Article(id=1322164636082880534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725897600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158213873, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158213873, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158213873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158213873, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=78, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164636271624215, articleId=1322164636082880534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Analysis of Influencing Factors of Fluidity and Strength for Ultra-Fine Tailings Filling Materials and Prediction of Proportioning, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the ultra-fine mine tailings as the experimental research object, the optimum mass concentration of the slurry under the conditions of gravity flow and pumping was explored through slump tests, strength ratio tests and response surface analysis. The key factors affecting the compressive strength of the backfill were analyzed, and the NGO-BP neural network model was used to predict the strength of the specimen. The results show that the optimum mass concentration is about 74% when the pump pressure is transported, and the optimum mass concentration is about 70% when the gravity flow is transported. When the cement-sand ratio is 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:20, the 7 d strength of the backfill at each mass concentration reaches 0.8 MPa, and the 28 d strength reaches 1.5 MPa, which meets the strength requirements. When the cement-sand ratio remains unchanged, the strength of the specimen will increase with the increase of mass concentration and the extension of curing age. When other variables remain unchanged, the effect of cement-sand ratio on the strength of the specimen is particularly obvious. The higher the cement-sand ratio, the higher the strength of the specimen. The average absolute error (MAE), average relative percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) predicted by NGO-BP neural network decreases by 0.47, 0.70, 0.96, 0.66, respectively, and the coefficient of determination (R2) increases by 0.26 compared with BP neural network at 7 d of curing. NGO-BP neural network model can be used to guide the filling ratio of production practice, and provide a new idea for the optimization of filling ratio.

, authors=Weixin LIN1, 2, Ke JIANG1, 2, Yongchao GONG1, 2, Haoqi JIA1, 2, Zhenjian YU3, Renze OU1, 2, Yuefei JIA3, authorsList=Weixin LIN, Ke JIANG, Yongchao GONG, Haoqi JIA, Zhenjian YU, Renze OU, Yuefei JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ke JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164644182081609, articleId=1322164636082880534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=超细尾砂充填材料流动性与强度的影响因素分析以及配比预测研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以矿山超细尾砂为试验研究对象,通过坍落度、强度配比试验以及响应面分析法,探究自流和泵送工况下的料浆最佳质量浓度,分析影响充填体试块的抗压强度的关键因素,并采用NGO-BP神经网络模型预测试块强度。结果表明:泵压输送时最佳质量浓度约为74%,自流输送时最佳质量浓度约为70%;灰砂比为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶20时,所有质量浓度的充填体7 d强度均达到0.8 MPa,28 d强度均达到1.5 MPa,满足强度要求;当灰砂比保持不变时,试块的强度会随着质量浓度的上升和养护龄期的延长而上升,在其他变量保持不变的情况下,灰砂比对试样强度的影响尤为明显,灰砂比越高,试样的强度也就越高;养护7 d时NGO-BP神经网络较BP神经网络预测的平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方差(MSE)、根均方差(RMSE)分别降低了0.47,0.70,0.96,0.66,决定系数(R2)提高了0.26,NGO-BP神经网络模型可用于指导生产实践的充填配比,为充填配比优化研究提供一种新的思路研究。

, authors=林卫星1, 2, 江科1, 2, 龚永超1, 2, 贾皓琦1, 2, 于振建3, 欧任泽1, 2, 贾月飞3, authorsList=林卫星, 江科, 龚永超, 贾皓琦, 于振建, 欧任泽, 贾月飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=江科, authorNote=

林卫星(1983—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
江科(1992—),男,湖北天门人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山绿色开采及安全相关的研究工作。E-mail:
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林卫星(1983—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

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林卫星(1983—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Particle size distribution of unclassified tailings, figureFileSmall=ojogkRZf5kfIxKHsHniF4A==, figureFileBig=rldCDUcS0p++Oq0JFYwHug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164649882140808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图1, caption=全尾砂粒度分布, figureFileSmall=ojogkRZf5kfIxKHsHniF4A==, figureFileBig=rldCDUcS0p++Oq0JFYwHug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650129604745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Slump change curves of slurry with different ceme-sand ratios, figureFileSmall=G1YAW711JPcT+Mx1N0+9wA==, figureFileBig=xkHzZe6Kxow2u+sMqbtdsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650209296522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同灰砂比的料浆坍落度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=G1YAW711JPcT+Mx1N0+9wA==, figureFileBig=xkHzZe6Kxow2u+sMqbtdsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650297376907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Curves of experimental results for strength ratio, figureFileSmall=GEZZX+E/DTu5GZ8X+VEHeg==, figureFileBig=RAlRfdJNksGXZFEJ3yDHOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650364485772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图3, caption=强度配比试验结果曲线, figureFileSmall=GEZZX+E/DTu5GZ8X+VEHeg==, figureFileBig=RAlRfdJNksGXZFEJ3yDHOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650427400333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of slurry mass concentration and cement-sand ratio on compressive strength of backfill at different curing ages, figureFileSmall=pDPCRIHBmNBbeWOUfkNwwg==, figureFileBig=9HVTcFGSBK34vBEQNwk/Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650507092110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图4, caption=料浆质量浓度和灰砂比对不同养护龄期充填体抗压强度的影响, figureFileSmall=pDPCRIHBmNBbeWOUfkNwwg==, figureFileBig=9HVTcFGSBK34vBEQNwk/Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650578395279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Flow of NGO-BP neural network, figureFileSmall=3kpVVjUDpX3RxNynpjCZtg==, figureFileBig=hb/zm3lqcs5Z/bvLg11rhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650679058576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NGO-BP神经网络流程, figureFileSmall=3kpVVjUDpX3RxNynpjCZtg==, figureFileBig=hb/zm3lqcs5Z/bvLg11rhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164650746167442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The iterative optimal fitness curves of NGO-BP neural network model under different curing ages, figureFileSmall=HzL0OAYLCM8yqn0zrw3zEA==, figureFileBig=cuCJK15ScMzlCJmojdBJwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164652415500437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同养护龄期下NGO-BP神经网络模型的迭代最佳适应度曲线, figureFileSmall=HzL0OAYLCM8yqn0zrw3zEA==, figureFileBig=cuCJK15ScMzlCJmojdBJwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164652499386518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The prediction results of each model under different curing ages, figureFileSmall=kzpB5keVqrrv7FBbuc/pZA==, figureFileBig=R2C5ZvYY8TOoUvahG7qCBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164652562301079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同养护龄期下各模型的预测结果, figureFileSmall=kzpB5keVqrrv7FBbuc/pZA==, figureFileBig=R2C5ZvYY8TOoUvahG7qCBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164652641992856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Particle content of tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm分计/%累计/%
-56.546.54
-10~+58.5815.12
-20~+1014.2229.34
-50~+2021.9951.33
-75~+509.8861.21
-100~+7510.6771.88
-200~+10017.2489.12
-250~+2001.1090.22
-300~+2503.2393.45
-350~+3002.0195.46
-400~+3503.1798.63
-500~+4001.37100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164652700713113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

尾砂颗粒含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm分计/%累计/%
-56.546.54
-10~+58.5815.12
-20~+1014.2229.34
-50~+2021.9951.33
-75~+509.8861.21
-100~+7510.6771.88
-200~+10017.2489.12
-250~+2001.1090.22
-300~+2503.2393.45
-350~+3002.0195.46
-400~+3503.1798.63
-500~+4001.37100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164652805570714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of slump test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量浓度/%灰砂比坍落度/cm
781∶49.7
761∶422.5
741∶427.0
721∶428.2
701∶428.4
681∶428.8
781∶610.1
761∶623.6
741∶627.5
721∶628.4
701∶628.7
681∶628.8
781∶810.9
761∶824.1
741∶827.7
721∶828.5
701∶828.8
681∶829.0
781∶2011.5
761∶2025.8
741∶2027.9
721∶2028.6
701∶2028.9
681∶2029.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322164652902039707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

坍落度试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量浓度/%灰砂比坍落度/cm
781∶49.7
761∶422.5
741∶427.0
721∶428.2
701∶428.4
681∶428.8
781∶610.1
761∶623.6
741∶627.5
721∶628.4
701∶628.7
681∶628.8
781∶810.9
761∶824.1
741∶827.7
721∶828.5
701∶828.8
681∶829.0
781∶2011.5
761∶2025.8
741∶2027.9
721∶2028.6
701∶2028.9
681∶2029.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653006897308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Economic costs of slurry with cement-sand ratio of 1∶4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目单价用量成本/(元/m3)
全尾砂1元/t0.98 t/m30.98
水泥350元/t0.326 t/m3114.10
用电0.6元/(kW•h)3(kW•h)/m31.80
用水0.6元/m30.5 m3/m30.30
人工220元/(人•班)0.02(人•班)/m34.40
其他5.00
合计126.58
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653094977693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

灰砂比1∶4的料浆经济成本

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目单价用量成本/(元/m3)
全尾砂1元/t0.98 t/m30.98
水泥350元/t0.326 t/m3114.10
用电0.6元/(kW•h)3(kW•h)/m31.80
用水0.6元/m30.5 m3/m30.30
人工220元/(人•班)0.02(人•班)/m34.40
其他5.00
合计126.58
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653199835294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Economic costs of slurry with cement-sand ratio of 1∶20

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目单价用量成本/(元/m3)
全尾砂1元/t1.24 t/m31.24
S3#G料450元/t0.062 t/m327.90
用电0.6元/(kW•h)3(kW•h)/m31.80
用水0.6元/m30.5 m3/m30.30
人工220元/(人•班)0.02(人•班)/m34.40
其他5.00
合计40.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653271138463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

灰砂比1∶20的料浆经济成本

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目单价用量成本/(元/m3)
全尾砂1元/t1.24 t/m31.24
S3#G料450元/t0.062 t/m327.90
用电0.6元/(kW•h)3(kW•h)/m31.80
用水0.6元/m30.5 m3/m30.30
人工220元/(人•班)0.02(人•班)/m34.40
其他5.00
合计40.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653346635936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test results of compressive strength of backfill

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号灰砂比质量浓度/%抗压强度/MPa
3 d7 d28 d
11∶4702.273.975.74
21∶4681.983.335.03
31∶6701.653.144.30
41∶6681.452.383.79
51∶8701.232.213.89
61∶8681.021.893.44
71∶10701.092.013.56
81∶10680.831.563.22
91∶12700.781.742.85
101∶12680.571.232.45
111∶20700.561.371.92
121∶20680.451.221.90
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653417939105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

充填体抗压强度试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号灰砂比质量浓度/%抗压强度/MPa
3 d7 d28 d
11∶4702.273.975.74
21∶4681.983.335.03
31∶6701.653.144.30
41∶6681.452.383.79
51∶8701.232.213.89
61∶8681.021.893.44
71∶10701.092.013.56
81∶10680.831.563.22
91∶12700.781.742.85
101∶12680.571.232.45
111∶20700.561.371.92
121∶20680.451.221.90
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653489242274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Compressive strength of backfill with different cement-sand ratios and mass concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号灰砂比质量浓度/%抗压强度/MPa
3 d7 d28 d
11∶2744.367.368.45
21∶4743.736.357.28
31∶6743.566.257.21
41∶8742.986.017.08
51∶10742.785.896.95
61∶12742.455.556.45
71∶20742.115.316.34
81∶2724.157.218.19
91∶4723.676.897.99
101∶6723.426.457.55
111∶8722.855.926.93
121∶10722.635.736.83
131∶12722.395.426.45
141∶20721.984.995.99
151∶2702.685.886.85
161∶4702.273.975.74
171∶6701.653.144.30
181∶8700.972.383.11
191∶10700.892.213.02
201∶12700.781.942.55
211∶20700.561.371.92
221∶2682.013.955.45
231∶4681.983.335.03
241∶6681.452.383.79
251∶8680.831.372.43
261∶10680.751.292.24
271∶12680.561.252.01
281∶20680.451.221.90
291∶2661.953.864.98
301∶4661.353.114.45
311∶6661.071.984.02
321∶8660.751.453.95
331∶10660.651.133.45
341∶12660.251.043.21
351∶20660.190.983.01
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653598294179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同灰砂比和质量浓度充填体的抗压强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号灰砂比质量浓度/%抗压强度/MPa
3 d7 d28 d
11∶2744.367.368.45
21∶4743.736.357.28
31∶6743.566.257.21
41∶8742.986.017.08
51∶10742.785.896.95
61∶12742.455.556.45
71∶20742.115.316.34
81∶2724.157.218.19
91∶4723.676.897.99
101∶6723.426.457.55
111∶8722.855.926.93
121∶10722.635.736.83
131∶12722.395.426.45
141∶20721.984.995.99
151∶2702.685.886.85
161∶4702.273.975.74
171∶6701.653.144.30
181∶8700.972.383.11
191∶10700.892.213.02
201∶12700.781.942.55
211∶20700.561.371.92
221∶2682.013.955.45
231∶4681.983.335.03
241∶6681.452.383.79
251∶8680.831.372.43
261∶10680.751.292.24
271∶12680.561.252.01
281∶20680.451.221.90
291∶2661.953.864.98
301∶4661.353.114.45
311∶6661.071.984.02
321∶8660.751.453.95
331∶10660.651.133.45
341∶12660.251.043.21
351∶20660.190.983.01
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653703151780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Prediction differences between the two models at different curing ages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护龄期预测算法MAEMAPEMSERMSER2
3 dBP0.750.161.131.040.85
NGO-BP0.420.090.270.410.97
7 dBP0.790.771.111.050.73
NGO-BP0.320.070.150.390.99
28 dBP0.840.891.001.000.67
NGO-BP0.510.100.350.450.81
), ArticleFig(id=1322164653799620773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164636082880534, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同养护龄期2种模型的预测差别

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护龄期预测算法MAEMAPEMSERMSER2
3 dBP0.750.161.131.040.85
NGO-BP0.420.090.270.410.97
7 dBP0.790.771.111.050.73
NGO-BP0.320.070.150.390.99
28 dBP0.840.891.001.000.67
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超细尾砂充填材料流动性与强度的影响因素分析以及配比预测研究
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林卫星 1, 2 , 江科 1, 2 , 龚永超 1, 2 , 贾皓琦 1, 2 , 于振建 3 , 欧任泽 1, 2 , 贾月飞 3
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(11): 78-87
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (11) : 78 -87
超细尾砂充填材料流动性与强度的影响因素分析以及配比预测研究
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林卫星(1983—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

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林卫星(1983—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

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林卫星1, 2 , 江科1, 2 , 龚永超1, 2, 贾皓琦1, 2, 于振建3, 欧任泽1, 2, 贾月飞3
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.安徽开发矿业有限公司,安徽 六安市 237191
通讯作者:
江科(1992—),男,湖北天门人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山绿色开采及安全相关的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

林卫星(1983—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Fluidity and Strength for Ultra-Fine Tailings Filling Materials and Prediction of Proportioning
Weixin LIN1, 2 , Ke JIANG1, 2 , Yongchao GONG1, 2, Haoqi JIA1, 2, Zhenjian YU3, Renze OU1, 2, Yuefei JIA3
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Safety Technology of Metal Mine, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Anhui Development Mining Co., Ltd., Lu'an, Anhui 237191, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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以矿山超细尾砂为试验研究对象,通过坍落度、强度配比试验以及响应面分析法,探究自流和泵送工况下的料浆最佳质量浓度,分析影响充填体试块的抗压强度的关键因素,并采用NGO-BP神经网络模型预测试块强度。结果表明:泵压输送时最佳质量浓度约为74%,自流输送时最佳质量浓度约为70%;灰砂比为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶20时,所有质量浓度的充填体7 d强度均达到0.8 MPa,28 d强度均达到1.5 MPa,满足强度要求;当灰砂比保持不变时,试块的强度会随着质量浓度的上升和养护龄期的延长而上升,在其他变量保持不变的情况下,灰砂比对试样强度的影响尤为明显,灰砂比越高,试样的强度也就越高;养护7 d时NGO-BP神经网络较BP神经网络预测的平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方差(MSE)、根均方差(RMSE)分别降低了0.47,0.70,0.96,0.66,决定系数(R2)提高了0.26,NGO-BP神经网络模型可用于指导生产实践的充填配比,为充填配比优化研究提供一种新的思路研究。

超细尾砂  /  坍落度  /  抗压强度  /  响应面分析法  /  NGO-BP神经网络预测

Taking the ultra-fine mine tailings as the experimental research object, the optimum mass concentration of the slurry under the conditions of gravity flow and pumping was explored through slump tests, strength ratio tests and response surface analysis. The key factors affecting the compressive strength of the backfill were analyzed, and the NGO-BP neural network model was used to predict the strength of the specimen. The results show that the optimum mass concentration is about 74% when the pump pressure is transported, and the optimum mass concentration is about 70% when the gravity flow is transported. When the cement-sand ratio is 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:20, the 7 d strength of the backfill at each mass concentration reaches 0.8 MPa, and the 28 d strength reaches 1.5 MPa, which meets the strength requirements. When the cement-sand ratio remains unchanged, the strength of the specimen will increase with the increase of mass concentration and the extension of curing age. When other variables remain unchanged, the effect of cement-sand ratio on the strength of the specimen is particularly obvious. The higher the cement-sand ratio, the higher the strength of the specimen. The average absolute error (MAE), average relative percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) predicted by NGO-BP neural network decreases by 0.47, 0.70, 0.96, 0.66, respectively, and the coefficient of determination (R2) increases by 0.26 compared with BP neural network at 7 d of curing. NGO-BP neural network model can be used to guide the filling ratio of production practice, and provide a new idea for the optimization of filling ratio.

Ultra-fine tailings  /  Slump  /  Compressive strength  /  Response surface analysis  /  NGO-BP neural network prediction
林卫星, 江科, 龚永超, 贾皓琦, 于振建, 欧任泽, 贾月飞. 超细尾砂充填材料流动性与强度的影响因素分析以及配比预测研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 78 -87 .
Weixin LIN, Ke JIANG, Yongchao GONG, Haoqi JIA, Zhenjian YU, Renze OU, Yuefei JIA. Analysis of Influencing Factors of Fluidity and Strength for Ultra-Fine Tailings Filling Materials and Prediction of Proportioning[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 78 -87 .
随着经济的持续增长,工业固体废弃物的产生量越来越大,如果得不到合理利用,不仅会占用土地资源、污染环境,还会对生产和生活构成潜在危害[1-3]。因此,如何提高工业固体废弃物的资源化利用率是亟需解决的问题。
我国治金、矿业、煤电等行业固废排放量巨大,将固废转化为建材,是国家环境保护与资源循环的双重战略需求。尾矿作为矿山生产过程中产生的主要固体废弃物,因其堆存面积庞大、环境污染严重和存在多种安全隐患,已经成为绿色矿山建设中亟需解决的关键问题之一[4-6]。充填采矿法是一种新型采矿方法[7-9],通过将地下矿石采掘过程中产生的废石或尾矿填充到采空区,形成具有一定的支撑力和稳定性的充填体来保护地面地貌和水资源,同时采矿充填法还可以提高矿石回采率,减少废水和废气的排放,降低环境污染。该方法应用范围广,已成为国内外重要的采矿技术。尾砂充填采矿技术可以使用选矿尾砂,并将其转化为充填料浆,然后填充到井下。它不仅能减少尾矿堆积量和土地占用面积,还可以实现对采空区的综合治理。由于成功地解决了尾砂的堆积和处理问题,这一方法得到了越来越多矿山的采纳[10-12]。充填采矿法决定了如何将材料填入采空区,而充填体的长期稳定与支撑能力,则直接取决于其固化后所达到的强度指标。胡凡等[13]利用BP神经网络对矿山4种尾砂充填体的强度进行了预测,去除误差较大的情况后,预测的充填体28 d强度的平均误差为5.8%。王宗勇等[14]在昆阳磷矿开展了坍落度试验及半工业输送试验,发现在同一灰砂比情况下,充填料浆流动阻力与管道内径成负相关。李创起等[15]对某金属矿山尾砂开展相关试验,分析得出管道输送阻力的关键影响因素,并确定充填料浆的自流输送充填倍线。王楚涵等[16]探究细颗粒尾砂含量对充填体强度的影响,推荐矿山在充填过程中的细颗粒含量约为50%。甘德清等[17]分析了5种尾砂的粒级组成和级配关系,发现尾砂的粒级组成对充填体强度有明显的影响。张国胜等[18]采用响应面法研究了料浆质量浓度、灰砂比对不同养护龄期下的充填体强度的影响,发现料浆质量浓度为70%~72%、灰砂比为1∶6~1∶10时,经济效益最优。周忠斌等[19]以采空区充填后的围岩应力为监测指标,建立一种采空区智能充填神经网络算法,结果表明该算法优于随机森林、决策树和多元线性回归算法。李祥龙等[20]利用SHPB装置对4种灰砂比的胶结充填体进行冲击,结果表明灰砂比由1∶6变化至1∶8时,充填体会出现明显的损伤,产生“跃升”现象。
本文主要以安徽某矿山选矿后的超细尾砂为充填材料,研究自流和泵送工况下的料浆最佳质量浓度,分析影响试块抗压强度的关键因素;同时,采用NGO-BP神经网络预测试块强度,为充填配比优化研究提供了一种新的思路。
某金属矿山以高分段上向扇形深孔阶段空场嗣后充填法为主回采铁矿体,分两步骤连续回采,将选矿后的尾砂作为充填材料充入采空区。采用充填采矿法可以大幅提高矿山回采率,降低贫化率,防止地表塌陷,控制地表沉降。
对某金属矿山的尾砂粒度进行分析,具体见表1和图1。
从表1和图1可以观察到,选取的全尾砂样本中,粒度都控制在500 μm以下,其中全尾砂试样中-5 μm、-10 μm、-20 μm的极细颗粒含量分别约为6.54%、15.12%、29.34%,-75 μm尾砂含量为61.21%,由此可判断出此矿山尾砂为超细尾砂。
充填料浆必须具备良好的和易性,以保证获得良好的输送效果。为了保证超细尾砂料浆的性能,特开展坍落度试验。设置灰砂比分别为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶20,料浆质量浓度分别为78%、76%、74%、72%、70%、68%,测试充填料浆的坍落度,具体试验结果见表2。
由表2可知,充填料浆坍落度值随料浆质量浓度降低而增加,即充填料浆流动性越来越好,而灰砂比对流动性影响很小。选择泵压输送时充填料浆坍落度值应在25~27 cm之间,对应的充填料浆质量浓度约为74%;选择自流输送时充填料浆坍落度值应在27~29 cm之间,对应的充填料浆质量浓度约为70%。
根据上述坍落度试验结果,将不同灰砂比时尾砂料浆坍落度随质量浓度的变化绘制成曲线,如图2所示。
由图2可知,不同灰砂比时,料浆质量浓度从78%降到76%,坍落度变化最大,差值为12 cm;料浆质量浓度从72%降至68%,坍落度较稳定,没有较大变化,保持在28 cm左右,此区域浓度适合自流输送。即适合自流输送的质量浓度范围为68%~72%。
根据表2中的试验结果对超细尾砂料浆的经济成本进行计算,限于篇幅,仅以灰砂比为1∶4和1∶20的料浆为例,具体见表3和表4。
由表3和表4可知,灰砂比1∶4的充填料浆成本为126.58元/m3、灰砂比1∶20的充填料浆成本为40.64元/m3。
提高骨料和胶凝材料的用量均可提高充填体的强度,但从输送角度分析,料浆质量浓度对其流动性影响显著。而胶凝材料的成本一般约占矿山充填成本80%,若盲目增加胶凝材料的用量,将造成矿山充填成本飙升。因此确定合理的充填配比不仅能保证地下作业人员的安全,还能为企业节约充填成本。
分别以灰砂比1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12、1∶20,质量浓度为70%、68%,制作充填体试块,然后进行单轴压缩试验,测试充填体的抗压强度,具体试验结果见表5和图3。
超细尾砂充填体要求7 d、28 d强度分别达到0.8 MPa、1.5 MPa,由表5可知,灰砂比为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12、1∶20时,两种质量浓度的充填体7 d强度均达到0.8 MPa,28 d强度均达到1.5 MPa,满足强度要求。
由图3可知,在相同质量浓度的条件下,随着灰砂比的减少,试块抗压强度逐渐减小;在灰砂比固定的条件下,随着质量浓度的降低,试块的抗压强度也逐渐减小。当灰砂比较高时(如1∶4和1∶6),尾砂充填体试样的28 d强度较高,而随着灰砂比的降低,尾砂充填体试样的强度呈现出较低值,这表明,在一定范围内改变灰砂比能有效提高试样的28 d强度,且随着时间的增长,灰砂比越大,试样强度变化越大。
响应面分析法是通过一系列试验,用多项式函数来确定稳定极限状态函数的方法。通过合理选取试验地点和迭代策略,来保证多项式函数能够在概率上收敛于真实的极限状态函数的失效概率。当真实的极限状态函数非线性程度不大时,线性响应面具有较高的精确度。
影响充填体强度的常见因素包括砂浆的质量浓度、灰砂比以及养护龄期等。通过正交试验方法分析不同因素与充填体抗压强度之间的关系。在确保矿山充填体强度达标的前提下,通过优化充填材料配比和减少胶凝材料的使用量,不仅可以降低生产成本,还能最大限度地提高矿山的经济效益。采用Design软件,以灰砂比A、砂浆质量浓度B为影响强度的因素,3 d、7 d、28 d充填体强度为响应值(分别用Y1、Y2、Y3表示),通过分析计算,影响因素与充填体强度之间的回归方程如下:
根据拟合回归方程,3个养护龄期下拟合方程回归系数均接近于1,因此回归方程拟合程度较高。
为探究不同因素对充填体强度的非线性动态影响情况,根据已建立的不同养护龄期充填体的非线性回归模型,利用Design软件分析建立了养护龄期为3 d、7 d、28 d的三维非线性数据模型,结果如图4所示。
从图4中可以观察到,当灰砂比保持不变时,试块的强度会随着质量浓度的上升和养护龄期的延长而上升。在其他变量保持不变的情况下,灰砂比对试样强度的影响尤为明显,灰砂比越高,试样的强度也就越高。通过增加充填料浆的质量浓度和提高灰砂比,可以有效地增强充填体的强度。
灰砂比较大的试块早期强度发展迅速,后期强度发展稳定,例如,在灰砂比为1∶4的试样中,3 d的强度范围是1.9~2.2 MPa,7 d的强度在3.3~4.0 MPa之间,而28 d的强度则在5.0~5.8 MPa之间。7 d的强度是3 d强度的两倍,而28 d的强度大约是7 d强度的1.5倍。在灰砂比和质量浓度相对较低的试样中,早期的强度表现不佳,部分试样在3 d内拆模困难。而在7 d强度测试中,试样受到压力时变形较大,但随着时间的推移,强度逐渐稳定。例如,灰砂比为1∶20的试样,其3 d强度范围为0.45~0.56 MPa,7 d强度在1.220~1.337 MPa之间,而28 d强度则在1.90~1.92 MPa之间。综上所述,灰砂比、砂浆质量浓度是影响充填体力学性质的关键因素,在一定条件下,多加水泥或提高料浆质量浓度均有利于充填体强度的提高,特别是提高充填体的早期强度。
NGO算法(北方苍鹰优化算法)主要由确定目标向猎物快速移动发起攻击以及狩猎猎物两部分组成,算法初始过程由式(4)表示。
式中:X代表的是一个种群;xi,j代表第i个北方苍鹰第j维的位置;N和m代表表示群的成员以及问题变量的数量。
目标函数为:
式中,Fi为第i个解决方案获得的目标函数值。
式中:Pi为第i个北方苍鹰对应的猎物位置;xk为第k个北方苍鹰的位置,FPi为第i个北方苍鹰对应的猎物位置的目标函数值;li,j代表第i个北方苍鹰第j维度具体位置;、、分别为第1个阶段之后第i个北方苍鹰新的位置、第i个苍鹰第j维度新的位置以及第i个苍鹰所追求的目标函数;r代表区间[0,1]里的随机数字;I代表1或者2的随机数字,i、k为区间[0,N]内的随机自然数且i≠k。
式中:R代表攻击的半径;t、T分别代表当前的迭代次数、最大的迭代次数;、、分别为第2个阶段更新后第i个苍鹰的新位置、第i个苍鹰j维度的新位置、第i个苍鹰的目标函数值。
NGO-BP神经网络流程如图5所示。
具体操作步骤为:
(1)对NGO算法相关参数进行初始化;
(2)对算法进行迭代,根据最小适应度值进行优化更新种群位置;
(3)利用最小适应度值及相对应的苍鹰最佳位置对BP神经网络进行初始化;
(4)将训练后的BP神经网络对数据进行预测。
BP神经网络需要大量的数据,因此研究又补充了一些强度试验并将试验结果与上述强度试验结果进行总结,具体见表6。
将表6中的数据录入到MATLAB软件平台中并采用NGO-BP神经网络模型进行优化,预测强度配比,具体见图6和图7。
迭代次数是指在进行迭代计算时重复执行的次数,迭代次数决定了算法逼近所需目标或结果的过程长度。迭代的基本概念和目的是通过重复反馈过程,逐步逼近所需的目标或结果。每一次对过程的重复称为一次迭代,而每一次迭代得到的结果会作为下一次迭代的初始值。
由图6(c)可知,28 d的迭代次数(X)为98次,在经历98次后趋于稳定。NGO-BP神经网络模型迭代5次时的最佳适应度值(Y值)为0.082,迭代40次时的最佳适应度值为0.074 5,迭代98次时的最佳适应度为0.065 9。
由图7可知,养护3 d时,BP神经网络和NGO-BP神经网络单轴抗压强度预测值在0~5个样本数中有些许差别,在后续样本数中并无差别;养护7 d时所有样本的单轴抗压强度预测值与真实值无太大差别;养护28 d时,预测值与真实值相差较大。可见,充填体试块养护时间较长(28 d)时所获得的抗压强度强度预测结果不适合进行预测,在养护3 d、7 d时所获得的单轴抗压强度预测值准确性较高。
为了进一步对比BP神经网络和NGO-BP神经网络的预测结果,引入平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方差(MSE)、根均方差(RMSE)、决定系数(R2),并将结果进行汇总,具体见表7。
由表7可知,养护28 d时,NGO-BP神经网络较BP神经网络的预测精度并没有太大提升,而养护3 d时,NGO-BP神经网的预测精度络较BP神经网络提升较大,养护7 d时提升最大。养护7 d时,NGO-BP神经网络的平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方差(MSE)、根均方差(RMSE)较BP神经网络分别降低了0.47,0.70,0.96,0.66,决定系数(R2)提高了0.26。
研究结果显示,NGO-BP神经网络模型预测的数据与试验后得到的真实数据的变化趋势相当一致,其相对误差较小。因此该预测模型具有较高的真实性,表明NGO-BP神经网络模型对充填强度配比预测研究具有较好的实用性和适用性,为充填配比优化研究提供了一种新的思路。
(1)对尾砂进行坍落度试验,得出选择泵压输送的充填料浆坍落度值应为25~27 cm,对应充填料浆质量浓度约为74%,选择自流输送时充填料浆坍落度值应在27~29 cm之间,对应充填料浆质量浓度约为70%。
(2)对尾砂充填体进行单轴压缩试验得出,灰砂比为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶20时,所有质量浓度的充填体7 d强度均达到0.8 MPa,28 d强度均达到1.5 MPa,满足强度要求。在相同质量浓度的条件下,随着灰砂比的减少,试块抗压强度逐渐减少;当灰砂比一定的条件下,随着质量浓度的降低,试块的抗压强度也逐渐减少。当灰砂比较高时(如1∶4和1∶6),尾砂充填体试样的28 d强度较高。
(3)采用响应面法,构建了3 d、7 d、28 d充填体强度的回归分析模型,进一步探讨砂浆质量浓度、灰砂比等多个变量对充填体强度产生的影响。研究表明,3 d、7 d、28 d充填体强度的回归模型的拟合方程回归系数均接近于1,因此回归方程拟合程度较高。当灰砂比保持不变时,试块的强度会随着质量浓度的上升和养护龄期的延长而上升。在其他变量保持不变的情况下,灰砂比对试样强度的影响尤为明显,灰砂比越高,试样的强度也就越高。灰砂比、砂浆质量浓度是影响充填体力学性质的关键因素,在一定条件下,多加水泥或提高料浆质量浓度均有利于充填体强度的提高,特别是提高充填体的早期强度。
(4)采用BP和NGO-BP神经网络模型对不同灰砂比和质量浓度下的充填体的3 d、7 d、28 d强度进行预测,养护7 d时NGO-BP神经网络预测较BP神经网络的平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方差(MSE)、根均方差(RMSE)分别降低了0.47,0.70,0.96,0.66,决定系数(R2)提高了0.26。NGO-BP神经网络模型可用于指导生产实践的充填配比,为充填配比优化研究提供了一种新的思路研究。
  • “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907404; 2023YFC2907201)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-09-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907404; 2023YFC2907201)
作者信息
    1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.安徽开发矿业有限公司,安徽 六安市 237191

通讯作者:

江科(1992—),男,湖北天门人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山绿色开采及安全相关的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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