Article(id=1322164663975007042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732204800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158220523, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158220523, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158220523, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158220523, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=158, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164665757586243, articleId=1322164663975007042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on Secondary Support Scheme for Arched Roadways Based on Plastic Zone Control, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the characteristics of roadway surrounding rocks in Baiyinhar mine, such as hard lithology, severe alteration and extremely poor stability, a secondary support scheme for the roadway based on the distribution of the plastic zones was proposed. For the fractured surrounding rocks, based on the results of the point load test and the relevant shaft construction data of the Baiyinhar mine, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass were calculated according to the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. The plastic zone range of the arched roadway was calculated using three equivalent circle radius methods combined with the Fenner formula and the Drucker-Prager (D-P) criterion formula, and the Kastner approximate solution for the plastic zone boundary of the surrounding rock of a circular hole under a non-uniform stress field was obtained. The displacement, stress, and plastic zone distribution after excavation, as well as the effect of the original support, were obtained using numerical simulation. According to the plastic zone distribution of the roadway surrounding rock under the original support, the secondary support for the roof, top corners, and floor of the roadway was conducted. The results show that the equivalent circle radius method of the circumscribed rectangle and the D-P criterion are more suitable for calculating the plastic zone of the roadway in Baiyinhar mine. Combined with numerical simulation, it is found that gold-bearing altered rock is predominantly distributed in the top corners of the roadway. After conducting the secondary support, the deformation of the surrounding rock at the roof and floor was significantly reduced from the original 23 mm to approximately 8 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The stress concentration in the roof was also reduced, and the range of the plastic zone was significantly decreased, which helps to prevent shear failure of the roadway surrounding rock.

, authors=Shuxin LIU1, Qianjun DAI1, Yiwei WANG2, Wenhao GAO2, authorsList=Shuxin LIU, Qianjun DAI, Yiwei WANG, Wenhao GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164675907801983, articleId=1322164663975007042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于塑性区控制的拱形巷道二次支护方案研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对白音哈尔矿巷道围岩岩性坚硬,蚀变严重,稳固性极差的特点,提出了对巷道按照塑性区分布进行二次支护。对于破碎围岩,基于点荷载试验结果以及有关白音哈尔矿建井资料,根据Hoek-Brown强度准则,计算得到了岩体的物理力学参数。利用三种等效半径方式与芬纳公式、Drucker-Prager(D-P)准则公式计算拱形巷道的塑性区范围,并且计算出非均匀应力场中圆孔围岩塑性区边界卡斯特奈近似解。采用数值模拟的方法得到开挖以后的位移、应力、塑性区分布以及原始支护效果。根据原始支护下的巷道围岩塑性区分布,对巷道的顶板、顶角以及底板进行二次支护。结果表明,矩形外接圆等效半径法、D-P准则更加适用于白音哈尔矿巷道塑性区计算,结合数值模拟可知,含金蚀变岩较多地分布于巷道顶角区域。基于巷道塑性区分布进行二次支护后,巷道顶板与底板围岩变形量有了明显减小,顶、底板位移由原来的23 mm分别减小到8 mm、10 mm左右,且顶板应力集中减小,塑性区范围显著减小,有助于防止巷道围岩发生剪切破坏。

, authors=刘树新1, 戴谦君1, 王译蔚2, 高文豪2, authorsList=刘树新, 戴谦君, 王译蔚, 高文豪, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

刘树新(1971—),男,内蒙古丰镇人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与采矿工程方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail:

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刘树新(1971—),男,内蒙古丰镇人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与采矿工程方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail:

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刘树新(1971—),男,内蒙古丰镇人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与采矿工程方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44 (6): 1069-1077., articleTitle=Bearing effect of prestressed bolt-anchored structures and mechanical analysis of surrounding rock, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322164685303043014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164663975007042, awardId=51264028; 51864036, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51264028; 51864036), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322164685386929095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164663975007042, awardId=2021LHMS05017, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS05017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322164676163654528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164663975007042, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322164676172043137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164663975007042, 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Physical and mechanical parameters of the main rock

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岩性密度/(g/cm3)抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
含金蚀变岩1.6527.182.7212.00.314.328
石英闪长岩2.1046.774.6820.70.257.437
), ArticleFig(id=1322164685118493637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164663975007042, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要岩石的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性密度/(g/cm3)抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
含金蚀变岩1.6527.182.7212.00.314.328
石英闪长岩2.1046.774.6820.70.257.437
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基于塑性区控制的拱形巷道二次支护方案研究
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刘树新 1 , 戴谦君 1 , 王译蔚 2 , 高文豪 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(11): 158-165
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (11) : 158 -165
基于塑性区控制的拱形巷道二次支护方案研究
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刘树新1 , 戴谦君1, 王译蔚2, 高文豪2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
  • 2.内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室,内蒙古 包头市 014010
作者简介:

刘树新(1971—),男,内蒙古丰镇人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学与采矿工程方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail:

Research on Secondary Support Scheme for Arched Roadways Based on Plastic Zone Control
Shuxin LIU1 , Qianjun DAI1, Yiwei WANG2, Wenhao GAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mining and Coal Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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针对白音哈尔矿巷道围岩岩性坚硬,蚀变严重,稳固性极差的特点,提出了对巷道按照塑性区分布进行二次支护。对于破碎围岩,基于点荷载试验结果以及有关白音哈尔矿建井资料,根据Hoek-Brown强度准则,计算得到了岩体的物理力学参数。利用三种等效半径方式与芬纳公式、Drucker-Prager(D-P)准则公式计算拱形巷道的塑性区范围,并且计算出非均匀应力场中圆孔围岩塑性区边界卡斯特奈近似解。采用数值模拟的方法得到开挖以后的位移、应力、塑性区分布以及原始支护效果。根据原始支护下的巷道围岩塑性区分布,对巷道的顶板、顶角以及底板进行二次支护。结果表明,矩形外接圆等效半径法、D-P准则更加适用于白音哈尔矿巷道塑性区计算,结合数值模拟可知,含金蚀变岩较多地分布于巷道顶角区域。基于巷道塑性区分布进行二次支护后,巷道顶板与底板围岩变形量有了明显减小,顶、底板位移由原来的23 mm分别减小到8 mm、10 mm左右,且顶板应力集中减小,塑性区范围显著减小,有助于防止巷道围岩发生剪切破坏。

拱形巷道  /  等效圆半径  /  塑性区  /  围岩位移  /  二次支护  /  数值模拟

Aiming at the characteristics of roadway surrounding rocks in Baiyinhar mine, such as hard lithology, severe alteration and extremely poor stability, a secondary support scheme for the roadway based on the distribution of the plastic zones was proposed. For the fractured surrounding rocks, based on the results of the point load test and the relevant shaft construction data of the Baiyinhar mine, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass were calculated according to the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. The plastic zone range of the arched roadway was calculated using three equivalent circle radius methods combined with the Fenner formula and the Drucker-Prager (D-P) criterion formula, and the Kastner approximate solution for the plastic zone boundary of the surrounding rock of a circular hole under a non-uniform stress field was obtained. The displacement, stress, and plastic zone distribution after excavation, as well as the effect of the original support, were obtained using numerical simulation. According to the plastic zone distribution of the roadway surrounding rock under the original support, the secondary support for the roof, top corners, and floor of the roadway was conducted. The results show that the equivalent circle radius method of the circumscribed rectangle and the D-P criterion are more suitable for calculating the plastic zone of the roadway in Baiyinhar mine. Combined with numerical simulation, it is found that gold-bearing altered rock is predominantly distributed in the top corners of the roadway. After conducting the secondary support, the deformation of the surrounding rock at the roof and floor was significantly reduced from the original 23 mm to approximately 8 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The stress concentration in the roof was also reduced, and the range of the plastic zone was significantly decreased, which helps to prevent shear failure of the roadway surrounding rock.

Arched roadway  /  Equivalent circle radius  /  Plastic zone  /  Displacement of surrounding rock  /  Secondary support  /  Numerical simulation
刘树新, 戴谦君, 王译蔚, 高文豪. 基于塑性区控制的拱形巷道二次支护方案研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 158 -165 .
Shuxin LIU, Qianjun DAI, Yiwei WANG, Wenhao GAO. Research on Secondary Support Scheme for Arched Roadways Based on Plastic Zone Control[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 158 -165 .
随着现代矿业工程的深入发展,巷道稳定性日益成为影响矿井安全的重要问题。特别是在地质条件复杂、岩体稳定性差的矿区,巷道的稳定性控制和支护技术显得尤为重要。白音哈尔矿区作为典型的硬岩矿床,其巷道围岩蚀变严重、稳固性极差,给巷道的稳定性控制带来了巨大挑战。传统的支护方法往往难以适应这种复杂环境,因此,探索更为科学、有效的巷道支护方案具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本研究针对白音哈尔矿巷道围岩的特点,提出了基于塑性区分布的二次支护方案。通过对破碎围岩进行点荷载试验,测定了物理力学参数,选择与白音哈尔矿的岩体条件较适合的D-P强度准则,结合等效半径法理论,计算拱形巷道的塑性区范围,并分析非均匀应力场中卡斯特奈近似解。此外,通过数值模拟方法,本研究对巷道开挖后的位移、应力、塑性区分布以及原始支护效果进行了模拟分析,进一步验证了二次支护方案的有效性。综上所述,本研究不仅为白音哈尔矿区巷道的稳定性控制提供了科学依据,也为类似复杂地质条件下的巷道支护提供了新的思路和方法。
白音哈尔矿31-47线的2号矿脉赋存在北东向的构造蚀变断裂带中,巷道围岩以二叠纪石英闪长岩、含金蚀变岩为主,岩体十分破碎,蚀变较强,稳固性极差,破碎带最大厚度7.17 m,最小2.51 m,平均5.51 m。破碎带产状在走向和倾向上有一定的变化。
因取样岩体较为破碎,难以加工成标准岩样,所以利用GCTS岩石点荷载仪对岩样进行点荷载试验。该设备主要由加荷系统、荷载测量系统组成。对白音哈尔矿的岩样施加荷载至破坏,根据破坏荷载计算得到岩样的点荷载强度。然后按照《工程岩体分级标准》给出的点荷载强度与岩石饱和单轴抗压强度的相关关系,通过换算得到岩体的抗压强度值,并类比常见岩石的力学参数,对矿岩抗剪力学参数进行取值。换算关系如下:
式中:Is(50)为直径50 mm试件的点荷载强度;Rc为岩石单轴抗压强度。
自然含水量下两种试样的容重:
式中:W为岩样的质量;V为岩样包含空隙的体积。
基于试验结果及白音哈尔矿建井资料,根据Hoek-Brown强度准则,计算得到的岩石物理力学参数见表1。
在研究巷道围岩的失稳特征和机理时,通常会基于圆形孔洞的弹塑性理论来建立围岩位移的表达式,由于巷道断面大多是三心拱形,所以需要将拱形巷道等效为圆形孔洞巷道,利用修正的芬纳公式计算拱形巷道等效半径。巷道等效半径示意如图1所示,图中R和R0分别为巷道半径和塑性区半径。矩形外接圆等效半径法是将直墙半圆拱的矩形部分的对角线视为其等效半径;等效面积法是将直墙半圆拱的面积视为一个圆,并通过相关公式来求解其半径;最大半径法是在直墙半圆拱的面积内找到最大的直径,并以此半径来确定围岩的弹性区、塑性区和破碎区[1-3]。
通过对比发现,拱形巷道的等效半径按照等效面积法计算的结果小于矩形外接圆等效半径法的结果,而最大半径法计算得到的半径又大于等效面积法的结果。白音哈尔矿巷道的断面尺寸为3 m× 3.5 m,按照上述三种方法作图,得到R0的大小分别为1.8 m、1.5 m、1.5 m。
在静水压力条件下,圆形隧洞围岩塑性区半径的修正的芬纳计算公式为:
式中:C为黏聚力,MPa;φ为内摩擦角,(°);P为隧洞内周边的支护反力,MPa;ξ为摩尔库伦准则的参数。
巷道等效圆半径分别为1.8 m和1.5 m时,计算得出含金蚀变岩与石英闪长岩两种岩性巷道的塑性区半径分别为:1.98 m和1.52 m;1.65 m和1.27 m。
基于Drucker-Prager(D-P)屈服条件[4],巷道塑性区半径的计算公式为:
式中:;;r′为等效半径,m;Pi为支护系统的支护强度,取0;γ为岩体容重,kN/m3。
通过上述公式计算获得白音哈尔矿拱形巷道等效半径分别为1.8 m与1.5 m时,含金蚀变岩、石英闪长岩两种岩性巷道的塑性区半径分别为:3.40 m和1.93 m;2.84 m和1.61 m。
非均匀应力场中圆孔弹性应力解析解[5]为:
式中:σr为径向应力,MPa;σθ为切向应力,MPa;τrθ为剪切应力,MPa;λ为侧压系数;r,θ为微单元的极坐标。
卡斯特奈公式是将非均匀应力场中圆形巷道弹性应力解代入到岩石的摩尔库伦强度准则[6]中:
则非均匀应力场中圆形巷道塑性区边界卡斯特奈近似解为:
式中:ω=α2 sin2φ+2-3α2;α=R/R0。
在非等压条件下,圆孔围岩塑性区边界R0不是常数,是一个围岩塑性区近似解的隐性方程。
锚固体是由锚杆或者锚索、注浆、混凝土、金属网、围岩形成的复合结构。锚固体的支护效果以及围岩的变形程度由锚杆(锚索)材料、混凝土厚度共同决定。因此在相同的应力场下,围岩与锚固体的变形程度也不同。
可以利用数值模拟的方法,分析巷道围岩的应力、位移变化与塑性区分布,根据锚固体对围岩的变形影响来设计锚杆参数,根据锚杆和围岩的变形来判断围岩的稳定性[7]。
根据国内外锚杆支护的经验和实例,对于跨度小于10 m的井巷工程,按照以下的公式来计算锚杆支护参数。
(1)锚杆长度L。
式中:B为井巷跨度,取3 m;n为围岩稳定性参数,白音哈尔矿的巷道围岩稳定性较差,取n=1.1;L为锚杆长度,m。
计算得到锚杆的长度为1.54 m,根据该矿的支护经验以及塑性区分布,选择锚杆的长度为2.2 m。
(2)锚杆间距D。
计算得到D≤1.1 m,结合该矿的支护经验,确定锚杆的间、排距均为600 mm。
(3)锚杆直径d及型号。
锚杆长度为2.2 m,因此选择直径为20 mm的左旋无纵筋锚杆,锚固力≥100 kN。此外,钢筋网钢筋直径为6 mm,网孔为100 mm×100 mm。
FLAC3D建模过程中,通过更改壳单元结构参数[8]来实现混凝土与钢筋网的安装。混凝土与金属网作为混合材料,其弹性模量计算公式为:
式中:Ec为混凝土弹性模量,GPa;Es为金属网弹性模量,GPa;As为金属网横截面,m2;Ac为混凝土横截面积,m2。
经测量,C20混凝土弹性模量为25 GPa,钢格栅弹性模量为210 GPa。钢筋网的横截面积通过竖向钢筋或横向钢筋的面积占比[9]来获得。计算得到混凝土与钢筋网组成的混合材料[10]的弹性模量为27.4 GPa。
白音哈尔矿的地下巷道距离地面300 m,模型尺寸设定为30 m×30 m×10 m,拱形巷道的断面尺寸为3 m×3.5 m。在模型顶部施加7.5 MPa的垂直应力(Pv),侧压系数λ取1.2,左右边界施加水平应力,大小为P=λPv=1.2×7.5=9 MPa。采用摩尔库伦模型,则静力状态下开挖后的模型见图2。拱形巷道的位移监测结果如图3所示。由图3可知,巷道顶、底板的变形严重,顶板变形量为70 mm左右,底板变形量为40 mm左右,两帮变形不明显。巷道的垂直应力与水平应力分布如图4、图5所示。巷道顶、底板应力集中,两者最先发生变形破坏。因为此时巷道水平应力起主要作用,使得两帮压应力转移到顶、底板。巷道围岩稳定性与塑性区分布有着本质关联,塑性区的大小和形态决定巷道的稳定性[11]。由图6可以看出,巷道塑性区呈Y形分布,塑性区范围为3~4 m,两顶角外的塑性区范围最大,说明了含金蚀变岩在巷道顶角区域分布较多;等效半径应该选择三种方法中最大的一个;D-P准则更加贴近白音哈尔矿巷道围岩的实际情况。在巷道的顶、底板发生塑性变形,两个45°顶角区域塑性区延伸至失控,顶角塑性区范围较大,具有较强的扩展性[12]。因此巷道的支护顺序应该是顶角区域、顶底板、两帮。
在白音哈尔矿巷道采用锚杆、金属网、混凝土组成的锚固体按照顺序进行支护,巷道顶、底板的变形量均减小,如图7所示,顶、底板变形量为23 mm左右。与支护前相比较,支护后巷道顶板位移减小了约67%,底板位移减小了约42.5%。支护后的巷道应力如图8、图9所示,顶板的应力集中明显减小,底板仍然有较多的应力集中区域。巷道的塑性区由Y形转变为蝶形,如图10所示,顶角与底板的塑性区仍然较大,需要重点支护。
在地层的垂直应力与水平应力作用下,锚杆和锚固体发生变形[13]。在模型中的锚固体内布置测点监测围岩的变形。通过监测数据可知,锚固体中顶板与两帮锚杆的应力都是由靠近巷道一侧到远端逐渐增大,而位移靠近巷道的一侧大于远离巷道的一侧。对于锚固体中壳单元的混凝土,顶板向下发生位移,两帮向中间发生变形,且两帮的变形小于顶板的变形。锚杆在破碎块体作用下受到围岩压、张、剪的复杂应力作用[14]。
巷道围岩较为破碎,支护难度大,因此需要二次支护[15]。根据白音哈尔矿围岩的物理力学性能、巷道支护情况的调查结果以及早期工程实践的经验,继续推荐采用锚杆+金属网+喷射混凝土对巷道进行二次支护。二次支护设计主要是在原有方案的基础上对支护参数进行优化,即选择合适的锚杆或锚索对重点位置支护,并进行二次混凝土喷射[16]。
在原有的支护基础上,添加锚杆密度可以发挥锚杆的“销效应”,将碎裂结构加固成一个整体结构,提高围岩的承载能力。控制锚杆的长度有利于沿锚杆的长度对围岩施加力,形成加固区[17]。所有加固区都连接起来,在周围的岩石内部形成一个拱形加固环[18],能够增加围岩的稳定性。高预应力长锚索应作为主要加固支撑[19],长锚索的锚固段可以延伸到高围压的深层稳定围岩中,然后通过悬挂作用将断裂区的载荷传递到深层稳定的岩层[20]。在断裂带中,锚索可以将塑性软化区和弹性区连接起来,扩大围岩的承载范围,充分调动围岩的整体承载能力[21]。二次支护方案如图11所示。优化支护后的巷道围岩变形、应力和塑性分布分别如图12至图15所示。
由图12可知,在二次支护后,拱形巷道顶板与底板的变形量明显减小,顶板和底板的位移由原来的23 mm分别降到约8 mm和约10 mm。由图13至图15可以看出,顶板应力集中减小,塑性区范围显著减小。巷道围岩与锚杆、锚索、混凝土等形成的一次锚固结构和二次锚固结构提高了巷道围岩的稳定性。另外锚索可以调动深部围岩的承载力,使得深部围岩与锚固体共同承担荷载。
(1)基于岩石点荷载试验结果以及有关地质资料,根据Hoek-Brown强度准则,计算得到了白音哈尔矿石英闪长岩与含金蚀变岩的物理力学参数。
(2)利用非圆形巷道等效变换,拱形巷道等效圆半径分别为1.8 m、1.5 m时,基于修正的芬纳公式计算出白音哈尔矿含金蚀变岩与石英闪长岩两种岩性巷道围岩的塑性区半径分别为:1.98 m和1.52 m;1.65 m和1.27 m。拱形巷道等效半径分别为1.8 m与1.5 m时,基于D-P准则计算出含金蚀变岩、石英闪长岩两种岩性巷道围岩的塑性区半径分别为:3.40 m和1.93 m;2.84 m和1.61 m。分析了非等压条件下圆形巷道围岩塑性区的近似解,通过理论计算求出锚杆长度、间距、直径以及锚固体一次支护的参数。经数值模拟方式验证,三种等效方式中矩形外接圆等效半径法、强度理论中D-P准则更加贴近实际,且根据塑性区半径对比分析得出巷道顶角处是含金蚀变岩分布较多的区域。
(3)通过数值模拟拱形巷道在开挖、一次支护后的围岩变形演化特征,提出了二次支护方案,并通过数值模拟分析围岩顶底板、两帮变形量、垂直应力、水平应力以及塑性区,确定了二次支护锚索长度,结合围岩应力集中区域、塑性区分布范围确定了二次支护方案。二次支护后,巷道顶、底板位移由原来的23 mm分别减小到8 mm和约10 mm,顶、底板的变形量与塑性区都有了明显减小。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51264028; 51864036)
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS05017)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-22
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国家自然科学基金项目(51264028; 51864036)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021LHMS05017)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
    2.内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室,内蒙古 包头市 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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