Article(id=1322164601811227000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731513600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158205702, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158205702, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158205702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158205702, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=97, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164603669303673, articleId=1322164601811227000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on the Properties of Solid Waste-Based Phase Change Thermal Storage Filling Body, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the environmental issues caused by deep mine geothermal hazards and the accumulation of construction waste, waste foam concrete was used as a novel porous support material combined with solid paraffin to prepare phase change thermal storage materials. These materials were used to replace part of the coal gangue at different ratios (referred to as the phase change thermal storage material replacement ratio) as aggregates, and were mixed with cement and fly ash to prepare phase change thermal storage filling body. The microstructural properties of the phase change materials and the filling body were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical and thermal properties of the filling body with different phase change materials were examined. The results indicate that the prepared phase change thermal storage filling body exhibits an uniform and dense microstructure with excellent shape stability, maintaining a stable shape even at elevated temperatures. After comprehensively evaluating the mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, and material economy of the filling body, it is found that at a replacement ratio of 10%, although fluctuations can be observed in compressive strength, thermal storage coefficient, and thermal conductivity, the specific heat capacity has reached saturation. Therefore, controlling the replacement ratio at approximately 10% is considered the optimal choice. In conclusion, the experimentally developed phase change thermal storage filling body not only meets the compressive strength requirements but also demonstrates excellent thermal conductivity and thermal storage capacity, offering a feasible material solution for geothermal regulation in deep mines and the resource utilization of solid waste.

, authors=Hongru RUI1, Yin LIU2, Weitao LIU1, Lingran MIN2, Hao FANG2, He ZHANG2, authorsList=Hongru RUI, Yin LIU, Weitao LIU, Lingran MIN, Hao FANG, He ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164605837758858, articleId=1322164601811227000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=固废基相变蓄热充填体性能试验研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决深部矿山地热灾害与建筑垃圾堆积造成的环境问题,采用废旧发泡混凝土作为一种新型多孔支撑材料,与固体石蜡结合制备相变蓄热材料,并以不同比例替代部分煤矸石(简称相变蓄热材料替代比)作为骨料,与水泥、粉煤灰共同制备相变蓄热充填体。通过扫描电子显微镜研究相变蓄热材料和相变蓄热充填体的微观性能,并探究不同相变蓄热材料下充填体的力学和热学性能。结果表明:所制备的相变蓄热充填体微观结构均匀致密,且定型效果优异,在较高温度下仍能保持稳定形状;综合考量充填体的力学性能、热学特性及材料经济性,发现当替代比为10%时,抗压强度、蓄热系数和导热系数虽存在一定波动,但比热容已趋于饱和。因此,将替代比控制在10%左右为最优选择。综上,试验制备的相变蓄热充填体在满足抗压强度要求的同时,具备良好的导热与蓄热能力,为深部矿山地热调控与固废资源化利用提供了可行的材料解决方案。

, authors=芮鸿儒1, 刘音2, 刘伟韬1, 闵令冉2, 房昊2, 张贺2, authorsList=芮鸿儒, 刘音, 刘伟韬, 闵令冉, 房昊, 张贺, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘音, authorNote=

芮鸿儒(2002—),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:

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刘音(1973—),女,陕西米脂人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山环境保护与矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:
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芮鸿儒(2002—),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:

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芮鸿儒(2002—),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:

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replacement ratios of phase change thermal storage materials, figureFileSmall=4JBec7wyJJraTmjwPHN9yg==, figureFileBig=hrBNxMW+PODEMru8RPoFiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164614188618189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同相变蓄热材料替代比下充填体的比热容, figureFileSmall=4JBec7wyJJraTmjwPHN9yg==, figureFileBig=hrBNxMW+PODEMru8RPoFiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164614268309966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Performance parameters of waste foamed concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干密度/(kg/m3)吸水率/%抗压强度/MPa导热系数/(W/(m•K))
64085.00.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614478025167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

废旧发泡混凝土性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干密度/(kg/m3)吸水率/%抗压强度/MPa导热系数/(W/(m•K))
64085.00.12
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614578688464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Raw material mixed ratios

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相变蓄热材料替代比/%煤矸石/g粉煤灰/g水泥/g水/g
01 2008002001 035
51 1408002001 035
101 0808002001 035
151 0208002001 035
209608002001 035
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614641603025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原材料配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相变蓄热材料替代比/%煤矸石/g粉煤灰/g水泥/g水/g
01 2008002001 035
51 1408002001 035
101 0808002001 035
151 0208002001 035
209608002001 035
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614725489106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test groups

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试样编号质量浓度/%相变蓄热材料替代比/%
0-1
0-2680
0-3
1-1
1-2685
1-3
2-1
2-26810
2-3
3-1
3-26815
3-3
4-1
4-26820
4-3
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614792597971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601811227000, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验分组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号质量浓度/%相变蓄热材料替代比/%
0-1
0-2680
0-3
1-1
1-2685
1-3
2-1
2-26810
2-3
3-1
3-26815
3-3
4-1
4-26820
4-3
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固废基相变蓄热充填体性能试验研究
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芮鸿儒 1 , 刘音 2 , 刘伟韬 1 , 闵令冉 2 , 房昊 2 , 张贺 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(11): 97-104
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (11) : 97 -104
固废基相变蓄热充填体性能试验研究
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芮鸿儒(2002—),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:

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芮鸿儒1 , 刘音2 , 刘伟韬1, 闵令冉2, 房昊2, 张贺2
作者信息
  • 1.山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院,山东 青岛市 266590
  • 2.山东科技大学 安全与环境工程学院,山东 青岛市 266590
通讯作者:
刘音(1973—),女,陕西米脂人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山环境保护与矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

芮鸿儒(2002—),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on the Properties of Solid Waste-Based Phase Change Thermal Storage Filling Body
Hongru RUI1 , Yin LIU2 , Weitao LIU1, Lingran MIN2, Hao FANG2, He ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
  • 2.College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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为解决深部矿山地热灾害与建筑垃圾堆积造成的环境问题,采用废旧发泡混凝土作为一种新型多孔支撑材料,与固体石蜡结合制备相变蓄热材料,并以不同比例替代部分煤矸石(简称相变蓄热材料替代比)作为骨料,与水泥、粉煤灰共同制备相变蓄热充填体。通过扫描电子显微镜研究相变蓄热材料和相变蓄热充填体的微观性能,并探究不同相变蓄热材料下充填体的力学和热学性能。结果表明:所制备的相变蓄热充填体微观结构均匀致密,且定型效果优异,在较高温度下仍能保持稳定形状;综合考量充填体的力学性能、热学特性及材料经济性,发现当替代比为10%时,抗压强度、蓄热系数和导热系数虽存在一定波动,但比热容已趋于饱和。因此,将替代比控制在10%左右为最优选择。综上,试验制备的相变蓄热充填体在满足抗压强度要求的同时,具备良好的导热与蓄热能力,为深部矿山地热调控与固废资源化利用提供了可行的材料解决方案。

高温地热灾害  /  相变蓄热材料  /  相变蓄热充填体  /  力学性能  /  热学性能

To address the environmental issues caused by deep mine geothermal hazards and the accumulation of construction waste, waste foam concrete was used as a novel porous support material combined with solid paraffin to prepare phase change thermal storage materials. These materials were used to replace part of the coal gangue at different ratios (referred to as the phase change thermal storage material replacement ratio) as aggregates, and were mixed with cement and fly ash to prepare phase change thermal storage filling body. The microstructural properties of the phase change materials and the filling body were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical and thermal properties of the filling body with different phase change materials were examined. The results indicate that the prepared phase change thermal storage filling body exhibits an uniform and dense microstructure with excellent shape stability, maintaining a stable shape even at elevated temperatures. After comprehensively evaluating the mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, and material economy of the filling body, it is found that at a replacement ratio of 10%, although fluctuations can be observed in compressive strength, thermal storage coefficient, and thermal conductivity, the specific heat capacity has reached saturation. Therefore, controlling the replacement ratio at approximately 10% is considered the optimal choice. In conclusion, the experimentally developed phase change thermal storage filling body not only meets the compressive strength requirements but also demonstrates excellent thermal conductivity and thermal storage capacity, offering a feasible material solution for geothermal regulation in deep mines and the resource utilization of solid waste.

High-temperature geothermal hazard  /  Phase change thermal storage material  /  Phase change thermal storage filling body  /  Mechanical property  /  Thermal property
芮鸿儒, 刘音, 刘伟韬, 闵令冉, 房昊, 张贺. 固废基相变蓄热充填体性能试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 97 -104 .
Hongru RUI, Yin LIU, Weitao LIU, Lingran MIN, Hao FANG, He ZHANG. Experimental Study on the Properties of Solid Waste-Based Phase Change Thermal Storage Filling Body[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 97 -104 .
在矿山开采过程中,地温随着开采深度的增加而升高,导致越来越多的矿山面临深井热灾害的威胁[1]。研究表明,井下温度每升高1 ℃,工作效率将下降6%~8%,工伤事故数量也相应增加[2-3]。当温度达到一定临界值时,甚至会导致矿产资源无法开采,进一步加剧资源匮乏问题[4]。目前,井下高温热灾害防治措施主要包括通风降温[5]、控制热源传播[6]、矿山制冷技术[7-8]等。然而,这些方法普遍存在投资成本高、施工时间长等问题,在热灾害严重的矿山中应用受限[9]。刘浪等[10]建立了矿井蓄热/储能功能性充填体的概念模型,利用充填体的蓄热/释热功能,在实施充填采矿的同时实现对地热能的提取利用,为深部矿产资源与地热协同开采奠定了理论基础。
在此背景下,多功能相变材料应运而生,但该材料仍面临制备工艺不成熟、材料稳定性差及容易泄漏等问题。目前,相变材料的封装方式有微胶囊法、多孔吸附法、物理共熔法和液相插层法等。
其中,多孔吸附法因其高效性、特异性、工艺简单、易于规模化生产而备受关注[11]。于海涛等[12]采用不同质量分数的硬脂酸与膨胀石墨制成复合相变材料,发现膨胀石墨对硬脂酸的吸附能力可达到其总质量的90%左右。陈培海等[13]以十八烷为相变储能材料,凹凸棒土为吸附材料,通过真空浸渍法制备了十八烷/凹凸棒土复合材料。YANG Xiaojiao等[14]制作了肉豆蔻酸棕榈酸硬脂酸三元晶体,以膨胀石墨为吸附基体,制备了膨胀石墨三元晶体复合相变材料,发现制备的材料具备较高的导热性。喻胜飞等[15]采用固态石蜡与液态石蜡合成复合石蜡,有较好的稳定性。童晓梅等[16]以石蜡为相变储能材料,将有机蒙脱土作为基体材料,通过加热共熔法制备了石蜡/LDPE/OMMT/石墨复合相变材料,材料导热性能良好。王小鹏等[17]以石蜡为相变储能材料,利用熔融插层法将其嵌入膨润土层间,所制备的复合相变材料表现出良好的稳定性且无石蜡泄漏。张正国等[18]以硬脂酸丁酯为相变储能材料,采用液相插层法制备硬脂酸丁酯/膨润土的复合相变材料,并且将其掺入到了水泥中制备水泥板,经低温循环试验验证,该复合材料具有良好的强度稳定性。
学者们针对充填体的力学性能、热学性能已开展一系列研究。ZHANG Xiaoyan等[19]以尾砂基固体充填体为研究对象,发现在不添加相变材料的情况下,充填体的抗压强度随料浆浓度的增加而提高。金爱兵等[20]采用质量置换法用复合相变材料替代一定量的尾矿制备相变储能充填体,研究了5%和10%两种掺量对充填体强度和导热系数的影响。ZHANG Xiaoyan等[21]以冰为相变材料与水泥尾砂混合制备含冰的充填浆料,探讨了冰对充填体物理力学性能及水泥水化过程的影响,确定冰水比1∶1为最佳配比。WANG Mei等[22]通过数值模拟和试验测试,研究了充填体在内部相变热源作用下的三维瞬态传热,发现初始液相分数越低,材料熔化时间越长,释冷时间也相应延长。张小艳等[23]以石蜡微胶囊替代部分骨料制备充填材料,并对其热学性能进行了测试,结果表明,添加5%石蜡微胶囊可使充填体导热系数平均降低25.6%,同时比热容平均提高12.5%。
以上研究表明,相变材料的掺量对相变蓄热充填体的力学性能、热学性能有着显著的影响,但不同相变材料的添加对充填体的性能影响也存在差异。本文以石蜡为相变蓄热材料,废旧发泡混凝土为支撑材料,制备石蜡废旧发泡混凝土相变蓄热材料,并将其替代部分煤矸石作为骨料,与水泥、粉煤灰等共同制备定型相变蓄热充填体。通过观察其微观结构,测试不同相变蓄热材料替代比下充填体的单轴抗压强度、比热容、导热系数、蓄热系数等关键参数,确定最优比例,并进一步分析其影响机制。研究旨在系统揭示固废基相变蓄热充填体的综合性能,为其在实际工程中的应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
试验所用石蜡由某石化炼油厂提供,其相变温度为52.6 ℃,相变潜热为198.7 J/g,导热系数为0.33 W/(m•K)。该材料具有相变潜热大、不易发生离析、无过冷现象及无腐蚀性等特点。废旧发泡混凝土(粒径2~5 mm,使用年限约25 a)取自某建筑物拆除产生的建筑垃圾,经分选、破碎、清洗与分级处理后用于试验,该材料具有良好的保温隔热性能,有助于提高建筑物的能源利用效率,其性能测试结果见表1。试验所用的胶凝材料为水泥。煤矸石来自某煤矿,对煤矸石进行破碎筛分(粒径≤25 mm),以满足充填体制备需求。粉煤灰由某电厂提供。
本试验选取废旧发泡混凝土为载体,以石蜡为相变材料,通过加热熔融使石蜡充分填充到废旧发泡混凝土的孔隙中以制备相变蓄热材料。
(1)试验开始前,先将废旧发泡混凝土块经破碎机粉碎处理,筛取粒径为4~6 mm的颗粒作为试验原料。称取适量颗粒置于干燥箱中,高温条件下去除水分,以提高材料质量,便于后续处理并避免测量误差。
(2)称取一定质量的石蜡放入烧杯,在60 ℃的干燥箱中加热至熔融状态。
(3)用玻璃棒持续搅拌石蜡,并逐步加入预处理好的废旧发泡混凝土颗粒,使两者充分混合。
(4)使用过滤网取出颗粒,置于玻璃皿上,用干滤纸擦去颗粒表面多余石蜡,即制得石蜡废旧发泡混凝土复合相变蓄热材料(以下简称相变蓄热材料)。
准备水泥、粉煤灰、煤矸石、水和相变蓄热材料等原材料,并配置电子秤、恒温养护箱等试验设备,通电预热至工作模式。准备就绪后,开始进行相变蓄热充填体的制备试验。
按设计配比称取煤矸石、粉煤灰、水泥和水,其中充填体基本配比为:m(水泥)∶m(粉煤灰)∶m (煤矸石)=1∶4∶6,设置相变蓄热材料对煤矸石的骨料替代比分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%,具体替代方案见表2。将称量好的原料倒入搅拌器,加水搅拌5 min使相变蓄热材料均匀分散于料浆中,最终制备成料浆质量浓度为68%的混合料浆。搅拌过程中注意观察是否搅拌均匀,具体试验分组设计见表3。
浆液配置完毕后,在规定时间内将其浇筑于70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm的模具中。为避免料浆中相变蓄热材料沉降,浇筑过程中可持续用玻璃棒进行搅拌,该操作能有效避免成型后充填体中出现空洞。将浇筑完成的模具在室温下进行冷却凝固,待其完全冷却成型后取出试块对其进行分组编号,放入养护箱养护28 d后取出进行下一步试验。
(1)力学性能试验。本试验采用AG-X250 kN电子万能材料试验机,测定不同相变蓄热材料替代比下充填体的单轴抗压强度。单轴抗压强度是指充填体试件在一个方向受压时所测得的极限破坏强度,即单位面积上可承受的最大荷载。本试验采用电子万能材料试验机,能够精确地施加和测量不同载荷下的应力应变关系,便于对试验现象的观察和记录。
(2)微观性能试验。将不同相变蓄热材料替代比的充填体试块养护至龄期28 d后,先进行力学性能测试,随后取其内部小块浸泡于无水乙醇中以终止水化反应进行。测试前,将样品置于55 ℃环境下烘干,并制备成所需规格。利用Nova Nano SEM450型扫描电镜(SEM)和麦克ASAP2460型压汞仪(MIP),分别对相变蓄热材料及充填体的微观形态与孔隙结构进行表征,以分析废旧发泡混凝土对石蜡的吸附行为,并揭示相变蓄热材料在充填体中的理化特性。
(3)热学性能试验。利用DZDR-S导热系数仪对不同相变蓄热材料替代比的充填体进行测试,测定其蓄热系数、导热系数、比热容等热学参数。通过分析各参数间的相互影响关系,系统研究充填体的热学性能,旨在为矿床地热协同开采系统的高效、经济化设计提供理论依据和试验数据支撑。
使用电子万能材料试验机对相变蓄热充填体进行单轴抗压强度测试。各组试验均在相同环境条件下完成。借助软件Origin绘制28 d养护龄期下不同相变蓄热材料替代比与充填体单轴抗压强度之间的关系曲线(如图1至图3所示)。由图1可知,试样的最大单轴抗压强度为4.99 MPa。当相变蓄热材料替代比分别为5%、10%、15%、20%时,试块的单轴抗压强度分别为4.26 MPa、3.78 MPa、3.52 MPa、3.28 MPa。由图3可知,与替代比0%的基准组相比,各试验组的抗压强度均有所下降,降幅分别为14.63%、24.25%、29.46%、34.27%。在替代比从0增至5%阶段,抗压强度下降最为显著;而在15%至20%的替代区间,抗压强度降幅趋于平缓。通过函数拟合分析(见图2),相变蓄热材料替代比与抗压强度之间符合指数函数关系,表明随着材料替代比的提高,抗压强度逐渐降低,且下降速率逐渐减缓。
综合分析不同相变蓄热材料替代比与单轴抗压强度的关系,并结合函数拟合结果可得:在相同养护龄期下,相变蓄热材料替代比与充填体抗压强度呈指数函数关系,且成负相关。随着替代比的提高,相变蓄热充填体的单轴抗压强度逐渐降低,但不同替代区间的降幅存在差异,总体上表现为替代比越高,强度衰减幅度越大。上述规律可为相变蓄热材料替代比的合理选取提供依据,有助于在提升充填体蓄热性能的同时,兼顾充填体的单轴抗压强度要求。
废旧发泡混凝土颗粒的SEM图像如图4所示。由图4可知,颗粒表面分布着大量不规则凹坑。这些凹坑不仅增大了颗粒的比表面积,还为其提供了丰富的吸附位点,为后续的复合石蜡吸附过程创造了有利条件。制备好的石蜡废旧发泡混凝土复合相变蓄热材料的SEM镜像如图5所示。由图5可以看出,融化后的石蜡充分填充废旧发泡混凝土的空隙,形成致密的复合结构。该结构不仅保证了复合相变蓄热材料的整体稳定性,还使其在具有支撑功能的同时,兼并石蜡的蓄热特性,符合预期相变蓄热材料的设计要求。
不同相变蓄热材料替代比下充填体的SEM图像如图6所示。当采用相变蓄热材料制备充填体时,其表面残留的石蜡因疏水特性阻碍了与周围浆体的有效结合,导致充填体接触面出现水分聚集。随着水分的不断挥发,相变蓄热充填体表面出现缝隙。在进行单轴抗压强度测试时,在压力作用下,这些相变蓄热材料与充填体接触面缝隙在压力作用下成为应力集中点,由于黏结强度不足,极易发生断裂破坏。由图6可知,随着相变蓄热材料替代比的不断提高,充填体表面的缝隙逐渐增多,结构稳定性下降,致使单轴抗压强度下降。
对不同相变蓄热材料替代比下充填体的导热系数及其蓄热系数进行测试,结果如图7所示。由图7可知,随着相变蓄热材料替代比的提高,充填体的导热系数逐渐下降,且降幅趋于收敛。基准组(相变蓄热材料替代比为0)的导热系数为0.76 W/(m•K),当相变蓄热材料替代比增至5%、10%、15%、20%时,相对应的导热系数分别为0.65 W/(m•K)、0.58 W/(m•K)、0.53 W/(m•K)、0.49 W/(m•K),与基准组相比分别降低了14.5%、23.7%、30.3%、35.5%。与此同时,充填体的蓄热系数也随替代比上升呈下降趋势。当替代比为0时,充填体的蓄热系数为10.23 W/(m2•K),当替代比分别增至5%、10%、15%、20%时,蓄热系数分别降低为9.24 W/(m2•K)、8.55 W/(m2•K)、7.65 W/(m2•K)、7.02 W/(m2•K),相比于基准组分别下降了9.7%、16.4%、25.2%、31.4%。
结合2.2节中相变蓄热充填体的SEM分析可知:随着相变蓄热材料替代比的提高,充填体内缝隙数量增加。由于空气的导热系数极低,缝隙内的空气阻挡了热量在充填体内的有效传递,导致导热系数降低;同时,空气体的增加及其近乎为0的蓄热能力,共同造成充填体蓄热系数的下降。
利用导热系数仪测试不同相变蓄热材料替代比下充填体的比热容,结果如图8所示。由图8可知,当充填体内相变蓄热材料替代比增大时,其比热容逐渐增大。其中基准组的比热容为1.04 kJ/(kg•K)。当相变蓄热材料替代比分别增至5%、10%、15%、20%时,对应的比热容分别为1.13 kJ/(kg•K)、1.27 kJ/(kg•K)、1.34 kJ/(kg•K)、1.38 kJ/(kg•K),与对照组相比分别提升了8.7%、22.1%、28.8%、32.7%。比较相邻比热容的变化可知,当替代比低于10%时比热容增长幅度较大,当替代比高于10%时比热容增幅明显趋缓。这表明相变蓄热材料的加入明显提高了充填体的比热容,增强了其参与热量传递和储存的能力。当替代比高于10%时,比热容的增加幅度开始减小,这并不意味着相变蓄热材料的作用减弱,而是表明随着替代比的增加,蓄热效果逐渐趋于饱和。综合考虑相变蓄热材料的用量与其导热/蓄热能力,并在满足相变蓄热充填体抗压强度要求的前提下,选择相变蓄热材料替代比为10%为最优替代比。
地热作为一种可再生的清洁能源,其开发利用可促进能源结构的优化并推动碳减排进程。本文所制备的相变蓄热充填材料可应用于矿床地热协同开采[24]系统,通过在采空区充填过程中铺设采热管路,构建具备高热能存储/快速热能释放功能的相变蓄热充填体。该材料能够有效吸收并储存地热能,经由采热管路为矿山及其周边地区提供稳定热源,满足供暖、热水供应等日常需求,并可进一步拓展至工业加热、农业温室等应用场景,显著提升地热能的综合利用价值。此外,地热能的开发有助于减少对化石能源的依赖,降低温室气体排放,促进绿色低碳发展。实现了矿山开采与地热开发的有机结合,在提高资源利用效率的同时,取得了经济效益与社会效益的协同提升。
(1)不同相变蓄热材料替代比下的充填体单轴抗压强度测试结果表明,充填体抗压强度随替代比的增加呈指数型下降。养护龄期28 d时,替代比为5%、10%、15%、20%的试块抗压强度分别为4.26 MPa、3.78 MPa、3.52 MPa、3.28 MPa,替代比低于10%时下降幅度较大,高于10%后降幅逐渐趋缓。借助SEM分析可知,随着充填体相变蓄热材料掺量的增加,内部缝隙增多,导致充填体结构整体性下降,抗压强度相应降低。
(2)随着相变蓄热材料替代比的不断增加,相变蓄热充填体的蓄热系数、导热系数逐步降低,而比热容则持续上升。综合考量充填体的力学性能、热学性能及材料经济性,发现当相变蓄热材料替代比约为10%时,其抗压强度、蓄热系数、导热系数虽有较大波动,但其比热容趋于饱和。因此,将相变蓄热材料替代比控制在10%为最佳选择。该比例下相变蓄热充填体在具有较强抗压强度的同时,兼具较高的相变蓄热能力,符合试验预期目标。
(3)通过开发相变蓄热充填体,并结合深地矿床地热协同开采模式,探索了一条高效、可持续的矿产资源与地热能源综合开发利用的新途径。该技术不仅有助于缓解深部地热危害,提升地热资源利用率,也为进一步推动实现“双碳”目标提供了可行的技术支撑。
  • 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021ME138)
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14
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山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021ME138)
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    1.山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院,山东 青岛市 266590
    2.山东科技大学 安全与环境工程学院,山东 青岛市 266590

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刘音(1973—),女,陕西米脂人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山环境保护与矿山充填材料技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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