Article(id=1322164661882044623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734537600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158220024, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158220024, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158220024, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158220024, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=166, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164662104342736, articleId=1322164661882044623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Anchor Cable with C-Shaped Tube Under Different Preloads, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A double shear test device without friction between joint surfaces was used to conduct shear tests on anchor cables and the new type of anchor cable with C-shaped tube(ACC), and the effect of preload on the shear properties of the two structures was analyzed. The test results show that the negative effect of preload on the anchor cable is greater than that of the ACC. As the preload is increased from 100 kN to 300 kN, the shear load capacity of the anchor cable is reduced by a maximum of 14.82%, while the ACC is reduced by only 6.53%. Meanwhile, finite element simulation was utilized to further study the shear deformation properties of the ACC. The results show that the higher the preload, the lower the peak shear load and breaking displacement of the ACC, the higher the flexural stiffness of the structure, the earlier the strength of the specimen is mobilized and the faster the specimen fails locally. Under low preload conditions, the breaking displacement of the ACC is greater, which is due to the fact that for the same shear displacement, a lower preload will result in less tensile deformation at the shear plane location of the structure, and will also result in a larger bending angle of the structure at the shear plane location.

, authors=Guoliang WANG1, Gang LIU1, Wei SONG2, Shengchao XIAO2, Renliang SHAN2, authorsList=Guoliang WANG, Gang LIU, Wei SONG, Shengchao XIAO, Renliang SHAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164670803329283, articleId=1322164661882044623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=不同预紧力作用下管索组合结构剪切力学特性研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用节理面间无摩擦的双剪试验装置,对锚索和新型管索组合结构(ACC)进行了剪切试验研究,分析了预紧力对两种结构抗剪性能的影响。试验结果表明,预紧力对锚索的负面作用效果要大于ACC,随着预紧力由100 kN提升至300 kN,锚索的抗剪承载能力最大降低14.82%,而ACC仅降低6.53%。利用有限元模拟深化研究ACC剪切变形特性,结果表明:预紧力越高,ACC峰值剪切荷载与破断位移越低,结构具有更高的抗弯刚度,试块强度被更早调动且试块局部更快失效;低预紧力条件下ACC破断位移大,其原因为相同剪切位移下,预紧力较低会使得结构剪切面位置拉伸变形更小,同时也会导致剪切面位置结构弯曲角度更大。

, authors=王国梁1, 刘刚1, 宋威2, 肖圣超2, 单仁亮2, authorsList=王国梁, 刘刚, 宋威, 肖圣超, 单仁亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋威, authorNote=

王国梁(1970—),男,山西介休人,高级工程师,主要从事煤炭开采工作。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
宋威(1994—),男,河北唐山人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为地下煤炭开采。E-mail:
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王国梁(1970—),男,山西介休人,高级工程师,主要从事煤炭开采工作。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=kmVf5lfw+2T07fcENi/U/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164677417746756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同预紧力下ACC弯曲角度与剪切位移关系, figureFileSmall=WGwQgO8BucrQTNlQ7+7POw==, figureFileBig=kmVf5lfw+2T07fcENi/U/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164677505827141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Symmetrical bending deformation of anchor cable, figureFileSmall=TH7o0OAHI1qc0BvP28h97A==, figureFileBig=sm7WlPV4AzYaLgU5cMqoXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164679242268998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=图13, caption=锚索对称弯曲变形, figureFileSmall=TH7o0OAHI1qc0BvP28h97A==, figureFileBig=sm7WlPV4AzYaLgU5cMqoXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164679410041159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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figureFileSmall=p1NszcptsE9xGgpwvewdqA==, figureFileBig=tywqctcqopxTh+se6DigAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164680731246932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=图20, caption=200 kN预紧力下剪切面位置锚索与C形管剪力演化, figureFileSmall=p1NszcptsE9xGgpwvewdqA==, figureFileBig=tywqctcqopxTh+se6DigAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164680806744405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=EN, label=Fig.21, caption=Comparison of ACC shear load-displacement curves under different preloads, figureFileSmall=0xffgGVp1Sjr6alS2pjO0w==, figureFileBig=UCmMTilyt57hp3wj05L9bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164680890630486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=图21, caption=不同预紧力下ACC剪切荷载–位移曲线对比, figureFileSmall=0xffgGVp1Sjr6alS2pjO0w==, figureFileBig=UCmMTilyt57hp3wj05L9bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164680953545047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=EN, label=Fig.22, caption=Comparison of ACC axial force-shear displacement curves under different preloads, figureFileSmall=nGwEZ3FX3cxBbWrFB+INow==, figureFileBig=6DHlOCK+AB7XZb+hvmMAdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164681024848216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=图22, caption=不同预紧力下ACC轴力–剪切位移曲线对比, figureFileSmall=nGwEZ3FX3cxBbWrFB+INow==, figureFileBig=6DHlOCK+AB7XZb+hvmMAdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164681121317209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of double shear tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构类型锚索直径/mmC形管内外径/mm预紧力/kN剪切位移/mm峰值剪切荷载/kN峰值轴向荷载/kN
锚索21.6—10098641412
20089611424
30075546437
ACC21.624×28100106873450
20094850454
30082816454
), ArticleFig(id=1322164681192620378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

双剪试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构类型锚索直径/mmC形管内外径/mm预紧力/kN剪切位移/mm峰值剪切荷载/kN峰值轴向荷载/kN
锚索21.6—10098641412
20089611424
30075546437
ACC21.624×28100106873450
20094850454
30082816454
), ArticleFig(id=1322164681305866587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Model geometry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土试块锚索C形管
边长/mm开孔直径/mm强度/MPa直径/mm长度/mm结构内径/mm外径/mm开缝宽度/mm
300324021.61 2001×7股钢绞线24288
), ArticleFig(id=1322164681389752668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型几何尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土试块锚索C形管
边长/mm开孔直径/mm强度/MPa直径/mm长度/mm结构内径/mm外径/mm开缝宽度/mm
300324021.61 2001×7股钢绞线24288
), ArticleFig(id=1322164681494610269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Contact relationship and parameters

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接触部分法向切向摩擦因数
钢丝-钢丝硬接触0.35
锚索-C形管硬接触0.28
C形管-混凝土试块硬接触0.20
混凝土试块-混凝土试块硬接触无摩擦
), ArticleFig(id=1322164681586884958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164661882044623, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

接触关系及参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触部分法向切向摩擦因数
钢丝-钢丝硬接触0.35
锚索-C形管硬接触0.28
C形管-混凝土试块硬接触0.20
混凝土试块-混凝土试块硬接触无摩擦
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不同预紧力作用下管索组合结构剪切力学特性研究
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王国梁 1 , 刘刚 1 , 宋威 2 , 肖圣超 2 , 单仁亮 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(11): 166-174
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (11) : 166 -174
不同预紧力作用下管索组合结构剪切力学特性研究
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王国梁1 , 刘刚1, 宋威2 , 肖圣超2, 单仁亮2
作者信息
  • 1.山西焦煤汾西矿业昊锦塬煤业,山西 临汾市 141000
  • 2.中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土木工程学院,北京 100083
通讯作者:
宋威(1994—),男,河北唐山人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为地下煤炭开采。E-mail:
作者简介:

王国梁(1970—),男,山西介休人,高级工程师,主要从事煤炭开采工作。E-mail:

Research on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Anchor Cable with C-Shaped Tube Under Different Preloads
Guoliang WANG1 , Gang LIU1, Wei SONG2 , Shengchao XIAO2, Renliang SHAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shanxi Coking Coal Fenxi Mining Haojinyuan Coal Industry, Linfen, Shanxi 141000, China
  • 2.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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利用节理面间无摩擦的双剪试验装置,对锚索和新型管索组合结构(ACC)进行了剪切试验研究,分析了预紧力对两种结构抗剪性能的影响。试验结果表明,预紧力对锚索的负面作用效果要大于ACC,随着预紧力由100 kN提升至300 kN,锚索的抗剪承载能力最大降低14.82%,而ACC仅降低6.53%。利用有限元模拟深化研究ACC剪切变形特性,结果表明:预紧力越高,ACC峰值剪切荷载与破断位移越低,结构具有更高的抗弯刚度,试块强度被更早调动且试块局部更快失效;低预紧力条件下ACC破断位移大,其原因为相同剪切位移下,预紧力较低会使得结构剪切面位置拉伸变形更小,同时也会导致剪切面位置结构弯曲角度更大。

管索组合结构  /  预紧力  /  剪切力学特性  /  双剪试验  /  数值模拟

A double shear test device without friction between joint surfaces was used to conduct shear tests on anchor cables and the new type of anchor cable with C-shaped tube(ACC), and the effect of preload on the shear properties of the two structures was analyzed. The test results show that the negative effect of preload on the anchor cable is greater than that of the ACC. As the preload is increased from 100 kN to 300 kN, the shear load capacity of the anchor cable is reduced by a maximum of 14.82%, while the ACC is reduced by only 6.53%. Meanwhile, finite element simulation was utilized to further study the shear deformation properties of the ACC. The results show that the higher the preload, the lower the peak shear load and breaking displacement of the ACC, the higher the flexural stiffness of the structure, the earlier the strength of the specimen is mobilized and the faster the specimen fails locally. Under low preload conditions, the breaking displacement of the ACC is greater, which is due to the fact that for the same shear displacement, a lower preload will result in less tensile deformation at the shear plane location of the structure, and will also result in a larger bending angle of the structure at the shear plane location.

Anchor cable with C-shaped tube  /  Preload  /  Shear mechanical property  /  Double shear test  /  Numerical simulation
王国梁, 刘刚, 宋威, 肖圣超, 单仁亮. 不同预紧力作用下管索组合结构剪切力学特性研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 166 -174 .
Guoliang WANG, Gang LIU, Wei SONG, Shengchao XIAO, Renliang SHAN. Research on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Anchor Cable with C-Shaped Tube Under Different Preloads[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 166 -174 .
锚索结构是煤矿地下巷道工程支护设计中常用的支护构件[1-3]。随着煤炭开采逐渐向深部发展,锚索结构所面临的应力环境也更为复杂,常受到拉伸与剪切的复合作用[4-6]。在深部应力这种复杂环境中,锚索更容易发生破坏,进而可能导致灾难性的后果。为了更好地了解锚索在轴力与剪力共同作用下的变形破坏机理,学者们对其进行了大量的试验研究。AZIZ等[7]通过单剪试验研究了锚索类型、预紧力、表面轮廓类型、剪切荷载施加速率以及锚索脱粘对全长锚固锚索抗剪力学性能的影响。杨仁树等[8]通过双剪试验,研究了围岩强度、预紧力、锚固方式对锚索抗剪能力的影响,并指出试块强度、预紧力大小对锚索剪切初期刚度影响较大。陈文强等[9]基于最小势能变分原理,建立了加锚节理面的抗剪强度计算公式。WANG等[10]通过大型试验台进行了全长锚固锚索单剪试验,并通过数值模拟分析得到了单根钢绞线拉剪破坏机理。研究成果为提升锚索结构的抗剪性能提供了参考与借鉴。
依托以往研究成果,以锚索结构为核心部件,开发了一种新型管索组合结构[11-13],该结构是一种能够承担较高横向剪切作用的新型支护结构,能够有效应对深部地下工程中复杂的应力环境,相比于锚索结构表现出更好的支护性能。
本文以新型管索组合结构为研究对象,重点研究其在不同预紧力条件下,与锚索相比抗剪承载能力的差异,并利用有限元数值模拟的方法,模拟分析了管索组合结构的剪切变形特性。
在巷道工程中,锚固在岩体中的锚索分为锚固段和自由段。管索组合结构(简称ACC)是一种自由段能够承担高横向剪切力的锚索[13],由锚索、锚固剂、锁具、托盘等常规锚索零件和C形管组成,如图1所示。锚索从C形管中穿过,锚固在围岩中。C形管的结构类似管缝式锚杆,沿纵向开全缝,包裹锚索自由段。
C形管长度略小于锚索自由端,确保锚索预应力可以充分扩散到围岩中。在巷道围岩变形后,管索组合结构受到横向剪切力,C形管逐渐压缩和变形,直到完全包裹锚索自由端,和锚索一起抵抗围岩中的剪切力,如图2所示。ACC中锚索部分可以施加较高的预紧力,锚索的预紧力可以等效增加锚索拉应力,增大反作用于岩体的作用力,进而提高岩体的节理面抗剪强度。
本次试验研究锚索及ACC自由段抗剪性能,所有支护构件和孔壁之间未填充。试验时,采用3个相同尺寸的混凝土试块对支护构件进行双剪试验,试块中间有约4 mm的间隙,节理面间无摩擦。试块尺寸为300 mm×300 mm×300 mm,试块强度为40 MPa,主要组成成分为水、水泥、细沙、石子,按1∶2∶4∶4混合搅拌而成,并在养护28 d后进行试验。首先,将混凝土试块装入剪切盒中,剪切盒包裹试块两侧及上下面。支护构件的预紧力由距离混凝土试块外侧一定距离的水平加载端上施加,不作用在两侧混凝土试块外表面上。试验时,将两侧混凝土试块放在金属台上,并在上侧安装钢梁以限制混凝土试块垂直方向上的位移,加载柱在中间试块顶面向下压,如图3所示。试验台最大剪切位移为200 mm,试验中所有支护构件均被剪断。
本次试验共采用3根锚索和3根管索组合结构,试验过程中的预紧力分别为100 kN、200 kN、300 kN,表1统计了锚索与ACC在不同预紧力作用下的剪切试验结果。
图4为锚索和ACC在不同预紧力作用下的剪切荷载变化过程。由图4(a)可知,在剪切变形初期,锚索几乎不具备抗剪切能力,曲线出现滑移段。随着预紧力的提高,曲线的斜率也逐渐增大,但是会降低锚索的峰值抗剪强度。在较高预紧力条件下,锚索结构在更小剪切位移条件下的抗剪承载能力达到峰值,进而发生破坏。在破坏过程中,锚索的剪切荷载–位移曲线呈现出阶梯状下降的特征。此现象源于锚索由多股钢绞线组成,在破坏阶段,当一根或多根钢绞线发生断裂时,剩余钢绞线上的应力会重新分布,直至所有钢绞线全部断裂。
而ACC则由于C形管的存在,在剪切变形初期即可发挥吸能效果,产生一定的抗剪承载能力,由图4(b)可知,随着预紧力的进一步增加,曲线同样表现出斜率增大的情况,预紧力的升高同样会降低ACC的峰值抗剪承载能力和破断位移。
横向对比锚索和ACC的剪切荷载–剪切位移曲线,可以得出以下结论:与锚索相比,ACC的节理面初始滑移阶段几乎消失,且具备一定的抗剪承载能力;在剪切过程中,ACC的抗剪性能显著高于传统锚索,由于C形管具备一定的吸能效果且能够减弱应力集中,ACC在破坏时的剪切位移大于锚索结构;提高预紧力会降低锚索和ACC的抗剪承载能力,锚索降幅约为14.82%,而ACC的降幅仅为6.53%,降低幅度显著减弱。因此,在工程应用中,应用ACC可以降低预紧力对锚索抗剪强度的削减作用。
为进一步研究管索组合结构的抗剪机理,并且与试验结果进行对比,采用ABAQUS软件,参照双剪试验建立有限元模型。几何参数均按照双剪试验实际选取,参数取值见表2,并设置各组成部件间的接触,接触关系见表3。双剪试验中,锚索两端部采用锚具固定在机架上,在锚索两端部设置非线性弹簧模拟锚具对锚索的锚固,数值模拟模型如图5所示[13]。模型全部采用C3D8R单元类型,单元数量共计153 691,并行求解计算,其他详细参数参照文献[13]。
为研究锚索预紧力对ACC抗剪性能的影响机理,考虑已有双剪试验结果与研究目的,数值模拟中设置锚索预紧力分别为0、100 kN、200 kN、300 kN,锚索选用1×7股结构直径为21.6 mm的钢绞线,混凝土试块强度依据试验情况设置为40 MPa。
混凝土的弹性模量按照公式(1)[14]进行计算,抗拉强度按照公式(2)[15]进行计算,泊松比统一取0.2。
式中:Ec为混凝土的弹性模量,MPa;fcu为混凝土立方体抗压强度,MPa。
式中,ft为混凝土立方体抗拉强度,MPa。
为了进一步验证ACC双剪试验数值模型的准确性及合理性,以100 kN预紧力作用下的实验室ACC剪切试验为对照组进行校验。数值模拟中,在试块2顶部设置监测点,监测顶面的力与位移,在下文中该监测竖向力被称为系统剪切荷载(简称为剪切荷载)。预紧力100 kN时数值模拟得到的剪切荷载–位移曲线与试验得到的曲线对比如图6所示。整体剪切过程分为以下3个阶段:C形管与试块孔壁间存在一定间隙,剪切初期试块与ACC并未接触,此阶段为无接触阶段,轴力保持为预紧力,剪切荷载近似为0;随着剪切荷载的增加,试块与ACC产生接触,剪切荷载由ACC整体承担,剪切荷载随着剪切位移的增加而增加;剪切荷载达到峰值后突降,此时锚索已经发生破断。由图6可知,数值模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合,该数值模型能够反映出ACC整体的受力与变形过程。
在数值模型中,混凝土试块采用ABAQUS中的塑性损伤准则来表征其破坏状态。模拟过程中,随着剪切荷载的持续增加,试块损伤与破坏区域范围逐步扩大,该力学过程能够较好地被CDP本构中的压缩损伤表征。试验后试块形态与数值模拟得到的试块压缩损伤分布如图7所示。由图7可知,试块局部区域在高压应力作用下发生微观破碎,与数值模拟得到的较高的压缩损伤区域基本一致。
图6和图7结果表明,使用ABAQUS所建立的非线性有限元模型能够较好地模拟ACC在剪切荷载下的力学响应,可以进行不同锚索预紧力下ACC受剪力学特性的研究。
对锚索施加预紧力,不同预紧力下锚索中心截面拉伸阶段Mises应力分布如图8所示,拉伸结束后锚索最大Mises应力与预紧力的关系如图9所示。随着预紧力的提高,最大Mises应力呈线性增加。因锚索的螺旋线几何构造,在拉伸荷载作用下各个金属丝存在拉伸和弯曲的耦合变形,所以应力分布并不均匀,但呈现出一定的对称性特征。
剪切荷载下ACC在剪切面两侧产生弯曲变形,刘才华等[16]指出支护构件在剪切面的轴力与剪力对抵抗剪切荷载均有贡献。取双剪系统中间部分做受力分析,如图10所示,经推导可得双剪系统的剪切力的计算公式,见式(3)。因双剪试验存在两个剪切面,所以合力为2倍。
式中:Fv为系统剪切荷载,kN;Fn为剪切面位置结构轴力,kN;Fs为剪切面位置结构剪力,kN;θ为结构弯曲角度,(°)。
利用ABAQUS自由体切面功能,对ACC剪切面位置截面轴力剪力与弯曲角度进行提取,式(3)计算结果与数值模拟计算得到的剪切荷载位移曲线对比如图11所示,两曲线基本一致,因此,式(3)能够反映出剪切过程的受力特点。
不同预紧力下,剪切面位置ACC弯曲角度与剪切位移的关系对比如图12所示。不同预紧力下ACC弯曲角度的演化具有相同规律,随剪切位移的增加,弯曲角度增加,增速逐渐放缓。在剪切位移小于28 mm时,不同预紧力下弯曲角度演化基本无差别,其后低预紧力下结构弯曲角度的增长更快。剪切位移小于28 mm时主要为塑性铰的形成阶段,锚索在剪切面两侧发生如图13所示的对称弯曲变形。CHEN等[17]指出预紧力越高,钢绞线的抗弯刚度越大,由此可知,预紧力越高,ACC的整体抗弯刚度越大。
剪切位移达到28 mm时,不同预紧力下试块最小主应力分布如图14所示。由图14可知,预紧力为300 kN时,试块与ACC接触部位最小主应力绝对值更大,试块局部在三轴受压下具有一定的承载能力,此时ACC的刚度最高。由于ACC具有更高的刚度,试块强度更早地被调动,也更早达到失效条件,从而试块局部产生破碎,塑性铰同步向外扩展,ACC弯曲变形进一步加大。
剪切位移均为61 mm时不同预紧力下ACC的变形形态对比如图15所示,在相同的剪切位移下,预紧力越高,剪切面位置结构弯曲角度越小。不同预紧力下ACC弯曲形态示意如图16所示,图中us表示剪切位移,在剪切位移大于28 mm的塑性铰扩展阶段,预紧力越高,剪切面位置结构弯曲角度越小,塑性铰横向扩展距离越大,与图12弯曲角度的演化规律一致。
总体来说,锚索的拉伸变形由预紧力施加造成的拉伸变形和后续剪切荷载造成的局部拉伸两部分组成。预紧力对破断位移的影响有两方面:一方面,预紧力越高,在剪切开始前,锚索整体的拉伸变形越大,从而使得相同的位移下,剪切面位置锚索的拉伸变形越大;另一方面,高预紧力下ACC变形形态导致剪切面位置锚索拉伸变形减小,但锚索初始拉伸变形起主导作用,因此最终高预紧力剪切破断位移减小。
数值模拟所得ACC最大弯曲角度随预紧力的变化如图17所示,不同预紧力下破断后结构弯曲形态试验结果如图18所示。由图17和图18可知,预紧力越大,ACC最大弯曲角度越小,低预紧力ACC在剪切中后期弯曲角度增长较快且破断位移更大。同时,两者共同作用导致低预紧力下结构剪切面位置破断时的弯曲角度更大,试验结果与数值模拟结果均证明了这一现象。
不同预紧力下剪切面位置ACC剪力的演化如图19所示。剪切位移小于28 mm时,不同预紧力下剪力均快速上升,最大剪力均接近60 kN,差别较小。但预紧力为0时,剪力峰值稍有降低,剪力峰值对应位移最大;其后随着剪切位移的增加,剪力逐渐降低后保持在一定范围内波动。剪力的演化规律同样表明剪切位移小于28 mm时主要为塑性铰形成阶段,此时ACC抗弯刚度较大,因此剪力快速增加,当形成塑性铰后,ACC抗弯刚度快速下降,且与试块的接触面积增加,试块与ACC的接触力是其后续弯曲变形的驱动力。进一步单独考查锚索与C形管,200 kN预紧力下,剪切面位置锚索与C形管剪力演化如图20所示。锚索与C形管剪力演化规律与ACC一致,且在剪力达到峰值时,C形管剪力占ACC剪力的30%左右,C形管承担了部分剪切荷载,能够使锚索的强度更好地发挥。
不同预紧力下ACC剪切荷载–位移曲线对比如图21所示。将曲线的斜率定义为系统的剪切刚度,高预紧力下,剪切初期系统剪切刚度更高,剪切荷载上升更快,剪切位移大于45 mm后,不同预紧力下系统剪切刚度差异较小。不同预紧力下ACC轴力–剪切位移曲线如图22所示,随着剪切位移增加,不同预紧力的轴力呈现相似的变化规律,剪切初期由于空隙轴力剪切位移基本为0,轴力增长较快,后期增速放缓。
为了研究传统锚索与新型管索组合结构在不同预紧力作用下抗剪能力的差异性,以及预紧力对ACC抗剪作用的影响,对两种结构进行不同预紧力条件下的双剪试验。利用ABAQUS软件,建立实际七股钢绞线锚索与C形管组成的管索组合结构的精细化数值分析模型,并结合试验结果设置不同的预紧力进行数值研究,得出如下结论。
(1)提高预紧力使ACC在相同变形量的条件下具备更高的抗剪承载能力,但结构的峰值抗剪强度也会随预紧力的增高明显降低,而ACC的峰值抗剪承载能力降幅仅为6.52%,锚索则为14.82%,表明ACC由于其结构特殊性可以有效降低预紧力对内部锚索抗剪承载能力的削弱作用。
(2)预紧力提高,ACC峰值剪切力与破断位移减小,但结构具有更高的抗弯刚度,试块强度被更早调动,试块局部更早发生失效,从而相同剪切位移下弯曲角度减小,高预紧力下系统初期剪切刚度更高,这主要是受到轴力分量的控制影响。
(3)低预紧力且在相同剪切位移情况下,剪切面位置锚索拉伸变形更小,最终破断位移更大;低预紧力下ACC在剪切中后期弯曲角度增长较快,ACC的破断位移更大,两者共同作用导致低预紧力下结构剪切面位置破断时的弯曲角度更大。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52274148)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19
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国家自然科学基金项目(52274148)
作者信息
    1.山西焦煤汾西矿业昊锦塬煤业,山西 临汾市 141000
    2.中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土木工程学院,北京 100083

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宋威(1994—),男,河北唐山人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为地下煤炭开采。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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