式中:K为矿井阻力系数,具体取值依据提升方式不同而异,箕斗提升时为1.15,罐笼提升时为1.2;H为提升深度,m;g为标准重力加速度,g=9.8 m/s2。计算得F11=597 kN。
梯形加速曲线第一阶段加速结束:
计算得F12=1 302 kN。
由于梯形加速曲线第二阶段加速度保持不变,故:F22=F12=1 302 kN。
梯形加速曲线第三阶段:
绘制加速提升阶段钢丝绳张力曲线,如图9所示。
JKMD-6×8(Ⅳ)大型落地式多绳摩擦式天轮装置主要材料见表1。
在进行动力学分析时,由于天轮的整体结构是一个复杂的圆形焊接体,直径较大且各组成部分的尺寸规格不一,直接进行整体网格划分难度较高,且可能会导致网格质量不高。尽管已在三维软件中对建立的天轮轮体的几何模型进行简化,但在网格划分时仍存在部分细微处的网格单元,若完全保留将显著影响计算效率。为了提高仿真分析速度并保证结果的有效性,忽略对整体分析结果影响较小或仅在局部范围处有影响的细微网格单元。除此之外,研究也将忽略轮体之间焊缝处的几何变化对模型的影响。因此,天轮轮体的网格划分主要分为4个部分:轮缘、角钢、槽钢和轮毂。
考虑模型的复杂性,将部分模型导入部分HyperMesh进行网格划分,其余部分在ABAQUS完成。模型共划分网格单元36 283个,节点数量为20 682个。需要注意的是,在ABAQUS进行显示动力学分析时,需要在网格中指派单元属性时勾选“Explicit”进行计算分析。
天轮主要承受由钢丝绳张力产生的外部载荷。该载荷通过摩擦衬垫传递至天轮表面。这是由于摩擦衬垫的底部宽度为186 mm,所对应的弧度为142°,如图10所示。
为了对天轮进行有效的约束,采用固定约束的方式模拟天轮轴带动天轮转动,仅保留其轴向旋转的自由度,对其他方向的自由度进行限制。在预设的载荷范围内,分别施加了径向力和切向力。为了简化计算过程,将切向摩擦力转换成均匀的面载荷,并将其直接作用在承载区域上[11]。基于上述设定,可以推导出径向载荷的函数表达式为:
切向载荷函数表达式为:
分析步分为三个阶段,分别对应梯形加速度控制曲线的以下三个阶段:加速度增大阶段、加速度恒定不变阶段、加速度降低阶段。在每个分析步中分别施加随时间变换的载荷,并施加重力载荷以完整反映实际工况。通过上述设置进行天轮运行过程的瞬态动力学分析。
梯形加速度控制曲线下天轮应力分布云图如图11所示[13]。
由图12可知,在加速度增大阶段,天轮应力随加速度的增大而逐渐增大;当加速度达到并保持最大值时,天轮所承受的应力值也相应达到峰值,最大应力值出现在围包角区域,为3.576 MPa。从加速度增大阶段到加速度恒定不变阶段,天轮应力虽达到最大值,但在该阶段应力波动较小。结果表明,从启动阶段到加速度增大阶段应力值变化最大,天轮承受冲击最显著,但所承受的应力满足强度要求,提升系统的运行整体可靠。在加速度降低阶段,天轮所受应力逐渐减小,表明矿井提升系统受到的冲击载荷降低,提升系统趋于稳定运行。
此外,在三个阶段中,天轮均在围包角内轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处出现应力集中现象。在重载荷、高速的深井提升工况下,这些部位易发生轮辐弯曲变形或轮辐与轮毂、轮缘连接处产生断裂的风险,需在设计中予以关注[14]。
由上述分析可知,天轮在围包角内轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处易出现应力集中现象。通过增大轮辐、轮毂及轮缘间的过渡圆角半径,可使天轮的结构连接部位实现更平滑的过渡,从而有效降低天轮的应力集中现象,提高提升系统运行的可靠性和稳定性。基于单因素变量法,选取30 mm、40 mm、50 mm、60 mm四个不同的圆角半径值进行分析[15-17]。
按照原天轮结构瞬态动力学分析,对优化后的天轮结构进行相同分析。由上文分析结果可知,加速度增大阶段应力值变化最大,表明该阶段天轮所受的冲击载荷最大。因此,对比优化前后天轮在加速度增大阶段的应力分布云图,如图13所示(以过渡圆角半径40 mm为例)。不同过渡圆角半径下天轮应力曲线如图14所示。
由图13与图11对比可知,增加过渡圆角结构后,消除了轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处的结构局部突变现象,过渡部位平缓,轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处的应力集中现象明显降低。由图14可知,在不同圆角半径条件下,天轮结构的应力水平均较原结构有明显改善。当过渡圆角半径为40 mm时,天轮所受应力值达到最小,较原结构天轮所受应力降低了22.13%。这表明,通过在轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处设置合适的过渡圆角结构,可有效缓解应力集中现象,使天轮结构更适应冲击载荷作用下的重载荷、高速的深井提升工况,从而保障提升系统稳定可靠运行[18-19]。
(1)基于启动冲击最小的理论原则,提升机在启动、制动阶段中采用梯形加速度控制曲线具有最佳的抗冲击性能。在梯形加速度控制曲线下,研究计算了深井提升作业在重载荷、高速的深井提升工况下的关键运动学参数,包括最佳启动时间和冲击限制值,明确了提升过程中加速度与速度的变化规律。
(2)通过ABAQUS软件对天轮进行瞬态动力学分析,结果表明,天轮最大应力值出现在围包角区域,为3.576 MPa。同时,在轮辐与轮缘、轮毂的连接处存在明显的应力集中现象。在启动与制动过程中,轮辐易发生弯曲变形,连接处存在断裂风险。
(3)在天轮结构的轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处增设过渡圆角以改善天轮运行过程中的应力集中现象。结果表明,增加过渡圆角后,天轮整体应力显著下降,轮辐与轮缘、轮毂连接处的应力集中现象得到缓解。当过渡圆角半径为40 mm时,天轮所受应力值达到最小,较原结构天轮所受应力降低了22.13%。这表明,合适的过渡圆角设计能有效优化天轮结构的应力分布,提升矿井提升系统的运行稳定性和可靠性。
  • 辽宁省科技重点专项资助项目(2022JH1/1080022)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28
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辽宁省科技重点专项资助项目(2022JH1/1080022)
作者信息
    辽宁工业大学 机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁 锦州市 121001

通讯作者:

王金颖(1999—),女,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为机械CAD/CAE/CAM集成制造。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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